2016版高一英语 专题10 动词不定式在短文填空中应用暑假作业(含解析)

专题10动词不定式在短文填空中应用
【理论回顾】
一、提示词为动词
当提示词为动词，涉及到的考点可能为以下三种：
谓语动词
动词非谓语动词
词性变化
二、动词不定式的语法功能
不定式在句子中可做______________________________________。

1.不定式作主语
动词不定式做主语一般表示___________________。

例如：
例1：To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task. 例2：To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到___________。

2.不定式作宾语
不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等。

例如：例3：I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
例4：My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.
例5：I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.
例6：The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.
例7：She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
3.动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语常表示___________________，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。

例如：
例8：The most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.
例9：My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
例10：The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
例11：What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
4.动词不定式作宾语补语
不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。

例如：
例11：Because of the complexity of the modern equipment, most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
例12：He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.
5. 不定式作定语
①___________________：
例13：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
②用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。

如：
例14：He was the best man to do the job.
例15：He was always the first to come and the last to leave.
例16：She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games .
③用来进一步解释说明抽象名词。

常见的这一类名词有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, mo ment, time 等。

如：
例17：Do you have the ability to read and write English ?
例18：I have a chance to go sight–seeing.
6. 不定式作状语
①目的状语To… ；only to；in order to； so as to；so(such)…；as to… (如此……以便……) .
例19：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
例20：I come here only to say good-bye to you.
作结果状语，表___________________，要放在句子后面。

例21：He searched the room only to find nothing.
【想一想】
如果给出了提示动词，那么在做题时需要注意些什么呢？
【练一练】
A篇
Although it could not compete with t he speed of email today, the 1800’s experienced a revolution in communication that played an important role in creating the tradition of the Christmas greeting card. ____1____（help) by the new railway system, the public postal service made corresponding a popular past time. InEngland,SirHenryCole recognized the advantage of ___2____ more efficient mail service and initiatedthe practice of sending Christmas greeting cards __3_____ friends. The first card ___4___ (design) by J.C. Horsley as a commercial endeavor. One thousand copies were sold in London, ____5____ soon others followed suit. An English ____6____(art), William Egley, produced a popular card in 1849. Louis Prang, a German born printer, working from ___7____ shop in Massachusetts, printed his first American cards in 1875. Even more ____8____ (importance) than his printing was the fact ____9____ he did more than anyone else to popularize the cards by instituting nationwide contests for the best Christmas designs, __10____ were awarded cash prizes.
1. _________
2._________
3._________
4. _________
5._________
6. _________
7._________8._________9._________10._________
B篇
There are moments in life ___1____ you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real。

When the door of happiness closes, __2_____ opens, but often we look so long at the closed door___3____ we don’t see the one which has been opened for us。

Don’t go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don’t go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone ___4____ makes you
smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright。

Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be __5__ you want to be。

The ___6__(happy) of people don’t ___7__(necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that ___8__ (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a _9____ (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone _10____ you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you’re the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.
1. _________
2._________
3._________
4._________
5._________
6. _________
7._________8._________9._________10._________
C篇
Making new friends means __1____（put） yourself out on a limb and asking others not only to accept you, but to like you and want to be around you as well. ____2____(fortunate)， there is no magical solution ___3____ this part of the process, so if you want to make friends, take a deep breath and jump right in。

___4___ first step to making new friends is figuring out what is holding you back. A lot of times people _5___ are interested in making new friends don’t know why they don’t have them already. They can’t see that __6___ own actions are working against them.Once you can identifywhat is keeping you from making new friends, you need to work through these concerns. This can be painful __7_____ you will need to put yourself outside of your comfort zones to see any real differences。

The next step is to shine in these social settings so that others will leave with a positive _8__ (impress). If you find social situations hard, just rely on a few simple rules。

When you feel ____9____ (confidence) that you’ve made some great new friends, get out there and celebrate with them! No matter ____10____ you decide to do, the important thing is to celebrate your new friends and hopefully continue cultivating more.
1. _________
2._________
3._________
4. _________
5._________
6. _________
7._________8._________9._________10._________
【乐一乐】
A Bad Impression
Six people were travelling in a compartment on a train. Five of them were quiet and well behaved, but the sixth was a rude young man who was causing a lot of trouble to the other passengers. At last this young man got out at a station with his two heavy bags. None of the other passengers helped him, but one of them waited until the rude young man was very far away and then opened the window and shouted to him, "You left something behind in the compartment!" Then he closed the window again. The young man turned around and hurried back with his two bags. He was very tired when he arrived, but he shouted through the window, "What did I leave behind?" As the train began to move again, the passenger who had called him back opened the window and said, "A very bad impression!"
有六个人搭乘火车旅行，坐在同一车箱内。

其中五个很安静，也很规矩。

但第六个是个粗鲁的年轻人，给其他乘客招惹了许多麻烦。

最后，这位年轻人在一个车站带着两个沉重的皮箱下了车。

没有一个旅客帮他的忙。

有个人一直等到这位粗鲁的年轻人走得很远了，才打开窗户，对着他大声喊：“你把东西留在车厢里了!”然后，又把窗户关了起来。

年轻人转过身子，拎着两个沉甸甸的皮箱，匆匆赶了回来。

他转回来时，显得非常疲倦，对着窗户大声喊：“我把什么东西留在车上了？”当火车再次启动时，叫他回来的旅客打开窗户说：“一个极坏的印象!”。