专八真题语言知识

专八真题语言知识
1995-2018年英语专业八级改错真题及答案
2018年真题
Mass media is media that is intended for a large audience. It may
take the form of broadcast media, as in case of television and radio,
1._____
or print media, as newspapers and magazines. 2._____ Usually, mass media aims to reach a very large market, such as the entire population of a country. By contrast, local media covers
a much small population and area, focusing on regional news of 3._____ interest, specialty media is provided for particular demographic groups.
4._____
Some local media outlets that cover state or provincial news may raise
to 5._____
prominence thanks to their investigative journalism, and to the clout that
their particular regions have in national politics.
People often think of mass media as the news, it also includes
6._____
entertainment like television shows, books, and films. It may also be educational in the nature, as in the instance of public broadcasting stations 7._____
that provide educational programming to a national audience. Political communications including propaganda are
also frequently distributed through the media, as were public service announcements and 8._____ emergency alerts.
When elitists may be tempted to sneer at the mass media, referring
to it 9._____
as the “opiate of the masses,” it is a critical part of human societies. Understand mass media is usually key to understand a population 10._____
and culture, which is why the field of media studies is so huge.
2017年真题
The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human
beings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1._______
distinguishes one individual from another.
The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs to be equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2._______
what will make one a happy and successful social being.
In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledge
the fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time.
They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction
3._______
in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constant
in life is change, the more one accepts one’s strengths and works
4._______
towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of
5._______
communication skills, the better will be their interactions and the more their social popularity.
The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve
6._______
communication skills? The answer is simple. One can find
plenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conduct
workshops and seminars based on communication skills of men
and women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing in
trainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7._______
help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.
Today effective communication skills have become a predominant
factor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates,
most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate
with.
They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability
to 8.______
communicate well is important, as every employee becomes
the
representing face of the company.
There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made
9._______
programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitate
better communication skills in the workplace, but also look into
the problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively.
10._______
2016年真题
All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships,
a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships,
1._________
for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences,
language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship
a special
2._________
character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________
other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places,
songs, or events that come to have a unique and
important symbolic meaning for the two individuals. Thus, any 4._________
social unit—whether a relationship, group, organization, or society—develops a culture with the passage of time.
While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique, all cultures share certain same functions. The relationship between
5.__________
communication and culture is a very complex intimate one.
6.__________
Cultures are created through communication; that is, communication is
the means of human interaction, through it cultural characteristics
7.__________
are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create
a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies,
but rather than that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction.8._________
In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social communication.
Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible to
have and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to
9.__________
another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped,
10._________
transmitted, and learned through communication.
2015年真题
When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a specta
cular show
on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round at the lux
ury of the 1. ________
rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush”seats we had been
given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2.________
vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context.
“Plush”
was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluatio n; that 3. ________
much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the conte
xt. So I 4. ________
started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are
plush, and
so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren
’t they? My
friend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ________
expression that I had not got the word quite right.
Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly
means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquir e both 6. ________
new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. ________
own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I sho uld have
asked for plush, and this is particularly true in the
8._______ _
aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surroun ded by 9________
speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,
but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner o f English.
So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.
10. _________
2014年真题
There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to
early 1960s.
There is a high level of agreement that the following questions 1.__________
have possessed the most attention of researchers in this are a: 2.__________
◆Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the
same sense one acquires a first language?
3.__________
◆What is the explana tion for the fact adults have 4.__________
more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?
◆What motivates people to acquire additional languages?
◆What is the role of the language teaching in the
5.___________
acquisition of an additional language?
◆What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying
the learning of additional languages?
From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that
all 6.__________
the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have
one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring
of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7.___________
so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under 8.___________
focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an
individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning 9.___________
or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. 10.___________
2013年真题
Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguist ics study understanding,
production and remembering language, and hence are concerned
1.__________
with listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for la nguage.
One reason why we take the language for granted is that it
usually 2.________
happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately.
3._________
Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, 4.________
you normally cannot help but understand it.
It is only in exceptional circumstances we might beco me aware of 5._________
the complexity involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot
remember it; if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has 6._________
influenced their language; if we observe a child acquire l anguage; 7._________
if we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adu lt; or if we
are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyo ne else 8._________
who is. As we shall see, all these examples
of what might be called
“language in exceptional circumstances”reveal a great dea l about the
processes evolved in speaking,
listening, writing and reading. But 9.__________
given that language processes were normally so automatic, w e also 10.__________
need to carry out careful experiments to get at what is ha ppening.
2012年真题
The central problem of translating has always been whethe
r to
translate literally or freely. The argument has been going s
ince at least 1.__________
the first century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th cen tury, many
writers favored certain kind of “free”translation: the spi
rit, not the 2.__________
letter; the sense not the word; the message rather the form ; the matter 3.__________
not the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of w riters who 4.___________
wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the tu rn of 5.___________
19th century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggest
ed that
the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the languag
e was 6.__________
entirely the product of culture, the view translation was im possible 7.__________
gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must 8.__________
be as
literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of t
he 9._________
extreme “literalists”Walter Be njamin and Vladimir Nobokov.
The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translat ion, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was no
t discussed.
Too often, writer,
translator and reader were implicitly identified with each
other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. 10. _________
2011年真题
From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I
knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages 1._____________
of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my 2._____________
true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down 3._____________
and write books.。