高中英语必修第一册Unit 1 Teenage Life-导学案-人教版(2019)

Unit 1 Teenage life
The Freshman Challenge
掌握宾语从句中虚拟语气的结构和用法;
Reading and thinking
Basic question: What courses did the school adviser recommend Adam to take?
参考答案：
His adviser recommended that he should sign up for advanced literature.
Further discussion:
What’s your favorite subject? If you are required to choose the subjects, what courses will you take? Why？
参考答案：
1. I like English best. I want to travel around the world in the future and English is kind of necessary. Besides English, I will choose Chinese, history and PE.
2. My favourite subject is physics because I believe Steven Hawking is the hero throughout human history. My father recommended that I choose maths. He said I should learn maths well enough if I want to be good at physics. So I think I will choose physics, maths, Chinese and chemistry.
3. I prefer Chinese for I enjoy reading Chinese poems very much. My elder brother recommended that I choose Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and biology because I want to get high marks in the entrance examination.
My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature.
表示“建议、命令、要求”这类意念动词，态度动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。

谓语动词用动词原形或“should+动词原形”。

常见动词：suggest, recommend, advise; require, request, insist; order, command, urge, desire等词。

句子结构：Sb. + V+(that) sb. (should) do sth./sth. (should) be done
They suggested he (should) finish the project as soon as possible.
他们建议他尽早完成这个项目。

She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
她坚持要预定座位。

1. The law requires that everyone _________ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has
B. had
C. have
D. will have
答案：C
解析：谓语动词是require（要求），所以宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，应该选have。

should have也可以。

此题不要看到从句中主语为everyone，就选has，这是迷惑项。

2. He insisted that he __________ not ill, but the doctor insisted that he __________ the medicine.
A. is; take
B. was; took
C. was; should take
D. is; take
答案：C
解析：insist表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”，从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语一般用陈述语气，引导词 that 可省略。

insist当表示“坚持要”“一定要”，从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事实，此时谓语通常用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形），而且引导词that 一般不省略。

本句句意为“他
坚持说自己没病，但是医生一定要他吃药”。

前半句指的是已存在的状态，后半句只的是尚未实现的事实，所以本题选择C。

3. My father did not go to New York; the boss made a suggestion that he ____________ there.
A. not went
B. won’t go
C. not go
D. not to go
答案：C
解析：此题考查的是具有“建立、命令、要求”含义的词汇不仅局限于动词的宾语从句中，如本题中名词后的同位语从句，或是表语从句如My suggestion is that…；主语从句如It’s suggested that…从句中都应用虚拟语气。

故选C。

（答题时间：40分钟）
一、阅读理解
Some educators told us that more years of school could help students get higher scores on intelligence tests. That was a finding of a study of teenage males in some countries. Now, another research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes.
The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic （学术的） subjects like math and reading. The studies appeared -between 2008 and 2014. They included more than 55，000 children, aged 6 to 18.
Amika Singh: “According to the results of our study, we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. There are, first, physiological explanations, like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones （荷尔蒙） produced like endorphins （内啡肽）. And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also
perform better.”
Also, students taking part in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work.
The study leaves some questions unanswered, however. Ms Stash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement. This is because of differences among the studies.
The researchers said they found only two high-quality studies. They needed more high-quality studies to confirm （证实） their findings. They also pointed out that “results for other parts of the world may be quite different”.
Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. Her paper on “Physical Activity and Performance at School” is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine.
1. The passage mainly tells us that __________.
A. a research on physical education has been done by the researchers
B. there is a possibility that physical activity leads to higher grades
C. the amount or kind of activity directly affects academic level
D. the research shows that the children aged 6 to 18 don’t do sports *2. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Being mentally active is good for academic subjects.
B. The more hormones you have, the more stressed you will get.
C. The researchers have found many high-quality studies to prove the research.
D. The educators in some countries think studies, not exercise, mean much to students.
3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 probably means __________.
A. good marks result from high-quality study
B. findings are probably different in different areas
C. physical activity will spread all over the world
D. academic performance depends on the surroundings
4. What’s the purpose of writing the passage?
A. To call our attention to the sports at school.
B. To introduce all types of physical activities.
C. To represent the academic performance.
D. To improve students’ health.
二、语法填空
It is interesting 1__________ （look） at differences between schools in different countries. In many European countries, for example, the relationship between teachers and students 2__________ （be） quite formal. This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teacher is considered very important. The same is true *3__________ Russia. In 4__________ （north） European countries, however, the relationship between teachers and students is much *5__________ （friendly） and more relaxed. In America, students and teachers are quite relaxed with each other. In Britain, relationships are quite relaxed, but teachers can have big problems with discipline.
Another important difference is whether schools are state schools 6__________ private schools. State schools *7__________ （pay） for by the government, but in private schools, the parents pay for education of their children. Germany and France have both state and private schools, but most students go to state schools，8__________ are very good. 9__________ （similar）, America has both state and private schools. Most American children go to state schools, but the private schools can be very good and 10__________ （go） to private schools is very expensive.
三、写作
假设你是李华，你的英国网友Linda最近在中国学习。

她写信向你诉说了她的困扰：不适应新的生活、学习环境，想家，感到很焦虑。

请你根据以下要点给她写一封回信。

要点如下：
1. 表示理解并给予安慰；
2. 提出建议并给出理由。

注意：词数100左右。

一、
【文章大意】本文讲的是体育锻炼能提高学习成绩吗？
1. B 主旨大意题。

根据第一段讲述了关于上学时间更长能够帮助学生在智力测验中得到更高分数的一项发现，现在另一项研究表明，体育锻炼可能帮助学生在功课上做得更好，所以选B项。

2. D 推理判断题。

根据第二段第一、二句The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic subjects like math and reading 即可判断出有些国家的教育工作者认为学习和体育活动更重要。

3. B 句意理解题。

根据第六段提到The researchers said they found only two high-quality studies. They needed more high-quality studies to confirm their findings. They also pointed out that “results for other parts of the world may be quite different.研究人员表示，他们只发现两项高质量研究。

他们需要更多高质量研究以确认他们的发现。

他们还指出，“世界上其他地区的结果可能大不一样”，所以选B项。

4. A 目的意图题。

根据最后一段提到Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. 尽管如此，总的结论是，喜欢运动的孩子更容易在学校表现更好。

辛格女士说，学校应该在削减体育课之前，考虑一下这一研究发现，所以选A项。

二、
［语篇解读］文章谈论了不同国家学校之间的差异。

1. to look 考查不定式。

it是形式主语，动词不定式to look at...作真正主语。

2. is 考查系动词。

主语是the relationship，结合上下文，用一般现在时，故填is。

3. of/in 考查介词。

be true of/in意为“符合于，对……适用”。

俄罗斯也是一样。

4. northern 考查形容词。

用形容词northern修饰后面的名词短语 European
countries。

5. friendlier 考查形容词比较级。

由much和more relaxed可知要填比较级，这里表示“更友好的，更放松的”。

6. or 考查连词。

whether...or...表示两者择其一。

7. are paid 考查被动语态。

由by the government可知填被动语态。

句意：公立学校由政府付钱。

8. which 考查定语从句引导词。

which引导非限制性定语从句, which 指代前面的 state schools。

9. Similarly 考查副词。

similarly同样地，类似于。

这里是副词修饰整个句子。

10. going 考查动名词。

动名词作主语。

三、
Dear Linda，
I’m sorry to learn that you are having such a bad time.
Here are some tips for you. First, you’d better try to change some of your habits to get used to the new environment as soon as possible. Second, make more new friends. You will feel less homesick with many friends around you. Third, you should take part in some social activities. It will help you learn more about the local customs and cultures.
I hope my advice will be useful.
Yours，
Li Hua
A Letter of Advice
能够运用“find+宾语+宾补”结构熟练表达。

Reading for writing
Basic question:
According to the letter, what is the Worried Friend worried about?
A: His friend, Chen Lei, plays computer games too often and spends too much time online.
Further discussion:
In your own opinion, what are the disadvantages of playing too much computer games?
参考答案：
1. I think spending too much time online is unhealthy and is very bad for our eyes.
2. Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. As teenagers, we do have a lot of important tasks to accomplish.
3. It is known that online games are so entertaining that some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.
Spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.
(1) 集中于……：concentrate on = focus on
专心致志于……：be absorbed in/ be buried in
He was a quiet man who often seemed to be absorbed in his own thoughts. 他是一个安静的人，经常陷入沉思。

My father was buried in reading the newspaper.
我爸爸在埋头读报纸。

concentrate v. concentration n.
concentrate one’s efforts/ attention/ mind on sth.：专注于某事
Linda concentrates her efforts on literature.
琳达努力研究文学。

(2) be addicted to：对……入迷；对……上瘾
Many women are addicted to online shopping.
很多女人迷恋网购。

I went through about four years of being addicted to the video games. 我大约有四年时间沉迷于网络游戏中。

(3) 句式结构：sb. make/ find/ consider/ feel + it + to do sth.
这个句式结构中it作为形式宾语，真正的宾语为to do不定式结构。

Caroline felt it urgent to notify her friend about the bad news. 卡洛琳觉得应该马上告诉她的朋友这个坏消息。

it除了作为形式宾语外，还可以作为形式主语。

It is adj./ n. for sb. to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It is unnecessary for Mike to come so early.
迈克没必要来得这么早。

It took Stephen two years to get rid of smoking.
史蒂芬花费两年的时间戒烟。

1. I think _________ necessary for a student to master a foreign language.
A. this
B. that
C. its
D. it
答案：D
解析：it 在本句中作为形式宾语。

意为“我认为掌握一门外语对学生来说是必需的。

”
2. 翻译：
我发现养成好的习惯很重要。

I find it very important for us to develop a good habit.
老师要我们担负保持教室干净的责任。

The teacher made it a duty to keep the classroom clean.
（答题时间：40分钟）
一、语法填空
A London-based translation firm is offering parents-to-be the chance to check the meaning of prospective baby names in other languages to avoid
causing their offspring future *1.__________ (embarrass). Celebrity couple Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes might have thought twice about naming 2. __________ daughter Suri if they *3. __________ (know) that it means “pickpocket” in Japanese, “turn sour” in French, and “horse mackerel”in Italian, suggests Today Translations.
4. __________ 1000 pounds ($ 1,678), the company’s linguists will carry out a “basic name translation audit”of names,
5. __________ (check) their meaning in 100 languages, or more for an additional cost.
While open to everyone, the firm said 6. __________ expects the service is likely to attract celebrity clients, who are known for giving their babies unusual names.
Other names of celebrities’ babies it has checked include Kai Rooney, the name of the newborn son of English soccer player Wayne Rooney, *7. __________ means “probably” in Finnish, “pier” in Estonian, and “stop it” in the west African language of Yoruba.
8. __________ musicians Gwen Stefani and Gavin Rossdale may have known Zuma meant “peace” in Arabic when 9. __________ (choose) their son’s name, they may not have been aware it also translates as “Lord frowns in anger” in the Aztec language of Nahuatl.
However, some unusual name choices of celebrities’ babies are beyond easy translation, the company admits, 10. __________ as Jermajesty—the name of Michael Jackson’s brother Jermaine’s son.
二、阅读理解
Which is much more significant to you when you are finding a job? Working experience or an advanced degree? Well, I believe diverse people have different answers. ______1______ Here are some reasons: Above all, most of jobs don’t require such a high degree, which means just some work, such as theoretical physics, archaeology, or literature,
needs high academic qualification. ______*2______ For example, when you are offering a department manager post, and there is a man who has already been a manager for three years but only has a master’s degree and an inexperienced person with a doctor’s degree, which one would you choose? Definitely the first one for the manager who doesn’t acquire a doctor’s degree but has rich working experience.
______3______ For instance, Bill Gates, who was the richest man in the world and one of the most successful merchants. What a wise choice when he decided to abandon studying so that he could gain more working experience instead of a doctor’s degree! Or Steve Paul Jobs, who discontinued his study at the age of nineteen in order to become a member of a computer company just like Bill Gates. ______4______ ______5______ Maybe you shouldn’t have to gain an advanced or high degree, but that doesn’t mean nothing. Probably a bachelor’s degree is still necessary in this fiercely competitive society.
All in all, I think rich working experience is much more important than an advanced degree.
A. However, a degree is still required for most people.
B. Meanwhile, rich working experience will draw more attention.
C. Secondly, plenty of experience will bring you success much earlier.
D. In my view, either working experience or an advanced degree counts.
E. As for me, I will say working experience without hesitation.
F. As a matter of fact, more people with rich working experience become successful.
G. From all of these, we can see that an advanced degree isn’t so necessary as working experience.
三、写作
假设你是某中学新老师李红，请给你的朋友张华写一封120词左右的信，告诉他你第一天上课的情况。

主要内容如下：
1. 描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；
2. 介绍你处理该事的方式；
3. 谈谈你的感想。

注意：可适当发挥，增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：讲台platform
1. embarrassment 考查词性转换。

空格前为形容词修饰语，而且此处是cause sb. sth.的结构，因此断定此处需要填名词，embarrass的名词形式为embarrassment。

2. their 结合语境考查形容词性物主代词。

名词前设空，答案首先考虑限定词，因为上文提到“Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes”，所以用their，意为“他们的女儿”。

此处表示“名人夫妇Tom Cruise和Katie Holmes要是知道Suri 这个名字在其他语言里的意义的话，他们也许会三思后再给他们的女儿起这个名字了”。

3. had known 结合语境考查虚拟语气。

由上文“might have thought”可知，条件句中应该用“had＋过去分词”。

4. For 考查介词。

此处for表示交换，此处表示公司给你提供名字方面的调查服务是要以收取一定的服务费为交换的。

5. checking考查现在分词作伴随状语。

文章中的“__5__ (check) their meaning in 100 languages”作伴随状语；设空处的动词与主句的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用check的现在分词形式。

6. it 考查代词的用法。

空格位于宾语从句的谓语动词之前，因此此处需要能作主语的名词或代词。

上文刚出现过the firm，所以此处用it来代替它。

7. which 考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。

此处which引导的定语从句是修饰Kai Rooney这个名字的，which在定语从句中作主语。

8. While/Although/Though 考查连词。

此处意为“尽管音乐家Gwen Stefani 和Gavin Rossdale也许知道Zuma在阿拉伯语中的意思是和平，但是他们也许不知道……”。

前后两个分句之间有逻辑上的让步关系，故此处应填While/Although/Though。

9. choosing 考查“连词＋分词”型省略句。

连词后设空且给出动词提示词，这时要首先考虑动词和句子主语的关系，若是主谓关系就用现在分词，此处主语和choose之间就是主谓关系。

10. such 结合语境考查such as的用法。

此处such as用于列举事物。

句意：该公司承认然而有些名人的孩子的名字不好翻译，例如迈克尔·杰克逊的哥哥的儿子的名字Jermajesty就不好翻译。

本文是一篇议论文，论述了工作经验是工作成功的最重要的因素这一论点。

1. E 根据空处位置可知，空处承上启下，根据该段第二句“Working experience or an advanced degree”可知，空处提出自己的观点并引出下文，故E项与此处匹配。

2. B 根据本段最后一句“Definitely the first one for the manager who doesn’t acquire a doctor’s degree but has rich working experience”并结合空后所列举的例子可知，该例旨在证明丰富的工作经验在应聘时更受欢迎，故B 项与此处匹配。

3. C 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的主题句；根据本段列举的比尔·盖茨放弃学业创业成功和乔布斯在十九岁时辍学这两个例子可以判断，本段旨在说明丰富的工作经验能促使人早日成功，故C项正确。

4. G 根据该空所在的位置可知，该空总结本段大意；由空前列举的比尔·盖茨和乔布斯这两个例子可以判断，高学历不如工作经验重要，故G项正确。

5. A 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的主题句；由本段最后一句“Probably a bachelor’s degree is still necessary in this fiercely competitive society”可知，在这个竞争激烈的社会中，学历仍然是有必要的。

据此可以判断，本段主要陈述学历对于大部分人来说还是需要的，故A项正确。

三、
参考范文
Dear Zhang Hua,
Long time no see! I miss you very much. Now I am so excited that I cannot wait to share with you an unforgettable experience. I gave my first lesson today, which left me a deep impression.
Seeing a young teacher enter the classroom, my students began to make more noise. I stood on the platform, feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do. Then I realised something must be done. I asked the kids whether they liked English songs. After taking a deep breath, I sang a song I had practised many times. To my surprise, all the kids were concentrating on my class later on.
How delighted I am now! Actually, whatever happens, we must stay calm first and then find a wise solution. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hong。