人教版八年级英语下册Unit-1--Unit-3-单元知识点归纳

人教版八年级英语下册Unit-1--Unit-3-单元知识点归纳
free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm.
free from
21. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。

人sb. run out of物sth..人用尽了某物。

He run out of all his money last night.
22.risk sth to do sth. 冒着...的风险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险
risk doing ...=take the risk of doing ...
23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English.
importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.
24.decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision to do sth.
decide
25. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中
26. 【复习】mind意为介意，Would you mind my opening the window?
27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily.
II. 重点短语
1. have a fever 发烧
2. have a cough 咳嗽
3. have a toothache 牙疼
4. talk too much 说得太多
5. drink enough water 喝足够的水
6. have a cold 受凉;感冒
7. have a stomachache 胃疼
8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛
10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片
14. take one’ s temperature量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末
19. in the same way 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着……走
22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救
24. without thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病
27. to one’ s surprise使....... 惊讶的28. thanks to 多亏了；由于29. in time 及时30. save a/one’s life挽救生命lose one's life 31. get into trouble 造成麻烦
32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从……出萍
35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
37. fa ll down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动
44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽
46. so that 以便47. so. . . that 如此… …以至于…
48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮
50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定
52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃
III. 重点语法
【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

【用法】
1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。

如：Maria bought herself a scarf.
We must look after ourselves very well.
2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。

如：She isn’t quite herself today.
3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。

如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.
I met the writer himself last week.
4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）. hurt oneself摔伤自己
say to oneself自言自语leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下
buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西introduce oneself 介绍……自己
【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。

如：我自己能完成作业。

（误）Myself can finish my homework.
(正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。

表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.
如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。

（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons.
(正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.
Unit2 单元总结
Ⅰ.词形
give--gave--given come--came--come put--put--put
make--made--made
set--set--set break--broke--broken take--took--taken
understand--understood--understood
strong--strongly feel--feeling own--owner able--disabled--unable difficult--difficulty different--difference k ind--kindness train--training--trainer Ⅱ.词组
1. clean up 清扫，打扫
2. cheer up（使）振作起来，高兴起来
3. put up张贴
4. call sb. up (= make a telephone call to sb.)给某人打电话
5. give out = hand out分发，发放
6. give away捐赠；赠送
7. give up 放弃
8. tell sb. about/of sth告诉某人关于某事
9. in an after-school study program在课外辅导活动中10. make a plan = plan 制定计划11. from now (on)从现在起12. make some notices发通知，发布通告
13. come up with… 提出，想出14. in an old people’s home在敬老院
15. help out with …帮忙解决某事16. read the newspaper to the old people给老年人读报
17. tell me the stories about the past给我讲关于过去的故事
18. used to do sth.过去常常做某事；曾经19. care for = take care of = look after 照顾，关爱
20. one day（过去或将来的）某一天21. some day（将来）总有一天
22. get his future dream job得到他理想中的工作23. hard work艰苦的工作
24. work hard努力工作25. such a strong feeling of satisfaction如此强烈的满足感26. get better康复27. the look of joy on their owner’s faces主人脸上快乐的表情
28. at the age of 在…岁时29. try out for…参加…选拔30. a dream come true梦想成真
31. at the same time 同时32. put off推迟，延期33. be busy with sth.忙于某事
34. be busy doing sth.忙于做某事35. worry about = be worried about担心…
36. make money = earn money赚钱37. raise mone y for…为…捐钱
38. in the free time在闲暇之余39. run out of 用完
40. take after = be similar to = look/be like 像…41. fix up修理，修缮
42. not … any more = no more不再43. write to sb. 给某人写信
44. feel/be lonely感到孤独45. a lonely village 一个偏僻的小乡村
46. travel alone (= by oneself = on one’s own) 独自旅行47. set up建立，创立
48. make it adj. for sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事…49. disabled people残疾人
50. make a big difference to …对…有很大影响51. make no difference to 对…没有影响
52. answer the telephone接电话
53. a friend of mine = one of my friends我的一个朋友（双重所有格）
54. be excited about…对…感到兴奋55. at once = right away= 立刻，马上56. send sb. sth = send sth. to sb. 寄（送）给某人某物57. best wishes 衷心的祝福
58. be strong in = do well in = be good at擅长做某事
59. work out fine产生好的结果；成功
60. in need 有需要地61. decide to do 决定做某事62. volunteer to do 义务做某事
重要语言点
1. not only … but (also) …不但…而且…用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以not only …but (also)…开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。

因此⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)….是倒装句。

也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。

如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.我不仅能做到而且做得最好。

⑵Not only…but (also)…接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化也就是就近原则如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。

②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。

常见的就近原则的结构有：
①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him.
②Either… or…不是…就是… (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student.
③Not only …but (also)…
④There/Here be
⑤... or...
2. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
3. run out 与 run out of
①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。

如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本
身就含有被动意义。

His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。

My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

②run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。

He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。

两者在一定条件下可以互换
如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了
= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

= We are running out of time. Ⅲ. 语法
ⅰ.动词不定式：
① To do sth is ... /It be adj.for/of sb. to do sth. (真正的主语)
② v.+ to do (作宾语)/make/think/find it adj. to do （真正的宾语）
③ v.+ sb.+ to do(作宾补)
④…to do （作状语，表目的、结果、原因等）
⑤作定语，放在所修饰的词的后面
⑥ what/how to do.(复合不定式)
ⅱ.动词短语：
①v.+ adv.(后跟名词、代词、动名词。

代词宾格放中间)
②v.+ prep.
③v.+ adv. + prep.
④v.+ n. + prep.
IV. 提供帮助的交际用语
1. What are you going to do when you see the hungry people?当看到饥饿的人，你将做什么？
2.What kind of volunteer work do you think you could do?你认为你能做哪种义务工作？
3. What would you like to do to help the homeless people?你想做什么帮助无家可归的人？
4. If you see these things or problems, what will you do?如果看到这些事情或问题，你将会做什么？
5. I’m going to set up a food bank/a charity to help the hungry people.我打算建立一个
食品救济站/一个慈善机构来帮助饥饿的人。

6. I will work outside.我将出去工作。

7. You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。

8. You could help kids with their schoolwork.你可以帮助孩子们学习功课。

9. You could start a Chinese History Club.你可以开办一个中国历史俱乐部。

Ⅳ.话题
本单元围绕“volunteering and charity”，向别人提供帮助。

写作中可用的重点句式：
①I’d like to volunteer to …（想从事的志愿工作)
②I’m strong in/I’m good at …（自己的兴趣和爱好）
③In my free time, I like to …., so I think I can do this job well. （自己的优点怎么有助
于做好该工作）
④I want to help ou t as a volunteer in your old people’s home/museum/… because I …
（做这件事的理由）
⑤I’m free to help in/on/at…（什么时间）
Unit Three 知识汇总
Ⅰ.词形
sweep--swept--swept throw--threw--thrown lend--lent--lent
drop--dropped- -dropped
depend--independent--independence develop--developed--developed--developing fair--fairness--unfair
II. 短语
1. make polite requests =make requests politely礼貌地发出请求
2. ask for permission 请求允许（许可）
3. clean your room 打扫你的房间
4. do chores 做杂活do chores at home 在家里做杂活
5. discuss with sb (about sth)=have a discussion with sb (about sth)和...讨论（某事）
6. do the dishes 洗餐具 6. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
7.fold the (one’s) clothes叠衣服8. sweep the floor扫地
9. make the (one’s)bed 整理床铺，铺床10. clean the living room打扫起居室
11. come over （to）过来，顺便来访... 12. All right 好吧！
13. Let’s see.咱们想想14. Let me see.让我想想15. no problem 没问题
16. go out for dinner 出去吃饭17stay out late 在外面待到很晚
18. go to the movies 去看电影19. get a ride 搭车
20. give sb a ride (to...) 让某人搭车（去...)
21. work on 从事22. finish doing sth. 完成做某事23. clean your room打扫你的房间
24. help sb out with sth帮助某人做... 25. at least 至少at most至多
26. come home from school/ work放学/下班回家27. be back from shopping 购物回来28. any time 随时29. see this mess看到这样乱30. read the story (for sb)为...读故事31. be angry with sb about sth （因某事）和某人生气32. solve the problem解决问题33. welcome sb.（to ...) 欢迎某人(到...来）34. throw down sth扔掉/下...
35. sit down in front of TV在电视机前坐下36. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步37. go out for a walk出去散步38. all the time 一直;总是39. all day/evening 整曰/夜40. do housework 做家务41. shout back 大声回应42. walk away 走开了
43. the next day第二天44.find the house clean and tidy 发现房子干净整洁的
45. share the housework 分担家务46. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
47. in surprise 惊讶地,吃惊地48. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
49. watch one show 观看一个节目50. hang out with sb和...闲逛
51. pass sb. sth=pass sth to sb 把某物传给某人52. borrow sth from sb(sp)从...借出...
53. lend sb. sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人54. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
55. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事56. hate (doing) sth讨厌（做）某事
57. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth帮助某人干某事58. bring a tent带顶帐篷来
59. buy some drinks and snacks买些饮料和小吃60. go to the store去商店
61. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会62. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
63. buy sth for sb=buy sb sth为...买... 64. be careful with sth小心使用某物
65. have enough stress from有来足够的来自...的压力
66. a waste of one’s time浪费某人的时间67. get good grades取得好成绩
68. get into a good university 进入一所好大学69. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
70. depend on依赖;依靠
71. There’s no need for sb to do sth对...来说，没必要做...
72. in order to为了,目的是=so that =in order that...
73. provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.为...提供...
74. develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立能力
75. look after/take care of/care for 照顾76. learn how to do sth.学习怎样做某事77. do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事78. keep it clean and tidy保持干净整洁
79. understand the idea of fairness 懂得公平意识80. have no idea =don’t know 不知道
81. as a result结果82. fall ill /be ill 生病
83. It’s fair for sb to do sth对某人来说，做...是公平的
III. 重点句型
1.表示请求的句型及应答语：
Could /will you please do sth？
肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Certainly./ Of course. / No problem/OK/All right/With pleasure.否定回答：Sorry, I can’t. I have to do sth/I’m going to do sth/I am doi ng sth
2.请求许可的句型及应答语：
Could I/we do sth?
肯定回答：Certainly./Of course./sure./ No problem
否定回答：No, yo u can’t.&说明理由。

3.There is (no )need for sb. to do sth.对某人来说有/没有必要做某事
4.It is not enough to do sth.做某事还不够
5.发表观点的句式：
I think that…./ I believe that…/ I agree that…/ I disagree that…/
I think it is fair for sb. to do sth. / I think it is unfair for sb. to do sth.
I think children should/ shouldn’t ….
6.try ( not) to do sth.
7.learn (how) to do sth.
8. sb. spend +时间+ (in) doing sth.= It takes sb.时间to do sth某人花费时间做某事
Sb. spend some money on sth.某人在某人/事上花费多少钱
Sb pay some money for sth.某人花多少钱买某物
Sth. cost sb. some momey.某物花费某人多少钱
Sth. cost some momey某物值多少钱
9. Neither +系动词/情态动词/ 助动词+ 主语：表示“……也不”
Neither A nor B + 动词(就近原则) : 表示” 既不…..也不…..”
Neither of + 名词复数/代词+动词单三: 表示”…（两者）中任何一个都不…”
IV. 重点语言点:
1. help out动词短语，表示在某人繁忙或遇到困难时“给予帮助”。

help和out之间还可以加入具体的“人”。

e.g. He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。

They helped (us) out with the clean-up.他们帮助我们做大扫除。

2.any minute now 一种常见的口语表达法，相当于“随时；马上；在任何时刻”的意思，表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼下就要发生。

minute还可以用second, moment, time等词替换。

e.g. Don’t worry, he will come here any minute now.
别担心, 他会马上来这儿。

3.take 有关的短语:
take out 带出去,取出Please take out a piece of paper.
take ...out “把……带出去” My father is tak ing me out to go for a drive.
(1)take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞
----Please take off your coat, It’s warm here.
---The plane took off at 9:00 am.
(2) take …to …把...带到...
(3) take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
(4) take exercise 运动，锻炼
(5) take one’s time 不用急，慢慢来
(6) take a bus(ship/train)乘坐公共汽车
(7) take turns 轮流，替换
(8) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
4. a few 少数；几个修饰可数名词复数表肯定
few 几乎没有的；很少的修饰可数名词复数表否定
a little 一点；少许修饰不可数名词，表肯定
little 几乎没有的；很少的修饰不可数名词，表否定
5.For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did
Nor/neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也不...
neither 用作副词，作“也不”解释，放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物，句子须采用部分倒装。

此时也可用nor替换neither 使用。

例如：
— I don’t like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。

— Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。

neither 用作代词，表示“两者都不，双方均不”。

例如：
He answered neither of the letters.他两封信都没回。

— Which one would you like? 你喜欢哪一个？
— Neither.两个都不喜欢。

neither...nor... 既不...也不eg:Neither you nor I am right.
So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也是如此
So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词(表示对上句情况的肯定或重复）某人确实如此。

如：Betty is a nice girl. So she is .
6.also, too, either, neither 的用法
1). also 是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。

它通常放在句中，位于行为动词之前，连系动词之后; 如有助动词或情态动词，一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。

例如:
Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有两个兄弟。

I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。

Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese. 格林夫人也能用汉语唱这首歌。

2). too 是普通用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。

一般用在肯定句和一般疑问句的句末。

例如:
I’m in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。

注意：also和too一般都用于肯定句，很少用于否定句。

3). either 表示“也”时，一般只用于否定句，且置于句末。

例如: I don’t know him. Tom doesn’t know him, either. 我不认识他，汤姆也不认识他。

If you don’t go there, he won’t go there, either. 如果你不去那儿，他也不会去那儿。

注意：either 本身没有否定的意义。

所以多与not 连用。

7. neither 表示“两个都不”，它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

例如：Neither of you can do it. 你们两个都不能做这件事。

8. It is the parents’job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
此处代词it仅为形式上的主语, 真正的主语是to provide … for their children。

我们也可将It is one’s job (duty, …) to do something.视为一个固定的句型, 表示“做某事是某人的工作(职责等)”。

如:I t’s every teacher’s job to explain things clearly to the students.把东西给学生讲明白是每一位老师应做的事情。

9. provide 作动词，意为“ 提供；供应”。

provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”。

如：The movie theater provides us with good service.
His school provided a house for him.
10. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.反正我觉得干点家务也不难。

anyway是一个副词, 若位于句首, 其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。

anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论, 相当于汉语的“反正; 仍然; 依然”。

如:
Sam d idn’t get the job, but he’s not unhappy because it didn’t pay well anyway.萨姆没有得到那份工作, 但他并没有闷闷不乐, 反正薪酬也不算高。

anyway还可用来表示“不管怎样; 无论如何”之意。

例如:
It’s just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor.这只不过是感冒, 但不管怎样, 你还是应该看看医生。

12. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立, 对他们的未来就越好。

“the+比较级+……, the+比较级+……”是英语中一个常用的句型结构, 表示“越……, 就越……”。

如:The more he explained, the better we understood.他解释得越多, 我们就理解得越透彻。

Many people believe that the more a person reads, the wiser he will become.很多人相信一个人书读得越多就会变得越聪明。

13.as soon as 一.....就.....,引导时间状语从句。

这个短语用的比较常用，口语和书面语都可以。

它的特点是，在句子中的位置比较灵活，而且可以用于各种时态。

例如：
I’ll write you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你来信。

（一般现在时）
As soon as I went in, Kate cried out with pleasure.
我一进门，Kate 就高兴的叫起来。

（一般过去时）
14. could与can的区别
could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。

二者都可用于表示请求。

但是用法稍有不同。

can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈，
上级对下级的场合；Can you tell us your story , Tony ?
could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈，下级对上级的场合。

Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia ?
15.borrow和lend都可译为“借”，但用法不同。

（1）borrow v. “借，借入；借用”. 常用结构为：
borrow sth. from sb.或borrow one’s sth.意为“向某人借某物”。

（2）lend v. “借出；借给”，常用结构为：lend sb. sth. 或lend sth. to sb. 意为“借给某人某物”。

（3）borrow和lend均为非延续性动词，若表达借某物多长时间时，不能用borrow 或lend, 而要用keep, 意为“保存；保留”。

16.develop/dɪˈveləp/verb发展；壮大
a developed country发达国家
a developing country发展中国家
17.drop verb（drops；dropping；dropped）（意外地）落下，掉下，使落下
Be careful not to drop that plate.小心别把盘子摔了。

I dropped my glasses and broke them. 我不小心把眼镜掉下来摔碎了
drop verb（drops；dropping；dropped）（使）变弱，降低，减少
The temperature dropped (to 50 degrees).温度下降了（到了50度）。

The team has dropped [=fallen] to third place. 这个队已降至第三名。

She dropped her voice .她压低了声音。