新概念英语第二册笔记新版：第52课

Lesson 52 A pretty carpet
【New words and expressions】（4）
temporarily adv. 暂时地
inch n. 英⼨（度量单位）
space n. 空间
actually adv. 实际上
★inch [IntF] n. 英⼨(度量单位)
foot 英尺(pl. feet ); mile 英⾥
★space [speis] n. 空间
注意读⾳浊化, 六个爆破⾳中有三个清辅⾳ [p t k] 在 [s] 后⾯是要浊化为对应的三个浊辅⾳ [b d ^] ⼜如 school [sku:l]
★actually [5AktFuElI] adv. 实际上
＝in fact
【Text】
We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'
参考译⽂
我们刚刚搬进⼀所新房⼦, 我⾟⾟苦苦地⼲了整整⼀个上午. 我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐, 但这并不容易, 因为我有1,000多本书. 更糟糕的是房间还⾮常⼩, 所以我暂时把书放在了地板上. 这会⼉, 书把地板的每⼀点空隙都占据了, 我实际上是踩着这些书进出房间的. ⼏分钟前, 我妹妹帮我把⼀个旧书橱抬上了楼. 她⾛进我的房间, 当她看到地板上的那些书时, ⼤吃⼀惊. “这是我见过的最漂亮的地毯,” 她说. 她盯着 “地毯” 看了⼀会⼉, ⼜说 : “你根本⽤不着书橱, 空闲时你可以坐在这⼉读地毯!”
【课⽂讲解】
1、We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.
现在完成进⾏时⽤来强调动作在某⼀段时间内⼀直在进⾏，⽽且动作有现在的结果。

现在完成时表⽰在漫长地时间段，过去发⽣的, 还⼀定要对现在产⽣影响；在过去发⽣的动作, ⼀直延续到现在，现在完成时, 动词⼀定是延续性动词
It has rained for half day.
It has been raining.
2、I have been trying to get my new room in order.
get sth. in order 使……有秩序，把……整理好(get 使役动词)
in order 整齐，井然有序，有秩序, 有次序
Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.
3、This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.
★own
① vt. 拥有
I own over a thousand books.
② vt. &vi. 承认
He owned to stealing the wallet.
He owned (that) he had made a mistake.
③ adj. ⾃⼰的
He has a car of his own.
He lives in his own house.
4、To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor.
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是……，插⼊语
I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark.
rather adj. 相当的
5、At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.
at the moment ＝ now 现在，此刻，⽬前
every inch 每⼀英⼨(夸张)
Gold covered every inch of the ground in America.
It is worth every penny of it.
6、A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮某⼈做某事(to 可省略)
help sb. with sth. 帮某⼈做某事
He help me to learn English.
He help me with my English.
with one’s help 在某⼈的帮助下
With your help i made great progress.
7、'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.
“I have ever seen” 做定语从句出现, 是级的标志
8、She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'
gazed at 对……向往, 羡慕
not at all 完全不，起强调作⽤
in one’s spare time 某⼈空闲的时候，spare表⽰“空闲的，多余的”
I like to read in my spare time.
Have you got a spare moment? 你（现在）有空吗？
【Key structures】　
现在完成时，现在完成进⾏时
现在完成时：have done，表⽰已完成的动作
现在完成进⾏时：have been doing，强调动作在某⼀段时间内⼀直在进⾏，⽽且动作现在有结果。

到现在为⽌，该动作可能已不再继续进⾏，也可能还在继续进⾏，这要根据上下⽂来确定。

句⼦中常含有all+表⽰时间的词语如all day，all morning等或for和since。

I have read the book. 书已看完
I have been reading the book. 还没看完, 还要继续
表⽰持续性的动词，如learn，lie，live，rain，sleep，stand，可以同since或for副词短语连⽤，也可⽤于以how long开头的疑问句中：
I’ve been working for Exxon for 15 years.
现在完成进⾏时还可以表⽰经常重复的动作：
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week.
与段时间连⽤可以⽤现在完成时, 也可以⽤现在完成进⾏时, 但跟次数连⽤的, ⼀定只能⽤完成时, 不能⽤现在完成进⾏时
He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock.
【语法精髓】
1、You should go to bed. You _____ (watch) TV for 5 hours.
2、I _____ (write) letters since breakfast.
3、I _____ (write) 3 letters since breakfast.
4、Sorry, but Mr.Smith _____ (leave) for Beijing.
5、I _____ (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?
1、have been watching/have watched
2、having been writing
3、have written
4、has left
和现在完成进⾏时连⽤的, ⼀定不能是次数；和现在完成进⾏时连⽤的动词, ⼀定不能是短暂动词，leave是瞬间动词
5、have been looking 通过 “where can he be?” 这句话可知⼈没找到, 还要继续找
【Special Difficulties】
形容词、相应的副词及其⽤法：
许多副词，特别是表⽰⽅式的副词，皆由形容词加-ly构成，如easy（容易的）/easyly（容易地），beautiful（漂亮
的）/beautifully（漂亮地）。

⼀些频度副词也如此构成，如usual（通常）/usually（通常地）。

还有少数⼏个表⽰程度及观点的副词也都以-ly结尾：high（⾼的）/highly（⾼度地），real（真的）/really（真正的）。

⼤多数形容词加 “ly” 变为副词 : 如 beautiful－－beautifully，但是不是所有的形容词都可以加ly(asleep)；不是所有的副词都⼀定以ly结尾(late)；不是所有的加ly的都是副词(lovely)
有些副词虽然由形容词加-ly构成，但在意义上与其相应的形容并不相同，如hard（勤奋的，困难的）/hardly（⼏乎
不），cold（冷的）/coldly（冷淡的），late（迟到的，晚的）/lately（最近，近来），near（近的，接近的）/nearly（⼏乎，差不多，差点⼉）。

有些副词有两种形式。

有的意义相同，如cheap（廉价的）/cheaply（廉价地），但有的意义不同如late（迟，晚）/lately（近来），hard（努⼒地，猛烈地）/hardly（⼏乎不）。

late 迟； lately adv. 近来(=recently)
hard 努⼒地(表⽰程度深), 困难地(=difficult) ；hardly⼏乎不
high⾼的，〈adv.>⾼度地；highly〈adv.> ⾼度地 (不能⽤尺度测量的, 抽象的)
deep 深的； deeply 〈adv.> 深度地 (不能⽤尺度测量的, 抽象的)
near 在旁边的；nearly 〈adv.> ⼏乎, 将近
有些副词在形式上与形容词相同，如fast，past，far等。

⼤多数⽅式副词的位置⼀般在宾语或动词前⾯，表⽰时间的副词常位于句尾，有时也可位于句⾸。

程度副词，如
almost，enough，hardly，nearly，quite，rather，too等，⼤部分⽤在它们所修饰的动词之前。

副词修饰动词(walk quickly), 形容词(very beautiful), 副词词性本⾝(very much), 还可以修饰句⼦
Quite and Quiet
quite adv. 完全，相当，很
I’m quite ready. 我已全准备好了。

Are you quite certain? 你敢完全肯定吗？
quiet adj. 安静的，平静的，静⽌的，寂静的
The sea was very quiet this morning. 今天上午上海很平静。

The house became quiet again when the children were gone.
【Multiple choice questions】
3 He has been working all morning and he ___c___hard.
a.still works
b.has still worked
c. is still working
d.still worked
still works ⼀般现在时是⼀种习惯
4 He's been trying to get his room in order. He wants to ___a___.
a.make it tidy
b. keep it tidy
c. made order
d. keep order
keep order 保持秩序
动词+宾语+形容词(做宾补)，此类动词常见的有 : get, keep, make, find (其中get make 是使役动词)
7 The writer ___c___bookcases.
a.needn't
b.needs not
c. doesn't need
d.isn't needing
needn’t 情态动词后⾯不能加动词
need not 实义动词后⾯不能加not，need 不⽤进⾏时态
10 He actually has to walk on them. He can't do ___c___.
a.else
b.different
c.otherwise
d.other
else⼀定放在不定代词和疑问代词后⾯anything else,anybody else,who else,what else等
different形容词, 动词后应加副词或名词做宾语, ⽽不是形容词
other形容词；the other代词
★otherwise
① conj. 否则, 不然
Hurry up, otherwise you will miss train.
② adj. 另外的, 其他⽅⾯的
③ adv. 另外, 否则, 不同地, 别的⽅式 (=differently)
12 You can sit here in your spare time. You can sit here when you're ___d___.
a.working
b.studying
c.not working
d.reading
spare time = not work
在考试时没上下⽂是答案为c；在本课⽂中应为d。