高中英语阅读理解(社会文化)常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析

高中英语阅读理解(社会文化)常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
The British live on a small island. They are surrounded by thesea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role intheir lives. After the development of large, ocean-going sailing ships in the fifteenthcentury, the sea became even more important to the country's development. Shipssetting sail from England determined to extend Britain's territories, its wealthand its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, peopleand new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the largest,most powerful navy in the world.
The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life thatthey even affected the language. Many English expressions we use today were originallynautical (航海的)terms, although most people no longer realize this. For example, people commonlydescribe an honest and fair business deal as being "above board". Thisexpression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest ship'sbusiness would be carried out below decks (below the boards) out of public view.On the other hand, honest business was always conducted on deck (above the boards),in the open where everyone could see what was going on.
"Pipe down!", meaning "Be quiet!", is anothercommon expression that has nautical origins. The ship's boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at theend of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.
Most native English speakers have heard the expression "notenough room to swing a cat", but few know that the "cat" does notrefer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail. The "cat" isactually a short form of "cat of nine tails" —a whip with nine, knotted(打结的) tails. A boatswain needed a lot of spacein order to swing the whip properly when lashing (鞭打) a poor sailor under his control!
（1）The British have been strongly influenced by the sea because ________.
A. they occupied more land around the world
B. they got more wealth from the sea
C. they live on an island surrounded by the sea
D. they had the largest navy ever
（2）If someone is open and above board, it means he is ________.
A. secretive
B. honest
C. cheerful
D. dishonest
（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Sailors need to go to sleep when they hear a whistle.
B. Sailors will be whipped if they do business below decks.
C. A poor sailor may be whipped nine times a day.
D. There is no spare room to raise cats on ships.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The business on British sailing ships.
B. The influence of British sailors' language on English.
C. The sailing history of England.
D. The sailing story of British sailors.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，英国作为一个岛国，四周环海，海洋在英国人的生活中起着重要的作用。

英国曾有着强大的海军。

一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术语丰富并影响着英语这门语言。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that t he sea has always played an important role in their lives.”可知，英国被海洋环绕，海对英国人的生活影响很大。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“…people commonly describe an honest and fair business deal as being “above board”可知，如果”一个诚实公正的人就会被认为是'above board'”。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The ship's boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.”可知船上的水手长会在一天结束的时候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手们表示应该安静下来睡觉了。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周环海，航海在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。

以此引入主题即水手们在航行时使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言所产生的影响。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Some international languages are widely used formany purposes. Some minority languages will die out and some nations tend tokeep minority languages. I reckon that most common used internationallanguages ease our life quality and communication with different nationalities.On the other hand, we need to help improve minority languages.
There are many languages in the entire world buttwo or three minority languages die out each year. Some countries try to savedying languages. For instance, Australian Government created a project to savethe language and culture of Maori who are Australian aborigines. And there areother projects to keep minority languages such as American Indian language.
However, the worldwide job market usuallyrequires candidates who can speak English or other international languages.People who cannot speak lingua franca (共通语) could hardly be promotedat work. For example, some companies need an employee who can deal with
foreigncompanies. So most people tend to learn at least one international languagethat helps them to find a better job.
Therefore, world needs one common lingua francathat should be spoken in any country. Consequently, one common language shouldbe a required subject in every school. So anyone speaking one common languagecan travel without worries to any point of the world and trade their products. Peoplewill not be forced to learn many languages.
In conclusion, we should help minority nationsto keep their languages for the cultural diversity. To ease the worldwidecommunication among nations, we should create a common language and providecourses of it. As a result, no one will face a language issue.
（1）What does the underlined word “reckon” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Deny.
B. Fear.
C. Ignore.
D. Think.
（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Not all minority languages are useful.
B. Some minority languages have died out.
C. Maori is attractive to Australian tourists.
D. American Indian language is well preserved.（3）Why do most people study more international languages?
A. It benefits their journey.
B. They can earn more money.
C. It does good to find a good job.
D. They are eager to get promoted.
（4）How can we stay away from language problems?
A. By learning a common language.
B. By wiping out minority languages.
C. By studying more languages at college.
D. By communicating more with foreigners.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一些国际语言被广泛用于许多目的，多数人学习更多的国际语言是为了找到一份好工作。

作者建议通过学习一种共同的语言来解决语言问题。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“Some minority languages will die out and some nations tend to keep minority languages. ”一些少数民族语言消亡，一些国家倾向于保持少数民族语言。

”I reckon that most common used international languages ease our life quality and communication with dif ferent nationalities.”我认为最常用的国际语言缓解我们的生活质量和与不同民族的沟通。

由上下文联系推知划线词的意思是“想，认为”。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“There are many languages in the entire world but two or three minority languages die out each year.”可知一些少数民族的语言已经灭绝。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“So most people tend to learn at least one international language that helps them to find a better job.”多数人学习更多的国际语言是为了找到一份好
工作。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“To ease the worldwide communication among nations, we should create a common language and provide courses of it. As a result, no one will face a language issue.”可知通过学习一种共同的语言来解决语言问题。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Spending Christmas in a foreign country can be a truly eye-opening experience, especially since it's easy to believe that as a worldwide festival, most countries probably celebrate it in a fairly similar manner. Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold. In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion.
With celebrations beginning on 7 December, Columbia is recognized as having the longest Christmas celebrations period in the world. The celebrations generally begin in the evening with the lighting of candles, either in the streets, parks or outside people's homes. Cities are lit up by candles, as this day marks the beginning of the Christmas period. Although decorations have been up since early November, another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at home.
Probably the biggest surprise for me has been the music people listen to during the Christmas period. At first, you could easily mistake these songs for the classic salsa, which is played all year round. However, after asking a Colombian if it really felt like Christmas music, they explained to me that the songs are loved more for the memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memories of years gone past.
Being in a country like Colombia during this festive period has taught me that you don't need to be religious to take part in these Christmas traditions.
（1）What's the authors opinion of Christmas?
A.It isn't a global festival.
B.It isn't a time for being alone.
C.It is mainly devoted to religion.
D.It's celebrated only in some places.
（2）What can we learn about the Christmas music?
A.It is celebrated in the same way as in the UK.
B.It is celebrated mainly as a religious festival.
C.It is celebrated for nine days or so.
D.It is celebrated with lanterns and fireworks.
（3）What do Colombians do during the Christmas celebration period?
A.Enjoy traditional foods.
B.Go to the church together.
C.Learn abut home decorations.
D.Have a one-month-long holiday.
（4）Colombians love the songs mainly because ______.
A.they sound extremely wonderful
B.they express best wishes for the future
C.they represent good memories of the past
D.they have been passed down for generations
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在哥伦比亚圣诞节的意义及人们的庆祝方式。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold.”可知在作者眼里，圣诞节意味着与家人和朋友共度时光，交换礼物，吃喝玩乐。

圣诞节是团聚的时间不是独处的时间。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion.”可知在哥伦比亚，圣诞节更多的是作为宗教节日被庆祝的，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at home. ”可知在哥伦比亚，家人和朋友团聚祈祷，唱歌，共享传统食物。

故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“the songs are loved more for the memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memories of years gone past.”可知哥伦比亚圣诞音乐让人喜爱是因为它们所象征的记忆，是要保持对过去岁月的美好记忆。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
BEIJING/SAO PAULO-Chinese traditions like cockfighting like-flying and fireworks have been quite common in Brazil for many years.
Despite the thousands of kilometers between them, China's historical and artistic mark on Brazil has existed for about 300 years, said Brazilian sinologist (汉学家) Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite in his book China in Brazil. "Influences from China can date from the colonial period, even up to the time after after Brazil's independence." The commercial relationship between the two
countries has existed for a long time, he noted, adding that incoming ships would fill up Brazilian cities like Salvador, Rio de Janeiro and Recife with Chinese products like porcelain (瓷器), silk and fans He also found Chinese influence not only in the arts and architecture of Brazil but also in the most diverse areas of Brazilian society, like the economy, medicine and popular culture. "At the end of the 19th century, in Pernambuco, (a state in northeastern Brazil), there was a custom that children slept with clothes decorated with Chinese dragons." Teixeira added.
The book took him about 15 years to finish. "The impact of the book surprised me, though it was published by a university publisher and it had a print run of just 1,000 copies," he said. "Some have said that the book represents a turning point in Chinese studies in Brazil."
Besides, the sinologist did research on the mark and presence of China in the architecture and arts of Brazil. "It was through art that China awoke in me, first, curiosity, after that, interest, and finally, passion," Teixeira said.
In 1992, the sinologist visited Macao to do research for his doctoral thesis about the marks and presence of China in Brazil, and that trip impressed him a lot. In 2013, Teixeira had a chance to visit the Chinese cities of Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, and got to know "the past and present of the great country culturally, as well as its incredible material development."
（1）What does the underlined sentence imply?
A.Brazilian children's love for dragons as Chinese children.
B.The development of China-Brazil frequent trade cooperation.
C.A further understanding of the cultures of the two countries.
D.China's influence on most diverse areas of Brazilian society.
（2）What marks a new stage of Chinese studies for Brazilian?
A.Children's clothes.
B.The sinologist's traveling.
C.The sinologist's book.
D.China's porcelain.
（3）What fired the sinologist's passion for Chinese studies?
A.Chinese art.
B.Chinese customs.
C.The history of China.
D.China's development.
（4）What is the best title for this passage?
A.The Impression of China on Sinologist.
B.China and Brazil in Eyes of Sinologist
C.An Introduction to Sinologist's New Book
D.The Future of China-Brazil Trade Relations
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了巴西汉学家Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite眼中的
中国和巴西。

（1）考查句义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Influences from China can date from the colonial period, ev en up to the time after after Brazil's independence.”可知中国的影响可以追溯到殖民地时代，甚至到巴西独立之后。

从画线句所在的句子“At the end of the 19th century, in Pernambuco,（a state in northeastern Brazil）, there was a custom that children slept with clothes decorated with Chinese dragons．可知19世纪末，在巴西东北部的一个州，伯南布哥，有一个习俗，孩子们睡在装饰有中国龙的衣服上。

因此，划线句子显示的是中国对巴西社会各个领域的影响。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的"‘The impact of the book surprised me, though it was published by a university publisher and it had a print run of just 1,000 copies, ’ he said. ‘Some have said th at the book represents a turning point in Chinese studies in Brazil.’"可知这本书的影响令我吃惊，尽管它是由一家大学出版社出版的，印刷量只有1000册。

有人说这本书代表了巴西中国研究的一个转折点。

因此，这本书标志着巴西人的汉语研究进入了一个新的阶段。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"‘It was through art that China awoke in me, first, curiosity, after tha t, interest, and finally, passion,’ Teixeira said.”可知正是通过艺术，中国在我心中觉醒，首先是好奇心，然后是兴趣，最后是激情，特谢拉说。

因此，是艺术激发了这位汉学家对中国研究的热情。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，巴西汉学家Jose Roberto Teixeira Leite从艺术，商业，经济，医学，文化，建筑等方面介绍了中国对巴西的影响。

所以短文的最佳标题为“汉学家眼中的中国和巴西”。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Americans gave nearly $300 billion away last year. Do you know the reason? Beyond the noble goals of helping others, it is that giving will make them happier.
It is a fact that givers are happier people than non-givers. According to the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, a survey of 30,000 American households, people who give money to charity are 43% more likely than non-givers to say they are "very happy" about their lives. Similarly, volunteers are 42% more likely to be very happy then non-volunteers.
The happiness difference between givers and non-givers is not due to differences in their personal characteristics, such as income or religion. Imagine two people who are identical in terms of income and faith, as well as age, education, politics, sex, and family circumstances, but one donates money and volunteers, while the other does not. The giver will be, on average, over
40 percentage points more likely to be very happy than the non-givers.
A number of studies have researched exactly why charity leads to happiness. The surprising conclusion is that giving affects our brain chemistry. For example, people who give often report feelings of euphoria, which psychologists have referred to as the "Helper's High". They believe
that charitable activity produces a very mild version of the sensations people get from drugs like morphine and heroin.
Of course, not only does giving increase our happiness, but also our happiness increases the possibility that we will give. Everyone prefers to give more when they are happy. Researchers have investigated this by conducting experiments in which people are asked about their happiness before and after they participate in a charitable activity, such as volunteering to help children or serving meals to the poor. The result is clear that giving has a strong, positive causal impact on our happiness, so does happiness on giving
（1）According to Paragraph 2. We can learn that .
A. only those people who gave money to charity will be happy
B. more givers say they feel having happy lives than non-givers
C. those who donate money are happier than those who volunteer
D. 42% of the volunteers say they are as happy as the non-volunteers
（2）What causes the happiness difference?
A. Income.
B. Faith.
C. Education.
D. Donation.
（3）If a person feels happy, he may .
A. ask for more donations
B. stop charitable activity
C. be likely to give more.
D. cook food for the poor
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国人爱做慈善，因为给予别人帮助比得到帮助更让人快乐。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“peo ple who give money to charity are 43% more likely than non-givers to say they are ‘very happy’ about their lives.”可知给予者比得到帮助者更快乐。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段年龄，性别，收入，信仰，家庭环境都相同的两个人，总是向慈善机构捐钱的那个人，更快乐。

可知是捐赠和给予影响一个人的快乐。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“not only does giving i ncrease our happiness, but also our happiness increases the possibility that we will give.”一个人越快乐就越愿意去捐赠，去帮助别人。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Going back to school can be an anxious time for many students. But one institution in Texas is doing its part to make sure middle schoolers are returning refreshed and inspired to learn. Through a process called the "bathroom inspiration project," teachers and administrators at Warren Middle School, spent their summer beautifying the school's restrooms by painting motivational murals (壁画) on each of the stalls (小隔间).Forming messages like "Your mistakes
don't define you" and "Scatter (撒播) kindness," the brightly colored words are exactly what a young student needs to see when having a rough day-or any school day for that matter. And now that classes are officially in session, people are already noticing a positive impact.
Since posting photos of upgrades to the school in July, Principal Joshua Garcia says that the alterations have aroused a great response.
"Students have been talking about the murals from the moment the pictures had been posted. Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the campus to see the murals," he says. "I think what makes this small little action so valuable is that it has set the tone for our campus." And not only is that important to students, parents, and fellow staff, but it is also vital for the school's new principal, who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary for schools.
"Being new to the campus, I think the parents were able to see how much I value their children and have their best interest at heart," Garcia continues. "I have had many parents tell me how they can just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their children wanting to come here. These murals have put trust back in the campus and its teachers, and by doing so we are able to build a culture in which our students want to be here and learn."（1）What has happened at Warren Middle School?
A.Painting has become popular among most students.
B.Some students have suffered great anxiety at school.
C.Its toilets have been beautified with inspiring words.
D.Motivational murals have been made in each classroom.
（2）What does the underlined word "alterations" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Rules
B.Arguments
C.Changes
D.Opportunities
（3）What's students and parents' attitude toward those murals?
A.Negative
B.Ambiguous
C.Uninterested
D.Supportive
（4）What does Garcia intend to do according to the text?
A.Reduce increasing anxiety.
B.Build an artistic atmosphere.
C.Create a trusting environment.
D.Introduce a new culture to society.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，德克萨斯州的一所中学绘制卫生间文化墙，用正能
量的语言激励学生，从而获得学生和家长的一致好评。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Through a process called the‘bathroom inspiration project,’ teachers and administrators at Warren Middle School, spent their summer beautifying the school's restrooms by painting motivational murals on each of the stalls Forming messages like ‘Your mistakes don't define you’and‘Scatter kindness,’"可知，该中学用励志语言美化了卫生间的每一个小隔间。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“doing its part to make sure middle schoolers are returning refreshed and inspired to learn,”以及本段划线单词前面的Since posting photos of upgrades to the school和后面的have aroused a great response 可推知，该校别具一格的特色改变引起了大家的关注。

故alterations在此意为“改变”。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Students have been talking about the murals from the moment the pictures had been posted. Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the campus to see the murals ”以及最后一段中的“I have had many parents tell me how they can just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their children wanting to come here ”可推知，学生和家长对学校的这一举措持支持态度。

故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“it is also vital for the school's new principal, who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary or schools”以及最后一段中Garcia所说的“These murals have put trust back in the campus ”可推知，校长Garcia希望创建一个家长对学校充满信任的大环境。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
For all the pressures and rewards of regionalization (地区化) and globalization, local identities remain the most deeply impressed. Even if the end result of globalization is to make the world smaller, its scope seems to foster the need for more private local connections among many individuals. As Bernard Poignant, mayor of the town of Quimper in Brittany, told the Washington Post, "Man is a fragile animal and he needs his close attachments. The more open the world becomes, the more ties there will be to one's roots and one's land."
In most communities, local languages such as Poignant's Breton serve a strong symbolic function as a clear mark of "authenticity (原真性)". The sum total of a community's shared historical experience, authenticity reflects a noticeable line from a culturally idealized past to the present, carried by the language and traditions associated with the community's origins. A concern for authenticity leads most secular (世俗的) Israelis to defend Hebrew among themselves while also acquiring English and even Arabic. The same obsession with authenticity drives Hasidic Jews in Israel or the Diaspora to champion Yiddish while also learning Hebrew and English. In each case, authenticity amounts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the "threat" that
globalization seems to present to these historical values. Scholars may argue that cultural identities change over time in response to specific reward systems. But locals often resist such explanation and defend authenticity and local mother tongues against the perceived threat of globalization with near religious eagerness.
As a result, never before in history have there been as many standardized languages as there are today: roughly 1,200. Many smaller languages, even those with far fewer than one million speakers, have benefited from state-sponsored or voluntary preservation movements. On the most informal level, communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American languages to younger generations. In the Basque, Catalan, and Galician regions of Spain, such movements are fiercely political and frequently involved loyal resistance to the Spanish government over political and linguistic rights. Projects have ranged from a campaign to print Spanish money in the four official languages of the state to the creation of language immersion nursery and primary schools. Zapatistas in Mexico are championing the revival of Mayan languages in an equally political campaign for local autonomy.
In addition to causing the feeling of the subjective importance of local roots, supporters of local languages defend their continued use on practical grounds. Local tongues foster higher levels of school success, higher degrees of participation in local government, more informed citizenship, and better knowledge of one's own culture, history, and faith. Government and relief agencies can also use local languages to spread information about industrial and agricultural techniques as well as modern health care to diverse audiences. Development workers in West Africa, for example, have found that the best way to teach the vast number of farmers with little or no formal education how to sow and rotate crops for higher yields is in these local tongues. Nevertheless, both regionalization and globalization require that more and more speakers of local languages be multi-literate.
（1）In paragraph 1, the author quoted a mayor's word to show that globalization ________.
A. strengthens local identities
B. weakens regionalization
C. strengthens individualism
D. weakens local attachments
（2）The influence of globalization on authenticity is that it ________.
A. weakens the authority of authenticity
B. prevents the development of authenticity
C. enhances the importance of authenticity
D. promotes the maturity of authenticity
（3）In terms of campaigns for language protection, America differs from Spain and Mexico in that ______.
A. its volunteers have enough sponsorship from the state.
B. its locals are not interested in finding native Americans.
C. its youths are eager to pass on the local traditions.
D. its movements are not political.
（4）Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Practically, local languages are less used than English.
B. Local languages are more important in daily life.
C. The smaller the world is, the more united the locals are.
D. The relation between localization and globalization is double-win.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对于区域化和全球化的所有压力及其回报来说，本地的认同还是最关键的。

即使全球化的最终结果是促使世界变小了，这一能力依然促进了众多个体最初在本土相连的需求。

世界越是变得开放，其本源与本土的连接就会越紧密。

文章列举了当地文化的现状及各国采取的保护措施。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段得知，作者用引用的句子是为了说明全球化让世界越变越小，但它也促使个体之间更加亲密，增加了地方认同。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“In each case, au thenticity amounts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the "threat" that globalization seems to present to these historical values.”可知，全球化对真实性的影响是增强了真实性的重要性。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American languages to younger generations.”阿拉斯加和美国西北部的社区已经形成了互联网讨论会来保护语言，而西班牙和墨西哥通过政治活动保护语言。

故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段可知，地方语言的众多用处，但并没有明确比较地方语言和英语在实际应用方面孰多孰少。

A项表述错误。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they report each day's events. In other words, there is a traditional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard patterns" of the newsroom seem foreign to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and。