【词汇讲解】Unit3Usinglanguage重点词汇精讲

【词汇讲解】Unit 3 Using language重点词汇精讲
1. seeing Henry’s poor appearance
看着亨利那副穷酸样
◆appearance /ə'piərəns/
n. outward or visible aspect of a person or thing外表；出现，到场
e.g. I don't want to go to the party but I'd better put in an appearance, I suppose.
我不想参加那个聚会, 可是我最好还是要露一下面。

The journal makes its appearance once two months. 这本刊物两个月出版一次。

词汇派生appear vi. 出现
同类辨析appearance，look与aspect的区别
(1)appearance 和look 都指“人或物的外表”；appearance 在指人时，往往包括衣着；而在指一般事物时，往往含有外表和实质不一致的概念。

e.g. His appearance is very neat. 他外表很整洁。

Do not judge according to the appearance. 不要从事物的外表来判断。

(2)look 指人时，用复数，指“相貌”、“容貌”。

用单数，指“表情”、“神色”；而look 在指一般事物时，不含有外表和实质不一致的意思。

e.g. Never judge a man by his looks. 不要从貌取人。

There was a look of suppressed anger on his face. 他脸上露出一种抑制怒气的表情。

I don’t like the look of the affair. 这件事看起来很可疑。

(3) aspect 也指“外表”，尤指“面部表情”或“在特定的时间、地点的特点”。

e.g.In spring the yard has a freshening aspect. 春天，院子里呈现出一派清新的景象。

典例精析T he wild goats’ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of a better environment.
A. escape
B. absence
C. attendance
D. appearance
解析：答案选D。

句意为：野生山羊在广袤草原的出现是更好环境的表现。

appearance 表示“出现”；escape表示“逃脱”；absense表示“缺席”；attendance表示“参加”。

2. I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money.
恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。

◆amount /ə'maunt/
n. a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers数量
e.g. A large amount of information is yet to be found about the growth of the plant.
这种植物在生长方面还有大量的情况有待发现。

We need a small amount of fuel. 我们需要少量的燃料。

思维拓展a large amount of = amounts of 大量；许多
指点迷津large amounts of 也可修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语要用复数。

e.g. Large amounts of time were wasted. 大量的时间被浪费了。

特别提示表示“许多；大量”之意，用来修饰名词的词和词组可以分为三类：
(1)后面只跟可数名词：many, many a, a great/good many (of), scores of, a great / good / large
number of, numbers of
(2)后面只跟不可数名词：much, a great/good deal of, a large/great amount of, large/great
amounts of
(3)后面跟可数或不可数名词：lots of / a lot of, plenty of, a large / great quantity of, large /
great quantities of
典例精析It took _________ people as well as __________ time to build the Great Wall.
A. a large number of; a great many
B. a large amount of; a great deal of
C. a great many; a large amount of
D. a great many of; large amounts of
解析：答案选C。

people是可数名词因此用a great many或a large number of修饰；time 是不可数名词，因此用a large amount of或者amounts of修饰。

3. Well, it is well-known that Americans like to eat a lot.
美国人喜欢吃得多，这是大家知道的。

It is well-known that…是一个习惯句型。

it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。

e.g. It is well-known that Taiwan is part of China．众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。

指点迷津此句式也可改变为“As is well-known, Taiwan is part of China.”。

此时as是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。

上句也可改为“What is well-known is that Taiwan is part of China”。

这时What引导主语从句。

4. Well, we’ll have to take a chance.
哦，我们得冒点风险。

◆take a chance冒险
e.g. We mustn't take chances; we’d better play safe. 我们一定不要冒险，我们最好求稳。

If in doubt, don’t take a chance. 如果没有把握就不要冒险。

思维拓展give sb. a chance给某人一次机会have a chance of (doing)sth．有机会做某事by chance碰巧；偶然地by any chance或许；可能
no chance不可能
典例精析I wish I ________ a chance to talk with you about my writing before you left.
A. have
B. had
C. had had
D. will have
解析：答案选B。

wish后面用虚拟语气，have a chance表示“有……机会”。

5. (in a rude manner) What’s there to waiter for?
（很不耐烦地）还等什么？
◆rude /ru:d/
adj. socially incorrect in behavior粗鲁的；无礼的
e.g. Don’t be so rude to your parents! 别对你的父母这么没礼貌！
How dare you say such rude words? 你怎么敢说这样粗鲁的话？
短语搭配be rude to sb.对某人很无礼；对某人粗鲁
be rude about sth.对……无礼；对……横加指责
词汇派生rudely adv.粗鲁地；无礼地；猛烈地；突然地rudeness n. 粗鲁；无礼
◆manner / 'mænə/
n. a way of acting or behaving方式，方法；举止，态度；(pl. manners礼貌，礼仪)
e.g. She answered in a businesslike manner. 她回答时显出一副公事公办的样子
The manner in which the decision was announced was extremely regrettable.
宣布决定的方式非常令人遗憾。

His manner was polite but cool. 他举止彬彬有礼而又冷漠。

同类辨析manner，way，means与method的区别
(1)manner指“行为的特殊方式或独特的个人方法”。

e.g.in the western manner以西方方式的；
in a manner of speaking=in a way从一定程度上来说，从某种意义上来说
(2)way常指“一般方式，方法”。

e.g.in this way用这种方法。

That’s not the right way to hold a pair of scissors.那样拿剪子不对。

(3)means多指抽象或概念性意义的“手段；方法”。

e.g.by this means用这种方法
Television is an effective means of communication. 电视是一种有效的通迅手段。

(4)method侧重指为达到目的或解决问题而采取的有系统、有步骤的方法，强调方法的准
确有效。

e.g.with this method用这种方法
典例精析I t is ______ to stare at people.
A. a good manner
B. bad manner
C. bad manners
D. a bad behaviour
解析：答案选C。

表示礼貌用复数manners。

A指好方法，behaviour在表示行为，举止，礼貌时为不可数名词。

句意：盯着别人看是不礼貌的。

6. the hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her month
女老板尖叫起来，其他顾客都看着她，于是，她用手捂住嘴巴
◆scream / skri:m/
(1) vi. utter or declare in a very loud voice尖声叫
e.g. The boy was screaming with pain. 这男孩痛得尖叫起来。

(2)n. 尖叫声；喊叫声
e.g. She let out a scream of terror.她发出恐怖的叫喊。

短语搭配scream out (for sth.)亟待；亟需scream out in / with sth. 因……而尖叫同类辨析cry, scram与shout的区别
①cry为普通用词，指由于高兴、惊恐、悲愤、痛苦等而本能的叫喊，也可指动物的叫声。

e.g. “Run! Run!” cried the citizens as the enemy soldiers entered the ciry.
敌军进城时，市民们喊着“快逃！快逃！”
②scream响亮刺耳的尖叫，大声疾呼。

该词也可用于比喻，形容某物发出刺耳或让人听
着不舒服的声音，如飞机、炮弹、警报器等。

e.g. She screamed for help when she saw a boy fall into the river.
她看到一个男孩掉进河里时，尖声呼救。

As the bombs came screaming down, the villagers tried to take shelter.
当炮弹呼啸着落下时，村民们都设法躲避。

③shout与cry一样，为普通用词，但多用于人，一般指提高嗓音以使声音传得远或压倒
别人的声音。

e.g. The peddlers shouted their wares with a cry which was like the howl of a wol
f.
货郎们以一种类似狼嗥的声音叫卖着。

7. But he’s in rags.
但是他穿得破破烂烂的！
◆in rags衣衫槛褛
e.g. The old man is dressed in rags. He must be a beggar. 那老人衣衫褴褛，一定是个乞丐。

When I managed to escape from that cave a week later, my clothes were all in rags.
当我一周以后从那个山洞中逃出来时，我已经衣衫褴褛了
典例精析Walking in the street, I often see beggars ______.
A. in rags
B. in rag
C. on rags
D. on rag
解析：答案选A。

in rags是固定短语表示“衣衫褴褛”。

8. as if he has discovered something for the first time.
如梦初醒似的
◆for the first time第一次
e.g. For the first time, we experienced defeat. 第一次，我们经历失败。

I have been to Beijing for the first time．这是我第一次来北京。

思维拓展for the first time与the first time
（l）for the first time 为介词短语，作状语。

（2）the first time引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……的时候”。

e.g. The first time I saw him, I fall in love with him.我第一次见到他就爱上了他。

典例精析By no means _____ to your parents.
A. is this the first time you are lying
B. this is the first time you have lied
C. this is the first time you tell a lie
D. is this the first time you have lied
解析：答案选D。

by no means “决不”，表否定意义放在句首，句子用倒状句。

This is the first time …的句型中常用完成时态。

9. Indeed, sir, I hope you’ll come here whenever you like.
先生，真的，我希望你随时光临。

whenever you like是让步状语从句，意为“无论什么时候你喜欢”。

其中的whenever意为“无论什么时候”，属于“疑问词＋ever”结构。

思维拓展疑问词后面都可接ever表示“无论……”，它们的用法归纳如下：
（l）引导状语从句。

whatever，whoever，whichever，wherever，whenever等疑问词，可引导状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”。

在口语中还可用“no matter + wh-”来代替。

e.g. Whenever we come here we see someone we know. 我们每次来这里都会见到熟人。

（2）引导主语从句或宾语从句。

whoever，whatever，whichever，however可引导主语从句或宾语从句。

此时whoever = anyone who，whatever = anything that。

注意这时不用“no matter + wh-”形式。

e.g. You can ask whoever you like to help you.你可以邀请任何一位你喜欢的人来帮助你。

典例精析Mr Cooper wanted to buy the house and he told me that ______ the house cost, it
would be ______ it.
A. however; worthy
B. how many; worth
C. whatever; worth
D. what; worthy
解析：答案选C。

whatever the house cost“不论房子值多少钱”。

其它选项在句法和句意上都不符合题意。

10. As for the bill, sir, please forget it.
至于说账单吗，先生，请把它忘了吧。

◆as for关于；至于
e.g. As for the cost, that will be very little.至于费用，那就微不足道了。

思维拓展(l)as for“至于，就……而论”，常用来对已经谈过的事情作进一步的说明或引起人们对句中所谈的事情的注意。

其后可接名词、代词、动名词。

e.g. As for Tom, he did quite well. 至于汤姆，他做得不错。

As for food for the party, that’s all being taken care of.
关于聚会要用的食物，都在置办当中。

(2)as to “至于；关于”，常用于表示争论或作出决定，其后可接宾语从句。

e.g. He’s very uncertain as to whether it’s the right job for him.
关于他是否适合做这项工作，他实在拿不准。