感叹句与祈使句

一.祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。

因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。

祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。

在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。

祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。

例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！
Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。

二.祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：
1.行为动词原形＋其它成分。

例如：
Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。

2. Be动词＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。

例如：
Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。

3. Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其它成分。

例如：
Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。

三.祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成Don’t＋行为动词原形＋其它成分。

例如：Don’t say that again!别再那样说了！
2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成Don’t be＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。

例如：Don’t be careless.不要粗心。

注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。

3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。

(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。

例如：
Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. ＝Let me not go with her tomorrow.
不要让我明天跟她一起去。

Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.
无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。

4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No＋名词/V-ing形式结构，表示『禁止做某事』。

例如：NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！
四.祈使句的反意问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。

通常有以下三种形式：
1.祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。

例如：
Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2.祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。

例如：
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其它均用will you。

例如：Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
五.祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。

在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是『形式一致』，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。

二是『意思相反』，即Yes是『不』的意思；No是『是』的意思。

在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。

例如：
--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.
请不要出去。

外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。

六.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。

如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。

例如：
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。

Hurry up, or we」ll be late.快点，否则我们要迟到了。

七.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。

例如：
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.
如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。

八.祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。

例如：Do shut up!快住口
单项选择
1. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down
B. to turn it down
C. turn down it
D. to turn down it
2. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be
B. Don't be
C. Not be
D. Be not
3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not
B. Won't
C. Doesn't
D. Don't
4. Please help me carry it, ______?
A. will I
B. will you
C. shall I
D. shall we
5. Don't make so much noise, ______?
A. will you
B. won't you
C. shall we
D. do you
6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?
A. stand
B. to stand
C. standing
D. stood
7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring
B. brings
C. to bring
D. bringing
8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling
B. To tell
C. Told
D. Tell
9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.
A. Name
B. named
C. naming
D. to name
10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?
A. swim
B. swimming
C. swam
D. swims
11. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）
12. If you don't listen to me, I' won’t go. （改为同义句）
_____ _____ me, or I' won’t go.
13. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）
Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?
14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）
_____ _____careless, please.
15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）
_____ _____ next to Nancy.
16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）
Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?
17. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）
_____ _____, or you'll die.
18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）
Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?
感叹句指的就是用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。

如：
Wonderful! 真棒!
Good heavens! 天哪!
How cold it is! 天气多冷呀!
How fast he drives! 他开得有真快!
英语的感叹句通常以how和what开头，其中what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。

根据感叹句的不同结构，我们可以将它归纳为以下句型（其中的“主语+谓语”通常可以省略）：
句型一：What +名词+主语+谓语！
What a shame! 真倒霉!
What a surprise! 真是没料到的事!
What fools they are! 他们多傻啊!
What nonsense! 真是胡说八道!
注意：如果是单数名词，其前必须要有不定冠词；如果是不可数名词或复数名词，则其前不用不定冠词。

由于第一、二句中的shame和surprise均为可数名词，其前面用了不定冠词；而第三句中的fools为复数名词，所以其前不用不定冠词；第四句中的nonsense 是不可数名词，所以其前不用不定冠词。

句型二：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！
What a fine day! 多好的天气呀!
What a slow train this is! 这列火车开得多慢呀!
What clever boys they are! 他们是多么聪明的孩子啊！
What beautiful weather we have! 天气真好!
注意：如果是单数名词，其前必须要有不定冠词；如果是不可数名词或复数名词，则其前不用不定冠词。

由于第一、二句中的day!和train均为可数名词，其前面用了不定冠词；而第三句中的boys为复数名词，所以其前不用不定冠词；第四句中的weather是不可数名词，所以其前不用不定冠词。

句型三：How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！
How nice! 多好呀!
How well she plays! 她演奏得多么好啊!
How beautiful the city is! 这座城市多么美丽！
句型四：How +形容词+ a +单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
How tall a boy he is! 他是一个多高的孩子啊!
How interesting a story it is! 这是个多有趣的故事啊！
注意：这类结构中的名词必须是单数可数名词，不能是复数名词，也不能是不可数名词，且名词前的不定冠词不能省略。

句型五：How +主语+谓语！
How he worked! 他多么肯干啊!
How I missed you! 我多么想念你啊!
How he wished for a drink! 他多希望能有点东西喝!
这类感叹句可为how的面省略了一个不言而喻的副词。

如第一句可视为在how之后省略了副词hard，第二、三句可视为在how之后省略了副词much。

感叹句专项练习
一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。

1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday!
2).________cute dog it is!
3).________ interesting the story is!
4).________ bad the weather in England is!
5).________ honest boy Tom is ！
6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!
7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!
8).________ exciting news you've brought us!
9).________cool your new car is!
10).________ scary these tigers are!
二、选择填空。

1. _______ fast the boy ran!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how
B. What, what
C. How, what
D. What, how
3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：
1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）_______ _______ the boy swam!
2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）_____ ______ the school trip is!
3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. （同义句）
_______ _______ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!
4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同义句）
_______ _______ _______ dictionary it is!
_______ _______ _______ dictionary is!
5. The students are listening very carefully.
________ ________ the students are listening!
感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后的东东，
1) what a/an；是不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。

2）a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西，想都不用想，直接用how 就OK了。

如：
例句1：What a boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊！
/ \
单数名词
例句2：What boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊！
/ \
复数名词
例句3：What weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊！
/ \
不可数名词
例句4：the boy is! 这男孩多好啊！
/ \
乱糟糟
★★★若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.
例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊！
/
副词（what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how）
How time flies! How fast Liu Xiang runs
英语感叹句练习题
一、选择题
( )1._______a clever boy he is ! A. What B. How C. What’s
( )2._______she dances! A. How good B. How well C. What well
( )3._______quiet the park is! A. What a B. How C. How a
( )4._____his father works! A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful
( )5._____noisy they are making! A. What B. How C. How a
( )6.______delicious soup! A. How B. What C. What a
( )7.______heavy snow! A. What a B. What C. How
( )8.____old bike Li Lei is riding! A. What a B. What an C. How
( )9.______exciting moment it is! A. How B. How an C. What an
( )10.______supper we’re having today! A. What a delicious B. How delicious C. What delicious
( )11.________fine weather it is today! A. How B. What a C. What
( )12._____fast the boys are running! A. What B. What a C. How
( )13._______the mooncakes are! A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious
( )14.____surprising news it is! A. How B. What C. What a
( )15.____time we’re having today! A. What a good B. How good C. What good
( )16._______I miss you ! A. What B. How C. How do
( )17.Look! ______beautiful that lake is! A. How B. What C. What a ( )18. ________ slowly Tom runs! A. How B. What C. What a
( )19._____lovely the snow looks! A. What B. How C. What a
( )20.________useful information it is! A. What an B. How C. What ( )21._______beautiful flowers they are! A. How B. What C. What a ( )22._______lovely a girl she is! A. What B. How C. What a
( )23._______they love their country! A. What B. How C. What a
()24._______long hair she has! A. What a B. What C. How
( )25._______beautiful music we are listening to!A. How B. What a C. What ( )26._______exciting a football match it is! A. What B. How C. What an ( )27._______hard-working Chinese people! A. How B. What C. How do ( )28._______a lovely view! A. Is it B. Isn’t it C. Aren’t they
( )29._______time they had yesterday!
A. How wonderful
B. What wonderful
C. What a wonderful
( )30.______worried they looked! A. What B. How C. How are
二、把下列的句子改为感叹句。

⒈ A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture. B: ___________________________
⒉ A: Mr Wang is a busy man. B: ___________________________
⒊ A: The cat is very happy. B: ___________________________
⒋ A: The tractor is going very slowly. B: ___________________________
⒌ A: He is very lucky. B: ___________________________
⒍ A: It is a wet day today. B: ___________________________
⒎ A: They started early. B: ___________________________
⒏ A: They waited a long time. B: ___________________________
⒐ A: He is wearing a large shirt. B: ___________________________
⒑ A: The dolphin is playing happily. B: ___________________________
反意疑问句
1．反意疑问句的特点
反意疑问句是由两部分构成的：前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的提问，即“陈述句＋附加疑问句”。

反意疑问句前后两部分必须遵循“三同一反”的原则，即：人称相同，动词相同，时态相同，前肯后否，前否后肯。

反意疑问句的答语与一般疑问句相同，即肯定回答用yes，否定回答用no。

但注意在回答“前否后肯”的反意疑问句时，yes译为“不”，no 译为“是”。

Your mother is a worker，isn't she?
你的母亲是一名工人，是不是？
—You won't go to the Summer Palace tomorrow，will you?
明天你不去颐和园，是吗？
—Yes，I will.不，我要去。

/No，I won't.是的，我不会去。

2．反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定
（1）陈述部分含有never，few，little，nothing，nobody，no，hardly，none，too...to...等表示否定意义的词时，其反意疑问句应用肯定形式。

There are few people in the room，are there?
房间里几乎没有人，是吗？
（2）陈述句部分是“there be”结构时，反问疑问部分用“be there”。

There is an apple tree in front of the building，isn't there?
大楼前面有一棵苹果树，是吗？
（3）当陈述部分的主语为指事（物）的不定代词something，anything，everything等时，反意疑问句的主语应用it。

Something is wrong with your computer，isn't it?
你的电脑出毛病了，是吗？
（4）当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词somebody，anybody，everybody等时，反意疑问句的主语可用he或they，但不可用it来代替。

Somebody wants to see you，doesn't he（don't they）?
有人要见你，是吗？
（5）当陈述部分的主语为this，that等时，反意疑问部分的主语应用it。

类似地，当陈述部分的主语为these，those等时，反意疑问部分的主语应用they。

This is a beautiful picture，isn't it?
这是一幅美丽的图画，是吗？
Those aren't pear trees，are they?
那些不是梨树，是吗？
（6）若陈述句部分含有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，imp ossible，untrue，dislike等，应把陈述句看作肯定句，构成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句用否定式。

Bob dislikes volleyball，doesn't he?
鲍勃不喜欢排球，是不是？
Jenny looks unhappy today，doesn't she?
今天珍妮看起来不高兴，是不是？
（7）当陈述部分为I am 形式时，反意疑问句部分应该用aren't I。

I'm right，aren't I?
我是对的，是吗？
（8）肯定的祈使句的反意疑问句可以用will you或won't you；否定的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。

Listen to me carefully，will/won't you?
仔细听我说，好吗？
Don't play with fire，will you?
不要玩火，好吗？
（9）以let's开头的祈使句，反意疑问句应用shall we；以let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问句应用will you。

Let's go to the park，shall we？让我们去公园，好吗？
Let us help you，will you？让我们来帮你，好吗？
（10）陈述句部分若为主从复合句，反意疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致。

Jenny said she would come tomorrow，didn't she?
詹妮说她明天会来，是吗？
【提醒】若主句的主语是第一人称I/we，其谓语动词又是think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine等，则反意疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与从句一致。

（应特别注意否定转移的情况）
I think Tom is a good student，isn't he?
我认为汤姆是一个好学生，是吗？
We don't think you are right，are you?
我们认为你不对，是吗？
一、选择最佳答案填空
1、The poor man needs our help, ______ he?
A. need
B. needn’t
C. does
D. doesn’t
2、He’s never watched such an important watch, ______?
A. hasn’t he
B. has he
C. isn’t he
D. is he
3、You have few friends, ______?
A. haven’t you
B. have you
C. you have
D. you haven’t
4、Tom has supper at school, ______?
A. hasn’t he
B. has he
C. doesn’t
D. does he
5、He’s almost finished ______ the book, ______ he?
A. reading, isn’t
B. to read, isn’t
C. reading, hasn’t
D. to read, hasn’t
6、You were on the farm yesterday, ______ you?
A. didn’t
B. don’t
C. can’t
D. weren’t
7、Don’t close the window, ______ you?
A. did
B. will
C. was
D. won’t
8、Let’s go shopping, ______ we?
A. shall
B. will
C. was
D. is
9、Joan’s late for school,______?
A. wasn’t she
B. hasn’t she
C. isn’t she
D. doesn’t she
10、The meeting will begin at half past two in the afternoon, ______.
A. does it
B. doesn’t it
C. will it
D. won’t it
11、The sick man’s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, ______?
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. has he
D. hasn’t he
12、There are few people on the playground, ______?
A. are there
B. are they
C. has he
D. hasn’t he
13、Tom could hardly work out the maths problem, ______ he?
A. couldn’t
B. could
C. didn’t
D. did
14、Let’s go to the island, ______?
A. won’t you
B. will you
C. shall we
D. will we
15、Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change he water, ______?
A. will you
B. shall we
C. won’t you
D. do you
16、There are few people on that village, ______ there?
A. did
B. does
C. was
D. are
17、She is too young to go to school, ______ she?
A. didn’t
B. does
C. wasn’t
D. is
18、John had to join a long queue to get a ticket, ______?
A. did he
B. didn’t he
C. had he
D. hadn’t he
19、--Your blouse is yellow, isn’t it? --______.
A. Yes, it is.
B. It's red.
C. I'm not sure.
D.I don’t know.
20、You have met before, ______?
A. haven’t you
B. have you
C. do you
D. don’t you
21、Allen has never been to Beijing, ______?
A. has she
B. hasn’t she
C. has Allen
D. hasn’t he
二、完成下列反意疑问句
1、He has a lot of work to do, ______ ______?
2、Uncle Wang forgot to bring your bag, ______ ______?
3、There’re more than ten pandas on the hill, ______ ______?
4、Tom wants to get his TV set back, ______ ______?
5、It’s fine today, ______ ______?
6、Lima’s just come back from America, ______ ______?
7、Mary bought some shampoo in the supermarket,______ ______?
8、Nobody was looking for me, ______ ______?
9、He needs our help, ______ ______?
10、We must study English hard or we can't be good at it, ______ ______?
11、You may use his eraser, ______ ______?
12、He didn’t say you were foolish, ______ ______?
13、They’ll be on duty next Monday,______ ______?
14、Tom didn’t watch TV last night, ______ ______?
15、She’s been to Shanghai, ______ ______?
16、Open the windows, ______ ______?
17、That’s a model plant,______ ______?
18、Robert knows little Chinese, ______ ______?
19、What an interesting story, ______ ______?
20、Your parents must be in the library, ______ ______?
21、You don’t think he will come back before school, ______ ______?
22、You’d better do it now, ______ ______?
23、Everything is ready for the party,______ ______?
24、They usually play football after school, ______ ______?
25、Mary made few mistakes in the exam, ______ ______?
26、He has never seen her before, ______ ______?
27、Jack hardly goes to the cinema, ______ ______?
28、There’re twenty-one girl students in your class, ______ ______?
29、Miss Green is going to work in London, ______ ______?
30、There’s going to be a meeting this afternoon,______ ______?
31、You had a talk with John just now, ______ ______?
32、Lucy had a party last Sunday, ______ ______?
33、It’s going to rain this afternoon, ______ ______?
34、Mr. Green bought nothing yesterday, ______ ______?
35、Let’s sing an English song together, ______ ______?
36、Let me try it a second time, ______ ______?。