高中英语语法系列情态动词

高中英语语法系列
情态动词
定义：
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。

特点：
有一定词义；不受主语人称和数的变化影响；与主要动词的原形一起构成谓语。

情态动词：can/could ; may/might; must ;need ;will/would ; shall /should ; dare / dared ;
used to ; ought to etc
情态动词的基本用法
1. can/could
a. 表能力，could 主要指过去时间
1) Two eyes can see more than one .
2) The girl could read before she went to school .
* be able to do 意思同can/could ,但有较多时态表达形式；在表达过去某个事件有能力干什么时，could 表虽有能力，但不一定做了；was able to 指“不但有能力，而且实际做了”。

3) He _______ escape from the fire , but he went to save the girl .( could /was able to )
4) Though the fire spread quickly , everyone ________ escape . ( could /was able to )
b. 表可能
5) The man there can’t be Mr. Zhang . He has gone to Nanjing .
6) Look ! Someone is coming ! Who can it be ?
7) * The temperature can fall to – 60 °C
8) * He can make mistakes sometimes though he is clever .
c. 表允许
9) ---Can / Could I use your pen ?
--- Yes , you can ./ Sure , go ahead . ( Yes , you could 错误 )
d . 表惊异，怀疑，不相信等态度（用于否定句，疑问句或感叹句中）
10) Can this be an excuse for being late ?
11) No , no , this can’t be true .
12) How can you be so careless!
2. may / might
a. 表允许
13) --- May / Might I ask you for a photo of your baby ?
--- Yes , please . / Certainly ./ Please don’t ./ You’d better not ./ No , you mustn’t.
b. 表可能，might 语气更加不肯定
14) She may be at home .
15) She might come to the party , but I am not sure .
c .祝愿
16) May you succeed !
3 . must
a . 表义务，意为“必须”，主观意志；而have to 为“不得不”，客观要求。

16) --- Must we hand in our homework now ?
--- No , you needn’t ./ No , you don’t have to ./
b. 表可能，意为“想必，一定”，只用于肯定句
17) He must be ill . He looks so pale .
18) She’s wearing a diamond necklace .She must have a lot of money .
4. ought to
“应该” 同should .
19) --- Ought we to go home ?
Yes , you ought to ./ No , you oughtn’t to .
20) She ought to hand in her homework , oughtn’t she ?
5. used to
21) --- Used he get up early ? / Did he use to get up early ?
--- Yes he used to ./ Yes , he did .
22 ) He used to get up early , didn’t he ? / usedn’t he ?
6. need /dare
need 和dare 可以用着情态动词，也可以用着实义动词。

23) --- Need he come ?
--- Yes , he need .
24 ) She dare not go out alone at night .
25) You don’t need to do it yourself .
26) He needs to do it at once , doesn’t he ?
He need do it at once , needn’t he ?
7. shall
a. 用在问句中征求对方意见和指示，可以用于一人称和三人称
27) It’s dark outside . Shall I turn on the light ?
28) Shall the car park here ?
b. 用在陈述句中，表允许，警告，命令，决心等。

29) Then you shall come . ( 命令)
30) Listen carefully . You shall have a red flower soon . ( 允诺 )
31)You naught boy ! You shall get punishment ! ( 警告 )
32) Nothing shall stop us from taking back Taiwan . ( 决心 )
8. should
a. 表义务。

意为“应该”
33) You should be polite to your teacher .
34) You shouldn’t waste any time .
b. *表推测，意为“ 想必一定，照说应该，估计”
35) They should be at home now .
36) The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors .
9. will
a. 表意愿，用于各种人称
37）None is so blind as those won’t see .
38) If you will read the book , I will lend it to you .
b. 表某种倾向或习惯性动作
39) Fish will die out of water .
40) The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by .
10. would
表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向
41) Every time she was in trouble , she would go to him for help.
*used to 可表过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would 只表过去的习惯性动作。

41) He used to / would smoke while writing .
42) She used to be fat .
情态动词的其他用法
A． can/ could , may/might , must 表推测
43) --- Look , someone is coming ! Who can it be ?
--- It may our headmaster .
--- It can’t be him . He has gone to Shanghai .
--- It must be our English teacher . They look the same .
44) He must be reading in the library now .
小结：can/could 用于疑问句和否定句( can’t / couldn’t 表“不可能，肯定不…”); may/might 用在肯定句和否定句( may not / might not 表“可能不…”) ；must 只用于肯定句，意为“一定”。

could /might 语气更不肯定。

B． would /should /could / might 可用于虚拟语气
C．情态动词后跟动词的完成体
a . must have done 肯定做过…
b . should have done / ought to have done 本该做而实际没做…
c. should not have done / ought not to have done
d . can/could hav
e done 可能已经做了…
e. can’t /couldn’t have done 肯定没做，一定没做…
f. may/might have done 可能做了…
g. may /might not have done 可能没做…
h. needn’t have done 本不必做，而实际着了…
*would have done / should have done / might have done / could have done还可用于虚拟语气。

操练：
45) Last night , I ________ ( work ) in the classroom , but I went to the cinema.
46) He _______ ( give ) you help , even though he was busy .
47) The car hasn’t come yet . We __________ ( run ) so fast . How tired I am !
48) He passed the hard exam . He _________ ( study ) hard .
49) It’s time for lunch . We ______ ( finish ) our work .
50) If I had worked harder , I _______ ( pass ) the exam .
51) You ______ ( meet ) him at the yesterday’s party . He was ill in hospital .选择填空
1. Johnny , you ____ play with the knife , you ____ hurt yourself .
A . won’t ; can’t
B . mustn’t ; may
C . shouldn’t ; must
D . can’t ;
shouldn’t
2. It’s nearly seven o’clock .Tom ____ be here at any moment .
A . must
B . need
C . should
D . can
3. I thought you ____ like something to read , so I have brought you
some books .
A. may B . might C . could D . must
4. There was plenty of time . She __________
A . mustn’t have hurried
B . needn’t have hurried
C . must not hurry
D . couldn’t have hurried
5. The plant is dead . I ____ it some more water .
A . will give
B . would have given
C . must give
D . should have
given
6. Where is my pen ? I _____ it .
A . might lose
B . would have lost
C . should have lost
D . must have
lost
7. He ____ you more help even though he was very busy .
A . might have given
B . may have given
C . might give
D . may give
8. Tom ought not to ____your secret but he meant no harm .
A . have told
B . tell
C . be telling
D . having told
9. Man ____ die without water or air .
A . must
B . will
C . can
D .needn’t
10. --- Could I use your pen ?
--- Yes , of course you ______.
A .might
B . will
C .could
D . can
11. Peter _____ come with us tonight , but he isn’t very sure yet .
A . must
B . may
C . can
D .have to
12. --- ____ we go out and play today ?
--- Sorry , too much homework . I ____ go until it is done .
A . Shall ; will
B . Shall; won’t
C . Can ; shall
D .May ; must
13. There ____ some flowers in the garden .
A . were used to be
B .used to be
C . used to have
D . used to be having
14. He ____ lead a horse to the water but he ____ not make it drink .
A . will ; can
B . may ; can
C . may ; dares
D . dare ; can
15. Peter ___ be a policeman, for he is too much short .
A . needn’t
B . mustn’t
C . can’t
D . won’t
16. --- Is John coming by train ?
--- He should , but he ____ not .He likes driving his car .
A . must
B . can
C . need
D . may
17. Oh , I am not feeling well in my stomach . I _____ so much fried
chicken just now .
A . shouldn’t eat
B . mustn’t have eaten
C . shouldn’t have eaten
D . mustn’t eat
18. --- Write to me when you get home .
---- _____ .
A . I must
B . I should
C . I will
D . I can
19. ---Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?
--- I am not sure . I ____ go to the concert instead .
A . must
B . would
C . should
D . might
20. Mr. Bush is on time for everything . How____ it be that he was so
late for the party ?
A . can
B . should
C . may
D . must。