译林英语8Aunit2知识点教案

8A 第二单元重点知识
一、重点短语
1. 学校生活____________________
2. 得更加努力工作、学习____________________
3. ____________________
4. 英式英语____________________
5. 美式英语____________________
6.一块橡皮 ____________________
7. 为我表弟买一个玩具卡车____________________
8. 在我们学校附近的店里____________________
9. 有周末计划____________________ 10举行一场重要的比赛____________________
11. 今年秋天____________________ 12. 英国学校的生活 ____________________
13. 在8年级____________________ 14. 一所混合学校____________________
15. 一起上课____________________ 16. 最喜欢法语____________________
17. 学习外语____________________ 18. 在阅读周期间____________________
19. 从学校的图书馆借更多的书____________________
20. 从家里把杂志带进来____________________ 21. 赚更多的钱____________________
22. 在星期快结束的时候____________________
23. 课堂上和同学讨论书的内容____________________
24. 好像过得更快____________________ 25. 同伴俱乐部 ____________________
26. 了解更多关于学校的事____________________ 27. 认真倾听我的问题 ____________________
28. 给我提供帮助____________________ 29. 比平时结束早____________________
30.我的偶像们____________________ 31. 一起做运动____________________
32. 打棒球____________________ 33. 刻苦练习____________________
34. 赢得两场比赛____________________ 35. 读、写中使用的单词____________________
36.一位美国男孩写的一篇文章__________________
37. 在我们三个当中、在这三所学校中____________________
38. 每天____________________ 39. 空闲的时间____________________
40. 获得第一、二、三____________________ 41. 在赛跑比赛中____________________
42. 暑假、寒假____________________ 43. 花时间做某事 ____________________
44. 穿制服、打领带、校服____________________
45. 做早操、进行阅读、阅读英语报刊杂志____________________
46. 放假周数更少、放……假_____________
47. 下国际象棋____________________ 48. 最多、至少__________________
49. 每门科目都进行月考__________________ 50. 浏览，快速查看__________________
51. 起初，首先__________________
52. 继续，重复做某事、继续用英语写__________________
53. 日常生活__________________ 54. 我理想的学校__________________
55. 放学__________________ 56. 进行学校旅行__________________
57. 需要早起__________________ 58. 一个又大又干净的餐厅__________________
59. 有时间进行某种活动/有很多时间进行课外活动__________________
60.有一个小时的家庭作业__________________ 61. 有一个小时吃午饭__________________
62. 在午餐时间__________________ 63. 选择科目学习_________________
64. 我的所有其他同学_________________ 65. 我的任何一位同学_________________
66.我班其他学生_________________ 67. 我的任何一个其他同学 _________________ 68. 至少/最多_________________ 69. 两个半小时__________________
二、重要句型
1. Why don’t dogs go to school, Eddie? 狗为什么不去上学，艾迪？
“Why don’t/doesn’t /didn’t + 主语+ 动词原形+其他”，意为“为什不；为何不”，通常表示建议或责
备。

其中“Why don’t you+ 动词原形+其他”，可以用“Why not +动词原形+其他？，其他表示建议的句型还有：What/How about....? Let’s....... Shall we......?
例题：（1）Why_______ come and play football with us? A. not you B. don’t C. not to D. not （2）It’s raining . Why not _________（ask）your friends for help when you are in trouble ?
2. It’s like watching TV, but there are fewer advertisements. 它就像看电视，但是广告更少一些。

●fewer 是few 的比较级形式，意为“较少的”，修饰可数名词复数形式
few和a few 修饰可数名词复数，其中few 意为“很少，几乎没有的”，表示否定意义；而a few 意为“少数的，几个”，表示肯定意义。

little 和 a little修饰不可数名词，其中little意为“几乎没有的”，表示否定意义，而a little 意为“少量，一点儿”，表示肯定意义。

例题：（1）I have ________ friends in this school , but ______ are good friends .
There is _______ milk in the fridge , we should buy some in the supermarket .
（2）There is _______ water , but there are quite ________ empty glasses .
A. little ; a few
B. few ; little
C. little ; few
D. little ; a little
3.During the week , we can borrow more books from the school library . 在这一周里，我们可以从学校图书馆借更多的书。

●borrow及物动词“借入”，常用短语borrow sth from sb ：向某人借某物
lend：“借出”，lend sb sth= lend sth to sb 借给某人某物
keep sth for +时间段：借某物一段时间
例题：（1）I want to ______ a bike from Amy , but she _______ it to Daniel and she said he wanted to _______ it for three days .
(2) ---- How long may I _______ your bike ? ----- For a week . But you mustn’t ______ it to others
A. borrow ; lend
B. keep ; lend
C. lend ; borrow
D. keep ; borrow
4. Near the end of the week, we discuss the books with our classmates in class. 在这周临近结束时，在课堂上我们和同学们讨论这些书。

●near the end of.... 意为“在....快要结束时”，此短语中end 是名词，关于end的常用短语还有：
at the end of....：在....结束的时候；既可以指时间的重点，也可指某个地点的尽头。

by the end of...：到....末尾为止，强调“最后的时限”
in the end: “最后，终于”，单独使用，位置比较灵活就，相当于at last
例题：（1）We will have a final exam ________ the term.
A. in the end
B. at the end of
C. at the end
D. in the end of
（2）___________, I found the small shop ____________ the street. 我终于在大街的尽头找到了那家小店。

discuss 意为“讨论，议论”，为及物动词，后可直接加宾语，无需加about。

常用短语discuss sth with sb：与某人讨论某事= have a discussion about sth with sb
翻译：午饭后我们要讨论那个问题。

_______________________________________________
5. Time seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books. 当我们阅读有趣的书籍时，时间似乎过得更快。

●句中seem是动词，意为“似乎，好像，看起来”，主要句型如下：
seem+（to be ）+ adj/n 似乎...... seem to do sth 好像做某事
It seems + that 从句There seems to be.....似乎有.....
例题：（1）He_______ after he chatted with his parents online.
A. seems happily
B. seemed happy
C. seems happy
D. seemed to happy
（2）Nobody seems to know what happened just now in the park. （改为同义句）
______ _______ that nobody _______ what happened just now in the park.
（3）There _______(seem) to be some mistakes .
（4）The dog seems ________(want) to have a drink.
6. Learning foreign language is fun .学习外语很有趣。

●此句中的“Learning foreign language”是动词ing形式放在句首作主语，动名词作主语看作单数。

动词原形放在句首，是祈使句（请求命令别人做某事）Close the windows ,please. It’s too cold.
动词不定式（To do sth ）放句首，表示目的To catch the early bus , I got up very early this morning.
例题：________(keep) healthy, you should do more exercise.
_________(go) to bed earlier, or you can’t get up the next day.
__________( eat）too much for dinner is bad for your health.
Drink a glass of milk before going to bed _______(be) very helpful to your body.
7. He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help. 他经常认真地听我的问题，给我帮助。

●offer及物动词，意为“主动提出，自愿给予”，常用短语
offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 提供给某人某物offer to do sth : 主动提出做某事
例题：（1）The litte boy _______ his seat to an old man on the bus.
A. offered
B. brought
C. lent
D. took
（2）He offered___________(teach) me how to make a kite.
offer 还可以作为名词：主动提议；建议；减价，特价
如：Thank you for your kind offer of help 谢谢你的好心帮助
There will be a special offer in the supermarket this Sunday. 这个星期日超市将有一个大促销
8. Their team won two games last month. 他们队上个月赢了两场比赛
●win 动词，“获胜，赢”，过去式过去分词均为won，其名词形式为winner 获胜者，赢家
辨析win与beat ：
win和beat 都可以作及物动词，作“赢、战胜”讲，其区别主要在于后面接的宾语不同
win的宾语是表示比赛或奖项的名词，即race，match，competition，game，war，prize（奖）之类的词beat的宾语则是比赛、竞争的对手，即指人或球队的名词或代词
例题：The Chinese national women’s badminton team _______ the Japanese team by 3：1 in India on May 24. --- What’s the result ? ---- Class 1 ______ the match this time .
---My brother _______ first prize in a speech competition . ---- Congratulations !
9. Number of students .学生的数量
●number意为“数量，数字”，常构成短语：a number of 若干，许多；the number of..... 的数量
a number of 可用small，large，great等词修饰number，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
the number of 后接可数名词复数形式，中心词是number，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式
例题：（1）The number of the volunteers _______ 100 now . And a small number of them ______ already gone to the workplace .
A. is ; have
B. are ; have
C. is ; has
D. are ; has
（2）-----_______ the number of the teachers in our school ?
----_________ 4500.
A. What’s; It’s
B. How many are ; There are
C. How much is ; They’re
D. What’s ; There is （3）The number of the students in our school is getting __________. We need to build more classrooms to hold more students.
. A. more and more B. larger and lareger C. fewer and fewer D. smaller and smaller
10. How much time do students spend on homework every day ? 学生们每天花费多少时间写家庭作业？
●spend，take，cost，pay 辨析
spend的主语必须是人，常用于（1）sb spend time/money on sth （2）sb spend time/money （in）doing sth take 主要用于指花费时间，主语是物，常用句型：It takes sb some time to do sth ,此句型中，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式
cost的主语只能是物，常用句型：sth cost (sb) some money
pay 主要指花费金钱，主语是人，常与介词for 连用，句型为：Sb pay some money for sth
例题：（1）He said playing computer games ______ him a lot of time every day .
同义句He said ____________________________________________ every day.
（2）I _________ two yuan buying this book yesterday
I _______________________ this book yesterday= I _______________________ this book yesterday
The book _______________________ yesterday.
（3）I’ll spend as much time as I can __________ (practise ) __________(read).
（4）It took me two weeks _______ the novels written by Guo Jingming .
A. finish reading
B. to finish to read
C. finishing reading
D. to finish reading
11. Chinese students have more weeks off for the summer holiday than British students .
●have +一段时间+off意为“有....时间的假期”，休息.....,off 在这里是副词，意为“休息，休假，不
工作”，have 可用take替换。

给某人放一段时间假可用“give sb + 一段时间+off”句型，如：He had/took a day off last week . 上周他休息了一天
The boss gives the workers a day off 老板给工人们方脸一天的假
例题：We decided to take ________ at the end of the month .
A. two days holiday
B. two days’ off
C. two-day holiday
D. two days off
12. I also keep writing in English about my daily life . 我也坚持用英语写我的日常生活。

●keep doing 不停地做某事，强调动作连续不断，，每隔一会发生，相当于keep on doing; keep doing
还可以表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态，keep on doing 则没有这种用法。

如：John always keeps (on) asking questions . 约翰总是问个不停
Why do the dogs keep barking ? 这些狗为什么不停地叫？
keep sb doing sth “让某人一直做某事”
翻译：她让我一连说了四十五分钟_________________________________________
三、重点语法
1.more....than，fewer...than, less...than 的用法
more...than 意为“比....多”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,如
I have more apples than you . Lucy spends more time studying Chinese than Lily .
fewer ....than he less ....than 都意为“比...少”。

其中fewer后接可数名词复数，less后接不可数名词，如：There are fewer boys than girls in our class .
It takes less time to go there by car than by ship.
more 是many 和much的比较级，最高级是most，fewer 是fewer的比较级，最高级为fewest. less 是little的比较级，最高级为least。

2. 副词的比较级和最高级
副词的原级、比较级、最高级的三级构成与用法与形容词类似，但副词最高级前通常省略the
3. 后缀-ly
名词后加后缀-ly构成的形容词。

如friend-friendly，month-monthly，day-daily.love-lovely
形容词词尾加-ly构成副词，如：bad-badly, careful-carefully
注意：以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，把y变成i,再加ly；以原因字母+e或le结尾的形容词，去e再加ly; 以l结尾的形容词，直接加-y
如：noisy___________ ; happy_____________ true ____________ wise____________ terrible_________ possible_____________ full__________
形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词或其他形容词、副词
练习：
( ) 1. Mr Brown is fat. The doctor told him to eat ________ food and take _______ exercise.
A. more, more
B. more, less
C. less, more
D. less, less
( ) 2. Can you do the work well with ________ time and ________ people?
A. little, less
B. few, little
C. less, fewer
D. fewer, less
( ) 3. I see some orange in the glass. Please give me __________.
A. a few
B. few
C. little
D. a little
( ) 4. ________ children there are in a family, __________ their life will be.
A. The less, the better
B. The fewer, the better
C. Fewer, richer
D. More, poorer
( ) 5．He feels _____ today than yesterday.
A. tired
B. more tired
C. more tireder
D. much tired
( ) 6. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk?
A. the worst
B. worse
C. the worse
D. worst
( )7. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.
A. the expensive one
B. the least expensive
C. the least expensive
D. the most expensive of them
( )8 At last he began to cry ___.
A. hard and hard
B. more hard and more hard
C. harder and harder
D. more hardly and hardly
( )9. The buildings of New York are ________ than ________ .
A. much higher ; those of Suzhou
B. more higher ; that of Suzhou
C. much more ; that of Suzhou
D. many more ; that of Suzhou
( )10. She is better at maths than _______ of her friends .
A. any
B. any other
C. the one of any other
D. all the others
( )11. Lucy writes _______ than _____ girl in her class .
A. more careful ; any other
B. more carefully ; any other
C. more carefully ; the other
D. more carefully ; any
( )12 ___ he read the book, ____ he got in it.
A. The more; the more interesting
B. The less; the more interesting
C. The more; the more interested
D. More; more interested
( )13. The earth is about____ as the moon.
A. as fifty time big
B. fifty times as big
C. as big fifty times
D. fifty as times big。