2017_2018高中英语Unit5AppreciatingClassicsPeriodThreeGrammar[003]

Period Three Grammar & Writing
语法精析
一、主语从句
1.引导主语从句的三类连接词及其句法功能
(1)从属连词：that，whether
①that
that在从句中不充当句子成分，也无词义，但不可省略。

Thatshegotthefirstprizemadeherparentsveryhappy.
她获得了一等奖，这使她的父母非常高兴。

②whether
whether在从句中不充当句子成分，意为“是否；……还是……”。

Whetherwegotherebytrainorbyairmakesnodifference.
我们乘火车还是乘飞机去那儿没有什么差别。

(2)连接代词：who(谁)，whom(谁)，whose(谁的)，what(什么)，which(哪一个)，whoever(无论谁)，whatever(无论什么)，whichever(无论哪一个)等。

它们在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。

Who willhostthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.
谁来主持会议还没有决定。

Whosecarrunsfastershouldbetested.
应该测试谁的车跑得更快。

Whichplanisbettershouldbediscussed.
应该讨论哪一个计划更好。

(3)连接副词：when，where，why，how
连接副词when(什么时间)，where(在哪里)，why(为什么)，how(怎么，如何)有词义，在句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因和方式。

Whenandwhe rewewillsetupthefactoryhasn’tbeendecided.
我们何时何地建工厂还没有决定。

Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.
这件事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。

2.用it作形式主语的主语从句
由于某些主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句
末。

常见的句型主要有以下五种：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，probable，certain，uncertain，fortunate，etc.)＋that从句Itisclearthatthegirlwastellingthetruth.
很明显那个女孩说了实话。

注意“Itisnecessary (natural，important，strange，etc.)＋that从句”中谓语动词常用“should＋do”，should可省略。

It’snecessarythatyou (should) tellyourmotherthetruth.
你有必要告诉你妈妈实情。

(2)It＋be＋名词词组(apity，nowonder，anhonour，agoodidea，afact，goodnews，ashame，etc.)＋that从句
Itisapitythatyoucan’tgowithus.
很遗憾你不能和我们一起去。

(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，confirmed)＋that从句ItisreportedthataviolentearthquakeandtsunamihappenedinJapan.
据报道日本发生了强烈的地震和海啸。

(4)It＋不及物动词(短语)(seem，turnout，happen，appear，etc.)＋that从句Ithappenedthathewasoutthatday.
碰巧他那天不在家。

(5)It＋及物动词(worry，shock，etc.)＋sb.＋that从句
Itshockedmethathedidn’ttellanyonewherehewas.
让我震惊的是他没有告诉任何人他在哪儿。

3.主语从句的注意事项
(1)主语从句的语序总是用陈述语序Howhemanagedtosurviveintheforestinterestedeveryonepresent.
令在场的每一个人感兴趣的是他是怎样设法在森林中活下来的。

(2)时态与谓语动词的单复数
如果主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时和过去进行时)，那么从句的时态一般要用相应的过去的某种时态。

单个主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数，但what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要看后面的表语的单复数而确定。

Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetinghasnotbeendecided.
我们什么时候开运动会还没定下来。

WhatIneedismoney.我所需要的是钱。

WhatIneedarebooks.我所需要的是书。

如果用and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。

Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。

Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.
会议将在什么时候以及在哪里举行还没定下来。

[即时跟踪1]
1.Thatyoudidn’tgotothelecture(你没去听讲座) wasapity.
2.Itwasaproblemwhethertheywouldsupportus(他们是否会支持我们).
3.Whatweneed(我们所需要的) iswater.
4.Wherehelives(他住哪儿) isnotclear.
5.Whentheathleteswillcome(运动员何时到来) isstillunknown.
二、宾语从句
1.引导宾语从句的三类连接词及其句法功能
(1)从属连词：that，whether/if
①that
that在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，无任何词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省略。

Ibelieve (that) youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove.
我相信你已经尽力了，一切都会好起来的。

②whether/if
whether和if表示“是否”，表明从句内容的不确定性。

在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：引导宾语从句作介词宾语时；从句后有“ornot”时；后接动词不定式时；作动词discuss的宾语时。

Wearen’tinterestedinwhetherhewillagreewithusornot.
我们对他是否同意我们的观点不感兴趣。

(2)连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，whichever，whomever Idon’tknowwho myoushoulddependon.
我不知道你该依靠谁。

(3)连接副词：when，where，how，why，howmany，howmuch，howoften CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?
你能告诉我怎样去那儿吗？
2.宾语从句的类型
(1)动词后面的宾语从句
①在demand，order，suggest，insist，desire，request，command等表示“要求，命令，建议”等意义的动词后，宾语从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

MyfatherinsistedthatI (should) finishmyhomeworkfirst.
父亲坚持让我先完成作业。

②当谓语动词find，feel，believe，consider，make等后跟复合宾语时，常常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语置于宾补之后。

Wefinditimportantthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutit.
我们认为对这件事立刻做出决定很重要。

③动词like，dislike，hate，appreciate等后的宾语从句也常用it作形式宾语。

Hedislikeditwhenshebehavedbadlyinfrontofhismother.
他讨厌她在他母亲面前举止失当。

(2)介词后面的宾语从句
一般情况下，介词后跟wh­引导的宾语从句，而except，but等少数介词后可以接that引导的宾语从句。

Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheisalittlecareless.
他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。

(3)形容词后面的宾语从句
这类形容词常见的有：afraid，happy，glad，pleased，sorry，satisfied，proud，sure，surprised，aware，ashamed，certain，confident等。

I’mafraidthatImakeamistake.
恐怕我犯了个错误。

[即时跟踪2]
用适当的连接词填空
1.IknownothingabouttheyoungladyexceptthatsheisfromBeijing.
2.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasegoandseewhoitis.
3.Choosingarightdictionarydependsonwhatyouwanttouseitfor.
4.Wearediscussingwhatweshalldotohelpothers.
5.Iwonderhowyouaregettingonwithyourstudy.
高考链接
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1.Itisoftenthecasethat anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.(2016·江苏)
2.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whatever youcandohelps.(2016·北京)
3.Asnaturalarchitects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecyclew orkonmostdays.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
4.Itrulybelievethat beautycomesfromwithin.(2015·北京)
5.Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.(2015·北京)
6.Wemustfindoutwhen Karliscoming, sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2015·重庆)
7.—IwonderhowMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears. —Byworkingouteveryday.(2015·福建)
8.Youhavetoknowwhere you’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2015·湖南)
9.WhereLiBai, agreatChinesepoet，wasbornisknowntothepublic, butsomewon’tacceptit.(2015·江苏)
10.Readingherbiography，Iwaslostinadmirationforwhat DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.(2015·陕西) Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.that→where
(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)
2.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.how→what
(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)
3.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo？How→What
(2015·四川，短文改错)
4.Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.where→that
(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错)
常用句式
1.I’dliketotellyousomethingabout...
2.Letmegiveyouabriefintroductionabout...
3.It’sagreathonourformetostandhereandgivemyspeech.
4.Thetopicofmyspeechis...
5.Tobeginwith，manypeoplesuggestthat...
6.WhatIwanttostressisthat...
7.Foronething，...Foranother，...
8.Personally，Ithinkit’sagoodideaforusto...
典题示例
假定你是李华，将要参加学校为庆祝建国66周年举办的英语演讲比赛，以“汉语将成为世界语言”为题写一篇演讲稿。

注意：词数100左右。

[联想词汇]
1.世界语言globallanguage
2.随着经济的发展withthedevelopmentofeconomy
3.五千年的历史和灿烂的文化the5,000­yearhistoryandbrilliantculture
4.鼓励人们学汉语encouragepeopletolearnChinese
5.把……介绍给……introduce...to...
[范文展示]
Goodmorning，ladiesandgentlemen，
I’mtrulyhonouredtobeheretodeliveraspeech.Mytopicis “Chinesewillbecomeagloballanguage.”
IthinkthereisagreatchancethatChinesewillbecomeagloballanguage.Firstly，withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy，Chineseismorewidelyusedintheworld.Secondly，the5,000­yearhistoryandbrilliantculturehaveencouragedagreatnumberofforeignersto learnChinese.Thirdly，Chinahasthebiggestpopulationintheworld，thusmakingChineseownthelargestnumberofspeakersamongallthelanguages.
Soit’sourdutytointroduceourChineselanguagetotheworld.I’msureChinesewillbe comeagloballanguage.
Thanksforyoulistening!
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词或代词填空
1.Whethershewillcometomorrowdependsontheweather.
2.Don’ttake itforgrantedthateveryonewillagreewithyou.
3.Ican’tbelieve thatsheshouldfailtopassherexam.
4.Itisapitythathehasmadesuchamistake.
5.Idoubtwhethersheiswillingtohelpus.
6.Idon’tdoubt thatsheiswillingtohelpus.
7.Whoeverleavestheclassroomlastshouldlockthedoor.
8.Itisnotcertainwhichteamwillwinthegame.
9.Iamalwayswonderinghowyoukeephighspiritsallthetime.
10.Wemadeitclearthatallthestudentsshouldcleantheblackboardontime.
Ⅱ.用主语从句或宾语从句翻译下列句子
11.我们非常高兴你能参加我们的聚会。

We’reverygladthatyoucanattendourparty.
12.你能从生活中简单的事情中得到这么多乐趣，真令人吃惊。

It’samazingthatyoucangetsomuchpleasureoutofthesimplethingsinlife.
13.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.
14.我讨厌人们满嘴食物时说话。

Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.
15.昨天老师说太阳东升西落。

Yesterdaytheteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2017·四川丰谷中学高二上月考)
Movingcanbringoutthebestandtheworstinpeople，I’mfinding.AndI’vedis coveredwhereaverygenerousspiritlives: Defiance，Ohio.
Aftersufferingthroughmanymonthsofunemployment，mywifeandIhadtomovethisweekfromColoradotoOhio，whereshewouldworkasasalesassistant.Notknowinganyonethere，wewereprettyconcernedaboutallthework，includinghowwe’dg etallthingsunloadedwithoutkillingourselves.
Wedecidedtopayacoupleofcollegestudentstohelpwithalltheheavyliftingoncewegot there.Butoneneighborafteranotherstoppedbyandjoinedin.“What? Havewemovedtosomeothercountry? Maybewe’vediedandgonetoheaven！”Ithought.
Unloadingactuallybecamefunasweconnectedwithsomanywonderfulnewfriendsaswewor ked.Themorepeoplethathelped，theeasiertheworkbecame.Ajobthatwewereafraidmighttakedaysforthetwoofusalonewasfi nishedinafewhours.Manytotalstrangerswouldeitherwalkbyordrivebytoaskusifweweremo vingin.Manyweredelightedthatthisfineoldhousethathadsatemptyforsolongwascomingto lifeagain.Wewereinvitedtoanoutdoormeallastnightbyneighborsonthesamestreet.
Allthewhile，mybrainwasonthisnewsenseofhopethatpeoplecouldbeoutgoingandkindtostrangers.Among alltheconve rsationswerelotsofofferstobeofhelptooneanotherinavarietyofways.It’s wonderfultoliveinsuchakindlittletown.Ifeelsogratefultobehere，andwishtherestoftheworldcouldseehowanentiresocietycanbeamodelforwhatit’sliketo lookoutforoneanother.Iusedtostayawayfromfriendshipswithstrangers，butnowIliveinDefiance!
16.TheauthorandhiswifemovedtoDefiancebecause.
A.forthem，movingoftenbringsoutthebest
B.hiswifehadfoundabetter­paidjob
C.theylikedthislittletown
D.hiswifegotajobthere
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“mywifeandIhadtomovethisweekfromColoradotoOhio，whereshewouldworkasasalesassistant”可知，选D项。

17.Whenofferedhelp，theauthoratfirstfelt.
A.grateful
B.surprised
C.ashamed
D.excited
答案 B
解析推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“‘What? Havewemovedtosomeothercountry? Maybewe’vediedandgonetoheaven！’Ithought.”可知，作者感到惊讶。

18.TheneighborsdidallofthefollowingEXCEPT.
A.helpthemunload
B.invitethemtodinner
C.offertodrivethemaround
D.welcometheircoming
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第四段第一句及最后两句可知，A、B、D三项的内容都是邻居们帮着做的事情，而没有提及C项。

故选C项。

19.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor’spastlife?
A.Hehatedtoliveinalittletown.
B.Hewasusedtooutgoingstrangers.
C.Heusuallyofferedsomehelptoothers.
D.Herefusedtomakefriendswithstrangers.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者过去不喜欢和陌生人交朋友。

故选D 项。

B
WhenyougotoSt.Petersburg，thenumberofattractionscanseemoverwhelming.Ifyou’reshortontime，orjustwanttomakesuretohitthehighlights，thesearethetopmust­seesightsinSt.Petersburg.
TheHermitageMuseum
TheHermitageMuseumisoneofthemostimportantsightstoseeforanyvisitortoSt.Peter sburg.ThereyoucanseelotsofdifferentpaintingsofoldmastersinsidetheHermitage.Prep aret ocomeface­to­facewithclassicWesternartists.
TheRussianMuseum
TheRussianMuseumholdsoneofthelargestcollectionsofRussianartintheworld.ViewR ussianartcreationsthroughtheages，fromByzantine­styleiconstotheSocialistRealismofStalin’stimes.
KizhiIsland
KizhiIslandis anopen­airmuseumofwoodenbuildingsfromtheKareliaRegionofRussia. Theseimpressivestructuresaremadewithoutanynails(钉子)—thewoodfitstogetherwithjointsandgrooves(沟槽).
Peterhof
Peterhofisasbeautifulasitisfun.You’llbechargedforadmission(门票)，butgotoPeterhofwhenthefountains(喷泉) areworkingduringthedayinthesummer.Theyareshutoffinwinteraswellasintheevenings.
TheChurchofOurSavioronSpilledBlood
Loveitorhateit，theChurchofOurSavioronSpilledBloodisanattractivemust­seesight.Thebeautifullookm aymakeyoureyesbrighten，andthepaintingsinsidethechurchwillmakeyousay“Wow！”
TheBronzeHorsemanStatue
TheBronzeHorsemanisapartofRussianCultureandasymbolofSt.Petersburg.Madefamou sbyAlexanderPushkin(普希金)，thisstatueofPetertheGreatsittingonhishorsecantrulyshowPetertheGreat’sinfluence ontheRussianideaofgreatness.
20.Ifyou’reinterestedinpaintings，you’dbettergoto.
A.theHermitageMuseumandPeterhof
B.theHermitageMuseumandtheChurchofOurSavioronSpilledBlood
C.KizhiIslandandtheChurchofOurSavioronSpilledBlood
D.theRussianMuseumandKizhiIsland
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

由第二段和第六段paintings可知。

21.ThemanontheBronzeHorserefersto.
A.PetertheGreat
B.AlexanderPushkin
C.Byzantine
D.Stalin
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

由最后一段第二句话可知，塑像上的人物是彼得大帝。

22.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?
A.ThefountainsinPeterhofcanbeseenallyearround.
B.ThelargestcollectionofRussianartisintheHermitageMuseum.
C.ThebuildingsonKizhiIslandaremadeofwood.
D.YoucanvisitPeterhoffreeofcharge.
答案 C
解析推理判断题。

由第五段第二、三句可知，A项错误；由第三段可知，B项错误；由第五段第二句“You’llbechargedforadmission(门票)...”可知，D项错误；由第四段可知，C项正确。

Ⅳ.语法填空
(2017·山西怀仁一中高二上月考)
IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar23.broke(break) downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune，IwaswonderingwhereI24.wouldspend(spend) thenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswho25.hadgathered(gather) aroundmewerearguingasto26.whoshouldhavethehonorof27.receiving(receive) measaguestintheirhouse.Finally，Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme28 .settled(settle) intoatinybutcleanroom，theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometer saway29.wheretherewasagarage.
Ihadnoticedthreehens30.running(run)
freeinmyhostess’scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.31.Othe
r villagersbroughtmegoat’scheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked32.merrily(mer ry) tillfarintothenight.
Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage，IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcausedher.
Ⅴ.短文改错
LastsummerIdidsomefruit­picking.Itisprettyhardwork.Ihadtostartin7amandpickf oragoodeighthour.Butitwassuchcheerfulthatwehadgreatfun.Someofwehadguitars，
sointheeveningswehadbarbecuesandplayedabitmusictogether.Ionlygotabout80aweek，butattheleasttheygavemeallmymeals，andthefoodwasnotthatawfully.Basicaccommodationwasalsosupplying.Still，I’mafraidIwon’tbegoingfruit­pickingthissummer，becauseI’vegotatemporaryjobwhatpaysbetterintown.
答案
LastsummerIdidsomefruit­picking.It
is
was
prettyhardwork.Ihadtostart
in
at
7amandpickforagoodeight
hour
hours
.Butitwas
such
so
cheerfulthatwehadgreatfun.Someof
we
us
hadguitars，sointheeveningswehadbarbecuesandplayedabit ∧of
musictogether.Ionlygotabout80aweek，butat the leasttheygavemeallmymeals，
andthefoodwasnotthat awfully
awful
.Basicaccommodationwasalso
supplying
supplied
.Still，
I’mafraidIwon’tbegoingfruit­pickingthissummer，
becauseI’vegotatemporaryjob what
that/which
paysbetterintown.
Ⅵ.书面表达
(2016·湖南师范大学附属中学高二上检测)
请你以“TheSecrettoHappiness”为题写一篇英文演讲稿，要点如下：
1.保持积极乐观的生活态度；
2.学会与人相处；
3.培养兴趣爱好。

注意：1.词数100左右，不要逐句翻译。

2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

TheSecrettoHappiness Everybodyhopestobehappy
参考范文
TheSecrettoHappiness
Everybodyhopestobehappyandwearealwayssearchingforawaytomakeourselvesfeelgoo d.Asforme, thesecrettohappinessliesinthefollowingthreeaspects.
First, weshouldholdapositiveattitudetowardslife.Whateverdifficultieswehave, weshouldbeoptimisticandthinkaboutwhatwecandotogetbetterinsteadofcryingaboutwhat wehavelost.Second,
itisimportanttolearnhowtogetonwellwithothers.Stayingwithagoodfriendandsharingwh atweareinterestedincanbringushappiness.Third, ahobbycanbringusasenseofsatisfaction.Whenweareinlowspirits, wearesupposedtodosomethingthatwelike, suchasswimming, readingorsinging.
Asasayinggoes, “Happinessisachoice.”Itwillbewiseofyoutoforgetaboutsorrowsandworriesandchoosetoliveahappyandmeaningf ullife.。