高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习和答案
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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
这种句子称为含蓄条件句。
例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。
根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。
其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:The general sent the order that the battle (should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。
1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。
如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if,as though引导的从句。
如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。
如:
If only I had passed the test!
If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。
如:
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。
如:
Would you mind smoking here?
May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China!
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.Cristiano Ronaldo, who won four Champions League titles in nine seasons, makes it compulsory that, _______ you must remember, in order to succeed you ____ optimistic. A.what; are B.as; will be
C./; must be D.which; be
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句和虚拟语气。
句意:克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,在九个赛季中赢得了四次冠军联赛的冠军,你必须要记住,为了取得成功,你必须保持乐观。
本句的第一个空是定语从句的关系词,which指代前面的句子。
第二个空是虚拟语气should be optimistic,其中的should省略。
第二句是考查名词从句,其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是that in order to succeed you (should) be optimistic.英语中it is co mpulsory that…从句中要用虚拟语气should do…,should可省略。
句中的should省略了。
分析选项可知D项符合题意,故选D项。
2.He is not native; if he were, we ______ this discussion over his identity.
A.would not be having B.are not having
C.had not had D.will not have
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
本题考查的if条件句的虚拟语气,表示与现在的事实相反,if 从句中使用过去时(be动词用were),主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”;句意:他不是本地人。
如果他是本地人,我们就不会讨论他的身份了。
故A正确。
考点:考查虚拟语气
点评:在条件句的虚拟语气中,如果与现在事实相反,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”,从句中使用过去时;如果与过去相反,主句中使用“情态动词+have done”,从句中使用过去完成时。
3.Wouldn’t you rather your child____ successful with hi s study and on the scholarship? A.become B.became
C.would become D.becomes
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:句意:难道你不想让你的孩子在学业上成功,获得奖学金吗?would rather后面的从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反的情况用一般过去式,所以选B。
考点:考查虚拟语气
4.I can’t thank you _____much, because without your help I _____ have won the first place. A.too; wouldn’t B.very; shouldn’t
C.that; might not D.so; couldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查常用句型和虚拟语气。
句意:我再怎么感谢你也不为过,因为要是没有你的帮助,我就不能赢得第一名。
not… too much都不过分;without your help这是一个条件,主干是对过去的虚拟,故选A。
【点睛】
虚拟语气是高中阶段的重要语法项目,需要考生牢记各种情况的虚拟语气的谓语动词的形式,并要有分析理解语境的能力。
即学即练:—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of the rain.
—What a pity! If I had got the ticket, I ________ it.
A. wouldn’t have missed
B. wouldn’t miss
C. didn’t miss
D. hadn’t missed
解析:A。
根据上一句last night可知,本句表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句用would have done结构。
5._________, the world would be more harmonious.
A.Weren't there any wars B.There weren't any wars
C.Were there no wars D.Had there no wars
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。
根据后半句would be可知是对现在的虚拟,从句要用过去式,be动词一律用were,另本句为if条件句省略形式,要将were提到句首,同时如果条件句从句为否定,否定词应置于主语后,不能缩略为Weren't置于句首,句意:如果没有战争,世界会更和谐。
故选C
考点:考查虚拟语气
6.At the age of 14, Father had to leave school and start working. There would be no one to support the family _______ he not worked.
A.did B.has C.had D.was
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:14岁时,父亲不得不离开学校,开始工作。
要是他不工作的话,就没有人来养活这个家庭了。
此处是if引导的非真实条件句,与过去事实相反,当把if省略时则把助动词had/should情态动词were提到主语前面。
故选C。
7.The officer ______ that all of them should set out at six o’clock.
A.commanded B.said
C.told D.wanted
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词。
A. commanded命令; B. said说; C. told 告诉; D. wanted想要。
根据宾语从句中的谓语动词should set out,可知答案为A。
8.________ his parents’ advice, he ________ having made such a silly mistake now.
A.He had taken; would not regret
B.Had he taken; would not regret
C.He had taken; would not have regretted
D.Had he had taken; would not have regretted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查倒装和虚拟语气。
句意:如果他听取父母的建议,他就不会现在犯如此愚蠢的错误。
If从句与过去相反用过去完成时,省略if后,提前had。
主句有提示词now,表示与现在相反,用would+动词原形。
故选B。
9.________there were more people donating money to charity collections!
A.Only if B.If only
C.What if D.How about
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句式。
A. Only if 只要; B. If only要是;C. What if假使---将会怎样; D. How about觉得怎么样。
句意:要是有更多的人捐款给慈善机构就好了!if only要是……就好了。
根据句意可知选B。
【名师点睛】
Only if只要,引导条件状语从句;If only要是---就好了,if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同:
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。
If only he didn't drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。
【友情提示】if only 通常独立使用,没有主句。
10.(2017•江苏) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A.It were B.Were it
C.It was D.Was it
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气的省略。
句意:要不是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
根据句意可知,表示与过去相反的虚拟语气,虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had +主语...,故选B。
11.—How do you find the health club?
—I ________ it. Everyone is saying its management is going from bad to worse.
A.ought to join B.should have joined
C.would like to have joined D.would rather not have joined
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词与虚拟语气。
句意:——你认为这个健身俱乐部怎么样? ——我宁愿没参加。
每个人都说它的管理每况愈下。
本题是表示与现在的事实相反。
A项表示“我应该加入”,说的是现在的情况,与语境不符,A项错误;should have done本应该做某事,实际上却未做;would like to have done本想要做某事;would rather not have done宁愿没有做某事。
D 项符合语境。
12.—1 am so nervous. I have a feeling that I am gonna be embarrassed in the interview.
—If I were you, I ______ for it last night instead of watching movies.
A.would prepare B.prepared
C.had prepared D.would have prepared
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:——我感到非常紧张。
我有一种感觉,我在面试中会很尴尬。
——如果我是你,昨晚我会准备面试而不是看电影。
此处是if条件从句的虚拟语气,从句与现在事实相反,主句表示与过去的事实相反,用would have+过去分词,故选D.
13.We _______ home now if you hadn’t taken the wrong turning.
A.would be B.are
C.were D.will be
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果你没有拐错弯,我们现在已经在家了。
此处是虚拟语气,从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时,主句表示与现在的事实相反用would/should/could/might+动词原形,故选A。
【名师点睛】
虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,要区别对待。
从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如:
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会是工程师了。
此处从句指过去的事实,如果当初努力学习,主句和现在事实相反,指现在就是工程师了。
本题考查此结构,从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时,主句表示与现在的事实相反用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
如:
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。
从句现在事实是他不认识她,主句与过去事实相反,指他没去问候。
从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。
如:
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。
从句与过去相反指今年下雨很多,主句与现在情况相反指庄稼没有长好。
14.Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________he had done something very clever.
A.as if B.in case
C.while D.though
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查状语从句。
句意:Jack什么也没说,但老师向他笑了笑,好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。
A. as if好像;B. in case以防;C. while当……的时候;D. though尽管。
根据句意,空格处需要填入“好像,仿佛”。
故选A。
15.Though his face suggested that there________ nothing serious, the doctor still suggested he ________ in bed for a few days.
A.was, stay B.was, stayed
C.be, stayed D.be, stay
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查suggest用法。
suggest表示建议的时候,后面的句子使用虚拟语气:should do构成,should可以省略;当suggest表示暗示,说明的时候,后面使用陈述语气。
第一空前的suggest意为暗示,说明,所以使用陈述语气;第二空前的suggest意为建议,后面使用虚拟语气。
结合句意可知A正确。
句意:尽管他的脸表明没有什么严重的事情,但医生还是建议他卧床几天。
故选A。
【点睛】
Suggest用法小结
1.suggest表示建议
1)suggest+doing sth.
He suggested going out for a walk.
2)suggest +(that )+主语+(should) do+sth 其中的should 可以省略
He suggested that you should go there tomorrow.
=He suggested you go there tomorrow.
注意,不可以这样说:He suggested you to go there tomorrow.也就是说suggest不可以加不定式的复合结构.
3)it is suggested that +主语+(should )do sth.
It is suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.
4)suggestion做主语时,其后的表语从句也用这个结构即:The suggestion is that +主语
+should +do sth
His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.
2.suggest 表示暗示或表明之意,注意此时做主语时后面的表语从句用陈述语气
Her yawn suggested that she was sleepy.她哈欠连天表明她困了。
16.When it comes to death, Vincent Van Gogh ________ by others in that his wound didn’t indicate suicide, while Albert Einstein ________ longer but he refused surgery,
A.may have been killed; should have lived
B.should have been killed; should have lived
C.may have been killed; must have lived
D.should have been killed: must have lived
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词和虚拟语气。
句意:谈到死亡,文森特·梵高可能被其他人杀害,因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀,而阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦本应该活得更长,但他拒绝接受手术。
A. may have been killed; should have lived可能被其他人杀害,本应该活得更长;B. should have been
killed; should have lived本应该被其他人杀害,本应该活得更长;C. may have been killed; must have lived可能被其他人杀害,一定活了很长;D. should have been killed: must have lived本应该被其他人杀害,一定活了很长。
结合句意,may have done 表示对发生过的事情的推测,should have done 本应该做某事,实际未做,符合句意。
故选A项。
17.Had he picked up some Sichuan dialect when he studied with his classmates from Sichuan, he with the old local villagers tomorrow.
A.spoke B.could speak
C.could have spoken D.will speak
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果他在和来自四川的同学一起学习时学会了一些四川方言的话,明天他就能和当地的老村民进行交流了。
本句是错综时间条件句,省略了if的从句用了过去完成时,表示与过去事实相反的情况;而根据主句中表示将来的时间状语tomorrow可知,主句表示与将来事实相反的情况,谓语动词应用would/could/might/should do。
故选B 项。
18.It was ordered that no smoking ___________ in the library.
A.be allowed B.would be allowed
C.was allowed D.has been allowed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:图书馆规定不允许吸烟。
在It's ordered that……从句中用should 加动词原形,其中should可以省略。
故选A。
19.I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother
A.has come B.did come
C.come D.had come
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我没有在会上见到你妹妹。
如果她来了,她会遇见我哥哥的。
if 引导的虚拟条件句,与过去事实相反的假设。
主句谓语动词形式would/could/might/should have done,条件从句的谓语动词形式had done。
故D选项正确。
【点睛】
If 引导的虚拟条件句
本句表示与过去事实相反的假设。
主句谓语动词形式would/could/might/should have done,条件从句的谓语动词形式had done。
故D选项正确。
20.The old professor insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to .
A.was discussed B.would be discussed
C.be discussed D.being discussed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:老教授坚持要讨论那个需要注意的问题。
insist表示“坚持要求”时,其后的宾语从句要用should do的虚拟语气,其中should可以省略,其discuss与主语problem是被动关系,故C项正确。
【点睛】
在表示建议、坚持、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中,要用should do的虚拟语气,本题中,requiring paying attention to作后置定语修饰the problem,所以to后不用动名词作宾语。
21.As many as 150 people died in the explosion. If only the owners ____ enough attention to the safety measures!
A.paid B.should pay
C.would pay D.had paid
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:多达150人在爆炸中丧生。
要是业主对安全措施给予足够的重视就好了!根据句意可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的情况,应使用过去完成时。
故D选项正确。
【点睛】
If only:常常用来表示强烈的愿望,使用虚拟语气时和wish类似,表达强烈的遗憾或与真实条件不符的愿望。
因而使用起来的形式也与wish相同。
1.表示与将来情况不同:if only+从句主语+would(could, might)+动词原形
eg:If only she would try again.我希望她能再试一次。
2.表示与现在情况不同:if only+从句主语+动词过去式
eg:If only I wasn't going to London.我希望我没去过伦敦。
3.表达与过去情况不同:if only+从句主语+would/could have/had+过去分词
eg:If only you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
以上就是if only的三种用法,if only的用法与wish基本相似。
22.Investigators urged that safety procedures at the construction site ___________ as soon as possible.
A.would improve B.were improved
C.improved D.be improved
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:调查人员敦促建筑工地上的安全操作要尽早改善。
动词urge后的宾语从句要使用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。
本句主语safety procedures at the construction site与improve构成被动关系,要用被动语态,句中还省略了should。
故D项正确。
23.The explosion in the chemical plant ______ avoided had the county authorities, aiming too much at short-term interests, performed their duties from the beginning.
A.should be B.might be C.must have been D.could have been 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:如果县政府从一开始就履行自己的职责而不是过分着眼于短期利益,那么这座化工厂的爆炸本来是可以避免的。
分析句子可知,本句是对过去事情的虚拟,if引导的条件句用过去完成时,if省略,句子倒装,所以主句是had the county authorities, aiming too much at short-term interests, performed their duties from the beginning,从句是could have been。
故D选项正确。
【点睛】
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:
分析句子可知,本句是对过去事情的虚拟,if引导的条件句用过去完成时,if省略,句子倒装,所以主句是had the county authorities, aiming too much at short-term interests, performed their duties from the beginning,从句是could have been。
故D选项正确。
24.—What do you think of the newly-released film Capernaum?
—It touched my heart deeply. But for your recommendation I _________ it.
A.had missed B.would miss C.would have missed D.must have missed 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:---你觉得新上映的电影《迦百农》怎么样?---它深深地触动了我的心。
要不是你的推荐,我就错过了。
虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or,even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句。
但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。
分析句子可知,本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设。
从句为:If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为:I would have missed it。
故C选项正确。
【点睛】
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表:
有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or,even, in case of, what if(如
果…将如何)等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句 (考试时多数情况是对过去的假。
但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。
分析句子可知,本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设。
从句为:If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为:I would have missed it。
故C选项正确。
25.Bob ______ his fortune; otherwise, he ______ from stress to pay back the loan.
A.must have made; wouldn’t have suffered
B.couldn’t have made; would have suffered
C.must have made; would have suffered
D.couldn’t have made; wouldn’t suffer
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词和虚拟语气。
句意:鲍勃一定发了财,否则,他会承受偿还贷款的压力。
otherwise前是对过去事情的推测,must + have + done表示对已发生事情的肯定推测,意为一定做过某事,一定已经做过某事,想必已经做过某事,该结构只用于肯定的陈述句中。
otherwise 意为否则,要不然,根据其后的句意,是不真实的,句子要用虚拟语气,且是与过去的事实相反的虚拟语气,要用should/would/might/could+ have done,故选C。
【点睛】
1、must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。
2、must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
如,You have worked hard all day .You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
3、must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
如,I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4、must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接完成进行式。
如,——Why didn’t you answer my phone call?
——Well, I must have been sleeping,so I didn’t hear it.
26.______ is of vital importance that we ______ something to protect our precious cultural heritage.
A.It, do B.What, did C.That, should do D.Whether, will do 【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查代词和虚拟语气。
句意:我们做一些事情来保护我们宝贵的文化遗产是至关重要的。
第一个空是形式主语,代指that we ______ something to protect our precious cultural heritage,形式主语应用it。
It is important/of importance that clause句式中,that从句应用
虚拟语气,其谓语部分为should do形式,should可以省略。
故第二个填do。
综上,故选A。
27.What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake, __________ to save their child.
A.had they not come back B.have they come back
C.did they not come back D.did they come back
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查省略if的条件句。
句意:真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子,这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。
分析句子可知,此处为if引导的虚拟条件句,与过去事实相反,从句的谓语动词为had come back,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把had置于句首。
从句“if they had not come back”省略if,提前had,句子写成“had they not come back”。
故选A项。
【点睛】
if引导的虚拟条件句,当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首。
28.It is important that we ________ the window before we leave.
A.shall close B.will close C.must close D.close
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我们离开前关上窗户是很重要的。
诸如necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity、the shame、no wonder等表情绪、观点的形容词或名词要用虚拟语气,符合“It is...that +主语从句”的结构,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should的省略要看情况而定。
句中表示建议的语气,should可以省略。
故选D项。
29.My adviser recommended that I ______for advanced literature because I like English. A.sign up B.signed up C.was signed up D.am signing up
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。
句意:我的指导老师建议我报名参加高级文学,因为我喜欢英语。
主句中谓语动词“recommend(建议)”后面跟宾语从句,从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词为“(should)+动词原形”;再根据从句主语“I”与“sign up for (报名参加)”应该是主动关系,所以该空应该填(should) sign up,should可以省略。
故选A。
【点睛】
30. it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
A.Should B.Would
C.Could D.Must
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用should + v原形。
句意:如果明天下雨,
会议将会被推迟。
此处是if引导的非真实条件句,如果把if省略,则将情态动词should提到主语的前面。
故选A。
【点睛】
if 的虚拟语气讲解
1.对现在情况的假设:表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况.形式:If+主语+did,主语
+should/ would /could +do.例句:If you knew english well,you would be able to talk with foreigners freely.
2.对过去情况的假设:表示与过去事实相反的情况.形式:if+主语+had done,主语
+should/would /could+have done.例句:if i had not studied hard ,i might have failed in the exam.(事实是我通过考试了)
3.对将来情况的假设:表示将来实现可能性不大的情况.形式:if+主语+did/were to do
/should do,主语+should /would /could do.例句:if he should change his mind ,what would we do? if的省略:在正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,这时从句需要采用倒装语序,即:将were,had,should等助动词提到主语前面,主句不做任何变化.例句:should it rain tomorrow,we would staly at home.
错综时间:所谓错综时间是指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间.这时,需要根据意思选用表示不同时间的虚拟语气形式.例句:if i were you ,i would have taken his advice.(从句表示现在时间,主句表示过去时间),我要是你,就听他的忠告了。