高考英语 提分单元加餐练 第辑 Unit 4 Astronomy the s

落堕市安心阳光实验学校Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars
单元加餐练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23­gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000. And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。

文章主要介绍了国外一家公司研发飞行汽车的最新进展。

1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The basic data of the Transition.
B．The advantages of flying cars.
C．The potential market for flying cars.
D．The designers of the Transition.
答案：A 主旨大意题。

根据第一段中提到飞行汽车的两个座位、四个轮子以及车翼、飞行速度、油耗等情况可知，该段是在介绍飞行汽车Transition
的基本数据。

故选A。

2．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A．It causes traffic jams.
B．It is difficult to operate.
C．It is very expensive.
D．It burns too much fuel.
答案：C 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000.”可知，此款汽车不能推广的主要原因是它太贵了。

故选C。

3．What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?
A．Cautious. B．Favorable.
C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.
答案：B 观点态度题。

根据第三段“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”中的permit可知，政府对此持支持的态度。

故选B。

4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Flying Car at Auto Show
B．The Transition's First Flight
C．Pilots' Dream Coming True
D．Flying Car Closer to Reality
答案：D 标题判断题。

本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了一种新型的飞行汽车。

新闻报道的主题句通常是第一句话，本文的第一句中提到了“flying car”和“closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year”由此可知，飞行汽车快要变成现实了。

故选D。

B
Pluto—which famously was degraded from a “major planet” in 2006—captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.
Pluto's underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so appealing. Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas far boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self­ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, Tombaugh's task was to search among millions of stars for a moving point of light, a planet
that the observatory's founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune. After years' efforts, Tombaugh finally found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the darkness of the Great Depression.
For decades, Pluto thrived in its role as the ninth major planet of our solar system, even though it was tiny compared to the others and so far away.
However, 62 years after its discovery, two astronomers discovered another planet­like object beyond the orbit of Neptune. Six months later, they discovered a third object. It looked like Pluto might actually be a member of a sort of asteroid belt, similar to but way beyond one we've known about for a long time between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Another 14 years passed, dozens more objects beyond Neptune like Pluto had been discovered, so the International Astronomical Union elected to degrade the planet. It now shares its dwarf planet designation with three of the 1,200 bodies that have been located beyond Neptune today, collectively known as “Kuiper Belt Objects”．
The Kuiper Belt is populated by icy bodies that are remnants of the solar system's formation. These are the building blocks of planets. We now also know the surface of Pluto contains ices composed of methane, nitrogen, and other compounds familiar to us. It also seems to have a bright polar cap, like on Earth. Its atmosphere is very thin, but it's composed largely of nitrogen, like our own.
So, as we finally get within 7,800 miles of Pluto today, we scientists are hoping we can finally understand how the chaos at the beginning of the solar system could have created objects so similar and yet so foreign as Earth and Pluto. Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It's a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own—that the sky isn't the limit at all. We don't know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get out there to look.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冥王星从被发现到被降级的原因及经过。

5．Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in ________ .
A．1930 B．1939
C．1992 D．2006
答案：A 细节理解题。

由第一段中的“Pluto—which famously was degraded from a ‘major planet’ in 2006”以及第四段首句和第五段首句
可知，向前推76年就是发现冥王星的时间：(2006－76＝)1930年。

故答案选A。

6．Now the official designation of Pluto is ________ .
A．Asteroid Belt B．Kuiper Belt
C．Major Planet D．Dwarf Planet
答案：D 细节理解题。

由第五段第二句“It now shares its dwarf planet designation with three of the 1,200 bodies that have been located beyond Neptune today, collectively known as ‘Kuiper Belt Objects’．”可知，现在冥王星的正式名称是矮行星。

故答案选D。

7．Pluto and Earth are to some extent similar for ________ .
A．both of them are populated by icy bodies that are remnants of the solar system's formation 4.6 billion years ago
B．the atmosphere of either of them is mainly made up of nitrogen C．there are ices throughout the surface of both
D．both of them have bright polar caps on the north pole as well as the south pole
答案：B 推理判断题。

由第六段最后一句“Its atmosphere is very thin, but it's composed largely of nitrogen, like our own.”可推知，冥王星和地球在某种程度上具有相似之处，因为它们的大气层主要成分都是氮。

故答案选B。

8．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．There are nine major planets in the solar system.
B．There is an asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
C．Pluto now shares its designation with 1,200 bodies that have been located beyond Neptune.
D．Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto with the telescope out of spare auto parts, old equipment and self­ground lenses.
答案：B 细节理解题。

由第四段第三句“It looked like Pluto might actually be a member of a sort of asteroid belt, similar to but way beyond one we've known about for a long time between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.”可知，火星和木星之间有一个行星带。

故答案选B。

Ⅱ.七选五
Tips on buying outdoor solar lights
As solar lighting is becoming useful for homes, many different such outdoor lights can now be found in supermarkets. Here are some helpful tips for customers.
●Does your area receive enough direct lighting?
__1__So you shouldn't even give it a thought if you live in an area that doesn't get much sunlight. These lights need direct sunlight, or
they just won't work very well.
●__2__
The expensive one usually means good quality. Choosing the cheapest ones will result in many problems. For once, it's best to buy more expensive lights of high quality. __3__At least you should know the difference between a 10 light and a 45 light.
●Buy lights that require less installation (安装)．
Most solar lights are simply driven into the ground. Therefore, you shouldn't deal with the difficulty in installing a system that involves anything more than that. __4__You don't need to buy lights that require half an hour each to plant into the ground because that's just a waste of time.
●Make sure the lights can store enough energy.
Different solar lights can store different amounts of energy. __5__Therefore, you should choose lights that are able to store enough energy to last for a few hours or more, at least those that will last from nightfall throughout most of the night and part of the morning.
A．Without sunlight, solar lighting is useless.
B．Buy many solar lights instead of just one or two.
C．It means some will stay lit longer than the others.
D．Choose something a bit more expensive for once.
E．Solar lights are becoming more and more popular.
F．That doesn't mean you have to spend all your money.
G．They should take a few minutes each to get into the ground.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

现在太阳能灯变得越来越流行了，在超市里有很多出售的灯，文章介绍了购买太阳能灯的几个小建议。

1．A 根据“Does your area receive enough direct lighting？”这段的主旨句可知，在住的地方要能接受到足够的直接光线，所以A项“Without sunlight, solar lighting is useless.(没有阳光，太阳能灯就是无用的)”符合题意。

2．D 根据“The expensive one usually means good quality.”可知，贵的通常质量比较好，所以该段的主旨句为D项“Choose something a bit more expensive for once. (要挑选一些贵一点的)”。

3．F 根据这段的主题句可知，建议我们买一些贵的，但不意味着花所有的钱，所以F项合适。

4．G 根据段落里“Most solar lights are simply driven into the ground.”可知，大多数太阳能灯靠连接地面来驱动，所以G项“每个太阳能灯应该花几分钟的时间就能到达地面”符合题意。

5．C 根据“Different solar lights can store different amounts of energy.”可知，不同的太阳能灯储存不同数量的能源，所以有些太阳能灯比其他的要亮持久点。

Ⅲ.语法填空
Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life, he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons. He taught __1__the love of wisdom, not for money. And __2__he had to say was always new and worth hearing. All his pupils loved him.
But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some __3__(danger) enemies. The rulers did not want to be questioned. So they __4__(false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and __5__(lead) them to ignore religion. In fact Socrates was a very religious man. His enemies had him __6__(arrest), and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.
During the 30 days before he was put to death, his friends and pupils __7__(allow) to visit him in his prison. They were astonished to find that __8__was calm and cheerful. He had no fear of dying. When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates, his friends were in __9__(tear), but Socrates seemed to be the __10__(brave) man in the room. He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要记叙了伟大的古代哲学家苏格拉底的故事。

1．for 考查介词。

由设空后的“not for money”可知，此处填介词for 表示“为了”，说明他上课是为了对智慧的热爱，故填for。

2．what 考查主语从句的连接词。

此处what作连接代词引导主语从句，意为“……的东西(事情)”，故填what。

3．dangerous 考查词性转换。

形容词dangerous用来修饰名词enemies。

4．falsely 考查词性转换。

此处副词falsely用来修饰动词短语accused sb. of。

5．leading 考查非谓语动词。

accuse sb. of doing sth. “指控某人做某事”。

此处leading和teaching并列，表示指控的内容，故填leading。

6．arrested 考查非谓语动词。

have him arrested “他被逮捕”，过去分词在此处表示被动含义，故填arrested。

7．were allowed 考查被动语态。

此处用被动语态表示“他的朋友和学生被允许去看他”，故填were allowed。

8．he 考查代词。

he在此处代指苏格拉底，表示他们很吃惊地发现他很
镇定和高兴，故填he。

9．tears 考查名词的数。

in tears表示“眼含泪水”，固定搭配。

10．bravest 考查形容词的最高级。

the＋形容词最高级，表示“最……”，使用bravest表示“最勇敢的”，说明苏格拉底似乎是房间里最勇敢的人，故填bravest。

Ⅳ.书面表达
随着科技的发展，人类对外层空间的探索越来越深入。

你们班据此展开了一次调查，请根据表格中的内容写一篇短文，谈谈你的观点和想法。

A survey about the exploration of outer space is conducted in our class. _______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________[范文]
A survey about the exploration of outer space is conducted in our class. The result shows that different students have different opinions.
The majority are in favor of space exploration because the Chinese people have been dreaming of going into outer space for a long time. Exploring space will help China to take part in the international competition in the future. However, some students argue against it. In their opinion, space exploration calls for a large amount of money, which increases the economic burden. In addition, as a developing country, China is supposed to make every effort to solve other social problems.
Personally, it's necessary for us to explore space, and we not only feel happy but also proud of the great achievements made in this field. As a student, I will study hard so that I can make a great contribution to our country.。