初高中英语语法衔接学案-词法、句子成分和结构

初高中英语语法衔接专题
编辑：毛铭钦2019.07.24
专题一十大词性简讲
一、名词（n.）
1.定义：表示人或事物名称的词叫名词||。

e.g. Tom||，scientist||，doctor||，feeling||，Internet||，Shanghai||，animal
2.名词的句法功能
1) The book is well worth reading.
2) He knew 6 languages.
3) They elected him monitor.
4) Is it a color TV?
5) I watch a football match last night.
二、代词（pron.）
1.定义：代词是代替名词的词||。

英语的代词按照其不同的含义与作用可分为9类：人称代词||，物主代词||，反身代词||，指示代词||，相互代词||，不定代词||，疑问代词||，连接代词||，关系代词||。

2.分类
单数复数
1）人称代词主格：I||，you||，he||，she||，it we||，you||，they
宾格：me||，you||，him||，her||，it us||，you||，them
2）物主代词形容词：my||，your||，his||，her||，its our||，your||，their
名词：mine||，your||，his||，hers||，its ours||，yours||，theirs
3)反身代词myself||，yourself||，himself||，herself||，ourselves||，yourselves||，themselves
itself
4)指示代词this||，that these||，those
5)相互代词宾格: each other||，one another
所有格：each other’s||，one another’s
6)不定代词可数：each||，one||，many||，(a) few||，both||，another||，either||，neither
不可数：much||，(a) little
可数/不可数：all||，some||，none||，such||，any||，other
复合不定代词：anybody||，anyone||，anything||，somebody||，someone||，
something||，nobody||，nothing||，everybody||，everyone||，
everything
7)疑问代词：who||，whom||，whose||，which||，what
8)连接代词：who(ever)||，whom(ever)||，whose(ver)||，which(ever)||，what(ever)
9)关系代词：who||，whom||，whose||，which||，that||，as
三、形容词（adj.）
1.定义：形容词用于修饰名词或代词||，表示人或事物的性质和特征||，在句中可作：
定语、表语、补语或状语||。

2.句法功能
1) He lives in an old house.
2) After a long walk||，I felt tired.
3) He spent seven days in the wind and snow||，cold and hungry.
4) He found it easy to learn English.
四、副词(adv.)
1.定义：副词用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、句子||，主要用作状语||，
少数与介词同形的副词还可作表语或补足语||。

注：副词有9种：时间||，地点||，方式||，程度||，疑问||，连接||，关系||，频度和说明性
副词||。

2.句法功能
1) It’s raining hard.
2) This is a fairly useful tool.
3) Perhaps he will telephone later.
4) Is he up?
5) She is out.
6) Life here is full of joy.
7) Ask him in||，please.
五、冠词(art.)
1.定义：虚词||，本身不能独立使用||，一般出现在名词前||，对名词加以限制||。

冠词
分为不定冠词(a||，an)和定冠词(the)两种||。

定冠词the表特指||，e.g. the man; 不定冠
词a(n)在名词前表泛指||，e.g. a man||。

六、介词(prep)
1.定义：介词又叫前置词||，表示它后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句子其
他成分的关系||。

注：介词+宾语→介词短语/介宾短语
n./pron./doing/宾语从句等→宾语一般是名词或与其功能相似的词或结构||。

2.句法功能
1) The conference will be held on May 4th||，in Beijing.
2) The building at the end of the street is a hotel.
3) The question is under discussion.
4) We found the map quite out of date.
5) To my surprise||，they succeeded.
七、连词(conj.)
1.定义：连词是在词、短语、从句或句子之间起连接作用的词||，是虚词||，不单独作句子成分||，按其在句子中的作用可分为并列连词和从属连词两种||。

1）并列连词表词、短语、句子彼此之间具有并列关系||，e.g. and||，but||，both…and||，or||，so等||。

2）从属连词表连接主句和从句的连词||。

e.g. I don’t know whether he will go himsel
f.
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八、动词(v.)
1.定义：指表动作的词||，还表状态和性质的词||，有时态、语态和语气等的变化||。

2.功能：放在主语后充当谓语||，称为谓语动词||，充当其他句子成分时称为非谓语动词||，此时有形式上的变化：doing||，to do||，done||。

3.分类：1）根据在句中的功能||，可分为：①实意动词（行为动词）②系动词③助动词④情态动词
2）根据其后是否可直接跟宾语||，可分为①及物动词(vt.)②不及物动词(vi.)||，有时同一个动词既可用作vt.||，也可用作vi.||。

3）从是否延续来分||，可分为①延续性动词②非延续性动词（短暂性动词）
注：1）vt.不可单独使用||，必须和其后的宾语一起使用||，有被动语态||。

vi.后不能直接跟宾语||，若跟宾语||，必须借助于介词或其他词类；也可单独使用||，无被动||。

2）系动词本身有词义||，但不能单独作谓语||，后须跟表语构成系表结构||，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况||。

3）助动词协助主动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词||。

它本身无词义||，不可单独作谓语||。

基本动词有：be/do/have||。

4）情态动词有词义||，但不能单独作谓语||，必须和实意动词一起构成谓语||。

青苔动词没有人称、数的变化||，两个纯情态动词不能连用||，但可以说：I’ll have to…
九、数词numeral (num.)
表示数目或顺序one||，two…first||，second…
十、感叹词||，Interjections (int.)
oh||，hello||，hi||，yeah等
专题二句子及句子成分
一、句子的定义:
句子是包含主语和谓语部分的一组词||。

它有一定的语法结构和语调||，用来表达一个比较
完整的独立的概念||。

句子开头第一个字母要大写||，句子末尾要有句号、问号或叹号||。

二、句子的种类和类型
1.句子按其用途可分为四类
1）陈述句||，用以陈述事实||。

I don’t care what she thinks.
2)疑问句||，用以提出问题||。

Your friend is a doctor||，isn’t he ? / When do we meet again?
3)祈使句||，用以表示命令||，请求等||。

Have a good sleep and think it over.
4）感叹句||，用以表示各种强烈的感情||。

What a coincidence to meet in San Francisco!
2.句子按其结构分为四种形式
1）简单句||，由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成||。

The cause of the fire was a cigarette-end.
2)并列句||，由两个或两个以上的简单句（分句）组成||。

结构：⑴分句+并列连词+分句
⑵分句；分句（此结构中||，分号相当于并列连词||，且第二个分句的第一个字母不大写||。

）
Cotton is falling in prices||，and buyers hold off.
Henry prefers strawberry pie||，but his wife always bakes apple pies.
3)复合句||，由主句和其他从句组成||。

结构：主句+从属连词-从句；从属连词-从句+主句
注：分析主从句时||，应先找出主句||，再判断从句类型||。

He was an old man who wore thick glasses.
4）并列复合句||，即含有复合句的并列句||。

结构：主句+从属连词-从句+并列连词+主句+从属连词+从句.
主句+从属连词-从句+并列连词+分句.
注：此句型中||，并列连词起连接作用||，连接前后复句或分句||，因此应分别分析前后复句||。

翻译：
1) The advertisement said the coat was on sale for $20||，but it was actually $22.
2) I ask a man who has a wife and 3 children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that
whoever came home from work first did it.
三、句子成分
（一）五种基本句型：
1）主语+谓语
2）主语+谓语+宾语
3）主语+系动词+表语
4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(宾语补足语)
（二）句子成分：
1.主语：是一个句子所叙说的主体||。

主语的位置一般在句首||，一般不省略||。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中||，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面||。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示||。

（注：祈使句无主语||，但隐含一个主语you||，常表两人面对面说话||，已知说话对象||，所以无需加主语）
例如：
During the 1990s||，American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语||，真正的主语为后面的不定式）找出下面句子的主语：
1) Children grow very fast.
2) Nobody knows who took the key.
3) Three plus five equals eight.
4) My brother gave me two books. The first was a novel.
5) To see is to believe.
6) Looking up all the words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.
7) The blind are well cared for in our country.
8) How to do it well is an important question.
9) What he said is quite true.
10) That the sun rises in the east is common knowledge.
注：一般情况下||，主语在谓语前面||，即自然语序（陈述句语序）||，还有一种倒装语序||，即谓
语在前||，主语在其后||。

翻译：Hardly had they reached home when it began to snow.
2.谓语：谓语或谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后||。

谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词/情态动
词/be+主要动词）构成||。

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成||。

如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成||。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成||。

如：We are students.
找出下面句子的谓语：
1) What happened?
2) The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
3) We were beaten by their team.
4) You can do it if you try hard.
3.表语：说明或表述主语的身份、特征和状态的||，位置在系动词（如be||，become||，get||，look||，grow||，turn||，seem等）之后||。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示||。

例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
找出下列句子的表语：
1) Africa is a big continent.
2) My father became an army officer during the Anti-Japanese War.
3) Oh||，it’s you.
4) Our teacher was satisfied with my work.
5) Three times five is fifteen.
6) She was the third to arrive.
7) Our chief method is to learn English through practice.
8) Their job is teaching English.
9) The patient is out of danger.
10) I must be off now.
11) What surprised us most was that he spoke Chinese so well.
4.宾语：表示动作的对象||，是动作的承受着||。

宾语一般放在vt.或prep.之后||。

例如：
They went to see an e xhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）||，例如：Lend me your dictionary||，please.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）||，例如：They elected him their monitor.
找出下列句子的宾语：
1) He takes a cold bath every morning.
2) All of us like him.
3) Give me four.
4) He began to learn English a year ago.
5) Do you mind my opening the window?
6) They teach the blind to read Braille.
7) He did not know what to say.
8) I wonder if you’d like to go with us.
9) Before the sales started||，I made a list of what my kids would need for the coming season.
5.宾语补足语: 在宾语的后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾语补足语||。

英语中有些及物动词||，除有一个直接宾语以外||，还要有一个宾语补语||，才能使句子的意义完整||。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）||。

宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当||。

例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
找出下列句子的宾补：
1) We made him our monitor.
2) I don’t believe the story true.
3) He found the meeting over when he arrived there.
4) You should put your things in order.
5) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
6) We saw the pupils playing basketball.
7) He tried to make himself understood.
6.定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语||。

单词作定语时常放在它所修饰的n.之前||，但修饰复合代词（即nothing||，anything||，everything||，something等）时||，放在其后||。

短语和从句作定语时||，也放在被修饰的n.之后||。

定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
找出下列句子的定语：
1) We will build our motherland into a great modern socialist country.
2) I have something important to tell you.
3) There are few women workers in the factory.
4) The oil workers here come from Daqing.
5) We have got ten desks in the room.
6) Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science.
7) As he has a lot of work to do||，he is often the last one to leave the office after work.
8) This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.
9) The girl playing the violin is Li’s younger sister.
10) The dormitory built last year is for post-graduate.
7.同位语：在一个n.或pron.后面||，对前面的性质或情况作进一步说明||，这样的词或结构叫做同位语||。

结构：n./pron.+同位语||。

找出下面句子里的同位语：
1) They girls may go there by bus.
2) This is Miss Green||，the new English teacher.
3) We all wanted to see her.
4) You three go and look for it in your room.
5) You may leave this work to us two.
6) We are facing the question whether he has known it.
8.状语: 修饰v.||，adj.||，adv.||，介词短语||，从句或全句的成分是状语||。

修饰adj.的状语常放adj.之前||，修饰v.的状语常放v.之后||。

但有些表频率的adv.(如often||，always||，usually 等)作状语时||，则放行为动词之前||。

Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin||，you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to ca tch up with the others||，I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
找出下列句子的状语：
1) He knows how to teach English properly.
2) My parents often tell us about their life in the past.
3) We have been best friends since primary school.
4) He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.
5) He came here to see his parents.
6) Seen from the top of the hill||，the city looks beautiful.
7) He heard some noises when he was reading.
注: 1）掌握五种基本句型||，记住每个句子成分的位置||，造句就不会语法错误||。

2）读长难句时||，要先找句子主干||，再看修饰成分和短语（固定结构）||，句子意思便一目了
然||。

翻译：
1) He made a lot of scientific discoveries that he shared with the world||，particular in the field of astronomy.
2) In 1985||，there was little rainfall in Ethiopia||，which led to destroyed harvests and killed cattle.
3) The severity of this catastrophe shocked Bob Geldof||，an Irish musician who organized a charity concert called Live Aid to raise money for famine victims in Ethiopia.
练习一句子及句子成分
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there||，reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man
B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now
D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold
B. is wet and co ld
C. not wet and cold
D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets
B. sweetly
C. nicely
D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately
B. late
C. latest
D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead
B. died
C. dyed
D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired||，but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We||，us
B. Us||，we
C. We||，our
D. We||，we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd
B. crowding
C. crowded
D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its
B. i t
C. that
D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks
B. is looked
C. is being looked
D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that
B. when
C. in which
D. where
参考答案
一、1、主语||，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语||，状语；4、定语；5、状语||，状语；6、定语||，表语；7、宾语||，状语；8、谓语||，主语；9、谓语；10、主语||，表语；11、谓语||，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语||，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语||，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语||，状语；18、形式主语||，表语||，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语
二、略三、略
四、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB
专题三简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old;
She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：
Do they like skating? How old is he?
Is he six or seven years old? Which do you prefer||，tea or coffee?
When do you think he will come ? Who do you suggest be sent to go abroad?
Mary can swim||，can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful||，boys. Don’t talk in class
注意下面句子的含义：
Don’t you open the door!
Everybody stand up! Nobody move! Somebody lend me a pen!
比较：Everybody stood up when the teacher came in
Nobody moved when the police broke in.
Somebody lent me a pen when my pen was missing.
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
How he is !
What he is !
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）||。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2)并列句：由并列连词（and||，but||，or||，not only…but also…||，neither…nor…||，等）
或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成||。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的||，道路是曲折的||。

Hurry up||，you’ll miss the train.
Hurry up||，you’ll catch the train.
I was doing my homework t he light went out.
I was doing my homework he was watching TV.
It must have rained last night||，for the ground is wet.
She must have cried for her eyes are red.
He not only gave us a lot of advice||，but also helped us to study English.
Either Tom is coming or his sisters are.
Either Tom or his sisters are coming.
Neither Tom nor his sisters are coming.
Not only was everything he had taken away from him||，but also his German citizenship.
Neither could theory do without practice||，nor could practice do without theory.
August is the time of the year for rive harvest||，so every day I work from dawn until dark.
1、表示连接两个同等概念||，常用and||，not only…but also…||，neither…nor…||，then 等连接||。

The teacher’s name is Smith||，and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择||，常用的连词有or||，either…or…||，otherwise等||。

Hurry up||，or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折||，常用的连词有but||，still||，however||，yet||，while等||。

He was a little man with thick glasses||，but he had a strange way of making his classes interesting.
4、表示因果关系||，常用的连词有so||，for||，therefore等||。

August is the time of the year for rive harvest||，so every day I work from dawn until dark.
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子||。

复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等||。

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.(状语从句)
This is the book which I am looking for. (定语从句)
What you said is correct. (主语从句)
I don’t know when she will come back. (宾语从句)
The news t hat our team had won excited us. (同位语从句)
His suggestion is that we should stay calm. (表语从句)
二、简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：
e.g. Our teacher of English is an American.（作表语）
Is it yours?（作表语）
The weather has turned cold.（作表语）
The speech is exciting. （作表语）
Three times seven is twenty one? （作表语）
His job is to teach English.（作表语）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（作表语）
The machine must be out of order.（作表语）
Time is up. The class is over. （作表语）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（作表语）
He well.他面色好||。

It nice.这个听起来不错||。

I good.我感觉好||。

Silk smooth.丝绸摸起来很光滑||。

The egg bad.这个鸡蛋难闻||。

The dish delicious. 这道菜吃起来很美味||。

He has a writer.他已经成为一名作家||。

He has turned . 他已经成为一名作家
He grew rich within a short time. 他没多长时间就富了||。

The problem unsolved. 那个问题仍未解决||。

He always silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默||。

His theory to be corrected..他的理论证明是正确的||。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了
仔细体会表语和主语的关系你会明白||，表语是表示主语的身份、特征和状态||，它一般位于系动词（如be||，become||，get||，look||，grow||，turn||，seem等）之后||。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示||。

2、主语+不及物动词：
e.g. She cried. It rained.
Nothing happened. The snake disappeared.
The Anti-Japanese war broke out in 1937.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：
e.g. Henry bought a dictionary yesterday. I enjoy sports.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：
e.g. My father bought me a new bike. = My father bought a new bike me.
Will you please choose me a better one?
= Will you please choose a better one me?
I’ll give you a new dictionary.= I’ll give a new dictionar y you.
注意：有些动词的双宾语语序是固定的||，一般不改变语序||。

A. ask||，answer等动词的间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前||。

如：
The students asked their teacher some questions.
Answer me one question.
B. introduce||，explain 等动词的间接宾语前用to||。

如：
The men introduced themselves to John.
The teacher explained the text to the students.
The teacher explained to the students what had happened..
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：
e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.（作宾语补足语）
His father named him Dongming. （作宾语补足语）
They painted their boat white. （作宾语补足语）
Let the fresh air in. （作宾语补足语）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（作宾语补足语）
We saw her entering the room. （作宾语补足语）
We found everything in the lab in good order. （作宾语补足语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（作宾语补足语）
They elected him their monitor. （作宾语补足语）
注意：比较双宾语和复合宾语的关系你会发现：之间是没有逻辑关系的||，而之间具有主语和表语的关系或主语和谓
语的关系||。

三、基本句型的扩展: 基本句型可通过不同的语法手段加以扩大||，使之成为千变万化的句子||，表达各种各样的思想||。

1、增加修饰语
（1）可一个个名词上附加上形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词短语或定语从句||。

如：
The girl is a singer. The girl is a famous Singer.
The girl is a famous singer.
The girl is a famous singer.
The girl is a famous singer.
The girl is a famous singer.
（2）可在一谓语动词上附加上介词短语、副词、不定式短语、分词短语或从句||。

He went there. He went there
He went there He went there
He went there when he was twenty.
Not knowing what to do ||，he went there.
2、并列
Suddenly he ||，straight up||，the ground.
He did not like us||，everyone knew it||，no one admitted it.
3、复合
What surprised us most was that he should be so should to his mother.
That he failed in the exam made his parents worried.
四、高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型||。

虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多||，但是在
阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解||，在书面表达中||，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的||。

2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一||。

有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查||。

一个题目||，几个考点||，是近几年命题的发展趋势||。

3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上||。

如：and||，but||，or||，while||，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词||。

4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起||，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显||，时间从句与条件从句中||，如果主句是将来时||，从句则用一般式表将来||，这一点在高考中经常考查||。

如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow||。

练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room||，isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind||，nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important||，isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、选择填空：
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and
B. or
C. if
D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late||，____?
A. hasn’t he
B. isn’t he
C. isn’t it
D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. What an
4. Let us pass||，____?
A. shan’t we
B. shall we
C. won’t we
D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious||，____ ?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. is he
D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here||，____?
A. will you
B. had you
C. shall you
D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then
B. but
C. and
D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this||，____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test||，and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too
B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has
D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing||，____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or
B. for
C. while
D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?
---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. an d C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?”----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which
B. How
C. How hot
D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer||，is he? ---- ____.
A. Yes||，he isn’t
B. No||，he isn’t
C. No||，he is
D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How||，is she
B. What||，is she
C. How||，she is
D. What||，she is
15. Mary went to bed early||，____ she felt very tired.
A. or
B. so
C. for
D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making
B. makes
C. is making
D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me
B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me
D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong||，____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he
B. but he
C. and
D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had||，____ I’ve lost it.
A. since
B. but
C. because
D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning
B. To turn
C. Turned
D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and||，and
B. and||，but
C. or||，and
D. or||，but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to||，____ I’m too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and
B. then
C. or
D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving
B. to arrive
C. having arrived
D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter||，____||，in fact||，I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom
B. where
C. which
D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
29. ---- Alice||，you feed the bird today||，____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you
B. will you
C. didn’t you
D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind
B. Glance at
C. Stare at
D. Watch
三、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month||，____________?（完成反意疑问）
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）。