河北省武邑中学2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试卷

英语试卷
注意事项:
1.答题前，考生务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的准考证号、姓名。

考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束，考生必须将答题卡交回。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman want to know?
A. If the man is thirsty.
B. If the man likes Beyonce.
C. If the man has heard some new music.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W:Have you heard the new Beyonc6 album? It’s called Lemonade.
M:No，I haven’t listened to it yet. Speaking of lemonade. I could really use something to drink!
【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man probably want the woman to do?
A. Fix his pants.
B. Give him his money back.
C. Give him a new pair of pants for flee.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M:I need to return this pair of pants.They have a hole in them.
W:Okay，sir.I can give you 50％off a new pair.
M:Just 50％? It’s not my fault that they have a hole. I just want a refund.
【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
Who might Shelly be?
A. The man’s wife.
B. The girl’s sister.
C. A babysitter.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W:I need help with my homework. Dad.
M:I’m running out the door to meet your mother. Shelly should be here to help you soon.She’s staying until 9:00 tonight and also making dinner for you and your sister.
【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
How does the woman probably feel in the beginning?
A. Confused.
B. Satisfied.
C. Disappointed.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
M:Are you even listening to me?Do not go in that room!
W:What are you talking about?This is my room…Oh，you planned me a surprise party!You’re so silly.Thank you!【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man mean?
A. The next dish w ill be really special.
B. The baked potatoes are his best dish.
C. He’11 make something even better next time.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W:Wow,I didn’t know you were such a great cook These baked potatoes are to die for!
M:I've been taking cooking lessons.And you haven’t seen anything yet.You’re going to love the main course!【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

第二节听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独自后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独自前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
6. How long does the woman usually study the night before a test?
A. About an hour.
B. About two hours.
C. About three hours.
7. What will the man do next?
A. Talk to the teacher.
B. Study with the woman.
C. Take a test.
【答案】6. B 7. A
【解析】
M:Can you help me with this math problem?
W:Actually,I don’t know how to do it，either.You should probably just ask the teacher.
M:I thought you always got 1 00％on all your math tests
W:I usually do，but sometimes I need help.too.
M:How long do you usually study for a test?
W:About two hours the night before，and then an hour or so earlier in the week.
M:I need to study more.Maybe we can study together.
W:Sure.I’d be happy to help you.
M:I'm going to ask the teacher about this problem.I’11 let you know what he says.
W:Sounds good to me.
【6题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【7题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
8. According to the conversation，what does Google want to do?
A. Replace all drivers with computers.
B. Research sleep patterns.
C. Make trucking more efficient.
9. What does the woman suggest about trucks?
A. Human drivers react quicker than machines.
B. Many jobs might disappear with self-driving trucks.
C. Many accidents involve regular trucks.
10. How does the man feel about self-driving trucks?
A. He’s a 1ittle scared by them.
B. He’s excited by their speed.
C. He thinks they’re safer.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A
【解析】
M:Would you consider buying a self-driving car?
W:I don’t know.I guess I’d have to research a bit more about them before making that decision
M:It will probably be a while before we are able to buy them,anyway.We might be seeing self-driving trucks on the road pretty soon，though.Google wants to change the commercial trucking industry.Right now,there are over three million truck drivers in the U.S., so adding self-driving trucks would likely take away a lot of jobs.But many drivers might stiff be able to accompany their trucks，and get a full night’s sleep in the process.
W:Truck drivers cause a lot of accidents on the freeway,so I think I'd like to see self-driving trucks.It would make me.feel safer on the road.
M:Really?I think it might make me feel less safe.A human driver is much more likely to react quickly to something unexpected.
【8题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【9题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【10题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
11. Who created the new products?
A. Health box.
B. Under Armor
C. UA Record.
12. What does the woman think of the products?
A. She’s not very impressed by them.
B. She thinks they’re worth the money.
C. They sound new and different.
13. What does the man like most about the products?
A. They can measure your body fat.
B. Your heart rate can be tracked.
C. You can set goals and measure your progress.
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C
【解析】
M:Have you heard of the UA Healthbox?
W:No.Wha t’s that?
M:It was created by the company Under Armor.It’s a new set of three smart devices-a wristband，a scale，and a heart—rate monitor.They all record information about you when you exercise，which is then collected in the app，UA Record.
W:I like that all of the information goes into one app.but it doesn’t sound very different from other products that are already out there.
M:Check this out，though:you can touch the screen of the wristband to signal that you're starting or ending an activity.Then the scale measures your body fat and weight，while the monitor tracks your heart rate.You wear the heart monitor on a band around your chest.The best part about it is that you can set goals and measure your progress.
W:How much does it cost?
M:The whole set is around$400，but you can just buy the wristband if you want，which is$180.
W:Wow,that’s not exactly a bargain.is it?
【11题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【12题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【13题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
14. What is the woman’s advice?
A. Studying harder
B. Just being honest.
C. Choosing a career early.
15. What might t11e man write his essay about?
A. What he wants to major in.
B. His unknown future.
C. His high school experience.
16. Who might Mrs.Watson be?
A. The man’s drama teacher.
B. The man’s math teacher.
C. The man’s English teacher.
【答案】14. B 15. B 16. C
【解析】
W:What are you doing?
M:I’m working on my college application.I just started writing my personal statement, but I’m having a hard time.
W:What does it have to be about?
M:It's basically just an essay about why 1 want to go to college and what I hope to do there.It’s difficult to write because I don’t know what to major in yet.I know 1 want to go to college；I just don’t have an idea of why 1 want to go.
W:Why not just tell the truth in your:essay?
M:You mean I should write about the fact that I don’t know what to do with my life?
W:Yeah! I mean，I doubt if anyone really knows what career they want to have when they first go to college.You have years to figure that out.
M:I guess I could write about that.
W:What else do you need to do to finish your application?
M:I need two recommendation letters.I asked my English teacher and my math teacher.
Mrs·Watson turned hers in，but I'm waiting on my math teacher I wanted to ask my drama teacher, Mr.Bennett，but I've only had one class with him，so I decided not to.I already turned in my grades and my SAT score.
W:How did you do on the SAT?
M:Not as well as I had hoped.I have really good grades.though.and I'm in all honors classes，so that should help.
【14题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【15题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【16题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
17. Who is Fran Smith?
A. A weather reporter.
B. A news host.
C. A finance expert.
18. When will the rain stop completely?
A. By Thursday afternoon.
B. By Wednesday evening.
C. By tonight.
19. What will the weather be like next week?
A. Dry.
B. Rainy.
C. Foggy.
20. What time of year is it?
A. Spring.
B. Summer.
C. Fall.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C
【解析】
And that was Fran Smith wi th the news.Good evening.I’m Elizabeth Johnson here with tonight’s weather report.The rain is continuing!What a surprise!We’re seeing heavy showers，as well as thunder and lightning.There are high winds to the north，with lighter showers in the south.Thankfully the rain should stop completely by Thursday afternoon.If you live by the coast，be careful of large waves.Because of the pressure system that’s heading in tonight，the sea may be more forceful than usual.I'd suggest staying away from beaches，and please do not head out into the ocean on a boat of any kind.On Friday,we can expect some fog，but by the weekend，we should be seeing some sunny skies and warmer weather.Tonight，we’11 likely
h“temperatures in the lower forties.with a high of around sixty-five this w eekend.It’s been raining nonstop for the past two weeks, so the break in the weather will be a welcome change.It looks like there won’t be any more rain for the next few weeks，but that could always change.I hope that you are having a great Thanksgiving break,even with the weather. As always，be careful out there on the roads，and if you see or are in an emergency
of any kind，call 911 immediately.That’s it for tonight’s weather report.Stay dry out there.Now over to Maria Hill with financial news.
【17题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【18题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【19题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【20题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
Eco-friendly Vauban, lied in the southwest part of Germany, has everything－tree-lined streets, perfect houses －bu t it’s missing one urban feature of the last 100 years or so: the car. And Vauban residents(居民) don’t mind one bit. Vauban doesn’t ban cars entirely. Rather, it just tries to reduce the use of cars by creating “parking-free” and “car-free” living. In Vauba n, parking spots are a no-no private property(私人财产). Cars can only be parked in public parking lots, so living without a car saves residents the cost of parking in the public lot. Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. Without cars, bikes are almost religion in this small town. Kids pick them up even before they can ride one. Vauban is about much more than just using two wheels instead of four. In Vauban , residents ride bikes and even receive money from the electric company for selling electricity back to the power grid (电网系统). It’s an environmentally-friendly city of the future, with organically grown food, renewable energy, and carbon-neut ral homes. And now, with a population of 5,500, it’s attracting attention from around the world. Can an eco-friendly city like Vauban be a model for Americans to stop their over-reliance on the cars? Sometimes when I watch a news report what’s in the back of my mind is what isn’t being reported or stressed. While this eco-friendly city is inspiring in that it shows residents getting exercise and fresh air through the
majority use of bicycles, as well as good old fashioned walking, common sense would tell you that even for a place like Vauban, Germany, it owes its existence to the cars.
Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It too k cars to help build this utopia. It’s one of the paradoxes of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car, you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree.
I myself haven’t owned a car for more than 14 years, and mostly get around town running, walking, or using public transportation. There are times I wish I had one, since it would make many things easier, but overall I’m glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy.
To get even close to being like eco-friendly Vauban, Americans will need to absolutely change the way they live. Commuting( 乘车上下班) patterns will have to change, public transportation will have to be invested in, and so on. And though ending our love affair with the car will be impossible during my lifetime, we may at least start to see more Vauban-like areas in the USA.
We can hope that Americans will consider using their feet more to get around, cutting down on pollution , and giving themselves some more exercise.
21. Why don’t over 80% of the residents in Vauban own car?
A. The streets there are very narrow
B. There are many limitations on the use of cars.
C. The government limits the number of cars.
D. Most cars belong to their public property
22. The underlined word “paradoxes” in Paragraph 3 probably means_____.
A. opposite things
B. big shortcomings
C. great strengths
D. firm bases
23. How does the writer feel of not owning a car?
A. Curious
B. Proud
C. Grateful
D. Regretful
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在德国的沃班，由于一些严格的限制，只有不到五分之一的居民拥有汽车，这让沃班成为生态环保之城，作者由此认为美国人应该改变生活和交通方式，希望美国也有沃班这样的绿色之都。

【21题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. ”可知，在沃班，汽车禁止在某些道路上行驶，而且还有严格的速度限制，正是由于这些限制，只有不到五分之一的居民拥有汽车，故B项正确。

【22题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据画线词前的“Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia.”可知，自行车不能运输建设和维护沃班生态环保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它们是靠汽车运输的，此处是说这是生活中的矛盾之一，有时为了摆脱对汽车的依赖，你必须在开始时依赖它，由此可知，画线词词义为“矛盾、对立物”，故A项正确。

【23题详解】
观点态度题。

根据倒数第二段中的“but overall I’m glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy.”可知，作者很高兴不必处理拥有一辆车带来的麻烦，而且步行和跑步让他保持健康，由此可知作者很感激没有车给自己带来的好处，故C项正确。

【点睛】词义猜测特的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第3题，根据画线词前的“Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia.”可知，自行车不能运输建设和维护沃班生态环保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它们是靠汽车运输的，有时为了摆脱对汽车的依赖，你必须在开始时依赖它，摆脱和依赖是相互矛盾的，由此可知，画线词词义为“矛盾、对立物”。

B
Augustus Saint-Gaudens and his family immigrated to New York, America, from Dublin, Ireland, in 1848 when he was just six months old. As he grew up, Augustus liked racing his friends around the block, buying candies at the store, especially drawing—drawing pictures of the shoemakers at his father's shoe shop. At the age of 13, his father told him it was time to go to work. Augustus replied, "I should like it if I could do something which would help me to be an artist. " He began as an apprentice to a cameo cutter out of stone and shell, and carved cameos of people, lions, and even the head of Hercules from Greek mythology, when the Civil War had just begun.
At 19, with his earnings and his parents' support, he travelled to Paris and Rome for further training and artistic study. Before he left, he drew a portrait of his mother in pencil and sculpted a small bust(半身像) of his father out of clay. Then, 22-year-old Augustus opened an art studio in Rome and worked on his first life-sized sculpture, called Hiawatha. An art patron was impressed with this sculpture and promised to help Augustus "until your genius and labors shall have met with the reward to which I feel they are entitled".
In 1876, Augustus was chosen to design a monument to the Civil War hero Admiral David Farragut of the U. S. Navy. Completed five years later, when he was 33, his first major sculpture for the U. S. was unveiled at Madison Square in New York City, the sculptor's boyhood home. One art critic called it "the best monument of the kind the city has to show". Then the giant Standing Lincoln in Lincoln Park, Chicago in a setting by architect White, 1884-1887, was considered the finest portrait statue in the U. S.
However, in 1900, aged 52, his doctors told him he had cancer. Even though he was often ill, he continued to work at his home and studio in Cornish, New Hampshire.
In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt requested that Augustus redesign American coins—to convey the strength of the nation. Augustus made lifelike pencil sketches of his coin designs. Yet, Augustus died in August 1907, two months before his l0-dollar and 20-dollar gold coins were issued. Augustus Saint-Gaudens had fulfilled his dream-and more! He was one of the greatest American sculptors not only of his day but also of all time.
24. What did Augustus like doing as a child?
A. He enjoyed selling candies at the store.
B. He enjoyed chasing after his friends at school.
C. He liked drawing pictures of his father's workers.
D. He liked going to work as a shoemaker in his father's shop.
25. How did Augustus become a sculptor?
A. He received sponsorship from an art critic.
B. He sculpted a small bust of his parents out of clay.
C. He opened an art studio in Rome and worked on Hiawatha.
D. He learned hard as an apprentice and carved many nice works.
26. When did Roosevelt request Augustus to redesign American coins?
A. At his age of 33.
B. At his age of 57.
C. At his age of 52.
D. At his age of 59.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. The history of the Civil War.
B. The remarkable sculptor's life.
C. The comments on Augustus' works.
D. The outstanding sculptor's masterpieces.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. B
【解析】
本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了美国杰出的雕刻家Augustus的生平。

【24题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“As he grew up, Augustus liked racing his friends around the block, buy ing candies at the store, especially drawing—drawing pictures of the shoemakers at his father's shoe shop.”可知，Augustus 喜欢和朋友们满街区地跑，在商店里买糖果，特别是在爸爸的鞋店里给鞋匠们画画，故C项正确。

【25题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“He began as an apprentice to a cameo cutter out of stone and shell, and carved cameos of people, lions, and even the head of Hercules from Greek mythology, when the Civil War had just begun.”可知，他从一个石雕和贝壳雕刻师的学徒开始，雕刻人物、狮子，乃至希腊神话中的大力神的头颅，由此可知，他当学徒时学习很刻苦并雕刻了很多漂亮的作品，故D项正确。

【26题详解】
细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“However, in 1900, aged 52, his doctors told him he had cancer.”可知，1900年时，Augustus52岁，再结合最后一段中的“In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt requested that Augustus redesign American coins”可知，1905年，Augustus57岁的时候，罗斯福总统让他重新设计美国钱币，故B 项正确。

【27题详解】
主旨大意题。

通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“He was one of the greatest Ameri can sculptors not only of his day but also of all time.”可知，本文主要介绍了美国杰出的雕刻家Augustus的生平，故B项正确。

C
Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures（核心体温）in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity（湿度）.
In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia（低体温）, which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0°C. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6°C higher or lower in
healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4°C. Below 29.4°C, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9—15.6°C. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7°C.
In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hyperthermia. Life threatening hyperthermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6—41.7°C. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.
28. Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons?
A. Because their bodies are unusually efficient.
B. Because they experience different climates.
C. Because they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies.
D. Because they have internal temperature regulating systems.
29. What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss?
A. The dangerous effects of hypothermia.
B. The change of body temperature.
C. The survival of the Swedish woman.
D. The regulating systems of natural temperature.
30. People are unlikely to survive under the body temperature .
A. higher than 34.4°C
B. lower than 29.4°C
C. between 40.6—41.7°C
D. between 34.4—37°C
31. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Surviving in an ice trap
B. Getting to know hypothermia
C. Adapting to climate extremes
D. Changing core body temperature
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要讲述的是人体内有调节体温的系统，能让人适应不同的外部气温。

【28题详解】
D 细节理解题。

根据文章第一句Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures（核心体温）in cold winters and warm summers.可知人类保持稳定的核心体温是因为人体内有调节体温的系统。

故D正确。

【29题详解】
A 段落大意题。

第二段第一句In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia（低体温）, which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels.中提出低体温对人来说是一大威胁。

接下来对这一情况展开说明。

可知本段主要讲述的是低体温对人体健康的影响。

故A正确。

【30题详解】
B 细节理解题。

根据第二段第六句Below 29.4°C, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails.可知在29.4度以下，人体的温度会迅速下降，因为调节体温的系统已经失灵了，人就很难存活下来。

故B正确。

【31题详解】
C 标题概括题。

本文主要讲述的是人体内有调节体温的系统，能让人适应不同的外部气温。

AB项只涉及低温，D项只提到改变核心体温。

C项较为全面地介绍了全文内容。

【名师点睛】
选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。

通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。

常见的提问方式有：
1. What would be the best title for the text?
2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text?
3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________.
4. The topic of this passage is _________.
不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。

在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。

文章标题的选择或拟定
1. 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；
2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；
3. 要注意题目是过大还是过小；
4. 要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。

要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。

一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。

比如某一文章的中心句子为：Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.
话题：Coffee
控制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world 标题：Coffee Around the World。

考点：考查科普说明文阅读
D
No one likes to make mistakes. But a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes, and keep that knowledge longer.
One of the researchers was Vinit Desai, an assistant professor at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Utah.
They did not find much long-term "organizational learning" from success. It is possible, they say. But Professor Desai says they found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years. He says organizations should treat failures as a learning opportunity and not try to ignore them.
The study looked at companies and organizations that launch satellites and other space vehicles. Professor Desai compared two shuttle flights. In two thousand two, a piece of insulating (隔热的) material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still the flight was considered a success. Then in early two thousand three, a piece of insulation struck the Columbia during launch. This time, the shuttle broke apart on
re-entry and the seven crew members died. NASA officials suspended all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes.
Professor Desai says the search for solutions after a failure can make leaders more open-minded. He points to air-lines as an example of an industry that has learned from failures in the past. He advises organizations to look
for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided. He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information. The study appeared in the Academy of management Journal.
The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own. We recently asked people on our Facebook page to tell us a time they had done something really silly. Fabricio Cmino wrote: Not long ago I wanted to watch TV, but it wouldn't turn on, so I did everything I could to start it. Thirty minutes later my mum showed up and, passing by, said to me "Did you try plugging it?" "I'm just dusting, Mum!" So she wouldn’t notice how dumb I am sometimes!
Bruno Kanieski da Silva told about a time he looked everywhere for his key. It was in his pocket. He wrote: I always promise I will never do it again, but after a few weeks, where is my wallet? For sure it will be in a very logical place.
32. What we get from failure differs from that from success is that ________.
A. what we learn from failure is more powerful
B. what we learn from success does no good to us
C. the knowledge gained from failure is important
D. the knowledge gained from failure lasts longer
33. From the passage, we can infer that ________.
A. the insulating material problem in 2002 didn't arouse enough attention
B. there were no astronauts on Columbia
C. in spite of the problem, Atlantis was considered a success
D. Columbia exploded during its launch time
34. The writer gives the last two paragraphs to show that ________.
A. many people make mistakes in the world
B. mistakes were a very embarrassing thing when found by others
C. we can also draw a lesson from others’ mistakes
D. making mistakes was a necessity
35. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Only organizations can learn from mistakes.
B. Failure may result from faults that have been ignored.
C. Lessons from the shuttle flights are more important.
D. Leaders often lack an open mind and seldom share information.
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。

没有人喜欢犯错误，但是一项新的研究表明，与成功相比，一个组织机构可以从失败中吸取更多的经验教训，而且这些经验教训能够在更长一段时间里发挥作用。

【32题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句But a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes, and keep that knowledge longer.可知，最新的研究表明，组织从失败中学到的东西比从成功中多，失败中学到的知识比从成功中学到的知识持续时间长，故选D。

【33题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第四段中In two thousand two, a piece of insulating(隔热的) material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success.可知，发射过程中，隔热材料的脱落使火箭遭到了损坏，但那次航天飞行却被认为是成功的，说明隔热材料存在的问题没有引起人们足够的注意，故选A。

【34题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第六段中The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own.可知，人们也可以从他人的错误中吸取教训，第六段其他内容和第七段讲的是这样的两个例子，故选C。

【35题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第五段中He advises organizations to look for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided.”可知，Professor Desai建议有关部门从不起眼的小错误或成功避开的错误中寻找有用的信息，说明人们可以从一些未发生的错误中吸取教训，故选B。

【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。

推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。

本题第2小题，根据第四段中In two thousand two, a piece of insulating(隔热的) material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success.”可知，2002年的发射过程中，隔热材料的折断。