国外最新建筑防水技术发展研究

国外最新建筑防水技术发展研究
1.欧洲发展概况
欧洲的平屋面防水技术相当先进，在改性沥青防水卷材、PVC、TPO等聚合物防水片材方面均走在世界的前列。

欧洲的屋面防水材料主要包括改性沥青卷材、单层聚合物片材及氧化沥青油毡三大类，改性沥青卷材占统治地位，单层聚合物片材呈持续增长之势，而氧化沥青油毡则迅速减少。

欧洲的聚合物改性沥青卷材很发达，有各种各样不同的产品，法国、意大利、西班牙、东欧及巴尔干国家以使用沥青基卷材为主；其他各国大量使用单层聚合物片材，单层聚合物片材的市场份额相当高，如奥地利约占45%，爱尔兰、瑞士各约占42%，德国约占40%。

在欧洲的单层聚合物片材中，PVC防水片材占据主导地位，1998年单层聚合物片材铺设面积约3700万㎡，其中PVC占59％（参见表2）。

欧洲的聚合物片材包括PVC、EPDM、ECB、CPE、PIB、EVA等，但EPDM 片材接缝比较困难，在欧洲未获得特大的发展。

随着聚烯烃技术的进步，TPO单层片材开始增长，许多厂家都上了这种产品，现已有一定的规模，前景广阔。

另据介绍，欧洲目前平屋面的市场约为30亿美元，面积为3.32亿㎡，沥青基卷材占整个市场份额的75％，PVC、TPO、EPDM等聚合物片材占21％，其余4％的份额由其他类型材料（如冷施工涂料和沥青玛王帝脂等）占有。

随着屋面防水卷材及其施工技术的不断发展，以及各种单层聚合物片材的出现，尽管整体市场处于平稳状态，欧洲市场仍然经历着明显的、但是渐进的变化。

SBS改性沥青卷材已经越多地取代APP和氧化沥青防水卷材，因为尽管它的成本高于氧化沥青卷材，但它的超长使用寿命使它具有相当的优势，在寒冷地区倾
向于选用SBS卷材，因为其材质决定了它的使用期长于APP卷材。

单层聚合物防水片材自80年代开始呈现出稳定增长的势头。

1994年它的市场占有率是8％，1998年增至11％，2001年达到21％。

各国使用情况有很大的差异，主要是由于各国的兴趣不同和有无原材料，在奥地利、爱尔兰、瑞士和德国具有较高的使用比例，而在瑞典、英国、西班牙、法国和芬兰这些国家，由于气候条件恶劣，更多地采用沥青基卷材。

在胎体方面，西欧的沥青基卷材有50％采用聚酯胎，玻纤无纺布胎基约占37％。

2 .新成就
2.1 改性沥青防水卷材
国外的改性沥青防水卷材仍以使用SBS和APP改性沥青卷材为主，但也取得了不少进展。

SBS改性油毡：Kraton Polymer 公司开发出改性型SBS——IPD-2，加入沥青中软化点可与APP改性沥青相抗衡，同时仍然保持SBS的热可塑性和弹性。

SBS系列已从几种产品发展到近百种产品，包括双嵌段SB、SIS和SEBS。

双嵌段SB和SIS可配出软而粘的改性沥青，用于自粘产品。

SEBS高温稳定性好，耐紫外线性强，特别适用于粘结沥青和屋面涂料等改性材料。

APP改性油毡及其他：国外最近推出矿物粒料或现场涂保护涂料的APP改性油毡、不同颜色粒料排列的花纹油毡，胎体上面为APP、下面为SBS的改性沥青油毡、抗生根的防水膜、防火油毡等。

自粘改性油毡：多年来自粘改性沥青油毡在屋面上作垫层使用，现加入紫外线稳定剂并以粒料覆面，用作常规的屋面卷材。

自粘油毡一般是SBS基的，也有
APP基的。

TPO改性沥青油毡：TPO与沥青的亲和性较好，与沥青拌合产生介于SBS和APP之间的性能。

TPO改性沥青卷材在欧洲6年前已商业化，现在美国发展也很快。

IMPERBEL SA公司的桥梁防水膜是APP-TPO改性沥青油毡，具有高耐久性和耐热度，双增强层位于防水膜的上部，沥青混凝土（160℃）或浇注混凝土（250℃）可直接摊铺在上面。

胎体：普通聚酯毡中加入特种化学粘结剂，可使尺寸稳定性从0.5%降到0.3%。

聚酯玻纤网格布的尺寸稳定性可小于0.2%。

不久前John Manville公司采用特殊的聚酯长丝穿入较硬的玻纤毡而不破坏其表面结构，这种复合胎具有极佳的尺寸稳定性，又改善了油毡的阻燃性能。

2.2 高分子防水卷材
EPDM 美国Carlisle公司的EPDM屋面片材有完整的配套材料，产品有均匀型、增强型和背衬型以及白面黑底的产品，产品宽度从1.37 m直到15.24 m，根据用户要求可提供5、10、15、20年的保证期。

这种完善的产品系统、周到的安装技术及可靠耐久的屋面效果，保证了该种产品名列前茅。

PVC 欧洲的PVC屋面从上世纪六十年代开始安装，解决了增塑剂迁移及应用方面的问题，已有35年的成功使用记录，成为主导聚合物屋面片材。

美国的PVC及PVC合金屋面膜有了更多的改进，后来居上，这是我国望尘莫及的。

TPO：TPO屋面片材具有一系列优点：既具有乙丙橡胶的性能，又能焊接；
不含增塑剂，为无氯和无溴产品，是对环境最友好的屋面产品；可用于与焚烧相关的场合，已用于垃圾掩埋场；白色膜有反射功能，节能，减少城市热岛效应等。

产品有增强型、背衬型和均质型三种，以增强型使用最为普遍。

增强型织物面层上的厚度要求达到0.24-0.3 mm，美国要求达到0.38mm±10%，且为阻燃产品，达到长期耐候目的。

美国Carlisle的产品宽度有1.9m、2.4m和3.05m，配方设计精良，产品性能稳定，经过苛刻条件试验其性能无变化或基本无变化，例如热老化条件为在116℃下28天，其他公司为在100℃下28天或在80℃56天。

2.3 建筑防水涂料
聚氨酯防水涂料：美国Tremco公司可提供各种用途的单组分和双组分聚氨酯涂料，单组分自流平型的固含量87%，非下垂的81%，平面涂1.3㎜厚即可形成密实防水层。

美国Carlisle的单组分聚氨酯涂料，涂抹厚度1.5㎜；水平用延伸率600%，垂直用500%；拉伸强度水平用2.4 MPa，垂直用3.1 MPa。

日本有国家屋面防水涂料标准，聚氨酯涂料多数为双组分的（比单组分成本低），固含量95%以上，现场施工不再加任何溶剂，而且主要用于屋面，外露使用，同样提供10年的保证期。

丙烯酸屋面防水和保护涂料：美国的Rohm&Haas公司的丙烯酸屋面涂料，在美国占屋面同类涂料的80%。

Rhoplex EC丙烯酸屋面涂料由该公司的弹性体乳液为基料添加颜料和增粘剂、稳定剂等外加剂而成，一般涂两道，厚约0.5㎜，可延长屋面寿命5-10年，涂在金属屋面、油毡屋面、喷涂聚氨酯泡沫、高分子片材等屋面上，白色屋面可使屋面温度降低10℃。

2.4应用技术
2.4.1沥青基防水卷材的应用技术
铺设层数目前以双层居多，欧美的标准均是针对双层制定的，美国专家还建议单层改性沥青油毡也要加铺一层普通油毡作垫层，但欧洲有些公司认为单层也可靠。

铺设方法多为全粘法、松铺法和机械固定法。

最近出现的条铺法，是在油毡的底面撒砂或者最新的技术是条涂丙烯酸分散液，可释放空气压力，消除起泡的危险，且节约能耗。

自粘法也有应用。

热粘法美国和日本以热粘法为主，欧洲热熔法使用相当普遍，但法国热粘法却很普及。

美国的沥青锅除烟率高达99%，现场闻不到气味。

日本也制成紧凑型无烟无臭熔解釜，便于搬运，形成绿色环保装备，保证了热粘叠层油毡屋面的继续使用。

热熔法热焊喷灯装置也有更新，美国一厂家设计出17个喷口的喷灯车代替现流行的5到7个喷口，热分布均匀，特别适用于SBS改性油毡。

热熔法有一个大缺点，就是易引起着火，因此纽约和瑞典等国已禁止使用。

热空气焊接机已移植用于改性油毡接缝的焊接，无着火危险，很受欢迎。

美国新开发的小型空气焊接机，价格仅为遥控焊接机的1/3，且可在离女儿墙152㎜处施工。

冷粘法冷粘法最近在美国得到发展，其粘接性能与喷灯热熔法相似，在经受1500个循环后仍无断裂和失粘事故发生。

改性沥青粘接剂美国已开始使用SEBS改性沥青作为粘结沥青，耐疲劳性比普通Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型屋面沥青大500倍。

2.4.2高分子防水片材的应用技术
EPDM屋面片材配套系统美国Carlisle和Firestone等大公司均供应全部配套材料，除主体片材外还供应各种泛水、胶粘剂、保温板、固定件、密封膏、自粘密封带和覆盖带、拼接清洗剂、终端棒、边部保护系统、管座等。

密封带接缝密封带和覆盖带代替液态胶粘剂使得粘接效果更加可靠，且是无污染的环保材料。

这种密封带分为非固化的和预固化的，目前多为非固化型的，但Firestone的预固化丁基带的强度比现场接缝的强度大5倍以上。

美国ADCD 产品公司供应EPDM基的黑色和白色密封带、系列织物增强带、系列覆盖带、系列泛水带等，与EPDM片材的相容性好。

成套施工机具美国Aeroil公司供应EPDM施工用的动力涂胶滚、喷胶机、接缝涂胶机、接缝密封机、提高了施工效率和施工质量。

热空气焊接机瑞士和美国均有一些专业公司供应手持焊枪和焊接机，特别是瑞士的Kaarl Leister 公司的各种热空气焊接机具，久负盛名，行销世界各地。

3.建筑防水材料的发展趋势
20世纪70年代和80年代，世界的建筑防水材料发生了革命性的变化，传统的叠层油毡系统迅速减少，各种高功能防水材料大量涌现，很快占据主导地位。

进入90年代转入渐进式的发展，各种新材料质量进一步提高，品种增多，应用技术相应改善，导致防水系统更加可靠，使用寿命大大延长。

3.1 建筑防水材料多样化
在可以预见的将来，无论哪一种防水材料都不会独霸市场，一统天下，现有的一些种类的先进防水材料，如改性沥青防水卷材、高分子防水卷材、防水涂料、金属屋面、现场喷涂聚氨酯泡沫、膨润土制品、渗透结晶型涂料、沥青油毡瓦、
混凝土瓦等，在不同国度和在屋面、外墙、厕浴间、地下、市政工程上得到各自的应用。

3.2 建筑防水仍以沥青基卷材为主
氧化沥青油毡屋面和地下沥青油毡防水膜呈下降趋势。

欧洲的氧化沥青屋面卷材仅占9%，美国所占比例不到20%。

在地下防水系统中叠层防水系统所占份额也很小。

改性沥青油毡在欧洲很多国家已上升为主导防水材料，在欧洲的屋面防水卷材中已占64%，美国新屋面中约占20%，在翻新屋面中约占25%。

在地下工程中美国SBS改性沥青无胎自粘油毡占有突出的位置。

在屋面上绝大多数使用的是SBB 和APP改性沥青油毡，但TPO改性沥青油毡已经进入欧美市场。

SBS与APP相比在综合性能上略胜一筹，应用多于APP。

在胎体方面，主要使用聚酯毡和玻纤毡，尔后开发的聚酯-玻纤复合胎受到人们的青睐。

聚酯毡在多项性能上优于玻纤毡，使用比例逐渐增多，但美法等国在多层改性沥青油毡屋面中大量使用玻纤毡，使用效果也很好。

改性沥青油毡可单层和多层施工，多层施工更加稳定，单层施工时外加一层氧化沥青垫层会更加可靠。

从安全角度考虑，适宜使用热空气焊接机接缝。

从环保和功能看，改性沥青油毡也宜提倡机械固定法。

3.3 高分子防水卷材已占有重要地位
高分子屋面卷材是仅次于改性沥青卷材的屋面材料，在欧洲约占23%，在美国新建屋面中约占40%，在翻新屋面中约占34%，在日本新建屋面中约占27%，在修理屋面中约占45%。

EPDM是大家公认的耐久性最高的防水材料，美国推行的配套齐全的EPDM 屋面系统保证上乘的防水工程质量，自粘密封带便利接缝连接快速而可靠。

PVC是目前各国均大量使用的一种屋面材料，增塑剂迁移问题已基本得到解决，但PVC生产、焊接、焚烧中释放出二恶英等有毒物质，对人体和环保有害，影响将来的使用。

TPO是近期开发的功能比较全面的材料，无增塑剂，可重复使用，性能与EPDM相当，又可焊接，是PVC和EPDM的潜在强有力竞争对手。

在地下防水卷材中目前使用丁基橡胶和PVC最多，因为防水和防潮性较好，但TPO在地下防水中也有取代PVC的潜在可能。

3.4 防水涂料向聚合物基和渗透型方向发展
传统的沥青防水涂料性能欠佳，在屋面上逐渐被改性沥青特别是聚合物防水涂料所取代，使用最多的是聚氨酯和丙烯酸防水涂料。

在地下，渗透性防水涂料渗入混凝土内与水反应形成晶体，堵塞孔隙，达到抗渗目的，构思新颖，已在很大程度上取代了带金属氧化物的胶凝涂料，在地下防渗止漏中独领风骚。

在日本的新建地下防水内、外墙中浸透性涂布占23.5%，在修理地下防水中占16.7%，均居首位。

3.5 密封材料向弹性密封膏过渡
世界建筑密封材料的总趋势是用量持续增加，产品向高功能的弹性密封膏方向发展，而低档油性嵌缝膏用量已很少，中档密封膏将有适度的发展。

弹性密封膏中硅酮、聚氨酯和改性硅酮密封膏最有发展前途，各有特点，目前欧美硅酮和聚氨酯用量最多，而改性硅酮日本用量最大，在欧美已得到认可，且在技术上有
新的发展，聚硫密封膏呈持续下降的趋势。

中档密封膏以丙烯酸密封膏为主，它对环境友好，适用于小型构件和自己动手（DIY）施工。

3.6 金属屋面再次兴起
金属屋面包括钢、铜、铝、不锈钢、铅等，使用最多的是钢板屋面。

美国的直立缝钢板屋面采用20年保证期的涂层，加以研制出活动固定夹，耐久性大为提高，使得传统的金属屋面恢复了青春，2000年金属屋面的用量为1.477亿㎡，2001年在新建屋面中占12.26%，在翻修屋面中占8.56%。

3.7 喷涂聚氨酯泡沫受到青睐
喷涂聚氨酯泡沫屋面兼有防水和保温功能，又利于保护环境和节能，是一种可持续发展的防水材料，通过研究得出可以使用30年以上的结论，各国均有一定的使用，2001年在美国新建屋面中占4.18%，在翻修屋面中占6.83%。

3.8 绿色防水材料提上议事日程
绿色防水材料是对环境有利、对人体无害、有利于节能、可节约资源和（或）可再生利用并持久耐用的产品，在平屋面中宜首选EPDM和TPO防水卷材，其次是选用SBS、APP、TPO改性沥青防水卷材，施工方法以机械固定法和松铺压顶法为佳。

在地下外防水中，宜首选改性沥青自粘非增强油毡，其次是TPO和丁基胶防水卷材；在外防内贴中膨润土制品具有独特功效；在内防水中渗透结晶型涂料宜视为最佳选择。

最后值得指出，各种白色屋面（包括丙烯酸白色涂层）对于降低建筑能耗和减少城市热岛效应有着显著的作用。

防水涂料要尽量减少VOC含量，严禁添加有毒物质，水性和反应型涂料优于溶剂型涂料。

种植屋面、贮水屋面、光电屋面板引起人们的关注。

3.9 防水施工技术明显改善
施工技术的改善是国外防水材料技术进步的一大特点。

沥青基卷材和橡胶防水卷材配套材料齐全，形成完整系统。

各种防水材料都有与之相配套的施工机具。

沥青热粘工法非常成熟，加热装置已实现环保化；热熔工法非常普及，有各种功能更好的喷枪和喷灯车，接缝连接向热空气焊接方向发展；冷粘法不断增多，美国在新建屋面中已占4.05%，在翻修屋面中已升到7.40%
高分子防水片材工法有全粘法、机械固定法、松铺压顶法、倒置屋面等，前两种使用较多。

在1998年的美国平屋面铺设中，全粘法占41%，机械固定法占36%，松铺压顶法占20%，倒置屋面占2%。

卷材接缝至关重要。

热塑性片材（PVC、TPO、聚乙烯等）以热空气焊接最为普遍，橡胶片材（EPDM、丁基胶等）使用自粘密封带是发展方向，此外宜发展水基胶粘剂代替溶剂基胶粘剂，减少对环境的污染。

3.10 各国普遍实行防水保证期制度
平屋面一般实行10年的防水保证期，但SBS改性沥青油毡、EPDM、金属屋面还可提供20年的保证期。

坡屋面可提供更长的保证期，沥青油毡瓦的保证期可达20年、30年甚至40年，Carlisle公司的TPO基石板形屋面瓦的保证期高达50年。

美国Carlisle公司的EPDM地下防水层系统，可提供20年以内的材料保证期。

据近期问卷调查，日本屋面保证期：10年的占96%，15年的占1%，无回答3%。

屋面防水修理保证期；10年的占84%，5年的占8%，15年的占3%。

译文：
The latest foreign technology of waterproof
1. European Development Overview
European flat roofing technology is quite advanced in the modified bitumen membrane, PVC, TPO and other aspects of polymer waterproof sheet walking in the forefront of the world. European roofing materials include modified bitumen membranes, single-layer polymer sheet and the oxidation of three main types of asphalt shingle, modified bitumen membrane dominated, single-layer polymer sheet showed a sustained growth trend, while the oxidation asphalt shingle is rapidly reduced.
European polymer modified bitumen membranes are developed, there are a variety of different products, France, Italy, Spain, Eastern European and Balkan countries to use asphalt-based membrane-based; other countries extensive use of single-layer polymer sheet , single-layer polymer sheet market share is very high, about 45% such as Austria, Ireland,
Switzerland, the approximately 42%, Germany about 40%. In Europe in the single polymer sheet, PVC waterproof sheeting dominant, single-layer polymer sheet 1998, the laying of an area of about 37million square meters, of which 59% of PVC (see Table 2). European polymer sheetmaterial, including PVC, EPDM, ECB, CPE, PIB, EVA, etc., but more difficult EPDM sheet seams in Europe without the large development. With the advances in polyolefins technology, TPO single-sheet began to grow, many manufacturers have on this product, has a certain size, the prospects are bright.
According to Wang, the current flat roof of the market in Europe is about 30 billion U.S. dollars, an area of 332 million square meters, asphalt base sheet of the total market share of 75%, PVC, TPO, EPDM and other polymers, 21% sheet, and the remaining 4 % of the share from other types of material (such as coatings and construction of cold asphalt mastic, etc.) possession.
As the roofing membrane and the continuous development of construction technology, and a variety of single polymer sheet appearance, although the overall market is steady state, the European market is still experiencing significant, but gradual change.
SBS modified bitumen membrane has been replaced by APP and the more oxidized bitumen membrane, because, although it is more expensive than oxidized bitumen membranes, but it's long life makes it a considerable advantage, in the cold regions tend to SBS membrane chosen because of its material determines its period of use longer than the APP membrane.
Single-layer waterproof polymer sheet since the 80s showing a stable growth momentum. Its market share in 1994 was 8% in 1998 to 11%, 21% in 2001. Countries use
very different, mainly due to the different national interests and the availability of raw materials, in Austria, Ireland, Switzerland and Germany have a high use ratio, while in Sweden, the UK, Spain, France and Finland, these countries the harsh climatic conditions, increased use of asphalt-based membrane.
In the matrix, the Western Europe and 50% asphalt-based membrane with polyester tires, fiberglass non-woven 37% fetal base.
2. New Achievements
2.1 The modified bitumen membrane
Modified bitumen membrane abroad still use the SBS and APP modified bitumen membrane-based, but also made considerable progress.
SBS modified asphalt: Kraton Polymer has developed a modified type SBS - IPD-2, adding asphalt softening point can compete with APP modified asphalt, while still maintaining the thermal plasticity and elasticity of SBS .
SBS range from product development to several hundred kinds of products, including double-block SB, SIS and SEBS. Diblock SB and SIS can be equipped with a soft, sticky asphalt, used for self-adhesive products. SEBS high temperature stability and good resistance to ultraviolet light and strong, especially suitable for bonding asphalt and roof coatings, such as modified materials.
APP modified asphalt and other: Foreign recently launched or in the field of mineral aggregates coated APP modified asphalt protective coating, different color patterns arranged in aggregates linoleum, matrix above as APP, SBS modified asphalt below for linoleum, anti-root waterproof membrane, linoleum and other fire.
Self-adhesive modified asphalt: for many years in self-adhesive modified asphalt roofing felt used to make cushion, UV stabilizers are added, and the pellet cladding, as a conventional roof membrane. SBS based adhesive is generally felt, but also APP base.
TPO modified bitumen felt: TPO good affinity with the asphalt, and asphalt mixing between production between SBS and APP performance. TPO modified bitumen membrane 6 years ago in Europe, commercial, and now the United States developed very rapidly.
IMPERBEL SA's bridge waterproofing membrane is modified asphalt felt APP-TPO, with high durability and heat resistance, double-enhanced waterproof membrane in the upper layer of asphalt concrete (160 ℃), or pouring concrete (250 ℃) can be directly Paving above.
Matrix: ordinary polyester carpet binder added specialty chemicals, can dimensional stability from 0.5% to 0.3%. Polyester mesh fabric dimensional stability of glass fiber can be less than 0.2%. Not long ago John Manville Corporation using a special polyester filament penetration without undermining the harder the surface of glass fiber mat structure, this compound tire has excellent dimensional stability, but also improved the flame retardant linoleum.
2.2 waterproofing
U.S. Carlisle's EPDM EPDM roofing sheet with complete supporting materials, products are homogeneous, enhanced and backing black type and white flour products, the product width from 1.37 m until 15.24 m, according to user requirements to provide 5,10 , 15,20-year warranty. This complete product systems, installation techniques and thoughtful
and reliable durability of the roof effect, to ensure that the kinds of products among the best.
PVC PVC roof of Europe from the sixties of last century to begin the installation, to solve the plasticizer migration and application problems, has 35 years of successful use of records, become the dominant polymer roofing sheets.
PVC and PVC alloy the U.S. housing mask has more improvements, come from behind, and this is unmatched.
TPO TPO roofing sheet has a series of advantages: not only has the performance of ethylene-propylene rubber, but also welding; not contain plasticizers, free of chlorine and bromine-free products, is the most environmentally friendly roofing products; can be used with burn-related occasions, has been used in landfill; white film has a reflective function, energy saving, reduce urban heat island effect and so on.
Enhanced product, backing type and homogeneous-type three, the enhanced use of the most common. Enhanced fabric surface layer thickness required to achieve 0.24-0.3 mm, the United States asking for 0.38mm ± 10%, and is flame-retardant products, aims to achieve long-term weathering. Carlisle's products, the United States width 1.9m, 2.4m and 3.05m, well-designed recipes, product performance and stability, through the harsh conditions to test its performance did not change or basically unchanged, for example, conditions of thermal aging at 116 ℃ 28 days, other companies in 100 ℃ for 28 days or at 80 ℃ 56 days.
2.3 waterproof coating
Tremco Polyurethane waterproof coating could provide the United States use a
variety of single-component and two-component polyurethane coatings, single-component self-leveling type of solid content of 87%, 81% of non-sagging, flat 1.3 mm thick coating can be formed dense water layer. Carlisle United one-component polyurethane coatings, applied thickness of 1.5 mm; level with 600% elongation, vertical with 500%; The level of tensile strength of 2.4 MPa, the vertical with a 3.1 MPa.
Japan national standard roofing coatings, the majority of two-component polyurethane coatings (for low-cost than the single-component), more than 95% solid content, site construction does not add any solvent, and is mainly used for roofing, exposed to use, also provide 10-year guarantee period.
Acrylic roof coating waterproofing and protection of the United States, Rohm & Haas's acrylic roof coatings, roof similar coatings in the United States accounted for 80%. Rhoplex EC acrylic roof coating by the company's elastomer emulsion as the base material to add color and tackifier and stabilizer additives made of two generally coated to a thickness of 0.5 mm, extended roof life of 5-10 years, painted metal roof, felt roof, spray polyurethane foam, polymer sheets and other roof, white roof can reduce roof temperature of 10 ℃,。

2.4 Applications
2.4.1 Application of asphalt-based waterproofing membrane technology
The laying of double layers currently mostly European and American double standards are developed for the U.S. experts also recommend modified single layer of asphalt felt should also increase as a cushion ordinary linoleum, but also some European companies that single reliable.
Laying more full-stick approach method, pine shop and mechanical fixation. Recent articles shop law, is sanding the underside of felt or the latest technology, it is a painted acrylic dispersion, can release the air pressure to eliminate the risk of blistering, and save energy. Self-adhesive method also has applications.
Hot Sticking Method to the United States and Japan, mainly hot stick method, using the melting method is quite common in Europe, but the hot stick method is very popular in France.
Asphalt smoke pot than the United States rate of 99%, on-site odor smell. Japan Zhicheng compact melting pot smoke-free, odorless, facilitate carrying, to form a green environmental protection equipment, ensuring Re glued laminated felt roof continued use.
Hot-melt heat welding torch device also has updated the U.S. manufacturer to design a nozzle of the torch 17 vehicles replace the current popular 5-7 vents, heat distribution, especially for SBS modified asphalt. Hot-melt has a major drawback is that easy to cause fire, so New York and Sweden, have banned.
Hot air welding machine has been modified graft used for welding linoleum seams, no fire danger, very popular. The new U.S. development of small air welding machine, welding machine the price is only remote control 1 / 3, and 152 mm in from the parapet at the construction.
Cold agglutination cold bonding method has recently been developed in the United States, and its hot-melt adhesive properties and the torch is similar to experiencing the 1500 rupture and loss of circulation still no sticky after the accident.
Modified asphalt binder with SEBS United States has begun to bond as a modified
asphalt bitumen, fatigue resistance than the ordinary type Ⅲ and Ⅳ 500 times the big asphalt roofing.
2.4.2 Application of Polymer Technology waterproof sheet
EPDM roofing sheet Carlisle and Firestone supporting systems and other large U.S. companies supply all the supporting materials, in addition to the main supply all kinds of things, sheet pan of water, adhesive, insulation board, fasteners, sealant, adhesive tape and covered with sealing, splicing cleaning agents, terminal bar, side protection system, sockets and so on.
Sealed seams sealed with tape and covered with adhesive instead of liquid adhesive effect of making more reliable, environmentally friendly materials and is pollution-free. This sealing tape is divided into non-curing and pre-cured, and now more non-curable, but Firestone's pre-cured butyl-site with the intensity ratio of the strength of joints is 5 times more. U.S. ADCD Products supply EPDM seal the base with black and white, the series of fabric reinforced belt, the series covers band, the series of flashing tapes, EPDM sheet with good compatibility.
Complete sets of construction equipment company American Aeroil power supply EPDM construction with roller coating, spray machines, joint gluing machine, seam sealing machine, improve construction efficiency and construction quality.
Hot air welding machine, Switzerland and the United States have some professional hand-held torch and a supplier of welding machines, especially the Swiss company's various Kaarl Leister hot air welding equipment, long known, the marketing around the world.
3. The trend of building waterproof materials
20th century, 70's and 80's, the world has revolutionized the building waterproof material changes, the traditional system of laminated felt a rapid decline, a variety of
high-performance waterproof material in large numbers, and soon dominate. Transferred into the 90's progressive development of new materials to further enhance the quality, variety increase, corresponding improvement in application technology, resulting in more reliable waterproofing system, greatly extended service life.
3.1 The diversity of building waterproof materials
In the foreseeable future, no matter what kind of waterproof material will not dominate the market, dominate the world, some of the existing types of advanced waterproof material, such as the modified bitumen membrane, waterproofing, waterproof coatings, metal roofing , on-site spray polyurethane foam, bentonite products, permeable crystalline coating, asphalt shingles, concrete tile, etc., in different countries and in the roof, exterior walls, toilet and bathroom, underground, municipal projects have their own applications.
3.2 The asphalt-based waterproof membrane is still the main
Oxidation of asphalt shingle roof and asphalt felt waterproof membrane underground decline. The oxidation of asphalt roofing membranes in Europe accounted for only 9%, the U.S. accounted for less than 20%. Stacked in the underground water system, water system, a very small share.
Modified asphalt felt in many European countries has risen as the leading waterproof material, waterproof membrane roof in Europe accounted for 64% in the United States accounts for about 20% of the new roof, the roof of the renovated about 25%. The United States in underground engineering self-adhesive SBS modified asphalt felt no fetal prominent position. Most of the roof using the SBB and the APP modified asphalt felt, but felt TPO modified bitumen has entered the European markets. SBS and APP slightly better performance than the integrated application than APP.
In the matrix, the main use of polyester felt and glass fiber mat, and later developed polyester - glass fiber composite tire people of all ages. Polyester felt superior performance in a number of glass fiber mat in the ratio gradually increased, but the United States and France and other countries in the multi-layer asphalt shingle roof in the extensive use of glass fiber mat, the use of effects is also very good.
Can be modified single-layer and multi-layer asphalt shingle construction, multi-layer construction is more stable, plus a layer of oxide layer of asphalt during the construction of cushion will be more reliable. From a security point of view, appropriate to use hot air welding machine joints. From an environmental and functional perspective, modified asphalt felt should also promote mechanical fixation.
3.3 waterproofing has occupied an important position
Polymer modified bitumen roofing membrane is second only to the roofing membrane material, about 23% in Europe, new roof in the United States accounts for about 40% in the renovation of the roof in about 34%, in Japan, about the new roof 27%,。