2019-2020同步译林英语必修二新突破讲义：Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——过去完成时 Word版含答案

Section Ⅲ　Grammar——过去完成时
一、过去完成时的构成
过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。

二、过去完成时的用法
1．过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态。

可以用by，before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文来表示。

When the explorer hurried to the destination，the others had already left.当这名探险者匆忙赶到目的地的时候，其他人已经离开了。

By nine o'clock last night，we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到飞船发来的200张图片。

[即时演练1]　用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I had finished (finish)my homework before supper was ready.
②The play had started (start)when we got to the theatre.
③By the end of June they had treated (treat)over 10，000 patients.
2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。

He told us that he had done the scientific research for 5 years.
他告诉我们他做科学研究已经5年了。

3．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。

I had never thought that you were content to help me.
我从未想过你愿意帮我。

We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。

[即时演练2]　用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I had planned (plan)to meet you at the airport，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.
②I had wanted (want)to lend you some money，but you didn't ask.
③I had meant (mean)to visit you，but an unexpected thing happened.
4．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。

He said that he had known her well.
他说他对她很熟悉。

[即时演练3]　用所给动词的适当形式填空
①He told me that his team had already won (win)．
②She said that she hadn't gone (not go)to the Great Wall yet.
5．在状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

常由when，before，after，as soon as，till/until 引导。

When I woke up，it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已停了。

[名师点津]
before，after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句多用一般过去时。

After he arrived in England，he worked hard to improve his English.
他到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。

[即时演练4]　完成句子
①她直到把工作做完才睡觉。

She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.
②读完那本有趣的小说之后，我就上床睡觉了。

I went to bed after I finished reading the interesting novel.
③不久他就安然无恙地回来了。

It was not long before he came back safe and sound.
6．过去完成时的常用固定句型
(1)主语＋had hardly/scarcely(no sooner)＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时)；当hardly，scarcely，no sooner表示否定意义的词位于句首时，主句要倒装。

I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.
＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就下雨了。

(2)It was＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。

(3)It was the first/second/...time＋(that)从句(从句用过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。

(4)主句(过去完成时)＋by the time...(一般过去时)
We had got everything ready by the time they arrived.
在他们到达之前，我们已经做好一切准备了。

(5)句子(过去完成时)＋by the end of...(表示过去的时间)
By the end of last term，we had learned English at least for four years.
到上个学期末，我们至少已经学了四年英语。

[即时演练5]
(1)句型转换
①I had hardly seen her when I got off the bus.
→Hardly had I seen her when I got off the bus.
②He had no sooner arrived than she went away.
→No sooner had he arrived than she went away.
(2)用所给动词的适当形式填空
③It is the second time that I have visited (visit)China.
④It was the first time I had gone (go)abroad.
7．过去完成时和一般过去时的区别
(1)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。

当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时。

We had reached the station before ten o'clock.
10点钟之前我们已到达了车站。

(2)过去完成时与一般过去时都可以和确定的、表示过去的时间状语连用，但意义有所不同。

He had done the work at six o'clock.
在6点钟的时候他已经完成了那项工作。

He did the work at six o'clock.
他是在6点钟的时候做那项工作的。

[即时演练6]　完成句子
①他来这儿之前在一所中学教英语。

He had taught English in a middle school before he came here.
②他回到家，突然意识到他把钥匙落在车上了。

He got home and suddenly realized he had left his key in the car.
8．过去完成时和过去完成进行时的区别
过去完成进行时强调动作的持续性，过去完成时表示在过去某一具体时间或
动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，强调动作已结束这一事实。

They had been building the road by the end of last month.
到上个月月底为止，他们一直在修建这条路。

They had built the road by the end of last month.
上个月月底，他们已建好了这条路。

[即时演练7]　用所给动词的适当形式填空
①When Alice came to，she did not know how long she had been lying (lie)there.
②She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children had eaten (eat)everything！
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I wish she had taken (take)the medicine last night.
2．It was three years since Jack had been (be)a teacher.
3．No sooner had he got (get)home than I told him the inspiring news.
4．We must get the work finished (finish)before the hurricane comes.
5．My classmate said he had given (give)the book to the English teacher.
6．They had learnt/learned (learn)about 2，000 English words by the end of last term.
7．He said he would go to see the play，although he had seen (see)it before.
8．By the time he was twelve，Edison had begun (begin)to make a living by himself.
9．Though it was the first time that I had visited (visit) the small town，I fell in love with it at once.
10．—Where did you go on holiday?
—I had hoped (hope)to go to Hawaii，but I didn't catch the plane in time.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我们前天本打算来看你的，但我们太忙了。

We had intended to come and see you the day before yesterday, but we were too busy.
2．我觉得很难听懂这个讲座，因为我到的时候它已经开始了。

I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.
3．当问到他为什么再次迟到时，他说他没有赶上平常坐的那班公共汽车。

When asked why he was late again，he said that he hadn't caught the regular bus.
4．她刚刚睡下门铃就响了。

Hardly/Scarcely had she gone to bed when the bell rang.
5．我正在给一大群人做演讲，这个演讲我已经给六个其他团体做过了。

I was giving a talk to a large group of people, which I had given to half a dozen other groups．
6．我一到家就发现我的夹克衫忘在操场上了。

The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.
7．——你寄了包裹了吗？
——还没有，当我到那儿时邮局已经关门了。

—Have you sent the parcel?
—Not yet.The post office had already closed when I got there.
8．一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息，我就马上告诉了母亲。

Upon hearing the news that I had been allowed to take part in the activity，I informed my mum of it at once.
9．他在那儿住了半个世纪，这时候战争爆发了。

He had lived there for half a century when the war broke out.
10．那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。

That was not the first time he had lied to us．。