高考英语 Unit8单元单词短语句型知识梳理 大纲人教版第二册

Unit 8理解:要点诠释单词
1.drown
讲：vt.＆vi使溺死，淹死；淹没；消除；忘却
例：Betty tried to drown herself in the lake.
贝蒂企图投湖自杀。

The noise from the airplane drowned his voice.
来自飞机的噪音淹没了他的声音。

The streets were drowned by the floods.
那条街道被洪水所淹没。

He tried to drown his sorrows in drinks.
他试图以酒消愁。

He drowned himself in his job.
他埋头工作。

He fell from a bridge and drowned.
他从桥上掉下去淹死了。

练：（2010湖北宜昌调研）—How dangerous it was!
—Yes,but for the passerby s quick action,the girl___________.
A.was drowned
B.has drowned
C.should be drowned
D.could have been drowned
提示:本题考查虚拟语气的用法。

短语but for的意思为“多亏了；如果不是……的话”，要求主句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，动作发生在过去，谓语用could have done。

答案:D
2.calm
讲：adj.&vt.宁静的，风平浪静的，镇静的；使平静（镇静）
例：It was a calm,cloudless day.
那是个无风无云的日子。

The high wind passed and the sea was calm again.
大风过后，大海又风平浪静了。

He always keeps/stays calm in an emergency.
他碰到紧急事件时总是保持镇定。

She tried to speak in a calm voice.
她尽量用平静的声音讲话。

She got frightened and excited,but is much calmer now.
她受惊吓而显得激动，但现在平静多了。

They tried everything to calm him down.
他们想尽一切办法让他镇静下来。

链接·提示
比较：quiet安静的，不吵闹的；still不动的；silent沉默的，不发表意见的。

练：When I started playing for him,he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous.After I______down,I played better.
A.fell
B.stepped
C.slowed
D.calmed
提示:根据上文中的relax和nervous可以判断出作者过于紧张，影响了能力的发挥，等作者
冷静下来，发挥得更好了，所以使用短语calm down。

答案:D
3.reach
讲：vt.& n.到达；够到；达成
例：Your letter reached me this morning.
你寄给我的信今天早上收到了。

They discu ssed it for a whole day,but no agreement has been reached.
这个事他们讨论了一整天，但没有达成任何协议。

Medicine should not be left within reach of small children.
药品不可留在幼儿伸手可及的范围内。

He reached out for a piece of cake.
他伸手去拿一块蛋糕。

The banana is out of the monkey s reach.
那个香蕉在猴子够不到的地方。

链接·提示
注意在表示“到达”时，reach为及物动词，arrive为不及物动词，get后跟名词时要使用介词to才能表示此意。

练：（2010湖北高考）Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within_______of little children.
A.hand
B.reach
C.space
D.distance 提示:短语within reach of sb.的意思为“在某人够得到的范围内”。

答案:B
4.loose
讲：adj.未打结的；宽松的
短语:break loose 挣脱；let...loose释放
例：He wore a long,loose coat.
他穿一件大而宽松的外衣。

She has a loose tongue.她嘴巴不严。

链接·提示
（1）loosen vt. 放松；松开
He loosened his coat but didn’t take it off.
他解开外衣的扣子但没有脱下来。

(2)比较：lose v. 丢失
练：She got ________in the crowd.
A.lose
B.loose
C.lost
D.loosen
提示:本处为系表结构，过去分词作表语。

答案:C
短语
1.keep...in mind
讲:该短语的意思为“记住”，一般宾语放在动词keep之后。

keep in mind 还可以跟从句作宾语，也表示“记住”。

例：Please keep these rules in mind.
请记住这些规则。

I’ll keep in mind the instructions you have given me.
我会记住你给我的指导。

There is one thing that you must always keep in mind.
有一件事你要牢记。

Keep in mind that the petrol can only last 2 hours.
请记住，这点汽油仅能维持两个小时。

You must keep in mind that he is much younger than you.
你要记住他比你小很多。

练：You must keep________in mind________you are a student in this school,so you should obey the school rules.
A.it;that
B.such;as
C.everything;which
D.something;because
提示:keep something in mind是固定短语。

这里，因为that引导的宾语从句太长，影响句子的平衡，所以在第一空用形式宾语it来代替。

答案:A
2.in honour of
讲：为纪念；为向……表达敬意
例：We decide to hold a meeting in honour of him.
我们决定举行会议来纪念他。

There is a party tonight in honour of our new president.
为庆祝我们的新经理就任，今晚有个聚会。

链接·提示
相似短语还有：in memory of为纪念；in praise of 为表彰；in favour of 支持……，赞成……，有利于……
练：The street was named after a great man_________his great contributions to the city.
A.in honour of
B.in want of
C.in case of
D.in need of
提示:用一个伟人的名字来命名这条街道，为的是“纪念他为这座城市所做出的巨大贡献”。

答案:A
句型
1.as if引导的从句
讲：请观察下面教材原句：
It looked as if she were dead.
看上去她好像死了。

（此处为虚拟语气，表示假设）
as if描述非现实情况时，as if从句中用虚拟语气（表示现在用过去时，表示过去用过去完成时）；在口语中，主句为现在时，而且有内容可清楚判别是表达非现实的意思时，在as if 后的从句有时也可以用现在时。

例：She looks as if she were drunk.
她看起来简直就像喝醉了似的。

It seems as if he would leave for Shanghai.
他好像要动身去上海。

It looks as if it’s going to rain.
看起来似乎要下雨。

(确有可能发生)
He treats me as if I am(were)a stranger.
他待我好像我是陌生人。

链接·提示
若使用现在时，则是表达实际的事实关系；as if从句里的主语和动词，有时可省略。

He walked up and down as if (he was) worried.他来回走动，似乎挺着急。

练：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it_________.
A.breaks
B.has broken
C.were broken
D.had been broken
提示:根据as if对从句谓语的要求，此处从句表示的是一种对现在情况的假设，所以使用一般过去时，be动词一律用were。

答案:C
2.could have done
讲：请观察下面教材原句：
Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not have to feel that we could have done more.
学习急救是保证遇到此类事情不留遗憾的最佳途径。

could have done为情态动词的一种用法，表示“过去本能够做某事”，但事实上没有去做。

should/ought to have done“过去本应该去做”；need have done“过去本必要做”；may have done“过去可能做过”。

例：I could have come on time,but my car broke down on the way.
我本来能够按时来的，但车在路上坏了。

You could have been more careful.
你本来可以更细心的。

You should/ought to have told me about it earlier.
你本应该早点告诉我的。

I should have finished the work earlier.
我应当早一点完成这项工作的。

You may (might) have read about it.
你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。

He needn’t have worried about it.
他本不必为此事担心。

There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party.You ought to have come,but why didn’t you.
昨天的聚会非常有意思。

你本应该来，为何不来呢？
链接·提示
比较：must have done sth.过去一定做过某事；ca n’t have done过去一定没有做过某事
He isn’t here.He must have missed the train.
他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。

Where can (could) he have gone?
他能到哪里去了呢？
练：Miss Yang_______at 5:00 for the meeting,but she didn’t appear.
A.should have arrived
B.should arriv e
C.should have had arrived
D.should be arriving
提示:本题考查情态动词的用法。

从句子的意思分析，此处应该表示“本应该在5:00来开会”，
但事实是没有到。

所以使用should have done结构。

答案:A
辨析
1.catch fire，be on fire,make a fire,set fire to,put out the fire
catch fire表示动作，“着火”。

(be)on fire表示状态，“着火”。

make a fire生火
start/lig ht a fire点火
put out the fire扑灭大火
set...on fire/set fire to纵火，放火烧
即时练习:
(1)If a pan of oil ___________,turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.
(2)The company ___________last night and it is still on fire.
(3)The fire has been ___________for half an hour.
(4)They _____________to keep warm.
(5)The old woman was about to _____________to cook dinner when someone knocked at the door.
(6)They ___________to be seen by the rescuing team.
(7)The fire had been ___________before the firemen arrived.
(8)The Japanese to his house.
答案:(1)catches fire (2)caught fire (3)on fire (4)made a fire (5)make a fire (6)started a fire (7)put out (8)set fire
2.in case of,in case,in any case,in no case,in that case
in case of +n.万一；在……情形下
in case后跟从句或用作副词位于句尾，意为“在……情况下；万一……的话”。

in any case在任何情况下
in no case无论如何
in that case那样的话；在那种情况下
即时练习:
(1)____________an earthquake,don’t panic.
(2) ___________ should you give up.
(3) ___________ anything important happens,please call me up.
(4)Take a taxi____________you are late for the meeting.
(5)You had better carry some money____________.
(6)Come late again and you will be dismissed. ___________,you will be helpless.
(7)You can’t be late again____________.
答案:(1)In case of (2)In no case (3)In case (4)in case (5)in case (6)In that case (7)in any case
诱思:实例点拨
【例1】(2010福建高考)Only after my friend came_________.
A.did the computer repair
B.he repaired the computer
C.was the computer repaired
D.the computer was repaired
提示:only加状语放在句首，句子要用倒装语序。

故排除B、D两项。

computer与repair之间应该为被动语态。

选项C符合上述要求。

答案:C
讲评:注意掌握特定的句型结构。

【例2】(2010重庆高考)I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They _________at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A.should have been doing
B.must have been doing
C.could have done
D.would have done
提示:must have been doing表示对过去正在发生的事情的肯定的推测，意为“必定正在……”因为上句说“我看到一辆警车紧跟着飞速而去”，所以下文我自然对此作出的推测相当肯定。

其余选项均无此用法。

答案:B
讲评:考查情态动词表示推测。

从语境分析，此处推测过去那时一定在做某事。