牛津上海版高一上英语-U1词汇句型精讲-学案

牛津上海版高一上英语-U1词汇句型精讲-学案
彭老师
牛津高一上U1词汇句型精讲＋阅读拓展精讲
U1重点词汇精讲
1．glance (v)瞥/ (n)一瞥；扫视
词组：glance at匆匆看一眼
at a glance一眼就…
例句：她匆匆看了一下手表就匆忙地赶去办公室。

他一眼就看出来她哭过了。

［拓展］：
watch注视
observe观察
read读
see看见
look at看着
peep at窥视
glare at怒视
gaze at凝视
stare at凝视
例句：有时候，适当的肢体语言是一种有效的交流方式。

（2）communications （n）通讯
例句：他们正计划与我们建立无线通讯。

5. impression （n）印象
词组：give/make/leave a ... impression on somebody 给某人留下…的印象
例句：这座现代化的城市给游客们留下了美好的印象。

【拓展】：
（1）impress （v）给…极深的印象
词组：impress somebody with something 用…给某人留下深刻的印象
impress something on somebody 使意识到（重要性或严重性）
impress on somebody something 使某人牢记…
例句：这个女孩的和善给我留下了深刻的印象。

老师使学生们牢记每天操练英语口语的重要性。

（2）impressive （a）令人印象深刻的；令人难
忘的
例句：这次皇家婚礼给人们留下了深刻的印象。

6.remind （v）提醒；使…想起
词组：remind somebody of something 使…想起
remind somebody to do something 提醒某人做某事
remind somebody that …提醒某人…
例句：公园里嬉戏的孩子让老人们想起来自己欢乐的童年。

明早请提醒我吃药。

一看到钟，我就意识到开会迟到了。

7. contact (n)接触，联系／（v）接触；联系；联络
词组：keep in contact with 与。

保持联系make contact with与……取得联系
lose contact with与……失去联系
contact lenses隐形眼镜
例句：父亲和他大学里的一些同学仍然保持着联系。

二十年后，她成功地和在法国的舅舅取得了联系。

由于战争，这位老妇人和她的家人失去了联系。

他答应以后会和我联系。

8、maintain （v）保持；维持；维修；保养
例句：这位政客行为举止非常小心，就是为了维护自己的好名声。

这些高速公路维护保养得非常好。

【拓展】
maintenance n．维持；维护；保养；生活费
例句：这辆二手车依然保养得很好。

9、consider （v）认为；把……看作；考虑
词组：consider．．．(as／to be)…认为…是……；把…看作是……
consider doing something考虑做某事
例句：我把你看作是我最好的朋友。

人们把巴黎看作是法国的心脏。

她正在考虑出国进修。

【拓展】
（1）consideration n．考虑
词组：take…into consideration考虑到……
例句：为了解决这个问题，我们必须考虑到所有因素。

（2）considerate adj．替别人着想的；体贴的例句：把座位让给那位老妇人，你真是考虑的太周到了。

（3）considerable adj．相当大的；相当多的；重要的
10、lack (v)缺乏；不足；没有/(n)缺乏；不足；没有
词组：lack of缺少
lack in缺乏(某种品质、特点)
例句：由于缺水，这些花都枯死了。

她缺乏勇气。

据说，缺乏睡眠可能导致脑力衰退。

11、concentration （n）专心；专注
例句：马丁聚精会神地听老师讲解。

【拓展】
concentrate v．集中
词组：concentrate on／upon集中；全神贯注
例句：她集中精力复习迎考。

课堂练习：
一、选择框中适当内容并以适当形式填空rather than at first glance
impression communicate
take ... into consideration lack of remind senior
concentration lose contact with
1. __________, the story seems comical.
2. This is what _________executives are trained to do.
3. British people do not readily ask each other to do anything that would involve real inconvenience. They prefer to wait for such service to be offered _________ask for it.
4. Her progress in English left a deep_________ on the teacher.
5. The speaker was successful in__________ his ideas to the listeners.
6. I need not __________you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.
7. He has ________his pen-friend in the UK for two years.
8. The miners went on a strike against the
__________food.
9. The successful solution of the problem required patience and__________ .
10. Before we come to a decision, we must make
sure we _________________ all the relevant facts___________ .
二、翻译句子
1. 我宁可步行上学也不愿意乘这么拥挤的公共汽车。

(prefer)
2. 从某种意义上说（in some sense），我们的行为反映了我们的生活方式。

(the way)
3. 他的行为给老师留下了很坏的印象。

(impression)
4. 这张旧照片使我想起了在英国的那段日子。

(remind... of)
5. 我想找个有更多机会与人打交道的工作。

(communicate with)
6.约翰比史密斯年长几岁。

(senior to)
7.我们必须致力于改进教育工作。

(concentrate on)
8.中国在维护世界和平中起着重要的作用。

(maintain)
阅读拓展精讲
一、基本能力训练：
（一）阅读理解能力测试的主要要求
1．读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。

2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。

3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深层次的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。

4．既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。

5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。

（二）题材
试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。

体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体。

它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。

（三）题型
具体信息：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。

语义理解：题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。

解答这类题目时需要对有关的建立准
确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。

逻辑推理：这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据
进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。

有时甚至还得联系加以推理，才能获得正确答案。

归纳概括：要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。

解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合
进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。

词意判断：要求根据判断短文中词或短语的意思。

（四）方法策略
在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力，根据不同的阅读目的和要求，采取不同的阅读方法和策略。

提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有细读、略读、全读等。

扫读：是一种快速阅读方法，主要在于对文
章信息的精确定位，锁定重要信息，如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。

略读：也是一种快速阅读，目的是读取文章的主旨大意。

与扫读不同的是，略读是跳跃式的，略掉一些东西不读，取出短文中的关键性东西。

细读：细读是完全阅读，目的包括（1）确定中心思想及标题；（2）了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；（3）对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文推测词义。

扩大视距：要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。

带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。

根据上下文猜测词意：遇到生词，要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常识和经验推断或猜测词意。

二、速度训练：
阅读理解题是中考中英语分数拉开档次的题型，它能检测学生获取英语信息的能力及理解的准确程度，在某种意义上对考生试卷总分起着决定作用。

理解的正确率和速度是阅读理解成败的关键。

提高阅读速度，工夫在平时。

想提高英
语阅读速度可以从以下几方面入手：
(一) 注意力高度集中，统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。

在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。

统览全篇，摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。

(二) 注重长句、复杂句的理解
遇到长句、复杂句，如果我们分析好句子成分，找到中心句、关键词、指代词等，这个问题就会被很好地解决。

难句多为长句，即主从复合句、主从并列复合句或者从句中有多种形式的定语、状语，有时伴有倒装、省略等现象。

如此复杂的句子令人眼花缭乱。

其实再难的句子抓住关键词，问题就会迎刃而解。

比如说，结构关键词一般是分句、短语的起始词，即分句的引导词、意群的第一个词，找到了分句，从而将难句子化整为零，各个击破，难句也就不再难了。

长句是
初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。

（三）扩大知识面,分门别类识别文体
阅读速度与阅读材料所涉及的话题有很大的关系。

如果阅读材料是自己熟悉的内容，阅读速度就会自然加快；反之，如果阅读材料所涉及的是非常陌生的话题，阅读速度便会很慢。

所以扩大自己的知识面，多掌握一些文化背景知识，了解当今英语国家历史文化、人物传记、科技教育等方面的社会知识对提高阅读速度是极其重要的。

随着信息时代的到来，阅读内容更趋于信息化、时代化，突破了单一的故事、寓言等题材，内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等，文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。

不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。

记叙文
议论文
应用文
（四）开动脑筋推测词意
英语学科教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为。

（五）进行计时和限时阅读训练
任何一种技能的获得都必须经过大量的实践练习。

在平时的阅读训练中，要注重进行计时和限时阅读训练，在平时的训练中有意识地锻炼自己的阅读速度。

Many changes are taking place in food styles in the United States. The United States is traditionally famous for its very solid and unchanging diet, chiefly made up of meat and potatoes. Now people in America have many different choices: ethnic food, health food, and fast food, in addition to the traditional home-cooked meal.
Ethnic restaurants and supermarkets are common in the United States. Being a country of immigrants, the United States enjoys a wide
variety of ethnic food. Most American cities and towns are filled with restaurants serving international cooking. Many even have ethnic sections: Chinatown, Little Italy, or Germantown. Having vast ethnic choices, Americans can enjoy food from all over the world. Besides sections of cities, there are ethnic regions, which are well-known for certain food because of the people who have settled there. For example, in southern California, there are many Mexican restaurants.
Health food became popular when people began to think more seriously about their physical well-being. Health food is fresh, natural, and unprocessed food, which does not contain preservatives to make it last longer or chemicals to make it taste or look better. People who are keen on health food are usually vegetarians. They don't eat meat, but live on beans, cheese, and eggs.
Fast food restaurants are now expanding rapidly all over the country. In the United States, speed is a very important concept. People usually have a short lunch break because they just do not want to waste their time eating. Fast food restaurants are places that take care of hundreds of people in a short time. There is usually very little waiting, and the food is always cheap. Burger and pizza places are just two examples.
Americans' attitude toward food is changing, too. The traditional big breakfast is no longer popular. However, coming to rediscover the social importance of food, Americans find that dinner with family and friends is a very special
way of enjoying time together. Like so many people in other cultures, many Americans are taking time to relax and enjoy a wider variety of tastes at dinner, even if they still rush through lunch at a hamburger stand.
I. Comprehension Questions
1. _______________ American people can have
.
A. food only made of meat and potatoes B .
very solid and unchanging diet
C . food of many different choices D. very
traditional food only in restaurants
2. Why do you think most American cities are full of restaurants serving international cooking?
A. Because ethnic restaurants and
supermarkets are common in the United States.
B. Because the United States is a country of
immigrants from all over the world.
C. Because the American people have been
fed up with their simple and boring traditional food.
D. Because there are many ethnic sections
like Chinatown, Little Italy, or Germantown in these cities.
3. Which of the following is health food?
A. Preserved fruits
B. Sausages
C.
French fries D. Fresh beans
4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. American people used to have big
breakfast which usually took them quite a long time.
B. American people now like fast food as
well as health food, which seems contradictory.
C. American people cannot afford to enjoy
their lunch because of the fast pace of life.
D. American people are mostly vegetarians
because they love health food.'
5. H ow do you understand the phrase "take time" in the last paragraph?
A. spend time B . do something
slowly
C . enjoy the moment D. waste time II. Put the following phrases either in English or
Chinese according to the reading passage
1. physical well-being
_________________ 2. health food _________
3. attitude toward _
4. take place ___
5. a variety of __
6.
由……组成____
7. 热衷于
______________ 8. 浪费时间做某事
9. 以……为主食
10. 赶紧做完__
III. Fill in the blank with the words or phrases in
the reading passage
1.In the sentence "The United States is famous
for its very solid and unchanging diet", we
can also say "The United States is its ve 2.People who have settled in a new country are
called _________________________ .
3.Americans have now learnt to enjoy a tastes,
other than meat and potatoes.
4.Health food is becoming popular as people
have begun to care more about
their .
5.We will try our best to restore her to health
but it may ______________________ .
6.There are 12 people in the team; that is, the
team _________________________ 12 people.
IV. Translation
1．我们公司主要由4个部门组成。

(make)
2．公共汽车上挤满了乘客。

(fill)
3．唐人街以各种中国民族风味的食品而著称。

( know)
4．除了汉语书外，这家书店还有很多种外语书
籍可供选择。

(in addition to)
5．他们不想把时间浪费在做饭上，因此他们匆
匆忙忙地在快餐店吃了午餐。

( waste，rush) 6．我知道要他充分相信我们需要时间，但我肯定他很快会喜欢上健康食品的。

(take time，keen)
回家作业：
一、词汇自默20min
well-dressed glance
sign
senior employee prefer communicate gesture expression appearance impression downwards assistance without hesitation remark remind
eye contact
signal
hostility
boredom
confusion
maintain
consider
lack of
last
avoid
respect
authority
in authority
concentration
subtle
stare
rude
穿着讲究的
匆匆一看
叹气；叹息
级别高的
职员；雇员
宁可；更喜欢
交流
手势；姿势
表情
外貌；外表
印象
向下地
帮助
毫不犹豫
说；评论
提醒
目光接触；眼神交流
表示
敌意
无聊困惑
保持
认为
缺少
持续；延续
避免
尊敬
权利
掌权的
专心；专注
微妙的
盯着看；凝视
粗鲁的
二、阅读训练30min
Cloze
The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants. The problem we are faced with is that our resources, here identified as money, are 1 The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of 2 and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and 3 we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics—deciding just how to allocate our limited resources to provide 4 with the greatest satisfaction of our wants.
Nations face the same problem. As a country's population 5 , the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there 6 are enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family living room, in the conference room of the corporation 7 of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find 8 of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.
A short time ago economists divided goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in 9 abundance that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the 10 of scarcity and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are 11 very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers' extra costs, and 12
taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.
In the 1990s, almost all goods are 13 . Only by effort and money 14 obtained in the form people wish.
Meeting needs of people and the demands from resource available 15 the basic activity of production. In trying to meet unlimited wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics. () 1. A. limited B. unlimited C. scarcity D. abundant
( ) 2. A. want B. problem C. wants D. resources
() 3. A. those B.some
C.others
D.many
() 4. A. them B.
themselves C.ourselves D.
ours
() 5. A. expand B.extends C.
grows D.increase
() 6. A. always B.
sometimes C.often D.
never
() 7. A. management B.
function C.board D.
group
() 8. A. people B.economists C.
way D.methods
() 9. A. so B.great C.
such D.such an
()10.A. form B.study C.
means D.source
()11.A. practically B.in practice C.in reality D.practicably
()12.A. the B./C.forD.
with
()13.A. plentiful B.scarce C.
abundant D.in full supply ()14.A. they can be B.can they be
C.they must be
D.must they be
() 15.A. are led to B.leads C.lead to D.leads to
Reading
(A)
When I met him, I had a lot of anger inside of me. I've lived my whole life in Spanish Harlem, but in my neighborhood, there are shoot-ups all the time. I know kids who have been shot or beaten up. I have friends who ended up in prison. I could have ended up that way, too, but Mr. Clark wouldn't let that happen.
Mr. Clark worked long hours, making sure I did my work. My grades rose. In fact, the scores of our whole class rose. One day, he took our class to see The Phantom of the Opera, and it was the first time some kids had ever been out of Harlem. Before the show, he treated us to dinner at a restaurant and taught us not to talk with our mouths full. We did not want to let him down.
Mr. Clark was selected as Disney's 2019 Teacher of the Year. He said he would draw three names out of a hat; those students would go with him to Los Angles to get the award. But when the time came to draw names, Mr. Clark
said, "You're all going."
On graduation day, there were a lot of tears. We didn't want his class to end. In 2019, he moved to Atlanta, but he always kept in touch. He started giving lectures about education, and wrote a bestselling book based on his classroom rules, The Essential 55.In 2019, Mr. Clark took some of us on a trip to South Africa to deliver school supplies and visit orphanages(孤儿院). It was the most amazing experience of my life. It's now my dream to one day start a group of women's clubs, helping people from all backgrounds.
( ) 16. Without Mr. Clark, the writer
.
A. might have been put into prison
B.
might not have won the prize
C. might have joined a women's club
D. might not have moved to Atlanta
( ) 17. The Essential 55 is .
A. a show
B. a speech
C. a classroom rule
D. a book
( ) 18. How many students' names were finally drawn out of a hat by Mr. Clark?
A. None
B. Three
C. Fifty-five
D.
All
( ) 19. In the passage, the writer intends to tell us that ___________________________ .
A. Mr. Clark went to South Africa
because he liked traveling
B. M r. Clark helped to set up a group of
women's clubs
C. a good teacher can raise his or her
students' score
D. a good teacher has a good influence on
his or her students
(B)
When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly as possible and head for safety. But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm. These people are willing to risk(冒......危险) being killed by floods or
100-kilometer-an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up.
"Storm chasing(追逐)" is becoming an increasingly popular hobby(喜好), especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between March and July. A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to 1,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waits for it to develop.
Although anyone can do it, storm chasing is extremely dangerous. The power of a big storm can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds. Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain. If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm-chasing vacations during the storm season.
Even then, storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement. "Storm chasing is 95% driving," says Daniel Lynch, who spends most of his summer storm-chasing. "Sometimes you
can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers."
However, for storm chasers, it is all worth it. "When you get close to a storm, it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life," says Jasper Morley. "Every storm is an example of the power of nature. It is the greatest show on Earth. "
( ) 20. For storm chasing, the first thing storm chasers do is to _______________________ .
A. head straight for the center of the
storm
B. g et into the car for safety
C. wait patiently for the storm to develop
D. collect information about a coming
storm
( ) 21. Beginners of storm chasing are advised _______________________ .
A. not to drive in a heavy rain
B. to do
it in an organized way
C. not to get too close to a storm
D.
to spend more time on it in summer
( ) 22. By saying "it is all worth it" in the last paragraph, the author means that ______________ .
A. storm chasing costs a lot of money
B. s torm chasing is worth hours of
waiting
C. efforts in storm chasing are well
repaid
D. a storm presents the greatest show on
Earth
(C)
Most episodes (情况) of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded(译成密码) it deeply. "
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way
of paying attention to an event that has a major impact (影响) on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations.
If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn't failing you, "says Schacter." Rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed. "
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.
"Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness", says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine
chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness:walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.
( ) 23. We can learn from the passage that encoding _________________________ .
A. slows down the process of
losing our memories
B. h elps us understand our memory
system better
C. gets us to recall something from our
memories
D. helps us to find out
the mobile phone in the pocket
( ) 24. Why do women have
better memories than men?
A. They seldom use their mobile
phones.
B. T hey are more nervous about the
environment.
C. They are more interested in what's
happening around them.
D.
They usually take some special medicine to improve memories.
( ) 25. The sentence underlined in Paragraph 4 means that
.
A. a note in the pocket will easily get
lost
B. p utting something in sight can be a
good reminder
C. taking medicine can get rid of
absent-mindedness
D. people of absent-mindedness must take medicine
with them
( )26. What is the passage mainly
about?
A. The causes of absent-mindedness.
B. T he environment and memory.
C. A way of encoding and recalling.
D. The process of gradual memory
loss.。