修辞Metaphor ppt课件

Find also in the sound a thought,
and then begin all
Hearing it by this distant northern sea.
over again.
PPT课件
13
Sustained metaphors
Definition: In some metaphors, the primary term is successively compared to two or more secondary terms.
PPT课件
2
Metaphor & Simile
Common qualities:
• Comparison between two unlike elements.
Difference：
• Similes are mainly confined to nouns only. In simile, the comparison is explicit.
• Liberty needs bloodshed as the tree needs manure. Without manure, the tree will not grow; without bloodshed, liberty cannot be achieved or defended. As we can compare liberty to a tree, we can compare bloodshed to manure. The sentence suggests that the blood of the defenders as well as the oppressors nourished liberty. The metaphor illuminates that bloodshed is necessary for liberty.
• The initial comparison is “Laws are cobwebs.” and the extending metaphor is “the small flies” and “the great flies”, which respectively refer to those who come from the lower class and those from the upper class.
movement of the
Heard it on the Agean, and it brought
waves that dash
Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow
themselves against the
Of human misery; we
cliffs and then recede,
his mind, human life
With tremulous cadence slow, and bring
is a struggle---having
The eternal note of sadness in.
its progress and
setbacks---like the
Sophocles long ago
Eg: Poetry is the scent of the rose, the lightening in the sky, the gleam of the fly, the sound of the sea.
• Poetry is compared to scent, lightening, gleam, and sound--all in different perspectives.
Eg: Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
(Francis Bacon) • In the sentence, the secondary term “food” does not appear
Visible metaphor Invisible metaphor Sustained metaphor Extended metaphor Mixed metaphor
Dead metaphor
PPT课件
6
Visible metaphor
Definition: both the primary term (tenor) and the secondary term (vehicle) are present in the sentence.
• The primary term “Man” is not present, but it is suggested by the secondary term “machine”. “Man” is replaced by “machine” because the man at the desk performed his duty mechanically. In the writer’s mind the man was no longer a man but a machine.
Form: “X is Y”
• You are my sunshine. • She was my worst nightmare. • She is the apple of her eye.
PPT课件
7
Invisible metaphor
1. The primary term (tenor) is present, but the secondary term (vehicle) is not--- but it is hinted by other words.
PPT课件
9
Three purposes Description Illumination Illustration
PPT课件
10
Description
1. The hallway was zebra-striped with darkness and moonlight.
• A description of the alternate bands of light and shade in the hall, like a Zebra’s stripes.
literally, but it is suggested by the verbs “tasted”, “Swallowed”, “chewed” and “digested”.
PPT课件
8
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2. The secondary term is present in the sentence but the primary term is not. The primary term is suggested by the secondary term.
PPT课件
12
Illustration
Only, from the long line of spray
• In this poem, the poet
Where the sea meets the moon-balanced land, compares the human
Listen! You hear the grating roar
• Function: leaves room for the reader’s imagination.
• Eg: The machine sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a busy New York broker...(O. Henry)
• There are some hinges of comparison that are fixed between the primary term and the secondary term.
PPT课件
15
• Eg: Laws are cobwebs, where the small flies are caught and the great break through.
Metaphor
PPT课件
1
Definition: Metaphor uses words to indicate something different from their literal meaning---one thing is described in terms of another so as to suggest a likeness or analogy between them.
PPT课件
3
Metaphors partially structure our everyday concepts.
Everyday concept:
• Ideas are food. • Ideas are plants.
Literal Language:
• There are too many facts here for me to digest them all.
2. A perfect fountain of bubbling notes shook from the barrel-organ, round, bright notes, carelessly scattered.
• The full cheery notes of the barrel-organ are liked here to the cheery sound of water from a fountain, bubbling out or falling in a spray.
PPT课件
11
Illumination
• The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of the patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure. (Thomas Jefferson)
The image created by a sustained metaphor from angles and aspects tends to be more vivid and more impressive.
PPT课件
14
Extended metaphors
• Definition: Extended metaphor is another form of comparison, in which a n initial comparison is made and then developed.
beings’ vicissitudes变化
Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling, 无 常 to the ebb and
At their return, up the high strand,
flow of the tides. In
Begin, and cease, and then again begin,
• His ideas have finally come to fruition.
PPT课件
4
Function
• •
forcefulness detailed description
concrete words and expressions
PPT课件
5
Different categories of metaphor
• Metaphors involve nouns, verbs, adjectives, attributive or adverbial modifiers. In metaphor, the comparison is implied.
Metaphor is a condensed or implied simile.