揭秘名词性从句

“揭秘”名词性从句
名词性从句是高中英语考查的重点，也是高一年级的同学们学习的难点。

现在我将该语法中的难点一一为你“揭秘”，为你扫清学习名词性从句路上的“拦路虎”。

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、主语从句和表语从句：
作主语的从句就是主语从句，做表语的从句叫表语从句。

如：What she lacks is experience.中what she lacks就是由what引导的主语从句；The problem is why he refused my suggestion. 中why he refused my suggestion就是表语从句。

考查主语和表语从句时重点考查它们的引导词。

请同学们看看如下有关此类从句的练习与分析：
1.See the flag on top of the building . That was ___ we did this morning .
A when B. which C. where D. what
【答案解析】D。

表语从句中缺did的宾语。

2. ________ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.
A.What
B.Where
C.If
D.That
【答案解析】D.主语从句中不缺少任何成分，用that引导。

二、同位语从句
有很多名词后可以跟that引起的从句，说明其内容，称作同位语从句。

请同学们看下面一个小题。

如：
Nobody would stand out admitting the fact they lost the game.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. why
【答案解析】A “they lost the game.”在句子中做the fact 的同位语从句, 对the fact的内容进行解释。

【注意】that引导的同位语从句和that引导的定语从句的差别：同位语从句时对其修饰的名词进行解释和说明，that在从句中不做任何成分；定语从句中的that必须代替先行词在从句中做主语或宾语。

请同学们下面两个例句：
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。

The message that I received is that she would be late.我收到的信息是她可能晚到。

第一句中that she would be late是同位语从句，说明message的内容，that在从句中不做任何成分，不可以省略；第二句中that I received是the message的定语从句，that做received 的宾语，可以省略。

三、宾语从句
做动词或代词宾语的从句就叫宾语从句。

这类从句，同学们从初一就开始接触的从句，不用太多的赘述，我只将考点讲清，相信你们就会明白。

1、引导词
宾语从句的引导词与主语从句的引导词相同。

请同学们看如下小题：
We can not figure out ____quite a number of insects ,birds ,and animals are dying out .
A. that
B. as
C. why
D. when
【答案解析】C 。

figure out后接宾语从句，根据从句要表达的意思“为什么很多昆虫，鸟，和动物在逐渐灭绝”。

宾语从句可以做动词和介词的宾语。

如：That depends on whether he will come and chair the meeting.
【注意】一个动词后跟多个宾语从句时，第二个开始的连词that不能省略；引导介词的宾语从句时that也不能省略。

请看例句：
He said (that) he didn’t atte nd the party and that he didn’t want to.
The children go to school except that it is Saturday or Sunday.
2、语序
宾语从句要用陈述语气。

如：These shoes look very good. I wonder _______.
A. how much cost they are
B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost
D. how much are they cost
【答案解析】C。

宾语从句要用陈述语气，cost是动词。

suppose, think, believe, guess，expect等后有用疑问代词或副词引导的宾语从句且主句为疑问句时，则疑问词放到主句句首。

如：What do you think has happened to her? 请同学们看如下练习：Mum is coming. What present _______ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got
B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got
D. do you expect has she got
【答案解析】C。

what present做宾语从句中的has got的宾语，主句是一般问句，从句用陈述语气。

3、时态
请看下面的小题：
Jack said that________to meet the American friends.
A. he had pleased
B.he is pleased
C.he was pleased
D.he pleased
【答案解析】C。

主句是过去时，从句需用相应的过去时，please为及物动词。

4、否定转移
suppose, think, believe, guess，expect等用于第一、第二人称时，当否定宾语从句的谓语动词时，要否定主句谓语动词。

请同学们看下面小题：
I don’t think he is fit for the job,?
A. do I
B.don’t I
C. is he
D. isn’t he
【答案解析】C。

由于否定从句时，否定了主句，因此反意疑问句中的助动词和主语要与从句一致，而肯定形式或否定形式由主句决定，也就是主句用肯定形式，反问句就应用否定形式，反之相同。

5、有些不可直接跟宾语从句的动词，后要跟形式宾语it，然后再跟宾语从句。

如下列句型：
I hate it when…；I dislike it when…；I’d appreciate it i f…；I will see to it that…。

请看如下小题：Never take________for granted that I will help you.Better depend on yourself.
A.that
B.it
C.which
D.this
【答案解析】B。

it做形式宾语，that引导的是宾语从句。

亲爱的同学们，读完这篇文章，相信聪明的你一定明白了关于名词性从句的疑点或困惑。