专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷196(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷196(题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 5. READING COMPREHENSION
PART V READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.
(1) The reader may rest satisfied that Tom’s and Huck’s windfall (意外之财) made a mighty stir in the poor little village of St. Petersburg. So vast a sum, all in actual cash, seemed next to incredible. It was talked about, gloated over, glorified, until the reason of many of the citizens tottered under the strain of the unhealthy excitement. Every “haunted” house in St. Petersburg and the neighboring villages was dissected, plank by plank, and its foundations dug up and ransacked (搜遍) for hidden treasure—and not by boys, but men—pretty grave, unromantic men, too, some of them. Wherever Tom and Huck appeared they were courted, admired, stared at. The boys were not able to remember that their remarks had possessed weight before; but now their sayings were treasured and repeated; everything they did seemed somehow to be regarded as remarkable; they had evidently lost the power of doing and saying commonplace things; moreover, their past history was raked up and discovered to bear marks of conspicuous originality. The village paper published biographical sketches (传略) of the boys. (2) The Widow Douglas put Huck’s money out at six per cent, and Judge Thatcher did the same with Tom’s at Aunt Polly’s request. Each lad (男孩) had an income, now, that was simply prodigious—a dollar for every week-day in the year and half of the Sundays. It was just what the minister got—no, it was what he was promised—he generally couldn’t collect it. A dollar and a quarter a week would board, lodge, and school a boy in those old simple days—and clothe him and wash him, too, for that matter. (3) Judge Thatcher had conceived a great opinion of Tom. He said that no commonplace boy would ever have got his daughter out of the cave. When Becky told her father, in strict confidence, how Tom had taken her whipping at school, the Judge was visibly moved; and when she pleaded grace for the mighty lie which Tom had told in order to shift that whipping from her shoulders to his own, the Judge said with a fine outburst that it was a noble, a generous, a magnanimous lie—a lie that was worthy to hold up its head and march down through history breast to breast with George Washington’s lauded Truth about the hatchet (短柄小斧) ! Becky thought her father had never looked so tall and so superb as when he walked the floor and stamped his foot and said that. She went straight off and told Tom about it. (4) Judge Thatcher hoped to see Tom a great lawyer or a great soldier some day. He said he meant to look to it that Tom should be admitted to the National Military Academy and afterward trained in the best law school in the country, in order that he might be ready for either career or both. (5) Huck Finn’s wealth and the fact
that he was now under the Widow Douglas’ protection introduced him into society—no, dragged him into it, hurled him into it—and his sufferings were almost more than he could bear. The widow’s servants kept him clean and neat, combed and brushed, and they bedded him nightly in unsympathetic sheets that had not one little spot or stain which he could press to his heart and know for a friend. He had to eat with a knife and fork; he had to use napkin, cup, and plate; he had to learn his book, he had to go to church; he had to talk so properly that speech was become insipid (枯燥乏味的) in his mouth; whithersoever he turned, the bars and shackles (镣铐) of civilization shut him in and bound him hand and foot. (6) He bravely bore his miseries three weeks, and then one day turned up missing. For forty-eight hours the widow hunted for him everywhere in great distress. The public were profoundly concerned; they searched high and low, they dragged the river for his body. Early the third morning Tom Sawyer wisely went poking among some old empty hogsheads (大桶) down behind the abandoned slaughter-house, and in one of them he found the refugee. Huck had slept there; he had just breakfasted upon some stolen odds and ends of food, and was lying off, now, in comfort, with his pipe. He was unkempt (蓬乱的), uncombed, and clad in the same old ruin of rags that had made him picturesque in the days when he was free and happy.
1．In Para. 2, the word “prodigious” probably means______.
A．enormous
B．trivial
C．common
D．moderate
正确答案：A
解析：语义题。

原文第二段第二句提到，如今，每个男孩都有了一笔收入，这笔钱prodigious——这一年里每个工作日和半数周日都有一美元，第三句“这正好是牧师的收入——不，这是他被许诺的收入——他通常领不到这么多钱”和第四句“在以前那些生活简单的日子里，一周1美元25美分就足够让一个男孩吃饭、住宿和上学——其实，还能让他买衣服和洗澡”表明这笔钱非常多，由此可知该词与[A]enomous“巨大的，庞大的”，意思相近，故[A]为答案。

[B]“微不足道的”与原文语义相反，故排除；[C]“普通的”和[D]“适中的”与文意不符，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
2．What can be concluded from the passage about Judge Thatcher?
A．He voluntarily helped Tom lend money for interests.
B．He was touched by Tom’s help to his daughter.
C．He thought highly of Tom’s lie about the whipping.
D．He hoped Tom could receive military or law education.
正确答案：C
解析：推断题。

原文第三段第三句的第二个分句提到，当她请求父亲原谅汤
姆为了替她挨鞭笞而撒的大谎时，法官情绪激动地表示，这是一个高尚的、仁慈的、宽宏大量的谎言——这个谎言值得抬头挺胸地与华盛顿那句被人称颂的关于小斧头的真话一起永垂青史。

撤切尔法官将汤姆的谎言与华盛顿那句被人称颂的真话相提并论，由此可以推断出他对汤姆关于鞭笞的谎言评价很高，故[C]为答案。

第二段第一句指出，道格拉斯寡妇把哈克的钱拿出去放债，收取六分利息，应波莉姨妈的请求，撒切尔法官也对汤姆的钱做了同样的处理，由此可知撒切尔法官并非自愿帮汤姆放债，故排除[A]；第三段第三句的第一个分句提到，当贝基悄悄地告诉父亲，汤姆在学校里是如何替她受鞭笞时，法官显然被感动了，[B]在原文直接提及，无需推断，故排除；第四段第二句指出撒切尔法官打算让汤姆进入国家军事学院，然后再到全国最好的法学院接受教育，而不是只接受其中的一种教育，故排除[D]。

知识模块：阅读
3．According to Para. 5, Huck Finn felt______living with the Widow Douglas.
A．lonely
B．dreadful
C．furious
D．excited
正确答案：B
解析：推断题。

原文第五段第一句指出，这些折磨让哈克-费恩几乎无法忍受。

紧接着第二句提到寡妇的仆人把他收拾得干净利落，帮他梳头刷牙，每晚让他睡在冷冰冰的床单上，没有任何他能按在心口做朋友的小斑点或污渍。

第三句则提到他得用刀叉吃饭；他得用餐巾、杯子和碟子；他得念书，上教堂；他得谈吐得体，以至于他讲的话都乏味无趣；无论走到哪里，文明的枷锁都把他关在其中，并束缚着他的手脚。

这些生活细节，尤其是第三句使用的几个had to表明哈克-费恩觉得和道格拉斯寡妇住在一起非常糟糕，令他难以忍受，故[B]为答案。

[A]“寂寞的”、[C]“狂怒的”和[D]“兴奋的”在原文均未有所体现，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
4．What can be inferred from Huck Finn’s missing?
A．His missing drew great attention from the public.
B．Some people thought he had died in the river.
C．He was missing for three days.
D．It was Tom Sawyer who found him.
正确答案：B
解析：推断题。

原文最后一段第三句的第二个分句提到，他们到处搜寻，还到河里用拖网打捞他的尸体，由此可知，有些人以为哈克死在了河里，才会想到去河里打捞他的尸体，故[B]为答案。

第三句的第一个分句直接提及公众也非常关心哈克的失踪，无需推断，故排除[A]。

第二句提到寡妇找了哈克整整四十八个小时，然后在第四句指出汤姆在哈克失踪的第三天一大早就找到了他，由此可知，哈克是失踪了两天而不是三天，故排除[C]；第四句还提到汤姆非常聪明地去废弃的屠宰场后面的几个旧空桶里找人，然后在其中的一个空桶里找到了哈克，[D]在原文直接提及，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
(1) Youngsters have long crossed borders in search of an education. More than 2,000 years ago the Roman poet Horace went to Athens to join Plato’s Academy. Oxford University admitted its first known international student, Emo of Friesland, in 1190. Today more than 4. 5m students are enrolled in colleges and universities outside their own countries. Their fees subsidise local students. Their ideas broaden and enliven classroom debate. Most go home with happy memories and valuable contacts, making them more likely in later life to do business with the country where they studied. Those who stay on use what they have learned to make themselves and their hosts wealthier, by finding work as doctors, engineers or in some other skilled career.
(2) Immigration policy is hard: Europe is tying itself in knots over how many Syrian refugees to admit. But the question of whether to welcome foreign students ought to be much easier. They more than pay their way. They add to the host country’s collective brainpower. And they are easy to assimilate (同化). Indeed, for ageing rich countries seeking to import young workers to plug skills gaps and prop up wobbly pension systems, they are ideal. A foreign graduate from a local university is likely to be well-qualified, fluent in the local lingo (语言) and at ease with local customs. Countries should be vying to attract such people. (3) Places with the good fortune to speak English have a gigantic head start (领先优势). Australia is the leader: a quarter of its tertiary students come from abroad, a bigger share than in any other country. Education is now its biggest export, after natural resources. For a while the influx of brainy foreigners was slowed by an overvalued currency and the reputational damage from the collapse of some badly run private colleges. But recently the Australian dollar has weakened, degree mills (野鸡大学) have been shut down, visa rules have been relaxed—and foreign students have flooded back. Last year their numbers rose by 10% . (4) Canada, until recently an also-ran, now emulates Oz. In 2014 it set a goal of almost doubling the number of foreign students by 2022. It has streamlined visa applications and given international students the right to stay and work for up to three years after graduating. Those who want to make Canada their home have a good chance of being granted permanent residence. Its share of the market for footloose students is growing, and numbers have more than doubled in a decade. (5) America, by contrast, is horribly complacent. In absolute terms, it attracts the most foreign students, thanks to its size, its outstanding universities and the lure of Silicon Valley and other brainworking hotspots. But it punches far below its weight: only 5% of the students on its campuses are foreign. Its visa rules are needlessly strict and stress keeping out terrorists rather than wooing (招揽) talent. It is hard for students to work, either part-time while studying or for a year or two after graduation. The government wants to extend a scheme that allows those with science and technology qualifications to stay for up to 29 months after graduating. But unions oppose it, claiming that foreign students undercut their members’wages. One that represents high-tech workers in Washington state has filed a court challenge, seeking to have the scheme axed. The self-harming state (6) Britain is even more reckless. It, too, has the huge advantages of famous universities and the English language. But its government has pledged to reduce net immigration to 100,000
people a year, and to this end it is squeezing students. Applying for a student visa has grown slower and costlier. Working part-time to pay fees is harder. And foreign students no longer have the right to stay and work for two years after graduation. Britain’s universities are losing market share: their foreign enrolments are flat even as their main rivals’ are growing strongly. (7) Sajid Javid, Britain’s business secretary, says the aim is to “break the link”between studying and immigration. This is precisely the wrong approach. For a country that wants to recruit talented, productive immigrants, it is hard to think of a better sifting process than a university education. Welcoming foreign students is a policy that costs less than nothing in the short term and brings huge rewards in the long term. Hence the bafflement of James Dyson, a billionaire inventor, who summed up Britain’s policy thus: “Train’em up. Kick’em out. It’s a bit shortsighted, isn’t it?”
5．The following are reasons why Australia is becoming attractive again to foreign students EXCEPT______.
A．the funding for badly run colleges
B．the falling value of currency
C．the management of degree mills
D．the modified visa rules
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。

原文第三段第四句虽然提到一些经营不善的私立院校倒闭导致澳大利亚的名誉受损，曾一度减缓了外国人才的涌入，但并未指出对经营不善的院校进行资助就能让澳大利亚再度吸引外国学生，由此可知，[A]与原文不符，故为答案。

该段第五句提到最近随着澳元走软，野鸡大学的关闭和签证规定的放宽——外国学生已重新涌入，这表明澳大利亚再度吸引了外国学生是因为其货币贬值，对野鸡大学的管理以及放宽签证规定，[B]、[C]和[D]在原文均有提及，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
6．Which of the following countries intends to change its visa policy to retain talented overseas students?
A．Australia.
B．Canada.
C．America.
D．Britain.
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

原文第五段第六句提到，美国政府想要延长一项计划里的签证，允许有科技专业学历的外国学生毕业后留美时间最长为29个月，由此可知，美国打算改变签证政策来挽留有才华的留学生，故答案为[C]。

第三段第五句表明澳大利亚的签证规定已放宽，第四段第三句指出加拿大已简化签证申请，这两个国家都是已经对签证政策做出了改变，而不是打算修改，故排除[A]、[B]；原文只在第六段第四句提到申请英国的学生签证已变得越来越慢，并未提及英国是
否要修改其签证政策，故排除[D]。

知识模块：阅读
7．In order to reduce the number of foreign students, the British government has done all the following EXCEPT______.
A．slow down the process of a student visa application
B．raise me cost of applying for a student visa
C．launch a ban on working part-time while studying
D．deprive their rights to work in England after graduation
正确答案：C
解析：细节题。

原文第六段第三句提到，英国政府已承诺将每年的净移民人数削减至10万人，并为此目的压缩留学生人数，紧接着在第四句至第六句说明了英国政府的相关策略。

第五句提到兼职打工来赚取学费变得更加困难，这并不能表明英国政府禁止读书时兼职打工，由此可知，[C]与原文不符，故为答案。

该段第四句提到学生签证的审批速度已变得越来越慢，费用也越来越高，故排除[A]和[B]；第六句提到外国学生已不再享有毕业后留英工作两年的权利，[D]在原文直接提及，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
(1) Every leader I’ve ever met sees accountability (问责) as a foundational ingredient in a healthy and sustainable culture. The problem is, as is often the case with leadership and management ideas, we use the word without really understanding what it means. (2) Usually, we make the mistake of holding on to one or both of these hidden beliefs: We have a deeply held association between accountability and punishment—instead of considering it a tool to help people unlock their highest self. We have a deeply held assumption that accountability is a one-off event—rather than thinking it’s a long-term personal conversation between manager and employee.
(3)I suggest thinking of accountability as a dial with five steps. You start at the low end, and then turn up the dial if necessary. (4) It’s the first three steps—what we call the mention, the invitation, and the conversation—that most managers skip over, leading to employee disengagement and cultural stagnation. The last two steps, what we call the boundary and the limit, cover the ground of probation (试用期) and termination, albeit (虽然) in a far more humanistic and supportive frame. Fortunately, most managers have to use these more extreme steps only rarely; unfortunately, too many managers jump right to them, bypassing the first three steps and leaving employees blindsided by tough feedback. (5) The first three steps cover the essential skills of naming, framing, and unpacking performance issues in a way that quickly moves from surface-level events to meaningful and actionable personal growth themes: (6) The mention. The first step is naming small but problematic behaviors in an informal way in real time. By pulling an employee aside to put words to what you’re noticing, instead of waiting for a crisis, you start to build a relationship of mutual respect. You show that you genuinely care about their growth by acknowledging that they’re overwhelmed instead of pretending you don’t see and by helping them find their contribution to a conflict instead of letting it fester. (7) The invitation. We’re great at seeing patterns in other people’s behavior; it’s harder to see
those patterns in ourselves. The invitation is taking the time to help your employee connect the dots. For example, let’s say you saw typos (打字错误) in a team member’s client e-mail on Monday, they seemed disengaged in a team meeting on Wednesday, and then there was a miscommunication (错误传达) with a teammate on Thursday. Ask them what those events might have in common, or point to a deeper theme. (8) The conversation. This is the place to go deeper, by asking questions that guide people to the “aha!”moment, when they discover for themselves how changing this pattern at work would have positive impacts at home. It might sound something like this: “We’ve been talking about you taking on too many projects and the impact that’s having on the quality of the most important ones. I’m not asking for you to share what you come up with here, but one question that helps me is, ‘ Where does this pattern show up in my personal life, and what would be the benefit if I stopped?’“(9)The key to building the bridge between work performance and personal growth is to focus on impacts. How are people showing up in a way that is making life harder, more complicated, or more frustrating for the people around them? It’s your job to guide them to make those connections. It’s their job to do the work from there. (10) In short, be observant and address problems that you see. Follow up with your employee to let them know it’s important. Then walk it down with them —to the place where the line between personal and professional growth disappears. Not because you’ve gone over that line, but because you’re treating them as a whole person. (11) At work as in life, we all need the people who care about us to reflect us back to ourselves, to be centered enough in themselves to let us work through our initial defensiveness and excuses so that we can let them go and get back to the work of becoming a better version of ourselves. Accountability can help do that.
8．Accountability is regarded by the author as______.
A．a kind of punishment to be carried out
B．a means to help show employees’ highest self
C．an event that will happen only once
D．a public talk that will last for a long time
正确答案：B
解析：推断题。

原文第二段第一句提到，对问责的第一种错误看法：我们总是把问责和惩罚联系在一起——而不是把问责视为一种帮助人们展示最高自我的工具。

由此可知，作者认为对问责正确的看法是把它视为一种帮助人们展示最高自我的工具，故答案为[B]，同时排除[A]。

该段第二句指出对问责的第二种错误看法：我们总是假设问责是一种一次性的事件——而不是认为它是一种经理与雇员之间的长期个人对话，由此排除[C]；[D]“将持续很久的公开谈话”与原文不符，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
9．Which of the following statements belongs to the first three steps?
A．This is where you are right now.
B．This is where you say you want to be.
C．This is the little mistake you have made.
D．This is what it’s going to take to get there.
正确答案：C
解析：推断题。

原文第六段前两句提到，第一步“提及”是以非正式的方式及时列举微小但有问题的行为，由此可以推出，[C]“这是你犯的小错”属于第一步，故[C]为答案。

第七段第三句指出第二步“引导”就是花时间去帮助你的员工把各种小问题连接起来，第八段第二句提到第三步“交谈”是当他们自己发现在工作场所的这种模式变化会对家庭产生正面影响时，通过提出引导人们顿悟的问题来进行深入探索的时机，由此可知[A]”这是你此刻的位置”、[B]“这是你说你想待的地方”和[D]“这是要想达到这个目标所需要做的事情”均不属于这三步，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
10．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．The Three Core Steps of Accountability.
B．The Meaning of Accountability.
C．Managers’ View on Accountability.
D．The Importance of Accountability.
正确答案：A
解析：主旨题。

纵览全文，文章前两段通过介绍对问责的两种错误理解引出正确的观点，在随后的两段中，作者将问责分成了五步，并将前三步(提及、引导和交谈)和最后两步(边界和限制)分开讨论。

第五段至第十段具体介绍了前三步。

最后一段强调如何做好问责。

综合考虑，[A]“问责的核心三步”最接近全文主旨，故为答案。

[B]“问责的意义”、[C]“经理对问责的看法”和[D]“问责的重要性”在原文均有提及，但并非重点，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
SECTION BIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided.
PASSAGE ONEWhy did the girl play basketball over and over again?
11．What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
正确答案：The influences of Tom’s and Huck’s windfall on St．Petersburg．解析：作者在第一段第一句提到，汤姆和哈克的意外之财在圣彼得堡这个贫穷的小村庄里引起了巨大的轰动；第二句则指出这笔意外之财的金额庞大；第三句到最后一句都在谈论这件事对圣彼得堡村民造成的影响。

综合考虑，该段主要是在讲述“汤姆和哈克的意外之财对圣彼得堡造成的影响”，故答案为“The influences of Tom’s and Huck’s windfall on St．Petersburg．”。

知识模块：阅读
PASSAGE TWO
12．What do the cases of Horace and Emo in Para. 1 show?
正确答案：The long history of youngsters’studying abroad.
解析：作者在第一段中举了两个留学的例子，通常来讲，例子是用来支撑其所在位置前后的观点的。

作者在本段第一句中提到年轻人跨越国界求学由来已久，随后使用了这两个例证，一个是2 000多年前，罗马诗人贺拉斯就曾远赴雅典到柏拉图学院求学；另一个是哈佛大学于1190年录取了其著名的第一位留学生，来自荷兰弗里斯兰省的埃莫。

由此可见，作者举例说明的是年轻人出国留学的历史悠久，故答案为“The long history of youngsters’studying abroad．”。

知识模块：阅读
13．What does the author mean when he quotes James Dyson in Para. 7?
正确答案：The British government should welcome rather than expel foreign students．
解析：文章第七段中提到，英国商务大臣赛义德·贾维德表示，其目标是打破留学与移民之间的联系。

这恰恰是错误之举。

想要招揽有才华的、高生产力的移民，对于这样的国家而言，很难想到比大学教育更好的筛选过程。

欣然接受外国学生是短期内无须花费成本，却能带来长期巨大回报的政策。

由此可知，上一段提到的英国政府压缩留学生人数的做法是错误的，正确的做法应该是欣然接受外国学生。

随后文章引用了詹姆斯-戴森的话“培养成才。

驱之门外。

这有点目光短浅，不是吗?”，显然是为了支撑前文所提内容，即英国政府应该欣然接受外国学生而不是赶走他们，故答案为“The British government should welcome rather than expel foreign students．”。

知识模块：阅读
PASSAGE THREE
14．What is the result of omitting “the mention”, “the invitation”and “the conversation”?
正确答案：Employee disengagement and cultural stagnation．
解析：原文第四段第一句提到，大多数经理跳过的正是前三步——我们称之为提及、引导和交谈——这导致了员工的不敬业和文化的停滞，由此可知，省略了提及、引导和交谈这前三步，其后果是员工的不敬业和文化的停滞。

故答案为“Employee disengagement and cultural stagnation．”。

知识模块：阅读
15．What does “the dots” in Para. 7 refer to?
正确答案：Small but problematic behavior．
解析：原文第七段第三句提到，第二步是引导，就是花时间去帮助你的员工把the dots连接起来。

该段第四句先是列举了三种行为：周一你发现团队成员发给客户的邮件中有打字错误，周三他们在团队会议上看起来无所事事，周四又和一位队友产生交流上的误解。

然后在第五句说明如何连接这些行为。

第六段指出
第一步是提及，就是列举微小但有问题的行为，此处的the dots原意是“点”，结合第四句的例子可知，这里是指上文提到的微小但有问题的行为，故答案为“Small but problematic behavior．”。

知识模块：阅读。