高中英语知识讲解 话题语言应用--地震

话题语言应用--地震
语言积累
本单元交际用语总结
谈论过去经历（Talking about past experience）
1. It was terrible when ... 当……时候，情况真是糟糕。

2. It seemed as if... （那时）看起来似乎……
3. I remember... 我还记得……
4. I felt... 我当时感觉……
5. No longer after that... 在那之后不久……
6. Luckily ... 幸运的是……
表达感谢（Express thanks）
1. I would like to express my thanks to....
我想表达对……的感谢。

2. I wish to express my thanks for the great efforts...
我希望对……付出的巨大努力表示感谢。

3. I’d also like to thank... 我还想感谢……
4. No words are strong enough to express my thanks to....
对……的感谢我无以言表。

【高清课堂：unit4语言应用】，
话题词句1
I. How much do you know about our earth?
1. The earth is 4.6 billion years old. 地球存在四十六亿年了。

2. The earth is the fourth largest planet. 地球是第四大行星。

3. Two thirds of the Ear th’s surface is covered by the sea. 地球表面的三分之二被水覆盖。

4. 6% of the water on the Earth is fresh water; slightly over two thirds of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps(极地冰冠).
地球上6%的水是淡水，其中稍微多于三分之二的淡水以冰川或极地冰冠的形式存在。

5. Half of the land on the Earth’s surface is covered by forest.
地球表面的一半陆地被森林覆盖。

6. Indonesian tsunami triggered by the earthquake happened in 2005.
地震引发的印尼海啸发生在2005年。

7. In March 2011, Japan experienced the toughest and most difficult crisis since the end of World War II because of the occurrence of the 8.9 magnitude earthquake, 30-foot tsunami and the resulted nuclear accidents. 在2011年3月，日本经历了二战以来最最严重最艰难的危机，因为发生了8.9级地震，引发了30英尺高的海啸以及由此产生的核泄漏事故。

II.有关自然灾害方面的词汇（Natural disasters ）：
1. earthquake，drought（干旱）, flood, forest fire, hurricane（飓风）, landslide（山崩）, tsunami, typhoon（台风）, volcanic eruption（火山爆发）, tornado（龙卷风）, blizzard（暴风雪）, avalanche [ævəlæntʃ]（雪崩）, thunderstorm（雷暴）, wildfire（野火）, hailstor m（雹暴）◆
2. 描写地震的形容词（Some adjectives to describe an earthquake）
terrible 可怕的violent 猛烈的，狂暴的sudden 突然的scared 恐怖的，惊恐的destructive 毁灭性的horrible 可怕的，令人震惊的
3. 地震时如何保护自己（How to protect ourselves in the earthquake）
Surviving an earthquake depend s largely upon knowing what to do before, during and after the shaking. 在地震中生存主要依赖于知道震前、震中、震后怎样做。

1）If indoors, get away from windows, fireplaces or objects that can fall on you. Move quickly to one of the safe areas in your house. Do not try to exit (离开) the building. If you are cooking, don’t forget to turn off the stove.
2) When you’re in a safe spot, drop to your knees and cover your head and neck with your arms
or a pillow.
3) If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs (发生), simply roll (滚) off the bed.
A safe void (空间) will exist around the bed.
4）Try to stay away from kitchens and garages, where there are often many objects that might fall.
5）Stay in a small room, like a bathroom.
6）If you haven’t time to escape, you may stand close to the inside wall.
7）Don’t stay on the balcony (阳台).
8）Don’t jump out of the tall building.
9）Do not use elevators/ lifts.
10）Try to get into an open area away from trees, buildings, walls, signs and power lines if outdoors.
4. 有关灾难自助准备的对话
（2016 福建师大附中模拟）
W: Hi, Tim. Are you doing some last-minute shopping for the weekend?
M: H i, Shelley. Actually, I’m looking for supplies to create an emergency kit(急救箱) for everyone in my family.
W: What’s an emergency kit?
M: It has supplies that you need in case of a disaster, like an earthquake.
W: We haven’t had an earthquake in years!
M: Well, you never know! There could also be a flood, or a hurricane...
W: Yeah, or a house fire! It seems like you’re very prepared! Wow, I never thought about making an emergency kit.
M: It’s almost like preparing to go camping. It’s a really good thing t o have. Most people think about it after it’s already too late.
话题语句2
Pandas in the quake zone
(2015 广东广雅中学模拟) It’s been seven days since a 7. 0-magnitude (级) strong earthquake hit Ya’an, in Sichuan Province. How has the earthquake affected one of Sichuan Province’s special residents (居民) —pandas? How are the animals coping? And do they have enough food to eat?
There are more than80 pandas living here at the Chengdu Panda Breeding Base. 7 baby pandas have just left their mothers and have begun to learn how to fend (谋生) for themselves.
The quake was felt strongly in Chengdu. Fortunately, all of the pandas here were out on the grounds when the earthquake hit, so they were very safe. Although no deaths or injuries have been reported among the Baoxing panda population so far, they’ve been badly frightened by the earthquake. Several days has passed and the earthquake seems to have made no discernible (可辨别的) negative impact (消极影响) on the pandas.
The quake zone (地带) is not only the home of these pandas, it’s also the source of their food. Fortunately, enough bamboo has been stored away in five bamboo storehouses for the pandas, so there are no worries with regard to (关于) food supplies.
拓展阅读
Major Earthquakes in the Last 100 Y ears
Let’s have a look at 5 of the major earthquakes in the last 100 years in terms of（就……而言）destruction (破坏) and loss of human life.
The Great Tangshan Earthquake
This earthquake occurred in Tangshan, China, in 1976, and had a magnitude(震级) of 8. It lasted for around 25 seconds, but three reasons contributed to（导致）the huge loss of human life. One, obviously the magnitude (级数) was very high. Second, this was not an earthquake-prone (抗震) area, as a result of which, buildings and houses were not built accordingly. And lastly, this disaster struck at around 4 in the morning, when everyone was asleep inside their homes. Around 275,000 perished (丧生) in this disaster, and another 150,000 were injured.
The Indian Ocean Earthquake
This 2004 earthquake was an undersea quake, with the epicenter （震中）off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. It had a magnitude of 9.2, the second largest ever recorded. It also was the longest earthquake ever recorded, with a duration（持续）of nearly 10 minutes. It set off (引起) the worst tsunami ever known to man, striking with waves up to 30 meters in numerous Asian countries like Thailand, Indonesia, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka, to name a few (举几个来说). Indonesia was the worst affected. This earthquake was so powerful, that it caused the whole Earth to vibrate (振动) by 1 cm, and it triggered (引发) earthquakes even as far off as Alaska. The result of this devastating earthquake and tsunami was a loss of nearly 270,000 lives.
The Haiti Earthquake
The images of destruction that this earthquake caused will still be fresh in our minds. This natural calamity（灾祸）, with a magnitude of around 7, struck the Caribbean country of Haiti in January 2010. Its location and the fact that constructed structures were of very poor quality, led
to the huge loss of life. There were like 50 aftershocks（余震）in the month of January itself, after the actual earthquake. It is believed that at least 250,000 people died in this natural disaster, 300,000 were injured, and around a million people became homeless. International aid still pours into Haiti, and reconstruction work is still ongoing here, as we speak.
The Habitual Earthquake
This was a massive of just under 8, that struck in December 1920 in the Habitual County of China. It is also known as the Gansu Earthquake, because in 1920, Ningxia, where it actually occurred, was a part of the Gansu Province. The earthquake affected around 150 miles of area, and there were a large number of ground openings and landslides, which further affected the injury and death toll. Around 240,000 people lost their lives, while thousands of others were injured or missing.
The Great Kanto Earthquake
In 1923, the island of Honshu in Japan was struck by an earthquake that was of a magnitude of 8.3, and it lasted for more than 5 minutes. The earthquake was so powerful that it managed to destroy parts of Tokyo, Yokohama（横滨）, Chiba（千叶）, Kanagawa（神奈川）, and Shizuoka （静冈）. Though it is not the most powerful earthquake to hit Japan, but in terms of damage and loss of life, it is considered the biggest ever to strike Japan. Large areas were simply buried underground, major fires broke out, and there were numerous landslides. Destruction was widespread and it led to the loss of around 140,000 lives.
The Great Chilean Earthquake is of course the largest earthquake ever recorded, and there have been so many more devastating（毁灭性的）ones around the world, but what mankind can do is to try to construct earthquake-resistant structures, and have trained relief and rescue teams on standby, to minimize the destruction and loss of lives as a result of this deadly occurrence.
写作运用
新闻报道（Recount: newspaper article）
新闻报道，就是对一个重要人物、地点、事物或事件进行描述和分析，是对最近发生的事情的报道。

写作指导：
新闻报道一般分为四个部分：标题、导语、主体、结语
1. 标题是新闻的题目，是最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。

英语新闻标题注重结构的精炼性，常用一般现在时，从形式上增强报道的新鲜感、现实感和直接感。

2. 导语一般位于报道的开头，作用是吸引读者的注意力，因此要求导语能高度概括文章内容，让读者一看就能了解整篇报道最吸引人的内容。

3. 主体是新闻报道的主要部分，它用充分的事实呈现新闻的内容，是对导语内容的补充和阐释。

4. 结语一般是最后一句或一段话，通常对全文内容做概括性的总结，对新闻事件的发展趋势做出预测或者提出令人深思的问题。

注意：新闻写作的事实要真实，材料要充分，用事实说话，语言简洁鲜明。

新闻报道的五要素：what; when; where; who; why
例如如下新闻：
标题：Elephants sink a boat in India
导语：A boat carrying 74 tourists capsized (倾覆) on a reservoir (水库) in southern India on Wednesday, killing at least 31 people and leaving dozens missing. 主体：The boat was traveling in the remote (遥远的) forest area in Kerala (喀拉拉邦，印度西南部) state and capsized after the tourists rushed to one side as they spotted some elephants in a wildlife sanctuary (禁猎区). Rescuers have fished out 31 bodies from the reservoir and were looking for 23 other missing tourists.
The site of the accident is nearly 1,300 miles (2,100kms) south of New Delhi. Kerala is a popular tourist destination (目的地) for both Indians and foreigners with luxury resorts on the sparkling backwaters. 结语：Boat accidents are mon in the south of India, where many vessels are unsafe and overloaded.
写作范例
假如你是李华，国庆节期间目睹了一起交通事故。

请根据以下信息，给学校广播站写一篇新闻报道。

时间：10月1日早晨9：30
地点：中山路十字路口向右转弯处
事故：一辆小汽车与一辆飞驰而过的摩托车相碰
结果：摩托车上三人摔倒在地，两人受重伤、一人不省人事，小车玻璃破碎，司机头部流血
措施：与路人营救伤者，送到最近的医院，警察赶到，处理事故
倡议：时刻遵守交通规则，提高安全意识，争做好市民
【写作要求】只能用5个句子表达全部内容。

参考范文：
At 9:30, on the morning of October 1, National Day, a traffic accident happened at the turning corner of the crossing of Zhongshan Road. When a car hit a speeding motorcycle, not only did three people on the motorcycle fall to the ground, with two seriously injured and one unconscious, but also the driver was badly hurt with his head bleeding, because his car glass was broken into pieces. As passers-by and I witnessed the accident, we rushed to the spot, rescued the wounded, and finally took them to the nearest hospital. Almost meanwhile, the police arrived
in time to handle the accident. So, we must realize the importance of improving the awareness of safety. /So it is high time that we should obey the traffic rules all the time so as to be good citizens.
单元话题作文
Example 1
假设你是李华，学校组织地震逃生训练，下面是宣传图片，请你根据图片内容写一篇关于地震逃生的英语短文。

参考范文
Earthquakes threaten people if they have not made any preparations, and it can be very dangerous. So we should learn how to deal with earthquakes at school in case they happen to us.
When an earthquake happens, first of all, we should keep calm to save our lives. Keeping calm can help us to find the right place to hide. If we are in the classrooms, we should quickly hide underneath our desks or cover our heads with schoolbags or other things until the shaking stops. When the earthquake stops, we should leave the dangerous area as soon as possible. Don't panic; just follow the teacher's instruction. Keeping in good order makes it easier for us to leave quickly and avoid crowding together, which can make it more difficult to leave. Remember to keep away from tall buildings. Finally, we should not be frightened and learn to save ourselves.
Example 2
4月25日，尼泊尔(Nepal)发生强烈地震，波及到我国西藏(Tibet)部分地区，造成重大损失，许多学校倒塌，学生失学。

现在，你需要代表学校，写一个发言稿，召全校师生捐款。

内容要点如下：
1. 地震及造成损失情况介绍；
2.召全校师生捐款；各班捐款交校长室；周五结束；
3.捐款的用途（修建一所能容纳200人的小学校）。

参考范文
Dear teachers and fellow students,
As we all know, a terrible earthquake hit Nepal on April 25, which also caused great damage
in Tibet. A lot of houses, including many schools, were destroyed. As a result, many people became homeless and the students could not go to school to get education. Now, on behalf of the school, I call on all the teachers and students to donate money to help build a school which can hold 200 students. The money from each class will be collected in the headmaster’s office, and the donation will be concluded by Friday. I believe with your generous aid, the students in the earthquake-stricken area will go back to school earlier，and I am sure that the earthquake victims will appreciate your selfless help. (121)
That’s all. Thank you.。