第三部分 第二步 第一讲

第三部分第二步第一讲
第二步通览全局，写作分类突破
第一讲如何写概要
一、题型特点
读写任务型作文的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容一为概括短文大意，以及写作内容二，就某个主题发表看法。

“读写任务”是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景；同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。

二、写作技巧
1.写作步骤
摘要通常要求写30词左右，一般由“主题句＋支撑句”构成。

写作时可按以下步骤进行。

(1)寻找关键词。

文章的关键词可结合写作内容中的“就……”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。

如，要求你“以约120词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历”，那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是homesick。

(2)确定主题句。

文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定，阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。

没有标题的文章，我们就应注意第一段(总起段)和最后一段(总结段)，或每一段的第一句或第二句(总起句)和最后一句(总结句)。

没有主题句的需要自己根据段落大意进行总结。

(3)重构主题句。

主题句要能概括全文中心，并能涵盖后面支撑句的所有内容。

(4)重组支撑句。

支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，对主题句进行补充或者提供证据。

2.概括的形式：“主题句＋支撑句”即“主题＋主题的什么”
文体主题句支撑句
议论文文章论点文章论据
记叙文故事的写作目的/主题故事大意
说明文说明的对象/观点/现象解释/分述
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

[参考范文1]
Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not.
[参考范文2]
With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against.”
能力提升练1
阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。

(2019·江苏张家港市模拟)John was traveling by ship to Europe when a terrible storm came. A great leak was filling the ship with water. No matter how hard the sailors and passengers worked at the pumps, the water was still rising. The ship was sinking fast. There seemed to be no hope. But the captain told them not to give up hope. He said that there was hope so long as the ship remained above water. He promised that if they didn’t give up hope, he would land them safely. The captain’s powerful will moved them all. In the end he did land them safely. After they landed, John found the captain to show his appreciation. But to his surprise, the captain said to him that he was the boy of 30 years ago who bought a geography book in his bookstore.John suddenly thought of the boy.At that time the boy didn’t have enough money, but he had gone from shop to shop and believed he could get what he wanted. Finally, he made it. Now, it was the same willpower of him that saved the lives of all the passengers.
[参考范文]
In the story, a captain always insisted on doing something, even when he was a little boy. In one voyage, it was just his willpower that made him save all the passengers’ lives.
能力提升练2
阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。

(2019·江苏盐城阜宁一中学情调研)Students in China spend a lot of time learning English. But most of them cannot use it to communicate. Some experts think the reason lies in the testing system, because the current English testing system in China puts too much pressure on students to get high marks and pay no attention to the development of their overall(全面的) language abilities. Considering this, recently many experts are calling for reforms(改革) of the English language testing system to make it more effectively to develop actual language abilities. They say changes are necessary for the development of the national English education system.
[参考范文]
Recently, the topic of whether English test system should be changed has caused a heated discussion. Many people think the current testing system prevents students from developing overall language abilities and therefore argue for a reform.
能力提升练3
阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。

(2019·江苏盐城市高三联考)Chen Yifan, the student from a local senior high school, hit a BMW car parking along the street when he was passing by on a bicycle on February 4, leaving the rearview mirror broken and several scratches over the body of the car.
Chen left a letter of apology to the car owner, together with an envelope of 311 yuan he had earned from part-time jobs during the winter holiday. He put them at the inside of a door handle.
The car owner surnamed Xue found the letter and cash the next day and got so touched by Chen’s honesty. With the help of l ocal police Xue located the student on February 10 in the hope of returning the money. He told the police that he also wants to fund Chen’s education if the family cannot afford it.
On February 11, Chen’s mother, after knowing what her son had done,
voluntarily contacted Xue trying to compensate for the repair of 13，000 yuan. But Xue turned her down firmly.
The next day, Xue’s daughter visited Chen’s family with a grant of 10，000 yuan for his education.
[参考范文]
Chen Yifan and his mom decided to pay all they could afford for compensation after Chen accidentally bumped into a parked BMW. Moved by his deed, the car owner declined and offered to sponsor Chen’s education.。