英语语言学翻译
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On the linguistic aspects of translation
• Which areas of translation does this video clip suggest? • According to what you read by Mona Baker, is it easy to become a translator? What does it take to be a translator? Do you still look down upon those students or teachers majoring in translation studies?
Nida's Translation Theory
Equivalence Theory
• ―equivalence‖ can not be understood in its mathematical meaning of identity, but in terms of proximity, i.e. on the basis of degrees of closeness to functional identity―
You think you are a linguist?
• Let me have your heart and I will give you love The denotation of my soul is the above If there‘s anything I lack, it‘s you as my double brackets You make me mean things I can‘t say enough. • Consider me your anaphor, I‘m bound to you There‘s no one else that I could be referring to Your features all attract me We‘re such a perfect match, please Agree with me I need to be with you. • Well I don‘t know how to say exactly how I feel about you ‗Cos it seems my Broca‘s area stops working right around you Forgive me my disfluency – There‘s nothing I can do, you see, You speak to me, linguistically I‘m yours.
•
•
•
Now I know you tend to isolate, and that‘s all right Like free morphemes you and I could lead our separate lives But if we were to agglutinate Together we would do so great and I‘d hate to miss the words we could derive. Well I don‘t know how to say exactly how I feel about you ‗Cos it seems my Broca‘s area stops working right around you Forgive me my disfluency – There‘s nothing I can do, you see, You speak to me, and linguistically I‘m yours So please don‘t be my allophone and disappear really awkwardly whenever I start getting near Let‘s be a minimal pair ‗Cos I‘m totally cool with us both being there My environment is better when you‘re here My environment is better when you‘re here Yeah, my environment is better when you‘re here.
• As a young discipline, it needs to draw on the findings and theories of other related disciplines in order to develop and formalize its own methods; but which disciplines it can naturally and fruitfully be related to is still a matter of some controversy.
•
Example:
• to teach one‘s grandmother to suck eggs; to teach fish to swim • 教祖母吸吃鸡蛋；教鱼游泳 （direct formal equivalence） • 班门弄斧；关公面前舞大刀 （functional equivalence）
• First put forward in1964．
• Emphasis: the functional equivalence of information instead of the direct formal equivalence in translation • The relationship between the target language receptor and the target text should generally be equivalent to that between the source language receptor and the source text
Roman Jakobson (1959) On linguistic Aspects of Translation
• We distinguish three ways of interpreting a verbal sign: it may be translated into other signs of the same language, into another language, or into another, nonverbal system of symbols. These three kinds of translation are to be differently labeled:
注重形式对等的主导原则
形式对等—Formal Equivalence
“以原文为中心，尽可能的显示出原文信息的 形式和内容。”
｛
1.语法单位
｛
a.词性对等 b.保留词组和句子完整性 c.保留所有形式指标
2.词语用法的连贯性（术语） 3.原文文本的意义（习语）
Conceptions of Functional Equivalence
Formal equivalence
• F-E focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content. Such translations then would be concerned with such correspondences as poetry to poetry, sentence to sentence, and concept to concept
Functional equivalence
• Maximal equivalence:最高层次的对等 The readers of a translated text should be able to understand and appreciate it essentially the same as the original readers did. • Minimal equivalence:最低层次对等 The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of the text must have understood and appreciatenslation studies is the new academic discipline related to the study of the theory and phenomena of translation. By its nature it is multilingual and also interdisciplinary, encompassing languages, linguistics, communication studies, philosophy and a range of types of cultural studies.
Jakobson‘s (1959) categories of translation
• 1. intralingual translation, or ‗rewording‘: ‗an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language‘; • 2. interlingual translation, or ‗translation proper‘: ‗an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language‘; • 3. intersemiotic translation, or ‗transmutation‘: ‗an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems‘).
原文 译文 分析 重组
转换
• 分析是指对原文的分析, 即细致地处理词和词 组的指称意义和内涵意义、研究语法句法和语 篇结构。
Nida's Translation Procedure
• •
•
(1)to reduce the source text to its structurally simplest and most semantically evident kernels; (2) to transfer the meaning from the source to the receptor language on a structural simple level; (3)to generate the stylistically and semantically equivalent expression in the receptor language. (Nida 1964:68).
The concept of translation
• the general subject field; • the product: the text that has been translated • the process: the act of producing the translation, or translating
• Which areas of translation does this video clip suggest? • According to what you read by Mona Baker, is it easy to become a translator? What does it take to be a translator? Do you still look down upon those students or teachers majoring in translation studies?
Nida's Translation Theory
Equivalence Theory
• ―equivalence‖ can not be understood in its mathematical meaning of identity, but in terms of proximity, i.e. on the basis of degrees of closeness to functional identity―
You think you are a linguist?
• Let me have your heart and I will give you love The denotation of my soul is the above If there‘s anything I lack, it‘s you as my double brackets You make me mean things I can‘t say enough. • Consider me your anaphor, I‘m bound to you There‘s no one else that I could be referring to Your features all attract me We‘re such a perfect match, please Agree with me I need to be with you. • Well I don‘t know how to say exactly how I feel about you ‗Cos it seems my Broca‘s area stops working right around you Forgive me my disfluency – There‘s nothing I can do, you see, You speak to me, linguistically I‘m yours.
•
•
•
Now I know you tend to isolate, and that‘s all right Like free morphemes you and I could lead our separate lives But if we were to agglutinate Together we would do so great and I‘d hate to miss the words we could derive. Well I don‘t know how to say exactly how I feel about you ‗Cos it seems my Broca‘s area stops working right around you Forgive me my disfluency – There‘s nothing I can do, you see, You speak to me, and linguistically I‘m yours So please don‘t be my allophone and disappear really awkwardly whenever I start getting near Let‘s be a minimal pair ‗Cos I‘m totally cool with us both being there My environment is better when you‘re here My environment is better when you‘re here Yeah, my environment is better when you‘re here.
• As a young discipline, it needs to draw on the findings and theories of other related disciplines in order to develop and formalize its own methods; but which disciplines it can naturally and fruitfully be related to is still a matter of some controversy.
•
Example:
• to teach one‘s grandmother to suck eggs; to teach fish to swim • 教祖母吸吃鸡蛋；教鱼游泳 （direct formal equivalence） • 班门弄斧；关公面前舞大刀 （functional equivalence）
• First put forward in1964．
• Emphasis: the functional equivalence of information instead of the direct formal equivalence in translation • The relationship between the target language receptor and the target text should generally be equivalent to that between the source language receptor and the source text
Roman Jakobson (1959) On linguistic Aspects of Translation
• We distinguish three ways of interpreting a verbal sign: it may be translated into other signs of the same language, into another language, or into another, nonverbal system of symbols. These three kinds of translation are to be differently labeled:
注重形式对等的主导原则
形式对等—Formal Equivalence
“以原文为中心，尽可能的显示出原文信息的 形式和内容。”
｛
1.语法单位
｛
a.词性对等 b.保留词组和句子完整性 c.保留所有形式指标
2.词语用法的连贯性（术语） 3.原文文本的意义（习语）
Conceptions of Functional Equivalence
Formal equivalence
• F-E focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content. Such translations then would be concerned with such correspondences as poetry to poetry, sentence to sentence, and concept to concept
Functional equivalence
• Maximal equivalence:最高层次的对等 The readers of a translated text should be able to understand and appreciate it essentially the same as the original readers did. • Minimal equivalence:最低层次对等 The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of the text must have understood and appreciatenslation studies is the new academic discipline related to the study of the theory and phenomena of translation. By its nature it is multilingual and also interdisciplinary, encompassing languages, linguistics, communication studies, philosophy and a range of types of cultural studies.
Jakobson‘s (1959) categories of translation
• 1. intralingual translation, or ‗rewording‘: ‗an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language‘; • 2. interlingual translation, or ‗translation proper‘: ‗an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language‘; • 3. intersemiotic translation, or ‗transmutation‘: ‗an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems‘).
原文 译文 分析 重组
转换
• 分析是指对原文的分析, 即细致地处理词和词 组的指称意义和内涵意义、研究语法句法和语 篇结构。
Nida's Translation Procedure
• •
•
(1)to reduce the source text to its structurally simplest and most semantically evident kernels; (2) to transfer the meaning from the source to the receptor language on a structural simple level; (3)to generate the stylistically and semantically equivalent expression in the receptor language. (Nida 1964:68).
The concept of translation
• the general subject field; • the product: the text that has been translated • the process: the act of producing the translation, or translating