江苏宿迁市2021年中考英语题型专项复习训练：还原短文(08) 文化与习俗+环境与健康

还原短文(八)文化与习俗+环境与健康
A
There is something different in this week's blog. Let' s look at some birthday customs around the world.
Harry Baker, Perth, Australia
It's my birthday next Wednesday. I'm going to be 10 years old. 1.in my country. My mom's going to make me a huge plate of fairy bread. It's a snack. We make it with bread, butter, and colorful sugar called “Hundreds and thousands”.
Jim Dixon, Montego Bay, Jamaica
I love birthdays! They are a lot of fun. Here in Jamaica, we have an old custom. 2.Guess what we do? We throw flour(面粉) at our friends! It's my best friend's birthday tomorrow. 3.I'm going to buy a lot of flour to throw at him.
Victoria Smith, London, UK
My grandmother is going to be 100 years old in June. She's very excited because she's going to get a special letter from the Queen. The Queen sends a letter to every person who reaches 100. 4.
Jiang Li, Beijing, China
In my country, we celebrate birthdays with a special type of the food. Noodles are a sign of long life for us. This year, I'm going to make some “long life noodles” for all my friends. 5.and have a great evening!
G.We always like to eat them.
B
We have found plastic in the ocean and in animals like birds, fish and whales. But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop(大便), USA Today reported. The findings came from a study led by scientists from Environment Agency Austria. 1.The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a stool sample(大便样本) for testing.
2.About 20 small plastic particles(颗粒) were found in every 10 grams(克) of stool. “The smallest plastic particles can enter the blood, the lymphatic system, and may even reach the liver(肝脏),” said Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research.
3.They're not sure how the plastic got in the volunteers' bodies, either. But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles and also ate seafood that could include plastic from ocean pollution.
In fact, plastic is everywhere around us. Every year, lots of plastic waste goes into the ocean. 4.Most of the particles stay in the ocean. Others can spread into the soil. and air. Could plastic in the air fall onto food and get into the human body?
Some past studies may also give us a clue. 5.And even some drinking water has been found to have tiny plastic particles in it.
A.There, sunlight and waves(海浪) break the plastic waste down to very small pieces.
B.The scientists are sure that the plastic must be harmful to humans.
C.According to USA Today, 90% of sea salt which is sold in the world includes plastic.
D.The scientists followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world.
E.However, the scientists aren't sure if the plastic is harmful to humans.
F.Scientists found nine different kinds of plastic in the stool samples, according to the study.
G.The scientists suggest that people shouldn't throw rubbish into seas.
【参考答案】
A[主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文。

文中主要介绍了世界各地一些国家的人们过生日的风俗习惯。

在澳大利亚的妈妈会为过生日的孩子做一种带有蜜饯的甜点;在牙买加有一种古老的风俗习惯, 人们会向过生日的人撒面粉;在英国过100岁生日人会收到来自女王的信;在中国过生日时会吃长寿面。

1.F由下文所述妈妈将给我做一大盘仙女面包,可知本空白处应是意为“在我们生日时我们总是吃仙女面包”。

2.D由下文所述他们对过生日的朋友所做一件事情的举例,可推测他们的风俗是在朋友生日时让其吃惊,故选D。

3.A由下文作者将去买面粉,可推测空白处应意为“我将很快就去超市”,故选A。

4.C由上文中“She’s very excited because she’s going to get a special letter from the Queen.”一句,可知其祖母对此事很是兴奋, 因此可知这一习俗会令过生日的人很开心,故选C。

5.E由上文所述作者将为其朋友们做一些长寿面,可推测他们将在一起共享,故选E。

B[主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文, 通过研究发现, 在人类大便中存在塑料颗粒, 伤害了人类的身体健康。

1.D根据下文“The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a stool sample for testing.”可知, 志愿者们写下他们一个星期内吃了什么, 然后提供粪便样本进行测试。

从而可推知与志愿者有关的内容,故选D。

2.F根据下文“About 20 small plastic particles were found in every 10 grams of stool.”可知,此处介绍的是:科学家们在粪便样本中发现了不同的塑料。

故选F。

3.E根据下文“They’re not sure how the plastic got in the volunteers’ bodies, either.”一句, 特别是句中的either一词可知, 前面也要用否定结构, 即“科学家们并不确定这种塑料是否对人类有害”。

故选E。

4.A根据上文“Every year, lots of plastic waste goes into the ocean.”和下文“Most of the particles stay in the ocean.”可知, 在这里, 阳光和海浪把塑料垃圾分解成很小的碎片。

故选A。

5.C根据“And even some drinking water has been found to have tiny plastic particles in it.”可知, 据《今日美国》报道, 世界上销售的90%的海盐都含有塑料。

故选C。