最新中考双峰曾国藩学校暑假第一轮复习

中考双峰曾国藩学校暑假第一轮复习
之冠词与介词
冠词
一、概念
1.冠词是一种虚词，不能单独担当句子成分
e.g. The sun rose red. 旭日升。

冠词+太阳组成这个句子的主语
2.主要放在名词前，不能离开名词单独存在
e.g. You’d better take the as soon as possible.
A. medicine
B. medical
C. 不填
3.在句中对名词起限制作用
e.g. Open the door, please! 请开门！（特指开说话者指定的门）
二、分类
1.不定冠词：a an 表泛指，即首次提到的或不限定的人或事物。

也可表示数量“一”。

后面接可数名词单数。

元音音素前用an,辅音音素前用a。

e.g. ① I’m an English teacher. 我是一名英语老师。

表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。

② A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机械。

用在可数名词单数前，表示某一类人或事物，以区别于其他种类。

③ There is a plane flying in the sky. 有一架飞机在天上飞。

表示某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人何物。

④ There is a plane flying in the sky. The plane is really fast. 有一架飞机在天上飞。

这架飞机真的飞得很快。

EX: 以下那些句子应填入不定冠词
There is dog lying on the ground.
There is man swimming in the river. He must be Jack!
young man is waiting for you.
He came to Beijing in autumn of 2008.
⑤ I have failed twice, but I will try a third time. 我失败两次了，但是我将再尝试一次。

用于序数词前表示“再一、又一”的意思
2.定冠词：the 表特指，即上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限定的人或事，
也可以是指说话双方都默认的人或事等用法。

定冠词的用法口诀：
一独：指世界上独一无二的事物前。

e.g. The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转
二双：指说话双方都知道的。

e.g. Open the door, please! 请开门！
三方：表示方位的名词前用the.
e.g. It’s wet in the south. 在南方气候很潮湿。

四级：形容词最高级前要用the.
e.g. She is the tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班最高的女孩。

五乐：西洋乐器名词前要加the.
e.g. Lily is good at playing the piano. 莉莉擅长弹钢琴。

六姓：在某些姓氏前用定冠词the，表示某某一家。

e.g. Please give my best regards to the Browns, will you?
请帮我给布朗一家带去我最真挚的敬意，好吗？
七形：在某些形容词前加the，表示某一类人或某一类事物。

e.g. The new always take the place of the old. 新人总会取代旧人。

比如：the rich富人the poor穷人
八山：在山脉、江河、湖海、群岛前加the
e.g. We climbed the Mount Tai last year. 去年我们去爬了泰山。

九党：在党派、机构、报纸名称、某些国名前用the.
e.g. The People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
十序：序数词前要加the.
e.g. My room is on the second floor. 我的房间在第二层。

三、零冠词
口诀：下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限。

专有名词不可数，学科球类和三餐。

复数名词表泛指，星期月份季节前。

颜色语种和国名，称呼习语和头衔。

（交通工具、球类、三餐、学科、名词前有形容词性无主代词或名词所有格、称呼、公共假日、季节、表示泛指意义的可数名词复数或不可数名词等）
e.g. by bike play football have lunch English my bike Jack New Year’s Day in autumn Animals can’t live without water.
介词
一、表示时间的介词：
①at后跟具体的时刻或地点如：at 2:00、at home
②in后跟年份月份、月份、季节或泛指某天早中晚。

如：in May、in summer、
in the morning
③on后跟某日、星期几或具体某天的上、下、晚。

如：on Monday
④for+一段时间。

如：for a day
since+时间点
⑤at, on的区别：节假日中含有Day的用on, 表示节日当天
节假日中不含有Day的用at，表示在节日期间。

⑥in+一段时间：表示从现在算起的将来的一段时间
after+语段时间：表示从过去的时间点算起的一段时间之后。

⑦时间表达
a、整点+o’clock 几点整
b、分钟+past+时钟几点过几分
c、分钟+to+时钟几点差几分
d、先时钟，后分钟几时几分
⑧年月日的表达
先月，后日，再年 e.g. on March the eighth, nineteen ninety-four 1994年3月8日二、表示地点方位的介词：
①in 表示在某一地区之内的某一方位（属于该范围）。

Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

②on表示与某地的毗邻关系。

Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 湖北在湖南的北方。

③to 表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）。

China is to the west of Japan. 中国位于日本的西部。

④in, at的区别：in接大地点，at接小地点
⑤on, over, above的区别：
on表示垂直上方，与物体表面有接触，“在。

之上”
over表示垂直上方，与物体表面无接触，还有“越过，跨过，超越”之意。

反义词为under.
above“在。

上方”但不一定是垂直上方，表面无接触，反义词为below.
⑥through, across, cross, over的区别：
through 指从空间内“穿过，通过”，如：through the rain
across 指从物体表面穿过，如：across the street
cross 是动词
over指从上方“越过；从一边到另一边”，如：over the river.
⑦between, among的区别：
between一般指两者之间
among一般指三者或三者以上之间
⑧on the tree表示树上长出来的；in the tree表示临时停在树上的
on the wall表示东西粘帖在墙上；in the wall表示门、窗等嵌在墙上。

EX:
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
Scrub, the pet cat of Jennifer's, was found! It got lost five years ago. Jennifer looked for it everywhere but failed each time. She thought Scrub would never come back. But one day she got a call from an animal shelter(庇护所) and was told they had found Scrub!
How did they know Scrub belonged to Jennifer? How did they know Jennifer's phone number? All the information was available because of the microchip, a very small computer chip(薄片). It was placed under Scrub's skin many years earlier.
The microchip is usually placed under the skin of an animal's shoulder to keep its ID number. Once the chip is in place, the pet does not feel it anymore. When lost pets are brought to animal shelters, people there use a special tool to look for the microchip and read the ID number on it, then they'll call the microchip company to match the number to the information of the pet's owner. This is how the shelter was able to tell Jennifer that they had found Scrub.
Microchips have helped thousands of owners get their lost pets back. In New York, a dog named Roxy was missing for months. Then a woman found her on a busy street in New Jersey. No one knows how the dog got to a different state. However, thanks to her microchip, Roxy was soon returned to her grateful owner.
In 2008, a couple got their cat George back after he had disappeared 13 years earlier! When George got lost, the couple tried everything to find him. They visited animal shelters every day for six months, made posters and even offered a $500 reward(酬金). As years went by, they thought George would never be back till they got the call from an animal shelter. Without the microchip, the cat would never be able to come home again.
Microchips can not only work for a pet's whole life but help lost pets no matter how far they've been away from home. This is why microchips may be just the thing to help bring missing pets back home.
（1）How did Jennifer find her pet cat?
A. By visiting animal shelters.
B. By offering a $500 reward.
C. With the help of the microchip.
D. With the help of a woman in New Jersey.
（2）Which statement about microchips is NOT true according to the passage?
A. They are very small computer chips.
B. They are under an animal's skin of its shoulder.
C. They can help the owners to find the long-lost pets.
D. They can only work for a lost pet that's far away from home.
（3）The right order of how animal shelters help lost pets return home is .
①Get the I D number of the lost pet.
②Call the owner to bring the lost pet home.
③Look for the microchip of the lost pet.
④Call the microchip company to match the number to the information of its owner.
A. ③①②④
B. ③④①②
C. ①③④②
D.
③①④②
（4）According to the passage, we can know that .
A. the couple thought the microchip wasn't helpful at all
B. Scrub didn't feel uncomfortable with the microchip in its body
C. it took a long time to match Roxy's ID number to her owner's information
D. Jennifer herself found her cat according to the ID number on its microchip
（5）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The reasons why pets got lost.
B. Different ways to find the lost pets.
C. The ways how people care for the lost pets.
D. The introduction of how microchips help the lost pets return home.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
（5）D
【解析】【分析】大意：本文主要介绍芯片怎样帮助走失的宠物回家，动物收容所通过詹妮弗宠物猫皮肤下的芯片上的身份证号码联系上了失主詹妮弗，芯片帮助了数千名失主找到他们的宠物。

（1）细节题。

根据then they'll call the microchip company to match the number to the information of the pet's owner. This is how the shelter was able to tell Jennifer that they had found Scrub.可知，詹妮弗通过芯片的帮助找到他的宠物猫，故选C。

（2）细节题。

根据Microchips can not only work for a pet's whole life but help lost pets no matter how far they've been away from home.可知，微芯片不仅能效力宠物的一生而且无论丢失的宠物离家有多远都能帮助。

D选项描述跟原文描述不一致，故选D。

（3）细节题。

根据When lost pets are brought to animal shelters, people there use a special tool to look for the microchip and read the ID number on it, then they'll call the microchip company to match the number to the information of the pet's owner. 可知，动物收容所首先寻找丢失宠物的微芯片，其次获取它的身份证号码，然后打电话给芯片公司将号码和它的主人的信息匹配，最后打电话给失主领回丢失的宠物，故选D。

（4）细节题。

根据Once the chip is in place, the pet does not feel it anymore.可知，Scrub身上放了芯片没有什么不舒服感，故选B。

（5）主旨题。

本文主要介绍芯片怎样帮助走失的宠物回家，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

细节题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。

细节题需要从文中寻
找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读理解
Jenny looked at the store window. There was nothing that she wanted more than a Happy Hannah doll. It was $29.95. Unluckily, Jenny didn't even have the 95 cents.
As she crossed the street, she thought about doing her brother's housework, cleaning the floor, washing the dishes all month, but even then she would have only eleven dollars. Suddenly, something small and pink in the snow caught her eyes.
Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow. It was a beautiful wallet. She opened the wallet and found many dollars and a woman's driver's license in it. Jenny put the wallet into her bag quickly. She turned around and walked back.
Jenny's heart beat(跳动) fast as she went into the store. She had long dreamed about this moment, but something didn't feel right. As she got to the Happy Hannah dolls, she pushed away her feelings. She grabbed(抓起) one and walked toward the checkout.
As Jenny was waiting to pay, her mobile phone rang. It was her grandma. Jenny's heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her. She put the doll down and answered the phone.
“Hi, Grandma? I'm going to be a little bit late tonight...Alright...I love you, too.” Jenny left the store and walked all the way to 301 West Street. The woman who answered the door looked sad.
“Here, I found this in the snow,” Jenny said.
“Oh, good God! This is th e money for the orphanage(孤儿院)! Thank you!”
After doing her brother's housework for three months, Jenny finally got a Happy Hannah doll. She was so happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in the eye.
（1）What did Jenny find in the snow?
A. A bag.
B. A wallet.
C. A doll.
D. A mobile phone.
（2）How did Jenny feel when she thought of her grandma?
A. Moved.
B. Surprised.
C. Nervous.
D. Warm.
（3）Why did Jenny go to 301 West Street?
A. To find a toy store.
B. To visit the orphanage.
C. To return the money.
D. To look after the woman.
（4）What did Jenny do to get the doll?
A. She did her brother's housework for three months.
B. She asked her grandma to buy it for her.
C. She took some money from the woman.
D. She cleaned the floor in the store for all month.
（5）What do we know from the story?
A. The girl is kind and never does wrong.
B. The girl's grandma has a great influence on her.
C. The woman is mean and never helps others.
D. The girl didn't have a Happy Hannah doll in the end.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
（5）B
【解析】【分析】本文叙述了有一次詹妮在雪地里捡起了一个钱包，她本想去拿着这钱去买一个自己喜欢的洋娃娃，可是当她想付钱的时候，她接到了祖母的电话，她想起来祖母，于是就放弃了用捡来的钱来买东西的想法，把钱包物归原主了，决定通过给她的弟弟做三个月的作业，最后得到了自己想要的洋娃娃。

（1）细节理解题。

根据Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow. It was a beautiful wallet. 可知，詹妮在雪地里捡起的是钱包。

故选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据As Jenny was waiting to pay, her mobile phone rang. It was her grandma. Jenny's heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her.可知，詹妮当想起她的祖母的时候，她感觉很温暖。

故选D。

（3）细节理解题。

根据Jenny left the store and walked all the way to 301 West Street. The woman who answered the door looked sad.“Here, I found this in the snow,” Jenny said.可知，詹妮去301西街是去还钱包。

故选C。

（4）细节理解题。

根据After doing her brother's housework for three months, Jenny finally got a Happy Hannah doll.可知，詹妮通过给她的弟弟做了三个月的作业，最后得到了自己想要的洋娃娃。

故选A。

（5）推理判断题。

根据Jenny's heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she
thought of her.She was so happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in the eye.可知，詹妮特别尊重自己的祖母，看重祖母的看法。

可推知她的祖母对她影响很大。

故选。

【点评】推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一，也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型，属于深层理解题。

它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义，即英语中所说的“read between the lines”。

因此，学生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间，体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。

3．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Meiyu, born in 1995, is from Turkey (土耳其). She is the youngest child of her family. After high school, many people learned English or Japanese, but Meiyu decided to learn Chinese in university. She learned Chinese for four years in Ankara University in Turkey, and got her name Meiyu there.
Meiyu fell in love with Chinese after going to university. She became more interested after she knew more about Chinese history. She graduated (毕业) from Ankara University in 2017. Since then, more Chinese have been visiting Turkey. The trade between the two countries also needs Chinese-speaking people. "Speaking Chinese means more job opportunities" said Meiyu.
Now Meiyu has been in Wuhan, China for about two years.Besides going on studying Chinese, she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu as well, so she spends her free time on kung fu training with her coaches. Not only can kung fu help improve (改善) her health, but she is also interested in the history and culture behind it. Meiyu said, "The more I know about China, the luckier I feel to have been here. But the truth is that fun and pain go together in the process of learning."
In the future, Meiyu decides to go back to Turkey to teach more students to learn Chinese.（1）Where did Meiyu learn Chinese at first?
A. In China.
B. In Turkey.
C. In India.
D. In Australia.
（2）How old was Meuyu when she graduated from Ankara University in 2017?
A. 22
B. 25
C. 27
D. 18
（3）What's probably the meaning of the word "opportunities" in this passage?
A. decisions
B. orders
C. meanings
D. chances
（4）Why does Meiyu spend her free time on kung fu training with her coaches?
A. Because she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu.
B. Because she has to learn kung fu to graduate.
C. Because she wants to teach kung fu in Turkey.
D. Because she wants to take part in kung fu competitions.
（5）What can you learn from the passage?
A. Meiyu is the only child of her family.
B. Meiyu is not interested in Chinese now.
C. Chinese culture has greatly influenced Meiyu.
D. Meiyu decides to stay in China in the future.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）A
（5）C
【解析】【分析】大意：中国文化深深影响了了一位土耳其大学生，美玉。

（1）细节题。

根据She learned Chinese for four years in Ankara University in Turkey, 可知，他最初是在土耳其大学学习汉语，故选B。

（2）细节题。

根据Meiyu, born in 1995,可知，2017年她22岁，故选A。

（3）词义猜测题。

根据The trade between the two countries also needs Chinese-speaking people. "Speaking Chinese means more job opportunities" said Meiyu.可知，两国贸易需要会说汉语的人，说汉语意味着有更多就业机会，推出oportunities意思为机会，故选D。

（4）细节题。

根据she shows great interest in Chinese kung fu as well, so she spends her free time on kung fu training with her coaches.可知，因为她喜欢中国功夫，所以才和教练用空闲时间学中国功夫，故选A。

（5）主旨题。

本文主要讲述一位土耳其大学生，美玉深受中国文化的影响，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题的关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

4．根据短文内容选择正确答案。

A
The 2014 FI FA World Cup, the twentieth World Cup football match, was
held in Brazil from June 12th, 2014 to July 13th, 2014. Thirty-two teams
from different countries brought us sixty-four wonderful games during the
World Cup. This is the second time the World Cup is held in this country
and the fifth in South America. Thousands of football fans watched the
games.
A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国), a mouth-watering documentary TV
program featuring delicious Chinese food, has interested a large number of
people. The program has become very popular since it was shown on TV.
The documentary provides not only Chinese delicious food but also the relationships between people and food. “We made th is documentary with
our respect and love for food. I hope it will help people learn more about
Chinese food as well as Chinese culture.” said the director Mr. Chen.
Lu Jialei, a school girl from Hangzhou, China, won the championship of the
first Chinese Character Dictation Contest, which made her become famous overnight. Lu is a hard-working girl and always comes top at school. “I like
reading and I’m crazy about learning Chinese characters. I enjoy the contest
and hope more and more people become interested in learning Chinese characters.” said Lu Jialei after winning the contest.
（1）How long did the 2014 FIFA World Cup last?
A. About a week.
B. About two weeks
C. About a month.
D. About two months.（2）Which is NOT true according to the articles?
A. Lu Jialei always gets good grades at school.
B. The World Cup has been held in South America twice.
C. Many people like watching the TV program A Bite of China.
D. Lu Jialei hopes more people ca n take much interest in Chinese characters.
（3）Where may the articles probably come from?
A. A story book.
B. A science report.
C. A sports magazine.
D. The Internet.【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】这篇短文给我们介绍了三段不同内容的短文。

第一段是关于今年夏天将在巴西举行的足球世界杯；第二段是关于《舌尖上的中国》这个电视节目；第三段是关于第一届汉字听写大赛的冠军卢佳磊。

（1）细节理解题。

根据短文的第一段中the twentieth World Cup football match, will be held in Brazil from June 12th, 2014 to July 13th, 2014.可知，第20届世界杯足球赛将于2014年6月12号到7月13号在巴西举行，时间是持续一个月。

故选C。

（2）推理判断题。

根据Lu is a hard-working girl and always comes top at school.可知A的说法是对的；根据A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国), a mouth-watering documentary TV program featuring delicious Chinese food, has interested a large number of people.可知C的说法也符合文意；根据enjoy the contest and hope more and more people become interested in learning Chinese characters可知D也是符合文意的；根据This is the second time the World Cup is held in this country and the fifth in South America.可知，这是世界杯足球赛第五次在南美洲国家举行，故B不对。

选B。

（3）主旨大意题。

这篇短文中给我们介绍了三个不同的内容，第一段是关于今年的世界杯足球比赛将在巴西举行；第二个是关于《舌尖上的中国》这个节目；第三个是关于汉字听写大赛的冠军卢佳磊。

这样的一篇短文应该来源于网上。

故选D。

【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。

5．阅读理解
He was an old man who fished alone in a small boat on the sea and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish, the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now salao, which was the worst form of unluck, and the boy had gone with another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his boat empty. The sail looked like the flag of failure forever.
The old man was thin with deep wrinkles(皱纹)in the back of his neck. His face was terribly brown because of the strong sunlight on the sea every day and his hands had the deep scars(伤疤)from dealing with heavy fish on the lines. But none of these were fresh. Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same colour as the sea and were cheerful.
"Santiago," the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from the sea. "I could go with you again. We've made some money."
The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.
"No, "the old man said." You're with a lucky boat. Stay with them."
"But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks."
"I remember," the old man said.
"It was papa who made me leave. I am a boy and I must follow him."
"I know," the old man said. "It is quite normal."
"He hasn't much faith(信心)."
"No," the old man said." But we have. Haven't we?"
"Yes," the boy said. "Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace?"
"Why not?" the old man said. "Between fishermen."
（1）In the story the old man was the boy's .
A. grandfather
B. friend
C. boss
D. host
（2）The word "they" in Paragraph 2 refers to of the old man.
A. the hands
B. the scars
C. the eyes
D. the wrinkles （3）The old man refused the boy to go fishing with him again because .
A. he wanted to fish by himself
B. he could really understand his parents
C. the boy asked for some money
D. the boy had already learnt how to fish
（4）From the story we can know that .
A. the old man was always full of hope
B. the boy's parents believed in the old man
C. everyone laughed at the old man's bad luck
D. the boy was worried about the old man's health
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】主要讲了一个老人84天没有捕到鱼了，男孩的父母不让小男孩和老人一起捕鱼，认为老人运气不好，老人比较理解男孩的父母。

（1）细节题。

根据全文可知小男孩和老人一起去捕鱼，他们的关系是朋友关系，故选B。

（2）细节题。

根据Everything about him was old except his eyes除了他的眼睛，他周围的一切都很老，所以they代指眼睛，即eyes，故选C。

（3）细节题。

根据"It was papa who made me leave. I am a boy and I must follow him." "I know," the old man said. "It is quite normal."可知老人理解男孩爷爷的想法，所以拒绝小男孩再次和他一起去捕鱼，故选B。

（4）细节题。

根据"He hasn't much faith(信心)." "No," the old man said." But we have. Haven't we?"可知男孩爷爷对老人没有信心，但是老人和男孩有信心，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。