高一5-6单元

Unit5-6BI the silver screen & Good manner
单词：
1. comment v. 评论
2. marry v. 结婚
3. create v. 创造
4. attack v. 进攻
5. cruelty n. 残酷
6. escape v. 逃跑
7. advice n. 忠告；建议
8. afford v. 花得起(钱、时间)
9. encourage v. 鼓励10. research n. 研究11. interrupt v. 打断；打扰12. apologize v. 道歉13. pray v. 请求；祈祷14. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕15. match v. 相配；相适应16. manners n. 礼貌17. impression n. 印象18. live adj. & adv. 活的；直播的(地)19. custom n. 习惯；风俗20. introduce vt. 介绍；引进
短语：
1. take off 脱掉；起飞；成功
2. go wrong 出错；出问题
3. can't help doing 情不自禁做某事
4. take one's place 代替某人
5. run after 追逐；追踪
6. win a prize 获奖
7. think highly of 赞扬……；对……高度评价8. call for 需要；索取
9. in all 总共10. play a role 扮演角色(作用)
11. make money 挣钱12. win over 争取过来
13. work on 从事，致力于14. owe success to 把成功归功于某人
15. start with 以……开始16. run away from school逃学
17. on the air 正在播出的18. do research 进行调查
19. speed up 加速20. follow the fashion 追随时尚
知识点：
1. afford
(1) (和can，could，be able to连用) 有(时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do
We can't afford to pay such a price.
afford + n. / pron. (出得起；买得起等)
They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.
(2) 经得起(做某事或发生某事) (多+to do)
He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.
2. apologize的用法
▲构词：apology n. 辩解，道歉
▲搭配：
①apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的sb for (doing) sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉
②apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护
【考例】[NMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
A. made
B. said
C. put
D. Passed
[答案与解析]A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。

3. choice的用法
▲搭配：
①make a choice 选择
②make choice of 挑选，选择，选定
③make / take one's choice 任意挑选
④have no choice but to do sth 非……不可，除……之外别无他法
【考例】[MET 1993] We've missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.
A. way
B. choice
C. possibility
D. selection
[答案与解析]B choice是choose的名词形式．意思是
“选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配have no choice but to do sth“不得不干……”。

4. encourage的用法
▲构词：①encouraging adj. 鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。

令人欢欣鼓舞的
②encouraged adj. 被激励的，受到鼓舞的③encouragement n. 鼓励，激励
④discourage v. 使泄气；劝阻
▲搭配：①encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事②be encouraged by 受……鼓励／鼓舞【考例】[2004北京]My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
5. impression n. 印象
(1) impression (on sb.) (给某人)印象His speech made a strong impression on his audience.
(2) impression (of sth.) (对某事物)印象；想法That's my first impression of the new college.
(3) impress sb. with sth. 给予某人深刻印象= impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impre- ssed his students with the importance of speaking.
6. interrupt的用法vt, vi(后接指人或指物的各种名词。

)
①阻断；中断Don't interrupt me. 别打断我。

Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。

②打岔；插嘴It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。

“Don't interrupt,”he said.“别插话, ”他说。

▲构词：
①interrupter n. 打岔者，打断者②interruption n. 打岔．打断，使中断的事物
【考例】[2005山西模拟] Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking.
A. stop
B. introduce
C. prevent
D. interrupt
7. marry
(1) vi. 结婚He didn't marry until he was fifty.
(2) vt. 和……结婚Jean is going to marry Hubert.
(3) vt. (父母)嫁(女儿) He married his daughter to a businessman.
(4) vt. (教士等) 为……主持结婚仪式We've come to ask if you will marry them.
[比较](1) get married (to sb.) 强调动作
His oldest girl got married last month.
(2) be married (to sb.) 强调状态
How long have you been married?
8. moment的用法n.
①片刻；瞬间He will be here in a moment. 他一会儿就来。

At the moment I am working. 此刻我正在工作。

②时机；机遇；时宜Choose your moment to visit him. 你选个合适的时机去拜访他。

③重要性a matter of great moment
一件极重要的事情
▲搭配：
①at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上②at the last moment 在最后关头
③at the moment 此刻；(正当)那时④every moment 时时刻刻
⑤for a moment 片刻⑥in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上
⑦the moment(that)... 一……就……
9. reason n. 原因；理由
(1) + to do sth. You haven't any reason to leave me.
(2) + for sth. / doing People must have a reason for saying such things.
(3) + 从句；从句用why / for which引导That is the reason why you should leave.
(4) for + reason，为了某种原因He is retiring for reasons of health.
[比较] cause“原因；起因”
the cause of the fire 火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因)
the reason for being late 迟到的理由(做某件事的理由)
10. role
(1) (戏剧中的) 角色Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet.
(2) (现实生活中的) 身份；作用
What is your role on the Committee?
(3) play a...role in... = play a...part in在……中扮演……角色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.
11. serve v.
(1) 为……服务／工作A slave serves his master.
(2) 接待(顾客) The shop assistant is serving a customer.
(3) 侍候吃饭，端(菜)；供应(饭菜) Lunch is served now.
(4) serve as 充任(某职务)作……用She served as a model for several painters. / This box will serve as / for a seat.
12. speed的用法
▲搭配：①at a high speed 以很大的速度
②at full / top speed 用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地；
③with great / an speed 用全速，开足马力④speed up 加速，快点
13. stare的用法vi, vt -- stared, staring 凝视，注视
He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。

[习惯用语] stare one in the face 近在眼前；摆在眼前
▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。

gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。

例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all." 她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。

”
stare 特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。

例如：The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. 那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。

glare 表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。

例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors. 被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。

14. trouble
(1) 麻烦；烦恼；烦心的事(可数，不可数)
例：It is a pity to give you so much trouble. / Life is full of troubles.
(2) 困难；费事(不可数) have trouble with sth. / have trouble (in) doing sth. (= difficulty)
Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.
[相关短语]
(1) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼；自找麻烦
What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.
(2) (be) in trouble 有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦
He never came except when he was in trouble.
(3) put sb. to trouble 给某人造成麻烦；增添麻烦
I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.
(4) take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事；费心
It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.
词语辨析：
1. win, beat, defeat 表示获胜、取胜的词语
(1) win v. 赢……，获胜，接比赛或奖项win a game / a prize / an honor / a race. /
(2) beat + 对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛) I can easily beat him at golf.
(3) defeat 表战胜，接对手The enemy was defeated in the battle.
2. in the end, finally, at last
三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后，终于”之意。

不同的是：
finally 一般用在句中动词前面，而at last 与in the end 的位置则较为灵活；
三者中at last 语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。

另外，finally还可用在列举事项时，引出最后一个内容，相当于lastly。

Firstly, we should make
a plan; secondly, we should carry it out; finally we should make a conclu- sion.
3. by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea
(1) by sea “走海路，乘船”，用来表示交通方式，同by ship 同义。

These heavy boxes should be sent by sea.
(2) by the sea “在海边”，相当于by (at) the seaside。

The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day.
(3) in the sea “在海里，在海水中”There are many plants and animals in the sea.
(4) on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸边”。

I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea.
(5) at sea 在海上；在航海When he woke up, the ship was at sea.
4. be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.
(1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接so 或not，也可接that 从句。

I'm afraid (that) 其语意相当于I'm sorry, but...。

-- Are we on time? 我们准时吗? -- I'm afraid not. 恐怕不准时。

I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.
(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。

She is afraid to be here alone. / He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.
(3) be afraid of (doing) sth. 常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。

I was afraid of hurting her feelings.
5. live, living, alive, lively
(1) live adj.
①活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语) The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.
②实况直播的(不是录音)It wasn't a recorded show. It was live.
③带电的；燃着的；可爆炸的This is a live wire.
(2) living adj. 活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England. / The old man is still living. (或alive)
(3) alive adj. ①活着的；②有活力的；有生气
作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive?
作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people. 作补语：Let's keep the fish alive.
(4) lively adj. 活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语) The music is bright and lively.
6. take off, take down, take in, take on, take up
(1) take off
①(飞机)起飞A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.
②脱下(衣裳等)；取下He took off his wet shoes. / Who took the knob off the door?
③休假；请假；歇工When his wife was sick he took off from work.
④(指观念、产品) 大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off. / His business began to take off when he was in his forties.
(2) take down
①拿下来；取下来He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.
②记下来He read out the names and his secretary took them down.
(3) take in
①接受(房客，客人等)；收留The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.
②理解；领会；明白The boys could not take in his meaning.
③包括；涉及The study of physics takes in many different subjects.
④使上当；欺骗We were completely taken in by her story.
(4) take on
①接受；从事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.
②雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more assis- tant?
③具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look.
(5) take up
①从事某项活动；发展某种爱好So many young men want to take up writing.
②开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast. / He dropped medicine and took up physics.
③占去(时间或空间) The meeting took up the whole morning. / The table takes up too much room.
④接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.
7. call for, call on, call up
(1) call for
①来找(某人)；来取(某物) I'll call for you at your house.
②要求；需要Success in school calls for much hard work.
(2) call on
①call on / upon sb. 拜访；去会(某人) I hope to call on you at your office at 3 o’clock today.
②call on / upon sb. to do sth. 请／叫某人做某事He called upon me to speak immediately.
③号召；呼吁；要求The President called on his people to serve the country.
(3) call up
①给……打电话(英ring up) I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.
②征召入役；调用(后备部队) Three boys in our street were called up last week.
8. too much, much too
(1) too much “太多”之意，可以作形容词，修饰不可数名词，也可作副词，修饰动词。

There is too much rain here in spring. / She talked too much at the meeting.
(2) much too “简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动词。

This book is much too difficult for me. / The old man walks much too slowly.
9. custom, habit
(1) custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。

They broke some of the old customs. / It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival.
(2) habit 指个人生活习惯。

“(有)养成……习惯”常
用be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth. 句型；“戒掉……习惯”常用give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth. 句型。

It's easy to get into a bad habit but its hard to give it up. / The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.
10. arise, rise, raise
raise vt.“使……上升；升起；提高”等；
rise vi.“上升；升起”；
arise vi.“站起来(stand up)”，“起床(get up)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都属正式用法；arise 主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。

She raised her voice in anger. (抬高) The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起) The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起) She rises before it is light. (起床) Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出现)。