36课

•The manner in which manufacturing tools are used has changed significantly(有意义地,极大地)over the past 50 years, as evidenced by such innovations as computer controls, flexible(灵活的) manufacturing systems, and robotics(机器人学). These innovations became necessary due to rising labor costs(不断上升的劳动力成本), decreasing lead times, and the increasing demand for product quality. Not only has there been a change in the way tools are used for manufacturing, but due to the rapid development of new, difficult to machine materials and increasingly（日益，愈加）complex part configurations(构造,结构), it has become necessary to change to more sophisticated (诡辩的,究竟世故的)tools as well.
•This need for more sophisticated tools has resulted in the creation of a new(新方法的创造), unique family of manufacturing processes known as nontraditional manufacturing processes(非传统的制造方法). Generally speaking, nontraditional processes differ from conventional processes(传统的制造方法) (e. g ., drilling(钻孔), turning(车削),
and stamping(冲压)) either by utilizing energy(可利用的能量) in novel ways or by applying forms of energy heretofore unused for the purpose of manufacturing. High velocity material jets(高速度材料喷射黑玉), pulsed magnetic fields(脉冲的磁性领域), light beams(激光), and electrochemical reactions（电化学反应)are but a few of these new tools currently（普遍地，通常地）used to perform operations such as cutting（切削）, welding（焊接）, deburring（去毛刺）, and forming（成型加工）. •
•Nontraditional manufacturing processes are currently employed by many diverse industries, yet many manufacturers are unaware（无意识的）of these processes and the benefits that can be realized by implementing（实施，执行）them. In addition, those people who believe that they are already familiar with（对…熟悉）nontraditional processes are often unaware of all of the process options available（可利用的）to them or are lacking information on the most recent advances（发展，前进）which drastically increase the cost
effectiveness （效益）and capabilities（性能，能量，能力）of these processes. •Numerous（数字化的）articles, technical papers （科技论文）, and reports have addressed various nontraditional manufacturing processes in recent years. It is nearly impossible, however, for those who are interested to be aware of all the available information sources as well as to find the time to stay abreast of all the developments concerning this very broad and rapidly changing subject.
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•If you feel that a nontraditional process should be investigated（研究）further for possible implementation at your facility, minimize（最小化）the chances of encountering problems（遇到的问题）, and assure（确保）yourself success by following these common sense guidelines（指南，指
导），.
•Before deciding that one particular（特定的）process（工艺）is correct for your application, investigate and experiment with as many alternative （可替代的）processes as possible. If the option（选
项）is available, select and investigate（调查，研究）several applicable（可应用的）processes, preferably（较好，宁可，更愿意）by processing your own hardware on the equipment under consideration.
•To determine a potential supplier’s可能的供应商）level of experience with your prospective equipment, request a list of customers who have purchased similar machines.This list will reflect（反应）repeat orders, which is a good indication（指示，提示）of customer satisfaction（客户的反应）. Be extremely cautious if the equipment being proposed to you is one of the first to be built by a particular manufacturer. You could end up debugging（调试）the equipment at the expense of your production quotas（你生产指标的牺牲）.
•Contact several of the manufacturer’s customers and confirm directly the level of operator and maintenance skills（维护技巧）that they require to properly（合适地）support the equipment, and inquire（询问，查询）about the most frequent causes（最常见的原因）of downtime（停机故障
时间）. Question（询问）also the long term repeatability（长期的重复性）of the equipment. Are constant（常量）tuning or replacement of components required to maintain repeatability（重复维修）? Will your application place greater demands on the equipment than it was designed for?
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•If your facility is part of a multidivisional corporation（公司）, check with the manufacturing personnel at the other divisions（其它区域的）to determine if they have had experience with the process or manufacturer in question. If they have had experience and are willing to share their information with you, your company and your parent corporation will save time and money by avoiding a duplication of efforts（重复的努力）. •
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