高二英语国际关系与外交阅读理解25题

高二英语国际关系与外交阅读理解25题
1
<背景文章>
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 after the end of World War II. The main purpose behind its establishment was to prevent future global conflicts and promote international cooperation. The world had just witnessed two devastating world wars, and countries recognized the need for an organization that could facilitate dialogue and resolve disputes among nations.
The UN has several main functions. One of the most important is maintaining international peace and security. It does this through various means, such as peacekeeping operations. UN peacekeepers are deployed to areas of conflict around the world to help maintain cease - fires and promote stability. Another key function is promoting sustainable development. The UN encourages countries to work towards economic development while also protecting the environment and ensuring social equality. It also plays a significant role in protecting human rights. Through its agencies, it monitors and reports on human rights situations around the world and takes action against countries that violate human rights.
In international affairs, the UN has a great influence. It provides a platform for countries to discuss global issues. All member states,
regardless of their size or power, have an equal voice in the General Assembly. This allows small and developing countries to have their say in international decision - making. The UN also sets international standards and norms through treaties and agreements. For example, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a fundamental document that has influenced human rights laws around the world.
However, the UN also faces many challenges. One of the major challenges is the lack of enforcement power. While it can pass resolutions and make recommendations, it often depends on member states to implement them. Some powerful countries may choose not to follow UN resolutions if they conflict with their own interests. Another challenge is financial. The UN relies on contributions from member states, and sometimes there are difficulties in getting sufficient funds to carry out all its programs. There is also the issue of political gridlock within the organization. Different member states may have very different interests and priorities, which can make it difficult to reach consensus on important issues.
1. What was the main reason for the establishment of the United Nations?
A. To promote economic competition among countries.
B. To prevent future global conflicts.
C. To establish a single world government.
D. To promote the dominance of powerful countries.
答案：B。

解析：文章明确提到联合国成立的主要目的是防止未来的全球冲突并促进国际合作，A选项促进国家间的经济竞争、C选项建立单一世界政府、D选项促进强国的统治均不符合文章内容。

2. Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of the United Nations?
A. Maintaining international peace and security.
B. Promoting cultural assimilation among countries.
C. Promoting sustainable development.
D. Protecting human rights.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到联合国的主要职能包括维护国际和平与安全、促进可持续发展和保护人权，而没有提到促进国家间的文化同化。

3. How does the United Nations influence international affairs?
A. By controlling the military forces of all member states.
B. By providing a platform for countries to discuss global issues.
C. By directly interfering in the internal affairs of countries.
D. By imposing economic sanctions on all non - member states.
答案：B。

解析：文中指出联合国通过为各国提供讨论全球问题的平台来影响国际事务，A选项控制所有成员国的军事力量、C选项直接干涉国家内政、D选项对所有非成员国实施经济制裁均不符合文章内容。

4. What is one of the challenges the United Nations faces?
A. Having too much enforcement power.
B. Having no difficulty in getting funds.
C. Lack of enforcement power.
D. All member states always follow UN resolutions.
答案：C。

解析：文章明确提到联合国面临的挑战之一是缺乏执行权力，A选项有太多执行权力、B选项获取资金没有困难、D选项所有成员国总是遵循联合国决议都与原文不符。

5. In the General Assembly of the United Nations, which statement is correct?
A. Only powerful countries have a voice.
B. Member states have different voices according to their economic strength.
C. All member states have an equal voice.
D. Only developing countries have a voice.
答案：C。

解析：根据文章内容，在联合国大会中所有成员国不论大小或实力都有平等的发言权，A选项只有强国才有发言权、B选项成员国根据经济实力有不同的发言权、D选项只有发展中国家才有发言权都是错误的。

2
<背景文章>
The relationship between China and the United States has been a
complex and evolving one over the decades.
In the early days, after the founding of New China, the United States initially held a hostile attitude towards China. It imposed economic blockades and diplomatic isolations. However, with the development of the international situation and the changing needs of both sides, in the 1970s, the two countries began to approach each other. The famous "Ping - Pong Diplomacy" was a significant ice - breaker, which led to President Nixon's visit to China in 1972. This visit marked a major turning point in Sino - US relations, opening the door to exchanges and cooperation in various fields.
There are several factors influencing this relationship. Geopolitical interests play an important role. As two major powers in the world, their influence on international affairs, security in the Asia - Pacific region and global economic order is crucial. Economic factors are also very prominent. China has become one of the largest trading partners of the United States. Bilateral trade has brought great economic benefits to both sides. But at the same time, trade imbalances have also become a source of friction.
In current days, there are still some main cooperation areas between China and the United States. In the economic field, although there are trade disputes, there are still many enterprises in both countries that maintain business cooperation. For example, in the high - tech industry, some American companies cooperate with Chinese counterparts in certain areas. In the field of environmental protection, both sides recognize the
importance of global climate change and have carried out some cooperation projects on clean energy development. In the field of cultural exchanges, there are a large number of educational exchanges, and students from both countries can study in each other's countries, which promotes mutual understanding between the two peoples.
Nevertheless, there are also some obvious differences. One of the main differences lies in the field of trade policies. The United States has often imposed tariffs on Chinese goods, claiming issues such as unfair trade practices, while China believes that these are protectionist measures that violate the principles of free trade. Another difference is in the field of international relations. The United States sometimes intervenes in China's internal affairs under various pretexts, such as issues related to the South China Sea and Xinjiang, which China firmly opposes as it violates China's sovereignty.
6. What was the significant event that led to a major turning point in Sino - US relations in the 1970s?
A. The establishment of economic cooperation.
B. President Nixon's visit to China.
C. The start of cultural exchanges.
D. China's participation in international organizations.
答案：B。

解析：文章明确提到在20世纪70年代，尼克松总统访华是中美关系的一个重大转折点，而选项A中的经济合作建立不
是当时关系转折的标志性事件；选项C文化交流的开始不是主要转折点；选项D中国参加国际组织与中美关系在当时的转折点无关。

7. Which factor is not mentioned as influencing Sino - US relations?
A. Geopolitical interests.
B. Religious beliefs.
C. Economic factors.
D. Trade imbalances.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到地缘政治利益、经济因素以及贸易不平衡（ 属于经济因素的一部分）对中美关系有影响，但是宗教信仰并没有在文中提及对中美关系有影响。

8. In which field do both China and the United States have cooperation currently?
A. Military defense.
B. High - tech industry in some areas.
C. Space exploration.
D. Internet governance.
答案：B。

解析：文章指出在高科技产业的某些领域，中美两国的企业有合作，而选项A军事防御并没有提及有合作；选项C太空探索没有提到是合作领域；选项D互联网治理也未在文中提及为合作领域。

9. What is one of the main differences between China and the United States according to the passage?
A. The attitude towards cultural exchanges.
B. The policy on environmental protection.
C. The trade policies.
D. The development of education.
答案：C。

解析：文章明确提到中美之间的一个主要差异在于贸易政策，美国对中国商品加征关税等，而选项A文化交流态度并非主要差异；选项B环境保护政策不是文中提到的主要差异；选项D教育发展也不是主要差异。

10. Why does China oppose some of the United States' actions?
A. Because they violate China's sovereignty.
B. Because they are not in line with international trade rules.
C. Because they are harmful to the global economy.
D. Because they limit the development of American companies.
答案：A。

解析：文章指出美国以各种借口干涉中国内政，如南海和新疆问题，中国坚决反对是因为这侵犯了中国的
3
<背景文章>
The European Union (EU) plays a significant role in promoting the process of European integration. It has been a remarkable journey since its inception.
The EU has established a complex internal coordination mechanism. Member states communicate and cooperate through various institutions.
For example, the European Commission is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing policies, and safeguarding the EU's general interests. The Council of the EU represents the member states and is involved in decision - making processes. And the European Parliament, elected by the citizens of the member states, also has important powers in legislation and supervision.
In terms of foreign policy, the EU aims to speak with one voice on the international stage. It promotes peace, security, and development around the world. It has its own diplomatic initiatives and cooperation projects with other countries and regions. For instance, in the area of climate change, the EU has been actively promoting international cooperation and setting ambitious goals for reducing emissions.
However, the EU also faces numerous internal and external challenges. Internally, differences in economic development levels among member states can lead to disputes. Some countries may be more developed economically, while others may struggle. This can cause tensions in issues such as budget contributions and resource allocation. Also, there are cultural and political differences among member states that need to be constantly coordinated. Externally, the rise of other major powers and the changing global political and economic situation pose challenges. For example, in international trade negotiations, the EU has to face competition from emerging economies.
11. What is the main responsibility of the European Commission in the EU?
A. To represent the member states.
B. To propose legislation, implement policies and safeguard the EU's general interests.
C. To only supervise the member states.
D. To handle international trade negotiations.
答案：B。

详细解析：文章明确提到The European Commission is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing policies, and safeguarding the EU's general interests，所以答案为B。

A选项是Council of the EU的职能；C选项只提到监督，不全面；D选项文章未提及是European Commission的职能。

12. Which institution in the EU is elected by the citizens of the member states?
A. The Council of the EU.
B. The European Commission.
C. The European Parliament.
D. None of the above.
答案：C。

详细解析：根据原文And the European Parliament, elected by the citizens of the member states可知，是European Parliament由成员国公民选举产生，所以答案为C，A和B选项都不是由公民选举产生的。

13. What is one of the internal challenges the EU faces?
A. Lack of diplomatic initiatives.
B. No differences in economic development levels.
C. Tensions due to differences in economic development levels among member states.
D. Too much agreement on resource allocation.
答案：C。

详细解析：文章指出Internally, differences in economic development levels among member states can lead to disputes. This can cause tensions in issues such as budget contributions and resource allocation，即成员国经济发展水平的差异会导致争端，这是内部挑战之一，所以答案为C。

A选项与原文不符，原文提到有外交倡议；B 选项与原文矛盾，原文提到有经济发展水平差异；D选项与原文矛盾，原文提到资源分配存在问题。

14. In which area has the EU been actively promoting international cooperation?
A. Military expansion.
B. Climate change.
C. Space exploration.
D. Internet censorship.
答案：B。

详细解析：原文提到For instance, in the area of climate change, the EU has been actively promoting international cooperation，即在气候变化领域，欧盟一直在积极推动国际合作，所以答案为B。

A、
C、D选项文章均未提及。

15. What kind of situation in the external environment poses challenges to the EU?
A. The decline of other major powers.
B. The stable global political and economic situation.
C. The rise of other major powers and the changing global political and economic situation.
D. The decrease of international trade.
答案：C。

详细解析：文章提到Externally, the rise of other major powers and the changing global political and economic situation pose challenges，即其他大国的崛起和全球政治经济形势的变化对欧盟构成挑战，所以答案为C。

A选项与原文矛盾，原文是其他大国崛起；B选项与原文矛盾，原文提到形势变化是挑战；D选项文章未提及。

4
<背景文章>
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a significant development strategy proposed by China in 2013. It has far - reaching implications for international relations and the economies of countries along the routes.
The background of the BRI can be traced back to the ancient Silk Road. China has a long - standing history of trade and cultural exchanges with the West through this route. In modern times, with the globalization process accelerating, China aims to revive this historical connection and
promote common development among countries.
The main goals of the BRI are multi - faceted. Firstly, it aims to strengthen infrastructure connectivity among countries. This includes building roads, railways, ports, and airports. For example, the China - Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a major project under the BRI. It has involved the construction of a large - scale port in Gwadar, which has greatly enhanced Pakistan's trade capacity. Secondly, the BRI also focuses on promoting trade and investment facilitation. By reducing trade barriers and improving the investment environment, it encourages businesses from different countries to engage in cross - border economic activities.
There are numerous major cooperation projects within the BRI framework. In addition to the CPEC mentioned above, the China - Europe Railway Express is also very important. This railway line directly connects China and European countries, shortening the transportation time of goods and promoting cultural exchanges between the two regions.
The impact of the BRI on countries along the line is profound. Economically, it has brought new development opportunities for these countries. Many infrastructure - building projects have created a large number of job opportunities, and improved local transportation and energy supply conditions. In terms of international relations, the BRI has strengthened the cooperation and exchanges between China and other countries. It promotes the building of a community with a shared future for
mankind, and enhances mutual understanding and trust among countries.
16. What is one of the main goals of the Belt and Road Initiative?
A. To build only ports in all countries.
B. To strengthen infrastructure connectivity among countries.
C. To stop all trade barriers immediately.
D. To only promote cultural exchanges.
Answer: B。

解析：文章明确提到一带一路倡议的主要目标之一是加强各国之间的基础设施互联互通，如建设道路、铁路、港口和机场等，A选项说只在所有国家建设港口过于片面；C选项说立即停止所有贸易壁垒不准确；D选项说只促进文化交流也是错误的，因为还有经济等多方面的目标。

17. Which of the following is a major project under the BRI?
A. The Great Wall construction project.
B. The China - Africa Canal Project.
C. The China - Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
D. The South - North Water Transfer Project in China.
Answer: C。

解析：文章中明确指出中国- 巴基斯坦经济走廊CPEC）是一带一路倡议下的一个重大项目，A选项长城建设项目与一带一路无关；B选项中国- 非洲运河项目文章未提及；D选项中国的南水北调工程是中国国内项目，与一带一路无关。

18. How does the China - Europe Railway Express contribute to the BRI?
A. It only transports Chinese goods to Europe.
B. It lengthens the transportation time of goods.
C. It directly connects China and European countries, shortening the transportation time of goods and promoting cultural exchanges.
D. It has no impact on cultural exchanges.
Answer: C。

解析：文章提到中欧班列直接连接中国和欧洲国家，缩短了货物运输时间并促进了文化交流，A选项说只运输中国货物到欧洲是错误的；B选项说延长货物运输时间与原文相悖；D选项说对文化交流没有影响也是错误的。

19. What kind of impact does the BRI have on countries along the line in terms of economy?
A. It has brought new development opportunities, created jobs and improved local conditions.
B. It has made all countries along the line very rich immediately.
C. It has only improved energy supply conditions.
D. It has brought more trade barriers.
Answer: A。

解析：文章指出在经济方面，一带一路给沿线国家带来了新的发展机遇、创造了就业机会并改善了当地条件，B选项说让沿线所有国家立即变得非常富有是不现实的；C选项说只改善了能源供应条件过于片面；D选项说带来更多贸易壁垒与原文意思相反。

20. What is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative in international relations?
A. It weakens the cooperation between China and other countries.
B. It promotes the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and enhances mutual understanding and trust.
C. It only benefits China.
D. It creates more conflicts among countries.
Answer: B。

解析：文章强调一带一路倡议
5
<背景文章>
In the contemporary international relations, multilateralism has emerged as a significant trend. Multilateralism refers to the process of coordinating national policies in groups of three or more states. It emphasizes international cooperation, collective action, and the pursuit of common interests among multiple countries.
One of the most prominent multilateral diplomatic platforms is the United Nations (UN). The UN plays a crucial role in maintaining international peace and security. It provides a forum for countries to discuss and negotiate various issues, such as conflict resolution, climate change, and human rights protection. Through its specialized agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the UN also promotes international cooperation in specific fields. For example, during the global pandemic, the WHO coordinated the international response to the spread
of the virus, sharing information and providing technical assistance to countries around the world.
Another important platform is the G20. Comprising 19 of the world's largest economies plus the European Union, the G20 focuses on global economic governance. It addresses issues such as international trade, financial stability, and sustainable development. The G20 summits bring together leaders from different countries to discuss economic policies and promote cooperation to address global economic challenges.
However, multilateralism also faces several challenges. One major challenge is the rise of unilateralism in some countries. Some powerful countries may pursue their own interests unilaterally, ignoring the principles of multilateral cooperation. This can undermine the effectiveness of multilateral institutions and agreements. For instance, a country might withdraw from an international climate agreement, which could disrupt the global efforts to combat climate change. Additionally, differences in national interests among member states can also pose difficulties. Each country has its own economic, political, and strategic considerations, and it can be challenging to reach consensus on complex international issues.
21. What is the main idea of multilateralism according to the passage?
A. It is a process of one country dominating others.
B. It is about coordinating national policies among multiple states.
C. It aims at promoting a single country's interests.
D. It only focuses on military cooperation.
Answer: B。

解析：文章开篇明确指出Multilateralism refers to the process of coordinating national policies in groups of three or more states，所以答案为B，A选项中一个国家主导其他国家不是多边主义的概念；C选项多边主义不是旨在促进单个国家利益；D选项多边主义不只是关注军事合作。

22. Which of the following is NOT a role of the United Nations?
A. Maintaining international peace and security.
B. Promoting international cooperation in specific fields.
C. Ignoring the issues of human rights protection.
D. Providing a forum for countries to discuss issues.
Answer: C。

解析：文章提到联合国在维护国际和平与安全、提供讨论问题的论坛以及在特定领域促进国际合作等方面发挥作用，并且提到联合国关注人权保护等问题，而不是忽略人权保护，所以C选项错误。

23. What does the G20 mainly focus on?
A. Global cultural exchange.
B. Global economic governance.
C. Military cooperation among countries.
D. Environmental protection in developing countries.
Answer: B。

解析：文中明确提到the G20 focuses on global economic
governance，所以答案为B，A选项全球文化交流不是G20主要关注的；C选项军事合作不是G20的重点；D选项发展中国家的环境保护也不是G20主要关注的。

24. What is one of the challenges of multilateralism?
A. Too much emphasis on small countries' interests.
B. The lack of international cooperation platforms.
C. The rise of unilateralism in some countries.
D. The over - cooperation among countries.
Answer: C。

解析：文章指出多边主义面临的一个挑战是一些国家单边主义的抬头，C选项正确。

A选项文中未提及过于强调小国利益；B选项与文中提到的有很多合作平台相悖；D选项过度合作不是文中提到的挑战。

25. Why is it difficult to reach consensus on complex international issues?
A. Because there are no international cooperation platforms.
B. Because all countries have the same interests.
C. Because each country has its own considerations.
D. Because countries don't care about international issues.
Answer: C。

解析：文章最后提到Each country has its own economic, political, and strategic considerations, and it can be challenging to reach consensus on complex international issues，所以C选项正确，A选项与文中有很多合作平台相悖；B选项所有国家利益相同不符合实际；D
选项国家不关心国际事务文中未提及。