英语II(4)学习资料

英语II（2）学习资料
一、“大学英语（B）”考试大纲
试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试，旨在遵循网络教育应用型人才的培养目标，针对从业人员继续教育的特点，重在检验学生掌握基础知识的水平及应用能力，全面提高现代远程高等学历教育的教学质量。

“大学英语”课程是现代远程教育试点高校网络教育实行全国统一考试的部分公共基础课之一。

该课程的考试是一种基础水平检测性考试，考试合格者应达到与成人高等教育本科相应的大学英语课程要求的水平。

考试对象
教育部批准的现代远程教育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目中，自2004年3月1日（含3月1日）以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生，应参加网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试。

“大学英语（B）”考试大纲适用于除英语类和艺术类专业以外的其他专业高中起点与专科起点本科学生。

考试目标
本考试旨在全面检查现代远程教育所有专业（除英语类和艺术类专业）的学生综合运用英语听、说、读、写各项技能的基本能力。

考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识和词汇，具备运用不同的阅读和听力技巧获取信息的能力以及用英语进行口头和笔头交际的基本能力。

考试内容与要求
【语法】考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在听、说、读、写、译中较正确地加以运用。

【词汇】考生应认知3 000个单词，并熟练掌握其中的1 800个单词及其基本的搭配。

【听力】考生应能基本听懂日常生活以及社会生活中的一般性谈话，平均语速为每分钟110个单词。

考生应能：
1、理解主旨要义；
2、获取事实性的具体信息；
3、理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。

【交际能力】考生应掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语。

【阅读】考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速度为每分钟50个单词。

考生应能：
1、理解主旨要义；
2、理解文中具体信息；
3、根据上下文推测生词词义；
4、进行有关的判断、推理和引申，理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

【写作】考生应能在30分钟内写出长度不少于80词的常见应用文及一般的叙述文、说明文和议论文。

考生应能：
1、用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达；
2、基本做到内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚；
3、根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。

试卷结构与题型
考试方式与时间
考试为闭卷考试。

考试满分为100分。

考试由全国高校网络教育考试委员会组织命题，在同一时间全国统考。

考试分为五个部分，第一部分为听力，20分；第二部分为交际用语，10分；第三部分为阅读理解，30分；第四部分为词汇与结构，25分；第五部分为写作，15分。

考试时间共120分钟，其中听力部分占20分钟，交际用语部分占10分钟，阅读理解部分占30分钟，词汇与结构部分占30分钟，写作部分占30分钟。

题型示例与解答
“大学英语（B）”题型样例
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points)
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken twice. After each conversation, there will be a pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide on the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1. A. At the bank. B. At the stationer’s.
C. In a theater.
D. In a department store.
2. A. She is easy-going.
B. She is hard on her students.
C. She looks mean, but deep down she is kind.
D. She is an ill-tempered person.
3. A. He is nervous about giving lectures.
B. He lectures to a group of humorous people.
C. He gives amusing lectures.
D. He is not serious with his lectures.
.
..
（共10题）
Section B
Directions:In this section you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be spoken twice. There are five questions about the conversation. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best answer and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
11. How many new stadiums will be built in Beijing?
A. 70.
B. 17.
C. 7.
D. 71.
12. When will they start to build the first one?
A. This year.
B. Next month.
C. This month.
D. Next year.
13. What are they doing about the subway system?
A. They are extending the subway system into the suburbs.
B. They are rebuilding the subway system.
C. They are changing the subway system.
D. They are using buses instead.
14. Where are they getting the money from?
A. From the local government.
B. From foreign visitors.
C. Mostly from foreign investors.
D. From the local people.
15. How much money will be needed for the work?
A. $1.65 billion.
B. $1.65 million.
C. $ 65 million.
D. $ 6 billion.
Section C
Directions:In this section you will hear a passage. The passage will be read twice. There are five questions about the passage. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best answer and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
16. What happened to Fred one day?
A. He lost his fighting spirit.
B. He didn’t have the spirit to triumph over a crisis.
C. He lost his spirits when talking to his boss.
D. He was in a bad mood.
17. What did Fred decide to do when he was to meet his boss?
A. To put on his best clothes.
B. To play an unsuccessful part.
C. To put on a happy appearance.
D. To put on an air of innocence.
18. What principle of psychological research did Fred happen to find?
A. Avoid people when you feel depressed.
B. Acting a part can help change the way you feel.
C. Be self-assured when nothing goes wrong.
D. Smiling helps reduce anxiety or fear.
19. In the passage we hear “Look your best to increase your self-confidence”, what does the phrase “look your best” mean?
A. Put on your best clothes.
B. Be in the highest spirits.
C. Be watchful and careful.
D. Try your best to be calm.
20. How can you put the principle of psychological research to work in your own life?
A. You should smile to cheer yourself up.
B. You should relax to reduce anxiety or fear.
C. You should keep cool and increase your self-confidence in a crisis.
D. All of the above.
Part II Use of English (10 points)
Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
21. —Hello, may I talk to the headmaster now?
—______________.
A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment
B. No, you can’t
C. Sorry, you can’t
D. I don’t know
22. —Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
—______________.
A. Yes, you may borrow
B. Yes, go on
C. Yes, help yourself D . It doesn’t matter
.
.
.
30.
（共10题）
Part III Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Directions:There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Is teaching important? Well, of course it is. There was a time when the necessary knowledge could be taught to the young by family members. But as societies became more complex and division of labor more common, it was impossible for family members to teach the information and skills young people needed to become useful members of the society. As the need for specialists appeared, the job of teaching came into being in our country, and teaching as a job has been of increasing importance over the past one hundred years. Today, we have strict rules for teachers. We hope all children can go to school. Many things tell us that teaching is indeed an “important” job.
In recent years, there has been an increasing need for teachers to be “responsible”. This means that the public expects teachers to succeed in teaching important information to the young. Teachers’ salaries today, while not much, certainly are much higher than they were in the past. These increases have come about because people have realized that without enough salaries, people who have abilities will not become teachers. Today almost no one says that “anybody will do” for a teacher. The public expects “quality people” to teach the young, and progress is being made to give salaries that will make people who have abilities become teachers.
31. Before the job of teaching came into being ________.
A. family members had been responsible for the education of the young
B. specialists had been in charge of teaching young people
C. young people had to be self-educated
D. the society had played an important role in educating young people
32. The job of teaching came into being mainly because of ________.
A. the development of the society
B. the explosion of information
C. the need for engineers
D. the civilization of human beings
33. Teachers’ salaries are raised today in order to ________.
A. show the importance of teaching as a job
B. attract more qualified people to become teachers
C. make teachers “responsible” in their teaching
D. improve the quality of public teaching
34. “Anybody will do” for a teacher (in paragraph 2) means that ________.
A. almost all people want to become teachers
B. a teacher is so highly respected that people all want to help him
C. a teacher will do whatever he can for his students
D. the job of teaching is so easy that everybody can do it
35. The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A. greater progress has to be made in teaching
B. enough salaries are necessary in making “quality people” become teachers
C. it is important to be successful in teaching the young
D. teaching is a product of the society's division of labor
.Passage 2
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
Passage 3
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.（共15题）
Part IV Vocabulary and Structure (25 points)
Section A
Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
46. She gave John a present, but John gave her nothing ______.
A. in return
B. in turn
C. in advance
D. in vain
47. The reason why I did not go to the theater last night was that I could not _______ the time.
A. offer
B. leave
C. afford
D. manage
48. After a three-hour heated discussion, all the members in the jury reached the conclusion that the man was _______ of murder.
A. criminal
B. charged
C. faulty
D. guilty
49. Last year ____ of new books were published on environmental protection.
A. the hundred
B. hundreds
C. a hundred
D. one hundred
50. The grass______ many animals live is abundant here.
A. by which
B. with which
C. on which
D. of which
.
.
60.
（共15题）
Section B
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Television broadcasts are limited to an area that is within the ___61__ of the sending station or its relay. ___62__ television relays are often placed on hills and mountains so that they can ___63___ a wider region, they still can not cover as much as people expect.
However, the rays also go out into the atmosphere. __64___ there is a relay station on a satellite that revolves around the earth, it can send the pictures to any point on the earth from which the satellite can be __65___. Three satellites periodically turning around over the equator will send __66___ television program to any part of the earth. This makes it possible for world ___67__ of newspapers to give the news in all countries at the same time. Someday it may be possible for a subscriber to a televised newspaper to press a button and see a newspaper page __68___ his television screen. He could also decide when he wants the page __69___. Moreover, by dialing different numbers such as __70___ on a telephone dial, he could choose the language or the edition of the paper he wants to read.
61. A. range B. view C. miles D. distance
62. A. Even B. Although C. Unless D. Whenever
63. A. cover B. spread C. help D. pass
64. A. Then B. Therefore C. So D. If
65. A. watched B. seen C. spotted D. protected
66. A. one B. all C. some D. any
67. A. population B. editions C. articles D. reports
68. A. at B. in C. on D. by
69. A. turn B. to turn C. turning D. to be turned
70. A. what B. these C. those D. ones
Part V Writing (15 points)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an E-mail to contact one of your former classmates. You should write at least 80 words, and base your E-mail on the Chinese outline below:
1. 了解对方毕业后的情况
2. 你的近况
3. 邀请对方方便时来访
听力原文及参考答案
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: I’d like to cash a check.
M: Sure. Don’t you have an account here?
Question: Where does this conversation most probable take place?
2. W: I’m always nervous when I’m around the teacher.
M: Me, too. I believe she is strict with us.
Question: How do the students think of their teacher?
3. W: Professor Philips seems serious.
M: But his lectures are quite humorous, aren't they?
Question: What does the man think about Professor Philips?
1. A
2. B
3. C
Section B
A: So, they are holding the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.
B: Yes, I read about it yesterday. I read that they are building 17 new stadiums—they are starting the first one next year and they are extending the subway system into the suburbs. The dates for the work are already fixed.
A: Interesting! What else did you read?
B: They are going to build new motorways, but they haven’t announced when yet. They are going to change Beijing a lot from when we were there.
A: Where are they getting the money from?
B: Foreign investors, mainly. They are opening the bidding for most of the contracts next month.
A: How much will they need?
B: I read yesterday it will cost $1.65 billion.
A: But I suppose it will create a lot of new jobs.
11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A
Section C
Fred was in low spirits one day. He usually dealt with this state of mind by avoiding people until the mood passed. But on this day Fred had an important meeting with his boss, so he decided to put on a happy look. During the meeting Fred smiled, joked and played the part of a happy, good-natured person. To his surprise, he soon discovered he was no longer depressed.
Without realizing it, Fred happened to find an important new principle of psychological research: Acting a part can help us feel more self-confident and cheerful when things go wrong.
How can you put this principle to work in your own life? There’s more involved than a few simple expressions. You have to be systematic about it. The following is what you should follow.
Smile to cheer yourself up.
Relax to reduce anxiety or fear.
Look your best to increase your self-confidence.
Keep cool in a crisis.
Using our bodies and actions to change our ways of feeling can be a useful tool in helping us through life's difficult times.
16. D 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. D
Part II Use of English
21. A 22. C
Part III Reading Comprehension
31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
Part IV Vocabulary and Structure
Section A
46. A 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. C
Section B
61. A 62. B 63. A 64. D 65. B
66. D 67. D 68. C 69. D 70. C
Part V Writing
（略）
作文评分标准
《大学英语》B的作文考试评卷原则是在整体评阅的基础上给出印象分，此印象分以奖励给分，不是按错扣分。

评分按档次进行，即1~3分，4~6分，7~9分，10~12分，13~15分五个档次。

各个档次的具体描述如下：
13~15分：扣题，语言流畅，用词丰富，篇章结构感强，语法正确，只有个别小错。

10~12分：扣题，语言通顺，用词较丰富，段与段之间有较好的过度，语法基本正确，有些语病。

7~9分：基本扣题，语言基本正确，用词有一定变化，文中错误较多，有个别为严重错误。

4~6分：语言基本功差，文章中中国式英语表达居多，用词贫乏，语法错误相当多，有多处严重错误。

1~3分：语言支离破碎，绝大部分句子无法理解，严重错误很多。

Answer Sheet
Part I Listening Comprehension: (20 points, one point each)
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D 8. A B C D 9. A B C D
10. A B C D 11. A B C D 12. A B C D
13. A B C D 14. A B C D 15. A B C D
16. A B C D 17. A B C D 18. A B C D
19. A B C D 20. A B C D
Part II Use of English: (10 points, one point each)
21. A B C D 22. A B C D 23. A B C D
24. A B C D 25. A B C D 26. A B C D
27. A B C D 28. A B C D 29. A B C D
30. A B C D
Part III Reading Comprehension: (30 points, two points each)
31. A B C D 32. A B C D 33. A B C D
34. A B C D 35. A B C D 36. A B C D
37. A B C D 38. A B C D 39. A B C D
40. A B C D 41. A B C D 42. A B C D
43. A B C D 44. A B C D 45. A B C D
Part IV Vocabulary and Structure (25 points, one point each)
46. A B C D 47. A B C D 48. A B C D
49. A B C D 50. A B C D 51. A B C D
52. A B C D 53. A B C D 54. A B C D
55. A B C D 56. A B C D 57. A B C D
58. A B C D 59. A B C D 60. A B C D
61. A B C D 62. A B C D 63. A B C D
64. A B C D 65. A B C D 66. A B C D
67. A B C D 68. A B C D 69. A B C D
70. A B C D
Part V Writing （15 points）
二、各部分解题技巧
（一）听力理解
1、测试要点
听力测试的主要形式有：对话理解，短文理解。

对话理解是考查学生在一定语境或情景中所表现出的快速反应、推理判断能力；短文理解则是在此基础上考查学生对一个结构比较完整，意义相对连贯的语段的理解能力，是一种高层次、有难度的听力测试形式。

英语听力考试的测试点包括：
（1）理解对话的主旨大意
例如：What’s the man doing？
A. He’s working in a hotel.
B. He’s visiting a young p eople.
C. He’s traveling around.
此听力的原文为：
W: So，how long have you been here？
M: Just a couple of days, actually, I am on a big journey. You know, I’m visiting all the places of interest here.
本题是一位男子谈论到此地的各个名胜观光的情况，其中的a big journey、visiting和places of interest here是这位男子谈话的关键，因此，考生若对此进行归纳判断就会马上明白此谈话的主旨大意，选出答案C。

（2）获取对话中具体信息
为了说明和解释主旨，对话或独白中需要一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、年代、价钱等，这些信息对理解对话，把握对话主旨是不可缺少的内容，且在试题中占相当大的比例。

这类题要求学生在听清，听懂信息的同时，还要对所听到的信息做简单的处理。

有的也需要考生进行简单的计算。

（3）推断对话发生的背景、地点及对话者之间的关系
对对话背景、地点、对话者之间关系的理解程度，体现了一个人对口语的理解能力。

（4）理解领会对话的观点、态度及意图
这类考题要求考生不但能理解录音原文的主旨大意，而且还要通过文中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等，这类题能测试出考生在听力方面的综合素质。

2、培养良好的听力习惯，掌握正确的答题技巧
多听是提高听力的前提，但如何去听，如何获得准确的信息，则就不是多听听能解决的问题了。

多听是增强语感，提高听力之本，若再加上正确的听力方法，掌握必要的技巧及对策，则可获得事半功倍的效果。

（1）利用听录音前的时间，迅速地捕捉每个小题题干选项所提供的信息，预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容，这样听录音材料时就有的放矢，有所侧重，能提高答题的准确率。

（2）克服犹豫不决的毛病，对自己有把握的试题应快速作答，对无把握的试题也要在所听信息的基础上排除错误选项，进行优化处理。

不会作答的，立即暂时搁置，准备听新的题目。

（3）目前听力测试中短文理解大部分是记叙文或讲话稿，所以听录音时重在听懂每句话的意思和内涵，注意捕捉文中所涉及的人物(who)、事件(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(why)、方式(how)、程度(how long，how soon，how much)、数字(how many／how much)、选择(which…)等，以便检查答案。

（4）注意听短文的首句和首段，文章的首句和首段，往往是对短文内容的概括，如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。

（5）不管听什么材料，注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上，千万不能只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清时马上放弃，不要强迫自己听清每一个词，要把重点放在听关键词即实词上，一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下来。

（二）交际用语
1、测试目标
交际用语练习采用补全对话形式练习，是使用书面形式考查学生运用口语进行交际能力的测试方法。

此题设置的目的在于考查学生所具有的在一定语言环境中把语言知识转化为语言技能，并使这种技能发展为语言的交际能力和语言的衔接能力。

该题型能最大程度地增强学生的语感，既能提高学生用口语进行交际的能力，也是提高学生阅读理解能力的一个好题型。

2、题型特点
交际用语题为自由应答题。

本题向考生提供一段不完整的对话，对话中只有一个人的讲话而缺少另一个人的讲话的全部或一部分。

这些句子与上下文有密切联系，可以从上下文中推测出来。

要求学生在通读对话全文，充分理解谈话内容的基础上，根据试题说明中交代的背景和情节，把缺少的部分补写出来，使对话意思通顺，前后连贯，同时符合英美人口头交际习惯。

3、考查重点
（1）考查考生对整段话的理解。

（2）考查学生对整段对话上下文之间逻辑关系的理解。

（3）考查学生的英语交际能力。

4、考查对策
（1）考生要掌握对话的主旨、大意和中心思想。

（2）考生理解对话上下文之间的逻辑关系。

（3）要注意对话所处的情景：在什么时候，对什么人讲话，谈什么内容。

（4）既要理解对话中的表面意思，也要理解其深层含义，包括谈话双方的态度、意图等。

（5）根据对话中提供的信息，结合生活中和学习中的常识进行推理和判断。

（6）考生除应掌握必要的词汇、语法知识外，还要熟悉英语中有关日常生活的某些表达方式，如：问候、告别、介绍、感谢、道歉、邀请、提议、命令、请求、愿意与否等。

5、解题方法
（1）略读全文，把握大意。

考生在做题时，首先应略读全文，了解双方在谈论什么。

双方总是围绕某个话题，各抒己见，或赞同或反对，有问有答，一来一往。

考生在弄清谈话的主要内容后，在头脑中形成整个对话的语篇框架，为下一步推理奠定基础。

切忌不通读全文边看边做，这势必脱离语境，造成理解偏差，导致答题不当。

（2）综合考虑，补写答案。

对话过程是思想交流的过程，在解答交际用语题时，至关重要的是要把握对话双方在谈话时的思想发展过程及其表现形式。

掌握对话的开始与结尾很重要，而对话中间则是思想交流的高潮发展过程。

在对答过程中要掌握深层次语意的连贯，就是要注意上下句的有机结合，根据短文空缺处的行文需要，联系相关的交际要点，特别要注意说英语国家的文化习俗，表达方式，不同场合使用的日常用语，从语言意义、语感、语境、行文逻辑、承上启下各方面综合考虑，将自己认为最合适的句子填写在空白处，使整个对话语意通畅，合乎情理。

（3）重读对话，调整答案。

做完题目后，将对话和答案认真通读一遍，根据句意、逻辑关系、习惯表达、语境，检查所填答案是否准确表达了对话者的思想情感，主题思想是否明确，对话发展过程是否合乎情理，全文是否完成了对话者的表达意图。

发现错误，立即纠正。

6、注意事项及范例
（1）要以交际为目的，根据不同的情景或场合来发言，而不仅仅是根据语法规则来发言。

（2）必须设身处地，把自己作为参加对话的人，找出对话的主题，注意对话双方的身份、地位、意图、交际活动的时间、地点和场合。

（3）从对话的上下文中猜出题中所缺的词句。

范例：
—Moria: Oh, Jean, are you going to the post office?
—Jean: Yes, I am.
—Moria: Would you mind mailing these letters for me?
—Jean: ________
—Moria: Thanks a lot.
A. Not at all.
B. You’re welcome.
C. It doesn’t matter.
D. Yes, I’d like to.
（三）阅读理解
1、解题指导
阅读理解题是一种综合性的技能测试，它不仅要求考生具有较强的理解能力，还要求考生要有一定的阅读速度。

而通常影响阅读理解的主要有三大因素：词汇量、语法知识、背景知识。

学生有时反映最大困难是词汇量太少，其直接后果是感觉时间太紧，答不完试卷。

对于后两项也是弱项的考生来说就更困难了。

考生要在这一项上取得高分，除了要在词汇量、语法知识、背景知识三个方面多下功夫外，还必须学会掌握一些最基本的阅读技能，了解这部分试题的基本设计思路及解题方法和技巧。

阅读理解一般包括三篇短文，总阅读量不超过900个词。

每篇短文后设5个问题，每题2分，共30分。

所选短文内容包括人物传记、热门话题、社会、文化、日常知识、科普常识等。

阅读理解题要求考生读后能掌握文章的主旨大意，了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节，并根据所读内容进行一定的判断和推论。

2、阅读技巧
根据不同的阅读目的，可以采用不同的阅读方法，或称阅读技巧。

一般来说，阅读方法有略读、寻读和细读三种。

（1）略读（Skimming）
“略读”又称“浏览”，是指跳过细节，跳过不重要的描述与例子，进行快速阅读以求抓住文章的大意和主题思想的方法。

阅读时速度要快，一般来说，250字左右的短文应在二、三分钟之内看完。

略读时精力必须十分集中，不要去记忆细节，遇到个别生词或难懂的词句均可略过，以求对全文总体意思的了解。

为了更好地抓住全文的中心思想，略读时要特别注意文章的起始段和
结束段以及文章中每一段的首句和结尾句，因为它们往往是对文章内容最好的概括。

（2）寻读（Scanning）
寻读是快速寻找某一特殊信息的阅读方法。

它的目的非常明确，即找到所需要的信息。

日常生活中我们对这一方法并不陌生。

例如从人群中找出你认识的朋友，从货架上找出你想购买的商品，在书架上寻找一本你要找的书，从一本指南中找出某个单位的地址等，都是利用这种方法。

在寻读时，目光要自上而下，一目数行地寻视与答题相关的词句，与此无关的内容要很快掠过。

当回答who，when，where等有关文章细节时，我们用这种方法很快就能找到答案。

（3）细读（Reading for full understanding）
细读是在找到文章中的有关部分以后，在此范围内逐句阅读，特别要对关键词、句仔细琢磨，以便对其有比较深刻、准确的理解。

不仅要理解其字面意思，还要通过推理和判断，弄清文章中字里行间所隐含的意思。

在细读的过程中，对没有学过的生词，可根据上下文的背景知识来推测其词义；对难以看懂的长句，可借助语法手段，对其加以分析，以达到正确理解的目的。

总之，在阅读一篇文章的过程中，我们应根据不同的要求，采用不同的阅读方法，对有些阅读理解问题知其大意即可，另一些需要寻读，而少数则需要细心推敲。

在考试中我们应当充分利用以上三种阅读方法，即用“略读”法浏览全文，以求抓住文章的大意和主题思想。

在此基础上根据问题的要求，采用寻读或细读的方法来解答问题。

3、主要测试题型及答题技巧
（1）主题思想题
在考试中出现的频率较高，因为这类题可考查考生抓主要信息的能力，而能够抓住文章的主要信息又是阅读能力的一个极为重要的方面。

这类题在设题时常会用到title，subject，main idea，topic，theme等词。

常见的提问形式有以下几种：What is the main idea of the passage?
Which of the following would be the best title?
What’s the best title for the passage?
The main idea of the passage is that ________.
This passage tells us ________.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
做这类题时常用略读法，把注意力放在抓主要信息上，不去过分注意细节事实，否则会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的结果。

通常的办法是，快速阅读文章时注意找出各段主题句。

英文文章各段主题句常放在段首，有时也放在段尾或段落中间，有时不明确写出，通读文章后把各段主题句联系起来，一般就能得出文章主题。

就整篇文章来讲，首段和尾段一般对于解这类题更为重要。

例如：
How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child—things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong.
When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.
文章后面第四个问题是：
The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains
B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard
C. childhood is the most enjoyable time in one’s life
D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life
文章的第一段讲的是人们常听说孩子们盼着长大成人，老年人则希望返老还童。

人生的每个阶段总是欢乐伴着苦恼，而最幸福的人则是那些既享受人生每一阶段所带来的欢乐，又没有因虚度年华而终生后悔的人。

第二段讲述了一个人儿童时代的欢乐与苦恼，第三段则告诉读者青年人的责任与义务，机遇和挑战。

从以上三段文字来看，第一段中第二句即是主题句，所以我们应选D为正确答案。

（2）主要事实和细节题
就是我们平时所说的由who，what，where，when，why，which，how引出的问题。

这是极为常见的阅读理解题。

这类题主要是针对论证支持主题的事实或例证设题，可能涉及数学计算、概念理解以及是非判断等。

这类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行细读，找出问题答案。

这类题提问的形式多种多样，常见的有以下几种：
Which of the following (statements) is Not mentioned in the passage?
According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?。