2019年北京高考英语试题解析

2019年北京高考英语试题解析
A
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice) my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?”She handed me advice. “Be yourself.”For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___2___(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】1. voiced 2. facing 3. myself
这是一篇记叙文。

作者在一年级的第一天，对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议Be yourself（做自己）让作者受益良多。

【1解析】
考查时态。

句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。

叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去时。

故填voiced。

【2解析】
考查非谓语动词。

句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。

分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。

故填facing。

【3解析】
考查代词。

句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。

本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。

故填myself。

B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Earth Day, ___4___(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【答案】4. marked
5. in
6. activities
这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。

【4解析】
考查非谓语动词。

句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。

分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。

故填marked。

5解析】
考查介词。

句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。

如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。

在年份前要用介词in。

故填in。

【6解析】
考查名词。

句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。

根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。

故填activities。

C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question ___7___(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning) college experience.
【答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested
8. where 9. who/that
10. meaningful
这是一篇说明文。

研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。

所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。

【7解析】
考查时态。

句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。

这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。

【8解析】
考查宾语从句。

句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。

这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。

故用where。

【9解析】
考查定语从句。

句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。

___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。

【10解析】
考查形容词。

这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。

故填meaningful。

第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分)
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure
low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been ___11___ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started ___12___ his car to the young people. Wilson has ___13___ an astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous ___14___ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he’s ___15___ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students ___16___ call him “Grandpa”.
Tina Stern ___17___ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the
trips meant much more to her than just free ___18___. “It’s not just a ride; you’re not just sitting there in ___19___ silence or with your headphones on.”Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually ____20____ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll ____21____ those things.”
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the ____22____ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes
____23____ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to ____24____ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never ____25____ to buy them a meal. For many students,Wilson’s help is not only appreciated, it’s also entirely ____26____ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others have to ____27____ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has ____28____ them to complete their education —but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the
____29____. “I just love driving and I love these kids, ”Wilson said. “It’s such a(n) ____30____ to be a part of these kids’lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.”
11. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing
12. A. donating B. lending C. delivering D. volunteering
13. A. paved B. covered C. measured D. wandered
14. A. arguments B. interviews C. negotiations D. conversations
15. A. met B. driven C. addressed D. greeted
16. A. even B. ever C. once D. already
17. A. earned B. received C. assessed D. demanded
18. A. transportation B. style C. time D. communication
19. A. forced B. awkward C. ridiculous D. suspicious
20. A. selects B. recites C. guesses D. remembers
21. A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on
22. A. club B. league C. college D. programme
23. A. far B. around C. beyond D.
forwards
24. A. assist B. watch C. urge D. warn
25. A. expects B. attempts C. manages D. hesitates
26. A. extra B. unusual C. necessary D. adequate
27. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange
28. A. required B. allowed C. reminded D. convinced
29. A. experience B. arrangement C. appreciation D. employment
30. A. effort B. ambition C. privilege D. convenience
【答案】11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19.
B 20. D 21.
C 22.
D 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28.
B 29. A 30. C
这是一篇记叙文。

文章叙述了76岁的Paul Wilson八年来一直免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。

【11解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. linking连接；B. sending寄送；C. offering提供；D. distributing分配。

根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。

由此可以推知，该句
应指：Wilson给那些学生提供免费的乘车服务。

故C选项正确。

【12解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. donating捐献，捐赠；B. lending借出；C. delivering发表，投递；
D. volunteering自愿。

根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。

故D选项正确。

【13解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. paved铺设，安排；B. covered行走，覆盖；C. measured测量，判断；
D. wandered徘徊，漫步。

Wilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64,000英里。

表示“行走一段路程”，应用cover。

故B选项正确。

【14解析】
考查名词辨析。

A. arguments争论；B. interviews接见，采访；C. negotiations谈判；
D. conversations谈话。

Wilson在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间有愉快幽默的“谈话，交谈”，故D选项正确。

【15解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. met遇见；B. driven驾车，开车；C. addressed演说；演讲；向……说话；D. greeted问候，迎接。

根据上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。

该空应该对应上一句中的“he transports to and from school”，drive意为“驾车送（人）”。

故B选项正确。

16解析】
考查副词辨析。

A. even甚至；B. ever永远，曾经；C. once一次，曾经；D. already已经。

这些学生将Wilson当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷”。

该空表示递进，故A选项正确。

【17解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. earned赚得；B. received接受；C. assessed评估；D. demanded要求。

根据后面的介词from可以推知，Tina Stern从Wilson那儿收到免费的乘车机会。

故B选项正确。

【18解析】
考查名词辨析。

A. transportation运输，运送；B. style风格，类型；C. time时间，次数；
D. communication交流。

对Tina Stern来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。

故A 选项正确。

【19解析】
考查形容词辨析。

A. forced强迫的；B. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的；C. ridiculous可笑的；
D. suspicious可疑的，怀疑的。

Tina说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。

你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。

”坐在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。

故B选项正确。

【20解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. selects选择；B. recites背诵；C. guesses猜测；D. remembers记住，记得。

每次坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。

故D选项正确。

【21解析】
考查动词短语辨析。

A. act on对……起作用；B. settle on定居，决定；C. check on检查，核实；D. agree on对……取得一致意见。

在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。

下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，Wilson会检查上次提到的这些东西。

该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。

故C选项正确。

【22解析】
考查名词辨析。

A. club俱乐部；B. league联盟，社团；C. college大学；D. programme 项目，计划。

Wilson最初通过一个非盈利组织On Point for College的一个项目作了一名司机。

该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。

根据上句中的“student-support programme”可知，D选项正确。

【23解析】
考查副词辨析。

A. far远地；B. around到处；C. beyond更远处，超过；D. forwards向前。

结合下文中提到的“If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to ____ them. If they run out of…If a student gets hungry…”可知，Wilson的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。

故C选项正确。

【24解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. assist帮助；B. watch观看；C. urge强烈要求；D. warn警告。

如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson会去帮助他们（解决相关的问题）。

故A选项正确。

【25解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. expects期望；B. attempts试图；C. manages经营，设法；D. hesitates 犹豫。

从上文举的例子可知，该部分都表达的是Wilson对孩子们的帮助。

因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。

故D选项正确。

【26解析】
考查形容词辨析。

A. extra额外的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. necessary必需的；D. adequate 充足的，适当的。

根据下文中“Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others…For them, riding with Wilson has ____ them to complete their education”可以推知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐Wilson的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必需的。

故C选项正确。

【27解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. share分享；B. fuel加燃料；C. repair修理；D. exchange交换。

有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。

表示“共用”，需用share。

故A选项正确。

【28解析】
考查动词辨析。

A. required需要；B. allowed允许；C. reminded提醒，使想起；D. convinced说服，使信服。

乘坐Wilson的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。

表示“允许某人做某事，使某人能够做某事”应该用allow sb. to do sth.。

故B选项正确。

【29解析】
考查名词辨析。

A. experience经历，经验；B. arrangement安排；C. appreciation欣赏，感激；D. employment雇用，使用。

Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。

A选项正确。

【30解析】
考查名词辨析。

A. effort努力；B. ambition雄心，志向；C. privilege荣幸，特权，优待；
D. convenience方便，便利。

Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。

在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的“荣幸”，故C选项正确。

第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，40分)
A
Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile
at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA). Whatever stage of life you’re at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.
Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends.
This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.
Find out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website:
Email:humanresources@
31. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?
A. To seek local partners.
B. To take in young volunteers.
C. To carry out programmes.
D. To foster cultural awareness.
32. The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.
A. Egypt
B. Algeria
C. Kenya
D. South Africa
33. The shared goal of GDA’s projects to ________.
A. explore new cultures
B. protect the environment
C. gain corporate benefit
D. help communities in need 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. D
本文是一则广告。

Global Development Association(GDA)致力于积极的改变贫穷和偏远
的社区，在这里能探索新的文化，结识新朋友，同时做一些有价值的事。

文章为GDA招募志愿者并介绍了今年夏天的具体项目。

【31解析】
细节理解题。

题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。

根据第三段中Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase ...,or help to project....You might also design...可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。

故选C。

【32解析】
细节理解题。

题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。

根据这个表格中4-week programmes中的最后一个South Africa 2 Aug—29 Aug，可知八月在南非开始，答案选D。

【33解析】
细节理解题。

题干问GDA的所有项目的共同目的是什么。

根据第一段you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community.和倒数第二段中All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的社区。

故选D。

B
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’teeth,
instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?”With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a
clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
34. How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?
A. She argued with him.
B. She tried to find a way out.
C. She paid no attention.
D. She chose to consult dentists.
35. What is special about CanCandy?
A. It is beneficial to dental health.
B. It is free of sweeteners.
C. It is sweeter than other candies.
D. It is produced to a dentists’recipe.
36. What does Moore expect from her business?
A. To earn more money.
B. To help others find smiles.
C. To make herself stand out.
D. To beat other candy companies.
37. What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story?
A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C. Positive thinking and action result in success.
D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied
【答案】34. B 35. A 36. B 37. C
这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了Alice Moore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。

【34解析】
推理判断题。

根据第二段的But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?”及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路，解决问题。

故选B。

【35解析】
细节理解题。

根据第三段的Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.可知，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙齿有利。

故选A。

【36解析】
细节理解题。

根据最后一段的Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.可知，Moore想用她独特的才能帮助其他人找到自己的笑容。

故选B。

【37解析】
推理判断题。

文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题。

因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。

故选C。

C
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to
pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming”your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be
the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A. Panicked.
B. Confused.
C. Embarrassed.
D. Disappointed.
39. T aking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.
A. aim at victims precisely
B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly
D. spread information widely
40. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
【答案】38. D 39. A 40. B 41. C
这是一篇说明文。

文章指出语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要电话运营商和消费者共同努力。

【38解析】
推理判断题。

根据第一段中的We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可知，我们认识到了问题的严重性，支持和开发了旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，。

不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。

在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。

由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。

故D选项正确。

【39解析】
细节理解题。

根据第三段中的The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s
name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming”your address, mother’s name, and card number.可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。

长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。

有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。

根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。

故A选项正确。

【40解析】
推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。

由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。

根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。

由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的影响，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。

故B选项正确。

【41解析】
主旨大意题。

第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话：自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。

第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。

第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更
加严重。

最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。

综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。

下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。

故C选项适合作标题。

D
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little
phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.”Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,”Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
43. What does the underlined word “vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive.
B. Beneficial.
C. Significant.
D. Unnoticeable.
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
【答案】42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C
本文为一篇说明文。

一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。

这一现象的原因是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案，现在浮游植物受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，让浮游植物的生长更加旺盛，所以海洋相应会变得更蓝、更绿。

【42解析】
主旨大意题。

根据第一段By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.可知，一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。

结合第二段At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean
surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。

海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。

由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。

故选B 。

【43解析】
猜测词义题。

根据划线词后的
Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。

由此可判断，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，也就是很敏感。

故A 项正确。

【44解析】
推理判断题。

根据第四段The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.可知，Dutkiewicz 的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。

但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。

由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。

故D 项正确。

【45解析】
主旨大意题。

第一段提出文章的主旨By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world ’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new
study.可知，一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，接下来详细讲述了原因。

故C项正确。

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. _____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?
___47___They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. ______48______In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,。