广西2018届高三理综下学期4月考前模拟联合试题
2018年广西高考生物模拟试卷(4月份)(J)
2018年广西高考生物模拟试卷（4月份）(J)副标题一、单选题（本大题共6小题，共6.0分）1.下列有关肽键的叙述错误的是（）A. 蛋白质中的肽键数等于或小于脱水缩合过程中的氨基酸数B. 含肽键的物质都可与双缩脲试剂发生作用，产生紫色反应C. 核糖体上可形成肽键，溶酶体内可发生肽键的水解D. 肽键的元素组成为C．H．O．N，其牢固程度与碳碳双键紧密相关【答案】D【解析】解：A、当构成蛋白质的肽链均为环状肽链时、其含有的肽键数等于脱水缩合过程中的氨基酸数，当构成蛋白质的肽链含有链状肽链时、其含有的肽键数小于脱水缩合过程中的氨基酸数，A正确；B、肽键可与双缩脲试剂发生作用而产生紫色络合物，B正确；C、肽键是氨基酸脱水缩合过程中产生的、氨基酸脱水缩合的场所是核糖体，溶酶体可将蛋白质水解、蛋白质水解过程中会发生肽键的断裂，C正确；D、肽键的结构式是-CO-NH-，肽键中不含有碳碳双键，D错误。
故选：D。
1、构成蛋白质的基本单位是氨基酸，每种氨基酸分子至少都含有一个氨基和一个羧基，且都有一个氨基和一个羧基连接在同一个碳原子上，这个碳原子还连接一个氢和一个R 基，氨基酸的不同在于R基的不同．2、氨基酸在核糖体中通过脱水缩合形成多肽链，而脱水缩合是指一个氨基酸分子的羧基（-COOH）和另一个氨基酸分子的氨基（-NH2）相连接，同时脱去一分子水的过程；连接两个氨基酸的化学键是肽键，其结构式是-CO-NH-；氨基酸形成多肽过程中的相关计算：肽键数=脱去水分子数=氨基酸数一链状肽链数．3、蛋白质中含有肽键，可与双缩脲试剂作用产生紫色反应．本题考查蛋白质的合成--氨基酸脱水缩合的知识，考生识记氨基酸的结构通式，明确氨基酸脱水缩合的过程和实质是解题的关键．2.以紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞作为观察植物细胞质壁分离和复原实验的材料，下列说法正确的是（）A. 正在发生质壁分离的细胞，其吸水能力逐渐减弱B. 正在发生质壁分离的细胞，其紫色区域逐渐缩小，该区域颜色逐渐变深C. 发生质壁分离后完全复原的细胞，其细胞液浓度最终与外界溶液浓度相同D. 该实验不选择紫色洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞作材料，是由于该类细胞不能发生质壁分离【答案】B【解析】解：A、正在发生质壁分离的细胞，其吸水能力逐渐增强，A错误；B、质壁分离的细胞，其紫色区域逐渐缩小，细胞液浓度越来越大，该区域颜色逐渐变深，B正确；C、质壁分离后完全复原的细胞，其细胞液浓度有可能比外界溶液小，C错误；D、不选择紫色洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞作材料，是由于该类细胞质壁分离不明显，D错误。
广西2018届高三下学期第二次模拟理科综合生物试题(原卷版)
广西2018届高三下学期第二次模拟理科综合生物试题一、选择题1.下列关于人体成熟的红细胞的叙述，正确的是A. 其细胞膜的主要组成成分是脂质和蛋白质B. 能够吸收氧气，并利用氧与NADH结合产生水C. 具有核糖体，核糖体合成的血红蛋白参与氧气的运输D. 没有细胞核，能通过无丝分裂的方式进行细胞增殖2.下列关于线粒体和叶绿体的叙述，错误的是A. 细胞分化后，不同类型的植物细胞中线粒体和叶绿体的数量可能不同B. 葡萄糖在叶绿体中合成，其分解产物能在线粒体中被彻底氧化分解C. 叶绿体和线粒体中的基因都能转录生成mRNAD. 细胞吸收离子物质所需的能量可来自线粒体和叶绿体3.下列有关生物学实验的叙述，错误的是A. 用台盼蓝染液对酵母菌细胞进行染色，可鉴别酵母菌细胞是否有活性B. 可通过观察根尖分生区细胞中染色体的数量和形态来判断有丝分裂的各时期C. 在注射R型菌与经高温处理的S型菌的混合物后，老鼠死亡，证明了转化因子的存在D. 温特实验证明了燕麦胚芽鞘尖端产生了吲哚乙酸，从而影响胚芽鞘下部向光弯曲生长4.下列关于内环境稳态及调节的叙述，错误的是A. 人体组织液可不断地生成与回流，并保持动态平衡B. 若饮食过咸会引起机体细胞内液的量不断增多C. 细胞外液中一定浓度的K+有利于维持神经元的静息电位D. 免疫系统能消灭入侵的病原体，也能清除体内癌变的细胞5.下图表示中心法则，下列有关叙述正确的是A. 过程①〜⑦都会在人体的遗传信息传递时发生B. 人体细胞内的过程③主要发生在细胞核中，产物都是mRNAC. 过程③存在A—U、C—G、T—A三种碱基配对方式D. 过程⑤有半保留复制的特点，过程⑥发生在核糖体上6.下列有关生物变异和育种的叙述，正确的是A. 单倍体育种的目的是获得茎杆粗壮、营养丰富的植株B. 杂交育种可将优良性状从一个物种转移到另一个物种C. 秋水仙素在单倍体育种和多倍体育种过程中的作用相同D. 诱变育种能定向改变生物的性状，获得人们所需的品种二、非选择题7.下图甲表示某植物叶肉细胞中进行的光合作用和细胞呼吸的部分过程，其中①—⑥表示不同的生理过程，C3在不同代谢过程中表示不同的化合物；图乙表示在不同光照条件下，该植物叶肉细胞的光合作用随时间变化的放氧曲线。
广西桂林市、百色市、崇左市2018届高三联合模拟考试理科综合试卷
208年高考桂林市、百色市、崇左市三市联合模拟考试理科综合能力测试可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Mg-24 AI-27 Cl-35.5 Cu-64 I-127第I卷(远择题共126分)一、选择题:本题共13小题,每小题6分,共78分。
在在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.下列有关细胞的说法正确的是A.大肠杆菌的细胞膜、线粒体的内外膜、高尔基体膜都属于生物膜系统B.人体心肌细胞与神经细胞都具有细胞周期C.有氧呼吸过程中出现的[H]和光合作用产生的[H]是同一种物质D.细胞表面积与体积的关系限制了细胞的长大2.下列关于实验的相关叙述中,错误的是:A.双缩脲试剂A液、B液与斐林试剂甲液、乙液组成成分相同,但浓度和使用方法不相同B.在用绿叶中色素的提取液作为吸光度测定实验时,所设置的对照组应用蒸馏水作为对照溶液。
C.洋葱鱗片叶细胞在发生质壁分离复原时,细胞的吸水能力逐渐降低D.盐酸能够使染色质中的DNA与蛋白质分离,有利于DNA与染色剂结合3.下列有关生物变异和进化的叙述,正确的是:A,若某小鼠发生基因突变,就说明该小鼠发生了进化B.人类猫叫综合征与21三体综合征的机理均为染色体结构变异C.基因重组是指在生物体进行有性生殖过程中,控制不同性状的基因的重新组合D.用二倍体西瓜给四倍体西瓜授粉,则四倍体植株上结出的西瓜是三倍体无子西瓜4.水杨酸是植物体内一种重要的内源激素,能诱导植物体内产生某些与抗病有关的蛋白质,提高抗病能力。
为探究水杨酸对不同品系(YTA、YTB)水稻幼苗叶片中蛋白质含量的影响,研究人员完成了相关实验,其结果如图所示。
下列分析错误的是A.水杨酸作用效果与水杨酸浓度和处理时间有关B.水杨酸的主要作用是催化抗性蛋白的合成C.在实验处理浓度范围内,品系YTB对水杨酸的浓度变化更敏感D.水杨酸对YTB水稻幼苗叶片蛋白质合成的作用具有两重性5.下列相关人和动植物的生命活动调节叙述正确的是A.人体细胞外液渗透压的90%以上来源于Na+和Cl-B.相邻的两个神经元之间可以通过突触直接接触C.温特在1928年通过对燕麦的实验证明了生长素的化学本质就是吲哚乙酸D.寒冷时,下丘脑会分泌较多的促甲状腺激素释放激素,直接促进甲状腺的活动来调节体温6.下列有关生态系统的说法中,错误的是:A.“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念深刻揭示了经济发展和生态环境保护的关系,也反映了生态系统中生物多样性的间接价值和直接价值B.封山育林、治理沙漠体现了人类活动可以改变群落演替的方向和速度C.湖泊中的群落区别于森林中群落的重要特征是群落的物种组成D.生物多样性的形成过程就是新物种不断形成的过程7.下列说法中正确的是A.石油液化气汽油、地沟油加工制成的生物柴油都是碳氢化合物B.铜盐有毒,主要是因为铜离子能与蛋白质反应,使蛋白质变性C.聚乙烯塑料可用于食品包装,该塑料的老化是因为发生加成反应D.医用酒精和葡萄糖注射液可用丁达尔效应区分8.设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法中正确的是A.28g乙烯所含的共用电子对数目为2N AB.133.5 AlCl3晶体含有的粒子数日为4N AC.0. 1mol CI2与足量石灰乳反应,转移电子的数目为0.2N AD.4.6gNO2和N2O4组成的混合气体含有的氧原子数日为0.2N A9.下列关于有机物的叙述正确的是A.酸性高锰酸钾溶液可以检验出苯和乙醇的混合液中的乙醇B.与NaOH溶液反应且分子式为C2H4O2的有机物一定是乙酸C.丙烯分子中可能有8个原子共处于同一平面D.甲苯的一氯代物有3种10.根据下列实验操作和现象得出的结论正确的是11.用镁一次氯酸钠燃料电池作电源模拟消除工业酸性废水中的Cr2O72-的过程(将“Cr2O72-”还原为Cr3+”),装置如右图所示。
2018届广西区高三4月考前模拟联合考试英语试题(解析版)
2018届广西区高三4月考前模拟联合考试英 语注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I 卷（选择题） 一、完形填空At 7 a, m. on October 2, 2016, I got up, feeling excited and nervous. The first thought on my mind was,“Today’s game is my first ______football game.” I’ve played before but not like this, Not in pads (护具), notwith a helmet on my head, my heart started beating faster. I ______finished breakfast and left for the field.The whole time on the bus, I felt sick and nervous. Finally, I reached the field. ______that white number7 jersey (运动衫) for the first time made me feel great. I felt like ______was my fortune.We stood there. By the look on our faces, you could see who had ______before and who hadn’t. To me, it felt like a war. I was a(n) ______soldier going into battle. Now I know that feeling was fear, We had ______, but not the real game. In training, we took a form and knew each other. In the ______you don’t knowyour opponent’s strength. Everything just happened ______you know it was happening.We did warm-ups, Some of us couldn’t ______to play, jumping around and yelling. Others stood stillwaiting for direction, The referees came out. We knew the game ______came. As a captain, I went out for thecoin toss to see which team would get the ball first. Campus Magnet won the coin toss. They ______toreceive.Soon the game ______I tracked down the ball carrier and ran at a full speed. I lowered my shoulders andran into his side with all my ______, knocking him down and at the same time knocking my ______out. Istood to my feet and______ what I had done. I’d made my first tackle (阻截). I was ______my dream, feelingrenewed, That tackle ______me, giving me strength, confidence and the desire to go on. We ______ that game —48 to 6. That year we went undefeated, ______every team on our schedule, Iwas rated the best receiver in our division.1．A. usual B. significant C. excel lent D. informal 2．A. calmly B. patiently C. elegantly D. quickly 3．A. Taking off B. Giving up C. Putting on D. Showing off 4．A. career B. reality C. study D. football 5．A. played B. travelled C. changed D. applied 6．A. active B. fresh C. strong D. brave 7．A. tried B. expected C. improved D. practiced 8．A. game B. test C. production D. end 9．A. once B. until C. before D. though 10．A. try B. wait C. want D. continue 11．A. result B. show C. time D. chance 12．A. struggled B. chose C. stopped D. failed 13．A. began B. paused C. finished D. continued 14．A. mind B. strength C. wealth D. trouble 15．A. award B. hope C. fear D. courage 16．A. admitted B. regretted C. covered D. realized 17．A. living B. imagining C. forming D. rewarding 18．A. saved B. found C. encouraged D. surrounded 19．A. won B. attended C. recorded D. forgot 20．A. Comparing B. Judging C. Joining D. Beating 二、阅读理解 A The best bikes for the beginners When it comes to purchasing your first bike, the choice is endless, making it tough to know what to go for. Here are the the best buys on the market right now. 1. Boardman Cx Comp This is a cross country bike, and it’s so multifunctional that you can handle any terrain(地势) on it , making it a great choice for those wanting to try various cycling subjects. If you leave on the thick tires it comes with, it can ride on various paths and can even handle some less demanding mountain bike routes. Alternatively, put on thin, smooth tires and treat it asa road bike. It has a basket and comes with Shimano Sora gears (变速器), which are outstanding for its price. £650, Halfords此卷只装订不密封 班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号2. Planet X RT-58 v2Planet X is based in Yorkshire, which means you’d probably have to buy this bike without seeing it. But it’s worth it，because this is an excellent machine at a lower price, Planet X is a highly rated manufacturer and this model comes with Shimano Sora gearing.£585, Planet X3. Specialized Allez E5Specialized is one of the biggest and most popular brands in cycling, and this is its hugely popular primary road bike. It comes with solid components from front to back and you’ll look great out on the road.£ 75, Evans Cycles4. Boardman Road Team CarbonIf you can push your budget further still, this bike is worth the extra investment. The frame is made entirely from carbon, which is lighter, faster and more comfortable than the composition metal models above and gives you an all round and more enjoyable ride. It also means that if you get really serious about cycling, you don’t have to upgrade as q uickly as you would with a cheaper bike.£800, Halfords21．What is special about Boardman CX Comp?A. Its Shimano Sora gears.B. Its reasonable price.C. Its various functions.D. Its firm tires.22．Which one has the lowest price but with Shimano Sora gears?A. Planet X RT-58 v2.B. Specialized Allez E5.C. Boardman CX Comp.D. Boardman Road Team Carbon,23．What can we learn about the bikes mentioned in the text?A. Planet X RT 58 v2 has been sold out so far,B. Boardman Cx Comp is actually a mountain bike.C. Specialized Allez E5 is designed for senior cyclists.D. Boardman Road Team Carbon is made by special materials.BI have received many Christmas gifts over the years, The best gift I ever received was presented to me by a stranger. I never even knew his name and I only had contact with him for less than 60 seconds. His Christmas present to me changed the way I had thought about people and Christmas.It was several years ago when my wife asked me to meet her at the local department store on Black Friday morning. They had advertised a child’s bike that she wanted to purchase for our son. We stood with a very large crowd, waiting for the manager to blow the whistle. After a while, the whistle blew. It was like throwing a bucket of fish into a tank of sharks. I told my wife that if we obtained a bike, fine, but i we did not, I was OK with that too,As the shelf of bikes began to gradually decrease in size, I saw my polite opportunity to wrap my hands around the corner of one of the boxes. I lifted it off the box and suddenly felt some mild resistance. I looked up to see one of the largest gentlemen I had ever seen in my life. Threat was not the word to describe his presence. He was decorated with numerous belts of metal pointed leather around both arms and even his neck. Tattoos(文身) were an obvious passion of his.I started to return anxiously the box but he gently pushed it back in my direction and back into my hands. He then directed it into my shopping cart. He look d at me, smiled, and said, “Merry Christmas. ”My wife and I went to the checkout, paid for the bike and went home. All the way home I was thinking that this moment was by far the best Christmas gift I had ever received. The kindness of a stranger that broke all previous views I may have had of stereotypes and prejudices. I will never forget the tenderness of a human heart in a simple act.24．Why does the author view the gift as the best?A. Because it was given by a stranger.B. Because it was donated by a charity.C. Because it improved his level of living.D. Because it changed his opinion on people.25．What can we know about the bike at that time?A. It sold well that night.B. It was attractive to women.C. It was equipped with a whistle.D. It was sold at a lower price on that morning.26．What can we infer about the stranger with tattoos?A. He was awful in appearance but kind in heart.B. He was handsome and good-mannered.C. He was big but cautious in behavior.D. He was lovely and energetic.27．What may be the best title for the text?A. A True Gentleman I MetB. The Best Gift I Ever ReceivedC. A Choice That Changed My ViewD. A Stranger Who Gave Me a GiftCThe future of Australia’s solar industry is looking bright after a record 3.5m panels(嵌板)were installed on rooftops last year, giving the equal output of a medium-sized coal-fired power station. The record 1,057 MW of capacity (产能) in small scale systems installed across the country broke the previous record set in 2012, figures from the Clean Energy Regulator showed on Tuesday.Australia’s solar power prosperity could almost double capacity in a year, The data also revealed that the average system size has also doubled since then from three to six kilowatts as average prices continued to fall.A fully installed 5KW system costs an average of $5,930 in Australia, according to the energy broker Solar choice. net. au. Its records show that the price has roughly halved in many capital cities since 2012.The regulator’s executive general manager, Mark Williamson, said there was increasing inter est in renewals as a way to take control of electricity bills. But more importantly, he said it was also good news for reducing carbon emissions,“We are seeing a wide cross section of Australians—households, community centers, schools, and small businesses—receiving rewards under the small scale renewable energy scheme,” Williamson said, “Our data shows consumers are embracing renewable energy to take control of their electricity bills. ”In 2017, there was a 41% increase in installing renewable energy capacity across all states and territories compared to 2016. Queensland led the way with installed capacity at 295MW, with the Australian Capital Territory taking top place for the biggest annual increase by 57 %. “I he data collected by the Clean Energy Regulator in 2017 reflects the industry is going from strength to strength, It looks like 2018 will be another big year for the solar industry.”The total of installed capacity for last year is expected to rise to 1,070MW when all the data is collected.A large coal-fired power station such as Loyd Yang A in Victoria’s Latrobe Valley has a capacity of 2, 200MW.28．What do we know about the Australia’s solar industry from the first paragraph?A. It’s still risky.B. It’s promising.C. It’s unpredictable.D. It’s within expectation.29．What’s the reason for the Australia’s solar industry’s development?A. The continuous fall of average price of installing a solar energy system.B. The entire decrease of the carbon emissions.C. The autonomous control of the electricity bills.D. The doubt about the capacity of coal-fired power station.30．What does the underlined phrase “from strength to strength” in Paragraph 5 suggest?A. Australia’s solar industry is being accepted.B. Australia’s solar industry is developing ra pidly.C. Australia’s solar industry is more practical than before.D. Australia’s solar industry is more advanced than other countries.31．What is the biggest feature of the renewable energy according to Mark Williams?A. Reducing pollution.B. Providing enough energy.C. Lowering electricity bills.D. Simplifying installed equipment.DEntrepreneur and CEO of Tesla and Space X, Eldon Musk may have a little more time on his hands, as he’s leaving his position on the board of the Open Al, according to a blo g post.The departure is likely the result of Tesla’s moving into the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI)，which he said in 2017 would be the “best in the world”and would even be able to “predict your destination, ”Musk will continue to “donate and advise the organization,” Open AI said in a blog post on Feb. 20, adding that “As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI, this will avoid a potential future conflict for Eldon.Musk and Y Combiner CEO Sam Altman co founded the nonprofit enterprise in December2015, its mission is to develop safe artificial general intelligence and ensure those developments are made public. Open AI researchers published a paper on the site ArXiv, org, detailing the possible secure threats that come with“malicious”AI. In fact, Musk has heard the “evil AI”alarm several times, On Aug.11，2017, he warned that artificial intelligence poses a bigger threat to humanity, and he told a gathering of state governors that the government needs to regulate Al before robots start “killing people. ”Musk’s departure from the Open AI board could mean big things for Tesla. As Eton Goodbye, a financial reporter, noted on Futurism, the move “could signal that Tesla is more deeply committed to their own AI projects than we thought. ”He added, “Those who have had their ears to any rumors (谣言)that Tesla is ready to deliver vehicles capable of Level 5autonomy could take this new Open Al development as a sign that the company is inching closer to that unapproachable goal, ”No company has reached that leve l of autonomy, which means that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human “driver” would need to do is to input a destination.32．Why does Eldon Musk leave his position?A. To create safer AI.B. To build powerful Internet.C. To develop social communication.D. To avoid a possible conflict with Tesla.33．What is the Eldon Musk’s attitude towards the AI?A. Ambiguous.B. Supportive.C. Negative.D. Sympathetic.34．What does the underlined word “malicious” in Paragr aph 3 mean?A. Poisonous.B. Unpopular.C. Advanced.D. Traditional.35．What can we infer from Eton Goodbye’s comments?A. Level 5 autonomy is impossible.B. The rumors about Tesla is meaningless.C. He has no confidence in Open AI.D. Level 5 autonomy could set human drivers free.三、七选五How To Cultivate Your ConfidenceSelf-confidence, the combination of self-efficacy and self-esteem, is an essential part of humanity, A person with self confidence generally is willing to take risks to achieve his personal goals, Someone who lacks self confidence, however, is less likely to feel that he can achieve his goals, 36．Identify your negative thoughts,Your negative thoughts might sound like this: “I can’t do that,” “I will surely fail”. This inner voice is pessimistic and unhelpful and will hold you back from achieving high self-esteem and greater self confidence.Turn your negative thoughts to positive thoughts.37．This may take the form of positive affirmations, such as “I am going to try it,” “I can be successfu l if I work at it, ”or “people will listen to me.” Start with just a few positive thoughts a day.Refuse to allow negative thoughts to occur more often than positive thoughts.Eventually, your positive thoughts should be given more “brain space” than your negative thoughts, 38．39．Avoid spending time around things that can make you feel bad about yourself again. These might be reminders from the past, clothing that no longer fits, or places that don’t fit with your new goals of gaining confidence. Though you may not be able to get rid of every negative source in your life, you can certainly think about how to cut your losses. 40．A. Get away from your past.B. Rid reminders of your negativity.C. This will go a long way in building up your self-confidence.D. This means that you can have an abundance of self-confidence.E. The more your positive thoughts get ，the less your negative thoughts get.F. As you pay attention to your negative thoughts, turn them around to positive thoughtsG. The good news is that self-confidence is something that you can build on your own.第II卷（非选择题）四、短文改错41．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
2018年广西高考英语模拟试卷(4月份)
2018年广西高考英语模拟试卷（4月份）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）1．(★)Where is the man's Maths book probably？A． In the drawer． B． On his desk． C． On his bed．2．(★)What happened when the woman got to the campus？A． The class was over．B． The bus left the station．C． She didn't find her books．3．(★)What are the speakers talking about？A． When to go to Germany． B． What to do in Germany． C． How to go to Germany．4．(★★)What did the woman probably do last night？A． She saw a film alone．B． She went shopping．C． She watched a football match．5．(★★★)When is woman supposed to finish her essay？A． By this Saturday． B． By next Monday． C． By next Friday．6．(★★★)（1）Who was in the house that was on fire？A． A little boy．B． A little girl．C． An old lady．（2）Where is the man now？A． At home． B． In his office．C． In a hospital．7．(★★★)（1）What's the woman doing？A． Giving a history lesson． B． Preparing a presentation． C． Working on a problem．（2）What will the speakers probably talk about next？A． When Columbus discovered America．B． What the New World stands for．C． Who was the first European to discover America．8．(★★★)（1）How did the man travel for the holiday？A． By bus．B By train． C． By air．（2）What does the man think of his holiday？A． Quite satisfactory． B． A little disappointing． C． Too long and costly．（3）What's the man saving up for？A． His new car． B． The holiday next year． C． His new house．9．(★★★)（1）When does the woman go to the restaurant？A． In the early morning．B． In the middle of the morning．C． At noon．（2）What does the woman like most about the restaurant？A． The quiet environment．B． The delicious food．C． The jazz music．（3）What does the man say about his favorite restaurant？A． It's newly opened and clean．B． He thinks highly of the food．C． A film actor eats there sometimes．（4）What does the man have for lunch？A． Pancakes．B． Fish pie．C． Sausages．10．(★★★)（1）What time did the plane take off？A． At 3：00 pm．B． At 6：00 pm．C． At 9：00 pm．（2）What day was it in London when the speaker arrived in New York？A． Monday．B． Saturday．C． Sunday．（3）What surprised the speaker in the Fifth Avenue？A． The low．prices．B． The high-quality goods．C． The goad service．（4）Where is the speaker from？A． New York．B． Los Angeles．C． London．第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小題2 分，满分30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．11．(★★)The best bikes for the beginnersWhen it comes to purchasing your first bike， the choice is endless， making it tough to know what to go for． Here are the the best buys on the market right now．1． Boardman Cx CompThis is a cross country bike， and it's so multifunctional that you can handle any terrain（地势） on it ， making it a great choice for those wanting to try variouscycling subjects． If you leave on the thick tires it comes with， it can ride on various paths and can even handle some less demanding mountain bikeroutes． Alternatively， put on thin， smooth tires and treat it asa road bike． It has a basket and comes with Shimano Sora gears （变速器）， which are outstandingfor its price．£650， Halfords2． Planet X RT-58v2Planet X is based in Yorkshire， which means you'd probably have to buy this bike without seeing it． But it's worth it，because this is an excellent machine at a lower price， Planet X is a highly rated manufacturer and this model comes with Shimano Sora gearing．£585， Planet X3． Specialized Allez E5Specialized is one of the biggest and most popular brands in cycling， and this is its hugely popular primary road bike． It comes with solid components from front to back and you'll look great out on the road．£ 75， Evans Cycles4． Boardman Road Team CarbonIf you can push your budget further still， this bike is worth the extra investment． The frame is made entirely from carbon， which is lighter， faster and more comfortable than the composition metal models above and gives you an all round and more enjoyable ride． It also means that if you get really serious about cycling， you don't have to upgrade as quickly as you would with a cheaper bike．£800， Halfords（1）What is special about Boardman CX Comp？A． Its Shimano Sora gears．B． Its reasonable price．C． Its various functions．D． Its firm tires．（2）Which one has the lowest price but with Shimano Sora gears？A． Planet X RT-58v2．B． Specialized Allez E5．C． Boardman CX Comp．D． Boardman Road Team Carbon．（3）What can we learn about the bikes mentioned in the text？A． Planet X RT 58v2 has been sold out so far．B． Boardman Cx Comp is actually a mountain bike．C． Specialized Allez E5 is designed for senior cyclists．D． Boardman Road Team Carbon is made by special materials．12．(★★)I have received many Christmas gifts over the years， The best gift I ever received was presented to me by a stranger． I never even knew his name and I only had contact with him for less than 60seconds． His Christmas present to mechanged the way I had thought about people and Christmas．It was several years ago when my wife asked me to meet her at the local department store on Black Friday morning． They had advertised a child's bike that she wanted to purchase for our son． We stood with a very large crowd， waiting for the manager to blow the whistle． After a while， the whistle blew． It was like throwing a bucket of fish into a tank of sharks． I told my wife that if we obtained a bike， fine， but i we did not， I was OK with that too，As the shelf of bikes began to gradually decrease in size， I saw my polite opportunity to wrap my hands around the corner of one of the boxes． I lifted itoff the box and suddenly felt some mild resistance． I looked up to see one of the largest gentlemen I had ever seen in my life． Threat was not the word to describe his presence． He was decorated with numerous belts of metal pointed leather around both arms and even his neck． Tattoos（文身） were an obvious passion of his．I started to return anxiously the box but he gently pushed it back in my direction and back into my hands． He then directed it into my shopping cart． He look d at me， smiled， and said， "Merry Christmas． "My wife and I went to the checkout，paid for the bike and went home． All the way home I was thinking that this moment was by far the best Christmas gift I had ever received． The kindness of a stranger that broke all previous views I may have had of stereotypes and prejudices． I will never forget the tenderness of a human heart in a simple act．（1）Why does the author view the gift as the best？A． Because it was given by a stranger．B． Because it was donated by a charity．C． Because it improved his level of living．D． Because it changed his opinion on people．（2）What can we know about the bike at that time？A． It sold well that night．B． It was attractive to women．C． It was equipped with a whistle．D． It was sold at a lower price on that morning．（3）What can we infer about the stranger with tattoos？A． He was awful in appearance but kind in heart．B． He was handsome and good-mannered．C． He was big but cautious in behavior．D． He was lovely and energetic．（4）What may be the best title for the text？A． A True Gentleman I MetB． The Best Gift I Ever ReceivedC． A Choice That Changed My ViewD． A Stranger Who Gave Me a Gift13．(★★)The future of Australia's solar industry is looking bright after a record 3.5m panels（嵌板）were installed on rooftops last year， giving the equaloutput of a medium-sized coal-fired power station． The record 1，057 MW ofcapacity （产能） in small scale systems installed across the country broke the previous record set in 2012， figures from the Clean Energy Regulator showed on Tuesday．Australia's solar power prosperity could almost double capacity in a year， Thedata also revealed that the average system size has also doubled since then from three to six kilowatts as average prices continued to fall． A fully installed 5KW system costs an average of﹩5，930 in Australia， according to the energy broker Solar choice． net． au． Its records show that the price has roughly halved in many capital cities since 2012．The regulator's executive general manager， Mark Williamson， said there was increasing interest in renewals as a way to take control of electricity bills． But more importantly， he said it was also good news for reducing carbon emissions，"We are seeing a wide cross section of Australians-households， community centers，schools， and small businesses-receiving rewards under the small scale renewable energy scheme，" Williamson said， "Our data shows consumers are embracing renewable energy to take control of their electricity bills． "In 2017， there was a 41% increase in installing renewable energy capacity acrossall states and territories compared to 2016． Queensland led the way with installed capacity at 295 MW， with the Australian Capital Territory taking top place for the biggest annual increase by 57%． "I he data collected by the Clean Energy Regulator in 2017 reflects the industry is going [fromstrength to strength]， It looks like 2018 will be another big year for the solar industry．"The total of installed capacity for last year is expected to rise to 1，070 MW when all the data is collected． A large coal-fired power station such as Loyd Yang A in Victoria's Latrobe Valley has a capacity of 2， 200 MW．（1）What do we know about the Australia's solar industry from the first paragraph？A． It's still risky．B． It's promising．C． It's unpredictable．D． It's within expectation．（2）What's the reason for the Australia's solar industry's development？A． The continuous fall of average price of installing a solar energy system．B． The entire decrease of the carbon emissions．C． The autonomous control of the electricity bills．D． The doubt about the capacity of coal-fired power station．（3）What does the underlined phrase "from strength to strength" in Paragraph 5 suggest？A． Australia's solar industry is being accepted．B． Australia's solar industry is developing rapidly．C． Australia's solar industry is more practical than before．D． Australia's solar industry is more advanced than other countries．（4）What is the biggest feature of the renewable energy according to Mark Williams？A． Reducing pollution．B． Providing enough energy．C． Lowering electricity bills．D． Simplifying installed equipment．14．(★★)Entrepreneur and CEO of Tesla and Space X， Eldon Musk may have alittle more time on his hands， as he's leaving his position on the board of the Open Al， according to a blog post．The departure is likely the result of Tesla's moving into the field of Artificial Intelligence（AI），which he said in 2017 would be the "best in the world"and would even be able to "predict your destination， "Musk will continue to "donate and advise the organization，" Open AI said in a blog post on Feb． 20， adding that "As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI， this will avoid a potentialfuture conflict for Eldon．Musk and Y Combiner CEO Sam Altman co founded the nonprofit enterprise in December 2015， its mission is to develop safe artificial general intelligence and ensure those developments are made public． Open AI researchers published a paper on the site ArXiv， org， detailing the possible secure threats that come with" [malicious]"AI． In fact， Musk has heard the "evil AI"alarm several times， On Aug.11，2017， he warned that artificial intelligence poses a bigger threat to humanity， and he told a gathering of state governors that the government needs to regulate Al before robots start "killing people． "Musk's departure from the Open AI board could mean big things for Tesla． As Eton Goodbye， a financial reporter， noted on Futurism， the move "could signal that Tesla is more deeply committed to their own AI projects than we thought． "He added，"Those who have had their ears to any rumors （谣言）that Tesla is ready to deliver vehicles capable of Level 5 autonomy could take this new Open Al development as a sign that the company is inching closer to that unapproachable goal， "No company has reached that level of autonomy， which means that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human "driver" would needto do is to input a destination．（1）Why does Eldon Musk leave his position？A． To create safer AI．B． To build powerful Internet．C． To develop social communication．D． To avoid a possible conflict with Tesla．（2）What is the Eldon Musk's attitude towards the AI？A． Ambiguous．B． Supportive．C． Negative．D． Sympathetic．（3）What does the underlined word "malicious" in Paragraph 3 mean？A． Poisonous．B． Unpopular．C． Advanced．D． Traditional．（4）What can we infer from Eton Goodbye's comments？A． Level 5 autonomy is impossible．B． The rumors about Tesla is meaningless．C． He has no confidence in Open AI．D． Level 5 autonomy could set human drivers free．第二节（共5 小题，每小题2 分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项．15．(★★)How To Cultivate Your ConfidenceSelf-confidence， the combination of self-efficacy and self-esteem， is an essential part of humanity， A person with self confidence generally is willing to take risks to achieve his personal goals， Someone who lacks self confidence，however， is less likely to feel that he can achieve his goals，（1）Identify your negative thoughts．Your negative thoughts might sound like this： "I can't do that，" "I will surely fail"． This inner voice is pessimistic and unhelpful and will hold you back from achieving high self-esteem and greater self confidence．Turn your negative thoughts to positive thoughts．（2） This may take the form of positive affirmations， such as "I am going to try it，" "I can be successful if I work at it， "or "people will listen to me．" Start with just a few positive thoughts a day．Refuse to allow negative thoughts to occur more often than positive thoughts． Eventually， your positive thoughts should be given more "brain space" than your negative thoughts，（3）（4）Avoid spending time around things that can make you feel bad about yourself again． These might be reminders from the past， clothing that no longer fits， or places that don't fit with your new goals of gaining confidence． Though you may not be able to get rid of every negative source in your life， you can certainly think about how to cut your losses．（5）A． Get away from your past．B． Rid reminders of your negativity．C． This will go a long way in building up your self-confidence．D． This means that you can have an abundance of self-confidence．E． The more your positive thoughts get ，the less your negative thoughts get．F． As you pay attention to your negative thoughts， turn them around to positive thoughtsG． The good news is that self-confidence is something that you can build on yourown．第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（共20 小题；每小题1. 5 分，满分30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．16．(★★★★)At 7a， m． on October 2， 2016， I got up， feeling excited and nervous． The first thought on my mind was， "Today's game is my first （1）football game．" I've played before but not like this， Not in pads （护具）， not with a helmet on my head， my heart started beating faster． I （2）finished breakfast and left for the field．The whole time on the bus， I felt sick and nervous． Finally， I reached the field．（3） that white number 7 jersey （运动衫） for the first time made me feel great． I felt like（4） was my fortune．We stood there． By the look on our faces， you could see who had （5）before and who hadn't． To me， it felt like a war． I was a（n）（6）soldier going into battle． Now I know that feeling was fear， We had （7），but not the real game． In training， we took a form and knew each other． In the （8） you don't know your opponent's strength． Everything just happened （9） you know it was happening．We did warm-ups， Some of us couldn't （10） to play， jumping around and yelling． Others stood still waiting for direction， The referees came out． We knew the game （11） came． As a captain， I went out for the coin toss to see which team would get the ball first． Campus Magnet won the coin toss． They （12） to receive．Soon the game （13） I tracked down the ball carrier and ran at a full speed． I lowered my shoulders and ran into his side with all my （14），knocking him down and at the same time knocking my （15） out． I stood to my feet and（16） what I had done． I'd made my first tackle （阻截）． I was （17） my dream， feeling renewed， That tackle （18） me，giving me strength， confidence and the desire to go on．We （19） that game-48 to 6． That year we went undefeated，（20）every team on our schedule， I was rated the best receiver in our division．（1）A． usual B． significant C． excel lent D． informal（2）A． calmly B． patiently C． elegantly D． quickly（3）A． Taking off B Giving up C． Putting on D． Showing off（4）A． career B． reality C． study D． football（5）A． played B． travelled C． changed D． applied（6）A． active B． fresh C． strong D． brave（7）A． tried B． expected C． improved D． practiced（8）A． game B． test C． production D． end（9）A． once B． until C． before D． though（10）A． try B． wait C． want D． continue（11）A． result B． show C． time D． chance（12）A． struggled B． chose C． stopped D． failed（13）A． began B． paused C． finished D． continued（14）A． mind B． strength C． wealth D． trouble（15）A， award B． hope C． fear D． courage（16）A． admitted B． regretted C． covered D． realized（17）A． living B． imagining C． forming D． rewarding（18）A． saved B． found C． encouraged D． surrounded（19）A． won B． attended C． recorded D． forgot（20）A． Comparing B． Judging C． Joining D． Beating第二节（每小题1. 5 分，满分15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式．17．(★★★★)Each zebra has its own unique pattern of distinctive stripes （带），just（1） humans have their own unique pattern of fingerprints， Zebrasstick together in herds （兽群）． Within a herd， zebras tend （2）（stay）together in smaller family groups． Families are generally made up of a male，several females，（3） their young．As zebras graze， they use their sharper front teeth to bite the grass， and then use their duller back teeth to crush and grind． A zebra's teeth keep growing for （4）（it） entire life， because constant chewing （5）（wear）them down．Zebras are（6）（constant） on the move to find fresh grass andwater． Sometimes they gather in huge herds of thousands as they migrate to better feeding（7）（area）． They often travel in（8）（mix） herds with other grazers and browsers， such as wildebeest．Zebras groom （理毛） one another， If you see two zebras standing close（9）each other and it looks like they're biting each other， don't worry． They're pulling loose hairs off each other as they groom． Grooming also feels good to azebra-it's like having an itch scratched，While most zebras are least endangered， Grevy's Zebra （10）（classify）as endangered．第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）18．(★★★)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．Among the four seasons in a year， summer is my favorite， that makes me free，excited and energy． When summer vacation came every year， we can do all that we can't do during our school time， go shopping with friends， swimming in warm water and even hiking and camping in the deep valleys． These activities lead me to enjoy full free． We can find us in an exciting world every day， with the sun shining bright， trees growing better and flowers coming out of with all kinds of colors． Summer makes me full of energy and we feel I have the strength to do most difficult things in my life． I like summer better， and what about you？第二节书面表达（满分25分）19．(★★★★★)假定你是李华．请根据写作要点用英语写一篇周记，记述你周末帮助家人做家务的一次经历．写作要点：1．做家务的理由；2．做家务的过程；3．你的感受．注意：1．短文词数不少于100；2．开头部分已写好，不计入总词数；3．不能使用真实姓名和学校名称．。
精品解析：广西区2018届高三4月考前模拟联合英语试题(原卷版)
广西区2018届高三4月考前模拟联合英语试题第一部分听力（百强校英语解析团队专供）(共两节, 满分30 分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5 分, 满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19. 5.B. £ 9. 18.C. £ 9. 15.答案是C。
1. Where is the man’s Maths book probably?A. In the drawer.B. On his desk.C. On his bed.2. What happened when the woman got to the campus?A. The class was over.B. The bus left the station.C. She d idn’t find her books.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. When to go to Germany.B. What to do in Germany.C. How to go to Germany.4. What did the woman probably do last night?A. She saw a film alone.B. She went shopping.C. She watched a football match.5. When is the woman supposed to finish her essay?A. By this Saturday.B. By next Monday.C. By next Friday.第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)听下面5 段对话或独白。
广西壮族自治区贺州市2018届高三4月模拟考试理科综合
贺州市2018年4月高考模拟考试题理科综合注意事项：1.本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至4页，第Ⅱ卷4至12页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用直径0.5毫米的黑色字迹填写在答题卡的对应方框内，并将条形码贴在答题卡指定的区域。
3.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把“答题卡”上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，在试题卷上作答无效。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Cl-35.5 Fe-56第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共126分）一、选择题（本题包括13小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1．下列关于细胞器的叙述，错误．．的是A．破坏植物细胞的高尔基体，可形成双核细胞B．线粒体是人体细胞产生CO2的唯一场所C．中心体由两个相互垂直排列的中心粒组成，与细胞的有丝分裂有关，且只存在于动物细胞中D．线粒体、叶绿体、核糖体都有水产生2．下列关于组成细胞的化合物的说法，错误．．的是A．蛋白质具有运输、传递信息、免疫、催化等功能B．以RNA作为遗传物质的生物体内的核酸只有一种，以DNA 作为遗传物质的生物体内的核酸一定有两种C．用健那绿染液对活细胞进行染色，可将活细胞的线粒体染成蓝绿色D．葡萄糖、果糖都是还原糖，在水浴加热的条件下可与斐林试剂产生砖红色沉淀3．下列关于人体生命活动调节的叙述，正确的是A．过敏反应是由于免疫系统缺陷造成的B．下丘脑是水盐调节、体温调节、血糖调节的中枢，下丘脑细胞不能分泌激素C．吞噬细胞属于淋巴细胞，只在特异性免疫过程中发挥作用D．目前普遍认为，神经—体液—免疫调节是维持稳态的主要调节机制4．下列关于遗传和育种的相关叙述中，正确的是A．培育无籽番茄利用的原理是基因重组B．培育三倍体无籽西瓜利用的原理是染色体结构变异C．在单倍体育种过程中，可通过花药离体培养获得单倍体植株，单倍体植株的染色体组只有一个D．诱变育种可提高突变率，基因突变的不定向性会导致诱变育种具有盲目性5．关于探究酶特性的实验叙述中，最恰当的是A．若探究pH对酶活性的影响，PH值作为该实验的因变量B．若探究过氧化氢酶的高效性，可选择无机催化剂作为对照C．若探究温度对淀粉酶活性的影响，可选择斐林试剂对实验结果进行检测D．若用淀粉、蔗糖和淀粉酶来探究酶的专一性，可用碘液对实验结果进行检测6．下列叙述与现代生物进化理论不．相符合的是A．新物种的产生不一定是因为长期的地理隔离而造成的B．生物体所发生的可遗传变异可为进化提供原材料C．生殖隔离是形成新物种的标志，个体是生物进化和繁殖的基本单位D．喷洒农药可使害虫种群的抗药基因频率提高7．化学与生活紧密联系，下列说法不正确．．．的是A．Na2SiO3水溶液俗称水玻璃，可用作木材防火剂B．Fe3O4俗称铁红，可用作红色涂料C．Na2CO3俗称纯碱，可作为制造玻璃的原料D．KAl(SO4)2·12H2O俗称明矾，可作为净水剂8．石墨烯锂硫电池放电时的工作原理示意图如图，电池反应为2Li + nS＝Li2S n，有关该电池说法正确的是A．放电时，Li+ 向负极迁移B．A电极上发生的一个电极反应为：2Li++6S +2e－＝Li2S6C．若对该电池充电，B电极接电源正极D．B电极发生还原反应9．甲基环己烷CH3的一氯代物有（不考虑立体异构）A．3种 B．4种 C．5种 D．6种10．设N A为阿伏伽德罗常数的数值，下列说法正确的是A．1mol 23592U核素含有中子数为235N AB．1 L 0.l mol·L－1的醋酸溶液中含有H+数目为0.1N AC．标准状况下，22.4L乙烯和丙烯的混合气体中含有的碳原子数目为2.5N AD．常温常压下，l.6gCH4中含有共价键总数为0.4 N A11．下列实验操作中，现象和结论均正确的是12．X、Y、Z、W是原子序数依次增大的短周期元素，X最高正价与最低负价的代数和为零，Y、Z易形成质量比为3∶4和3∶8的两种常见化合物，含W元素的物质其焰色反应为黄色。
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广西2018届高三理综下学期4月考前模拟联合试题一、选择題：本题共13小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符题目要求的。
1. 下列有关肽键的叙述，错误的是A蛋白质中的肽键数等于或小于脱水缩合过程中的氨基酸数B含肽键的物质都可与双缩试剂发生作用，产生紫色反应C核糖体上可形成肽健，溶酶体内可发生肽键的水解D肽键的元素组成为C H、O .N，其牢固程度与碳碳双键紧密相关2. 以紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞作为观察植物细胞质壁分离和复原实验的材料，下列有关说法正确的是A. 正在发生质壁分离的细胞，其吸水能力逐渐减弱B正在发生质壁分离的细胞，其紫色区域逐渐缩小，颜色逐渐变深C发生质壁分离后完全复原的细胞，其细胞液浓度最终与外界溶液浓度相同D该实验不选择紫色洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞作材料，是由于该类细胞不能发生质壁分离3. 光合作用过程产生的物质中，能进人线粒体并参与有氧呼吸的是AGH2Q B.ATP C. [H] D.O 24. 下列有关人体内环境稳态和生命活动调节的说法，正确的是A. Na+对维持细胞内液渗透压有重要作用B血浆中的HCO T, HP&等能使血浆的pH保持不变C.在寒冷环境中，人体的产热量增加、散热量减少D在血糖调节过程中存在反馈调节5. 研究人员对某草原上啮齿动物多样性进行了连续8年的定点监测研究结果如下表所示。
下列说法错误的是2002-2009禁牧区：禁牧8年以上。
轮牧区：草地采取围栏轮牧。
过牧区：常年不断过度放牧) A•自然和人类干扰活动是影响物种多样性的重要因素B可用标志重捕法调查该草原上啮齿动物的种群数量C放牧强度对草原上啮齿动物的优势种没有影响D食物缺乏条件下，短耳仓鼠最有可能从该草原消失6、下列关于人类遗传病的说法，错误的是A. 致病基因的表达是人患遗传病的根本原因B调查某种遗传病的发病率应在人群中随机抽样C.画遗传系谱图是确定某些遗传病遗传方式的有效方法之一D通过染色体组型分析可以在早期发现某些遗传病7、化学与生活、社会密切相关，下列说法正确的是A. 高锰酸钾溶液、酒精、双氧水能杀菌消毒，都利用了强氧化性B. 通信光缆的主要成分是晶体Si，太阳能电池的材料主要是SiO2C. 将矿物燃料脱硫脱硝可有效防止酸雨D. 以“地沟油”为原料生产的生物柴油与以“石油”为原料生产的柴油化学成分相似8、下列说法正确的是A. 分子式为GH8Q的有机物共有5种B. 蛋白质在酶等催化剂作用下水解可得到氨基酸C. 乙烷、氯乙烷、二氯乙烷互为同系物D. 植物油中不可能含有碳碳双健9、下列实验操作规范且能达到相应实验目的的是10、设2为阿伏加德罗常数的数值。
下列叙述正确的是A. ImolAICI 3在熔融状态时含有的离子总数为0.4NN AB. lmolOH-与17gNH所含的电子数分别为9N A和10N AC. 常温常压下，0.1mol NH与0.1mol HCI充分反应后所得的产物中含有的分子数为0.1N AD. 13.8gNO2与足量水反应，转移的电子数为0.2N A11、处理工业酸性废水中NO-的电解池工作原理如图所示，电解总反应为通电4NQ-+4H -------- 22 f +5Q f +2HQ 下列说法正确的是A. X电极上发生还原反应B. Y电极上发生的电极反应为2NQ'+10e-+12H+==N> f +6H2OC. 电解池工作时，^从质子交换膜右侧向左侧移动D. 电解池工作时，电路中每通过2mol电子，生成15.68L气体12、短周期元素W X、Y Z在周期表中的相对位置如图所示，其中Z的最外层电子数等于其最内层电子数。
下列说法正确的是A. 简单离子的半径：Z>Y>XB. WX与ZX中的化学键类型相同C. 元素的非金属性：Y>X>WD.Y的氧化物的水溶液可使红色石蕊试纸变蓝13、25C时，用0.10mol/L的盐酸分别滴定体积相同且浓度均为0.10mol/L的三种一元碱XOHYOH及ZOH滴定曲线如图所示。
下列说法正确的是A. 滴定XOH寸可用酚酞作指示剂B. YO H是强碱C. X++H2O--- XOH+ H+的平衡常数K=10-4D. [V(盐酸)/V(碱)]=0.5 时，c(Z+)>c(Y+)>c(X+)二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21題有多项符合题目要求。
全郃选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
14. 三根长直导线垂直于纸面放置，通以大小相同、方向如图所示的电流，且ab=ad=ac,导线c在a点的磁感应强度大小为B,则a点处的合磁感应强度大小为A. 2 BB. .3 BC. , 5 BD.2B15. 下列关于核反应方程及描述正确的是A. 1；N+：Hh ：O+；H是a衰变方程B. 駕UJ^ 154 Xe+38 Sr+ 0 n是核聚变方程C. 3 H+[ H H 2 He+；n是a衰变方程D. 2 He+13 Al H 15 P+0 n是人工放射性的核反应方程16. 如图所示，用一轻绳将光滑小球P系于竖直墙壁上的0点，在墙壁和球P之间夹有一矩形物块Q, P、Q均始终处于静止状态，下列说法正确的是A. P —定受四个力作用B. 若只增大Q的质量，则轻绳受到的拉力不变C. 若只减小绳子的长度，Q受到的摩擦力增大D若只增大绳子的长度，则墙壁对Q的作用力不变17. 如图所示，带箭头的实线为一个静电场中的三条电场线，一个带电微粒以一定的初速度射入该电场，仅在电场力的作用下通过该区域的运动轨迹如图中虚线所示，轨迹与电场线先后相交的3个交点分别记为A、B、C。
已知过B点的电场线为直线，M N为该电场线上的两点,且MB=BN下列说法中正确的是A. 该微粒一定带正电B. N、B两点之间的电势差U N B小于B、M两点之间的电势差U B MC. M点的电场强度小于N点的电场强度D. 该微粒进入电场后动能先增大后减小18. 如图所示，一固定容器的内壁是半径为R的半球面；在半球面水平直径的一端有一质量为m的质点P,它与容器内壁间的动摩擦因数为卩，由静止释放的质点P下滑到最低点时，向心加速度的大小为a。
重力加速度大小为g。
则此时A.质点P 处于失重状态B 质点P 受到的摩擦力大小为卩mg C. 容器对质点P 的支持力大小为ma+mg D. 质点P 的动能为mgR-Jmg R219.国际权威学术期刊《自然》于北京时间 2017年11月30日在线发布，暗物质粒子探测卫星“悟空”在太空中测量到电子宇宙射线的一处异常波动。
这一神秘讯号首次为人类所观测， 意味着中国科学家取得了一项开创性发现。
如图所示，探测卫星“悟空”（绕地球做匀速圆周运动）经过时间t ，绕地球转过的角度为 0，地球半径为R,地球表面重力加速度为 g ,引力常 量为G,不考虑地球自转。
根据题中信息，可以求出A 探测卫星“悟空”的质量B 探测卫星“悟空”运动的周期C 探測卫星“悟空”所在圆轨道离地面的高度 D. 探测卫星“悟空”运动的动能 20.如图所示，虚线边界左右两側均有匀强磁场， 其大小分别为B 1、B 2, —带电粒子（不计重力） 由a 点垂直于边界以大小为 v 的速度向左运动，在左侧磁场中运动先经过虚线边界上的b 点一 1然后在右侧匀强磁场中运动到达虚线边界上的c 点，已知ac= ab ,下列说法正确的是2H _『沐:骷A.粒子带正电C.在题述过程中，粒子在边界右侧运动的时间是在左侧运动时间的 1.5倍B. 邑=2B 2 3D若仅使粒子进入磁场中的速度变为2v,则其在边界左侧做匀速圆周运动的向心加速度1变为原来的—221. 一质量为0.5kg的物块静止在水平地面上，物块与水平地面间的动摩擦因数为0.2。
现给物块一水平方向的外力F, F随时间t变化的图线如图所示，若最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力，2取重力加速度为10m/s，则A.t=1s时物块的动量大小为2kg • m/sBt=1.5s时物块的动量大小为1kg • m/sC. t=6 —2,3s时物块的速度为零D. 在3s~4s的时间内，物块受到的摩擦力逐渐减小22. （6分）由于在空间站处于完全失重状态，不能利用天平等仪器测量质量，为此某同学为空间站设计了如图所示的实验装置，用来测量弹簧的劲度系数和小球质量。
图中左侧挡板处装有力传感器。
水平轨道B处装有光电门，可以测量出小球经过光电门的时间。
已知弹簧的弹1 2性势能表达式为Ep=丄kx1 2，其中k为弹簧的劲度系数，x为弹簧的形变量，小球直径为D。
1 用水平力作用在小球上，使弹簧的压缩长度为x，力传感器的示数为F,则弹簧的劲度系数k= ____________ 。
2 撤去水平力，小球被弹出后沿水平轨道运动，通过B处光电门的时间为t，据此可知, 小球被弹出时的速度大小v= __________ ，小球的质量m= ____________ 。
23. （9分）某同学利用下列器材测量电源的电动势和内阻。
A.待测电源（电动势约2V）B电流表CG量程为400卩A,内阻R=500Q ）C电阻箱R（最大阻值为99.99 Q ）D定值电阻R）（阻值为2.0 Q ）2E定值电阻R1(阻值为4.5k Q )F.开关S和导线若干。
(1) 用如图甲所示电路图进行实验，请在图乙中用笔画线代替导线把各器材连成相应的实物图。
(2) 合上开关S后，调节电阻箱阻值，当电流表示数为I i时，电阻箱接人电路的阻值为F3; 当电流表示数为I2时，电阻箱接入电路的阻值为F4,不计电流表中的电流对电路的影响，据此可以计算出电源的电动势为_______________ ，内阻为_______________ 。
(均用I i、I2、R、F4、R；、R)、R 表示)(3) 测量电源的电动势和内阻，我们往往用图象处理实验数据，改变电阻箱的阻值，获得1多组电阻R、电流I的实验数据，再在坐标纸上作图象，要使作出的图象是直线，若应以一为I纵坐标，则应以___________ 为横坐标建立直角坐标系。
24. (12分)如图所示，电阻不计的两金属导轨相距为I，固定在水平绝缘桌面上，斜面MNPQ 与水平直轨道在最低点相切，水平直导轨部分处在磁感应强度大小为B、方向竖直向下的匀强磁场中，末端与桌面边缘平齐，一质量为m电阻为R的导体棒ab从距水平桌面的高度为h处无初速度释放，进入水平直导轨后向右运动，最后离开导轨落到水平地面上，落地点到桌面边缘的水平距离为x。
已知斜面与水平面间的夹角为0 , PM处所接电阻的阻值也为R,且导体棒ab通过磁场的过程中通过它的电荷量为q,导体棒与导轨之间的动摩擦因数均为卩，桌面离地面的高度为H,重力加速度为g。