高中虚拟语气教案

虚拟语气

一、虚拟语气是什么

定义：①在表示一种完全假设的情况或主观愿望时，动词（实意动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词）需用一种特殊的形式，称为虚拟语气。

②用来表达非真实的情况，如建议、命令、安排、猜测、愿望/遗憾、假设、空想、白日梦等。

e.g.

1.If I were you,I would forgive Mary.假设

2.I wish you had come to the party yesterday.愿望

3.If only（要是……就好了）you could understand me！愿望

二、虚拟语气怎么用

4.If(先行词) I were（无人称变化）you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.

5.If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.

6.If Professor Li should have（had/were to have）time tomorrow，we could ask him questions. 例题1.Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week?If you had told me, I could have helped.

例题2. We would be (be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

例题3. Sorry,I am too busy now.If I （D）time,I would certainly go for an outgoing with you. A.have had B.had had C.have D.had

例题4. ----Do you think John has passed the driving test?

-----No.If so,he( C )his car to our college yesterday.

A.would drive

B.drove

C.would have driven

D.had driven

注意：在条件句中可省略if，且把were，should，had（需是助动词）提到句首，构成部分倒装（否定不用缩写）

e.g.

7.Were I twenty now，I would join the army。现在

8.Should Mr.White call，what would you say?将来

9.Had we made a great effort，we might have succeeded.过去

10.Had I not warned you，you could have been killed.（not置于主语之后）过去

例题5.Had the goverments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen (fall) since their highest in 2005.

标志词：now，tomorrow，lastnight

总结：如何判断时态

翻译

真实条件句：这种条件句实现的可能性非常大，在条件句中常用表示现在的某种时态代替表示将来时时态提示词：if，unless

用法

1）主将从现；

2)主句有情态动词，从句用一般现在时；

3)主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时。

e.g. If I have time,I’ll come over to see you.

If we leave now,we can still catch the bus.

（2）错综时间条件句中虚拟语气的使用（混合虚拟语气）

当从句的动作与主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据其所表达的时间做出相应的调整。

e.g.

11.If you had studied（过去）hard before，you would be（现在）a college student now.

12.If the doctor hadn’t tried（过去）his best to save you，you wouldn’t be（现在）standing here now.

13.If I were（现在）you，I wouldn’t have missed （过去）the film last night.

例题6.If we ( D )a table earlier,we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue.

A.have booked

B.booked

C.book

D.had booked

（3）含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的使用（主句虚拟）

有时条件句并不是用if引导的从句表示，而是通过一些词或短语表示，如without，but for,but,otherwise,or（否则）等。

e.g.

14.But for your advice，I could not have done it so successfully.

15.We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help.

16.I should have come to meet you，but I was really busy.

例题7. Without his wartime experiences,Heimingway ( D )his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

A.didn’t write

B.hadn’t written

C.wouldn’t write

D.wouldn’t have written

（4）见提示词表建议、愿望、命令、坚持含义的词，用虚拟语气

动词用（should）+do

提示词：一、坚持（insist）二、命令（order，command）三、建议（suggest，advise，propose）

四、要求（demand，desire，request，require）五、其他（necessary，natural，important，plan）

e.g.

17.He suggested that we （should）start off（出发，动身，开始从事）early the next day（明天）.

18.They insited that the boy （should）go with them.

19.It is necessary that he （should）be sent there at once.

20.My suggestion is that we （should）send a few people to help them.

注意：①suggest作“建议”讲时，表示一种意见时，应用虚拟语气；若作“表明，暗示”解，用于陈述一种实际情况的时候，从句用陈述语气。

e.g. 21.What he said suggested that he was a fraud.

②insist作“坚持要求”解，表示一种要求、请求时，应用虚拟语气；若insist作“坚持认为”解，