研究生学术英语听力答案

第一章1. What is an academic topic?---A topic studied in schools by university professors and by scholars, around which a discipline and a body of literture have grown up.2. What does research mean?---Reading and study of various kinds of evidence, mainly but not exclusively drawn from written materials.3. What kinds of materials may research be based on?---Printed materials, written materials that are not printed, spoken materials, visual materials, and digital documents from the Internet.4. What does “operating in a scholarly way” mean?---Building new knowledge by analyzing and learning from what others have done and adding fresh insights to it.5. What is the length of a typical research paper?---10-15 double-spaced pages / 3000-5000 words.第二章1. What are the four elements discussed in the lecture?---Subject, topic, question and thesis.2. Which is supposed to be more specific, a subject or a topic? ---A topic.3. What is an appropriate topic characterized by?---It can be covered adequately and interestingly in just 10-15 pages.4. Why was Lincoln able to win the election of 1860?---Because of his ambiguous position on slavery/By not takinga very firm or clear stand on slavery.5. What is the function of the thesis of a research paper?---The thesis states what you want to say about the topic－your conclusion based on your research and thought.6.How do you judge whether a topic is appropriate or not?---It can be covered adequately and interestingly in just 10-15pages.第三章1. What is a good topic?A good topic:• is not merely a narrative, • is not too broad,• is not too narrow, • has research sources,• has not been overdone, and • interests you.2. What is a good working thesis?A good working thesis:• can be stated in a single clear sentence,• is a positive, non-obvious statement, and• can be tested through research.3.What kind of thesis is a good working thesis?·It can be stated in a single clear sentence.·It is a positive,non-obvious statement ,and·It can be tested through research.第四章1. What is plagiarism?---A kind of theft.2. What does the word “publishing” mean according to theprofessor?---Something printed in book/magazine form or anythingposted on the Internet.3. What are the four different types of plagiarism?• Buying, borrowing, or reusing a paper.• Claiming as your own a piece of writing from a publishedsource.• Quoting words, sentences, paragraphs, or pages from anotherwriter’s work without giving that writer credit.• Copying another writer’s sequence of ideas without givingthat writer credit.4. What transitional words does the professor use to introducethe four different types of plagiarism?---First, next, also, finally.5. What will you teacher or advisor do when you commitplagiarism?You teacher or your advisor will refuse to write a letter ofrecommendation.6.what does the speaker mean when he explains the point“citing sources in a scholarly fashion”?Following standard rules and procedures to explain where youfound the facts and ideas you are borrowing.7.What does “publishing” also refer to?“Publishing” also refers to the act of posting an item on theInternet.第五章1. What is common knowledge?• Information that you and your friends all know.• Any information that could be easily obtained from manysources and that is not open to dispute or varyinginterpretations. (also)2. What is a fact?---An event in the real world that practically everyone canpoint to and agree on.3. What is an opinion or interpretation?---A personal spin (remark), attitude, or feeling to the real-world event, which not everyone will agree on.4. What doesn't need to be cited?• Common knowledge. (First)• An opinion or interpretation extremely obvious or very well known. (It may qualify as common knowledge.)5.What needs to be cited?·Facts that may be open to dispute.·Fact that may not be subject to dispute but that are little known and come from a specific source.·Opinions and interpretations of facts that you borrow from other writers.第六章1. What is the one way to cite a source discussed in this part of the lecture?---By paraphrasing it.2. What does paraphrasing mean?---Stating the information in your own words, using your own style, and fitting it naturally into the flow of your paper.3. When do you choose the form of citation paraphrasing?---Whenever the idea you are citing is more important than the precise way it is stated in your source.4. What are the pitfalls to avoid when paraphrasing?• Forgetting to give credit to the person from whom you borrow the idea.• Forgetting to use your own words throughout the paraphrase. (the other)5.What does bibliographic information include?---Author, title, date of publication, source, etc.第七章1. What is the second way of citing research material?---To quote a sentence or more from the source.2. When do you choose the method of direct quoting?---When a particular author has stated something in a way thatis unusually apt, interesting, forceful, or thought-provoking (—the kind of sentence or paragraph that makes you say, “Wow! Ican’t imagine how that idea could be stated any better.”).3. How many types of quotations are discussed in the lecture?And what are they?---Two. Short quotation and block quotation.4. what is a block quotation?A block quotation is the quotation runs longer than four lines.5. How to introduce a block quotation?Start a new paragraph－indent about one inch (10 spaces orso)－twice as much as a normal paragraph. set off the blockquotation from the surrounding text.6. When and how should you handle a short quotation?---If the quotation is less than five lines, handle it as a shortquotation.➢Simply build it into your paragraph of text;➢Put quotation marks around the quotation;➢Introduce the quotation with words of your own;➢Provide a citation at the end of the quotation.7. When and how should you handle a block quotation?---If the quotation runs longer than four lines, handle it as ablock quotation.➢Start a new paragraph－indent about one inch (10spaces or so)－twice as much as a normal paragraph.(You are setting off the block quotation from thesurrounding text.)➢Don't put quotation marks around a block quotation.➢Introduce the quotation with words of your own;➢Provide a citation at the end of the quotation.第八章1. What is the third way of citing sources?---To interweave selected words or phrases from an authoryou've read into sentences of your own.2. When do you use this technique of citation?---When there are specific bits of language that are worthborrowing from another writer but when it’s not necessary toquote an entire sentence or more.3. How should you handle the third way of citing sources?●Include an introductory phrase or sentence thatprovides the background for the quote (who said it,when, where, how, and/or why).●Always provide a citation (reference) when youinterweave quoted words or phrases.4. When might you use the Latin word “sic”?●---When you are quoting a source that contains somefactual error or a document that contains a writingerror like a grammar or spelling mistake.5. What should you do when introducing your own voice inthe middle of quoted words?●---Use square brackets around the inserted words.。