1.高中英语语法通霸第一二讲

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1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

高中英语语法通霸1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。

但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上.同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分.考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟)补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙)同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同)考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当.可以作主语的词性或语法结构:1. 名词2。

代词 3. 数词4。

不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。

7。

名词化的形容词(如the rich)在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。

如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。

On the desk are some books。

(主语是books,所以用are)Down jumps the boy。

(主语是the boy,所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当.1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class。

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure。

高中英语语法通霸

高中英语语法通霸

高中英语语法通霸(2016版)主编:朱振斌编写人员:常景宇王毅管东成刘龙杰前言有语言学家说过:“语言是语法化的词汇。

”也就是说,语言是按照语法规则组织起来的词汇。

一句话表达得是否正确,主要是看它是否符合语法规则;任何一个错句,都能从语法上找到原因。

因此,学好语法是学好一门语言的基础。

在当前的英语教学中,上面倡导要淡化语法教学,要重视学生综合应用能力的培养。

实施这么多年来,老师们普遍感到学生准确应用英语的能力下降了很多,特别是“写”的能力。

大部分学生写的英语作文“惨不忍睹”。

这实际上是淡化语法教学所产生的严重后果。

学习母语不学语法只要“浸泡”得多就能学好,但在我国英语毕竟是一门外语,连第二语言都不是,只靠“浸泡”而不通过学习语法知识来帮助理清规律,至少对于相当多的学生是不适用的。

一些没有学好语法的学生去美国上学,他们整天“浸泡”在英语环境中,“听”、“说”的能力提高了不少,但很多人“写”的能力却鲜有提高。

语法差的学生,总是感到自己的英语一塌糊涂。

许多学生英语从“差”中逆转过来,就是从学好语法开始的。

只有学好了语法,才能写出语法正确、句式灵活的句子来;只有学好了语法,才能读懂文章中的长难句;只有学好了语法,才能快速提高自己的“听”、“说”能力。

语法是什么?语法是帮助你解决“写”、“读”、“说”、“听”中遇到的困难的知识的总称,语法是指导你正确使用英语的精华知识。

但现在许多人都害怕英语语法。

一方面是因为现在盛行的教学理论在作怪,学校教学过于淡化语法教学,过于强调语言的“习得”,导致学生的语法基础较差。

另一方面,是因为没有合适的语法资料。

教材上的语法讲解,“千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面”,总是放不下架子,就是讲一点,其深度比考试的难度要低得多,根本靠不住。

书店里的语法资料,一类是语法大家们编的,旨在解释一些语法现象,本来就不是给高中学生看的,有些知识学生看了没有用,有些知识学生根本看不懂。

再一类就是一些名校编的资料,由于编写有时间有限、稿酬是按编的页数给的,这类资料大部分粗制滥造,总是先笼统地讲解一下,再弄点题一凑就好了。

2.精品-高中英语语法通霸不定冠词a an的用法

2.精品-高中英语语法通霸不定冠词a an的用法

高中英语语法通霸冠词2不定冠词a,an 的基本用法考点1.a, an 的选择名词前用a还是用an关键是看该单词音标中第一个音素是元音音素还是辅音音素。

There is ______ ―u‖ in the word ―use‖.这里用a。

因为字母u的读音为 , 为辅音音素。

在26个字母前:用a的有14个:b, c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z;用an的有12个:a, e, i, o; f, l, m, n, s, x; h; r 。

用an的情况分类记为:A.元音字母(4个):a, e, i, oB.字母读音中第一个音素为 (6个):f , l , m , n , s , xC.字母读音中第一个音素为 (1个):hD.字母读音中第一个音素为 (1个):r1.Mr. Taylor has ______ 8-year-old daughter who is ______girl for painting – she has won two nation prizes.A. a; aB. an; theC. an; aD. the; a2.Susan, ______ university student from Europe, teaches me______ art in her spare time.A. an; /B. a; theC. a; /D. an; the3. A little boy wrote ______ ―U‖ and ______ ―n‖ on the wall.A. a; anB. an; aC. an; anD. a; a4.Now he is ______ artist. I have known him since he was______ one-year-old boy.A. a; anB. a; aC. an; anD. an; a5.【2004浙江】The Wilsons live in ______ A-shaped housenear the coast. It is ______ 17th century cottage.A. the; /B. an; theC. /; theD. an; a考点2.a/an有表示“每一个”之意,不能用one 替换6.The train is running fifty miles ______.A. an hourB. one hourC. the hourD. a hour7.The new D-type trains can run at speeds of 200 to 250kilometers ______ hour. The trip from Shanghai to Beijing only takes 10 hours now.A. aB. anC. theD. /考点3.help, success, honor, must, wonder, failure, wonder 表示具体意义时(参看P.错误!未定义书签。

高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语完整版

高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语完整版

高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语完整版高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】高中英语语法通霸1.句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。

但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。

同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。

考点1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟)补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙)同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同)考点1. 主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构:1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。

7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich)在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。

如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。

On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are)练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。

1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a small village.12.Now comes your turn.考点2. 谓语谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

3.高中英语语法通霸什么是简单句并列句复合句

3.高中英语语法通霸什么是简单句并列句复合句

3.⾼中英语语法通霸什么是简单句并列句复合句⾼中英语语法通霸3. 句⼦结构和成分句⼦分类简单句、并列句和复合句句⼦按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

考点1.简单句只有⼀个主语(或并列主语)和⼀个谓语(或并列谓语)。

如:He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.(画线部分为并列谓语,只有⼀个主语,仍为简单句。

)改错:It not only costs little money but also comfortable.答案与解析:第⼀个谓语是实义动词,第⼆个是系表结构,应带be,因此要在also前加is。

考点2.并列句(参看P.错误!未定义书签。

错误!未找到引⽤源。

)改错:①.He likes English, his English is very good. ×②.His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×当⼀个句⼦中含有两个简单句时,就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了。

直接⽤逗号连接两个简单句是错误的。

这时我们可以⽤and, but, or等并列连词来连接这两个句⼦;也可以⽤分号(;)来连接。

此时,这两个简单句(此时也可称作分句)之间是并列关系,不能说⼀个分句作了另⼀个分句的什么成分。

⽤并列连词或分号连接起来的句⼦是并列句。

上两句可以改为:①.He likes English;his English is very good. (⽤分号连接)He likes English, so/and his English is very good.②.His wife was ill; he had to stay at home. (⽤分号连接)His wife was ill, so/and he had to stay at home.考点3.复合句A.⽤从属连词连接的句⼦是复合句。

高中英语语法通霸2020版之英语句子结构和成分

高中英语语法通霸2020版之英语句子结构和成分

第一章 句子结构和成分英语属于结构性语言。

英语的句子成分要按照特定的顺序(句子结构)来组织。

特定的句子成分要用特定的词性或语法结构来充当,特定的词性或语法结构只能充当特定的成分。

因此,要学好英语,一定要掌握好词性..、句子成分....和句子结构....等内容。

学好这些内容是学好其他语法知识的基础。

第1讲 相关概念考点1. 词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。

如果我们在记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母 原词 代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb动词 vt. transitive verb及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj. adjective 形容词 adv. adverb 副词 num.numeral数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron . pronoun 代词 prep. preposition 介词 art . article冠词 conj.conjunction连词口诀:n.为名,v.为动;adv.副adj .形;prep.介,pron.代;num.数art.冠, conj .连interj .感叹。

考点2. 及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。

① The door opened .(open 后面没跟宾语,此时open 是不及物动词。

)② He opened the door.(open 后面有宾语the door, 此时open 是及物动词。

) 注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

A. 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同 ① The meeting began at six. (begin 是不及物动词。

1.高中英语语法通霸怎样选用形容词和副词区别功能

1.高中英语语法通霸怎样选用形容词和副词区别功能

高中英语语法通霸1 怎样选用形容词和副词区别功能考点1.形容词+ly变副词的规则(参看P.错误!未定义书签。

错误!未找到引用源。

)练习:写出下列形容词的副词形式clear extreme strong kindshy exact free latecalm polite recent normal usual careful wonderful special beautiful possible probable simple terrible happy angry easytrue casual cheerful mental考点2.根据句子成分选用形容词和副词常见的使用形容词的情况:作表语、定语、补语。

He is a careful boy.(作定语,用形容词)He is careful.(作表语,用形容词)You must keep your eyes closed. (作宾语补足语,用形容词)。

常见的使用副词的情况:修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。

He writes carefully. He walks slowly.(认真地写,慢慢地走,修饰动词用副词)He is probably at home. 他很有可能在家里。

(联系:He is not careful. He is often late for school. not, often都是副词)This material is environmentally friendly.(修饰形容词用副词)He runs very slowly.(修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词)Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.(修饰整个句子用副词)可简单归结为:形修名,表补定;副做状,修“副句形动”(可谐音记为“付诸行动”)。

Ⅰ. 用括号内词的形容词或副词形式的适当形式填空, 并说明为什么用这种形式。

1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

高中英语语法通霸1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。

但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。

同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。

考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟)补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙)同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同)考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构:1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。

7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich)在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。

如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。

On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。

1.During the 1990s, American country music has becomemore and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English test has not beendecided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a small village.12.Now comes your turn.考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

高中英语语法通霸2020版之定语从句

高中英语语法通霸2020版之定语从句

第一章定语从句第1讲关系词的选择技巧考点1.相关概念A.主句、从句、关系词This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句:在含有定语从句的复合句中,除去定语从句后的部分,是句子的主句。

(例句中This is the boy是主句。

)定语从句:修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的句子是定语从句。

(例句中,who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句,修饰the boy。

)先行词:先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。

(例句中the boy是先行词。

)关系词:关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词。

(例句中,who是关系代词。

)B.关系代词I指人时可以用who, 也可用thatDo you know the boy who/ that is my desk mate?The man who/ that was killed in the accident is Tom’s uncle. II指物时可以用which, 也可用thatI like visiting places which/ that are not far away.How do you like the film which/ that was shown lastSunday?III whose可以指人也可以指物He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time.The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.IV关系代词作宾语时可以省略I like the meal that/ which / ( ) we had last night.Do you know the boy who/ whom /that/( ) we talked about just now? 注:()表示关系代词省略C.关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。

1.高中英语语法通霸第一二讲-(20787)

1.高中英语语法通霸第一二讲-(20787)

高中英语语法通霸第一讲相关概念考点 1,词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。

如果我们在记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt. transitive verb 及物动词vi. intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v modal verb 情态动词au. v auxiliary verb 助动词adj. adjective 形容词adv. adverb 副词num. numeral 数词Interj. Interjection 感叹词pron pronoun 代词prep preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj. conjunction 连词口诀:n 为名, v 为动; adv.副 adj.形; prep.介,pron.代;mum.数 art 冠,conj.连 interj .感叹考点 2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后而不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词The door opened(. open 后面没跟宾语,此时pen 是不及物动词,)He opened the door(.open 后面有宾语the door,此时 open 是及物动词,)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关健是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

A.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义相同The meeting began at six.( begin 是不及物动词,)We began the meeting at six.( begin 是及物动词,)B.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,词义不同The man walked away(walk 是不及物动词,意为“走” )He walked the dog every day.(walk 是及物动词,“遛”。

1.高中英语语法通霸谓语和非谓语动词主动关系和被动关系讲解

1.高中英语语法通霸谓语和非谓语动词主动关系和被动关系讲解

高中英语语法通霸1:什么是谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别主动关系和被动关系练习1.先找岀句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因。

1. Get up early is good for our health.早起有利于我们的身体健康。

2. I want go home now. 我现在想回家。

3. My favorite sport is play football.我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。

4. There is a bird sings in the tree.有一只鸟正在树上唱歌。

5. The boy sits over there likes singing.坐在那边的那个男孩喜欢唱歌。

6. The house was built last year has been sold out.去年建的那座房子已经岀售了。

7. The girls are singing over there are my classmates.在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。

8. My parents wanted him work hard.我父母亲想让他努力学习。

9. I remember saw him that day.我记得那天看见过他。

10. I saw him walked into the building.我看到他跑进那座建筑物。

考点1.主动关系和被动关系先看下面两个题:①_____ wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good sale.A.TastedB. Being tastedC. TastingD. Having tasted②The food _____ delicious q329950885sells well.A. smellsB. smelledC. smellingD. is smelling一些同学分别选A和B。

他们说,食物是被品尝、被闻的,和食物构成被动关系,所以要用过去分词。

高中英语语法通霸2020版之定语从句

高中英语语法通霸2020版之定语从句

第一章定语从句第1讲关系词的选择技巧1.The man______/______was her e yesterday is a painter.2.The man______/______/______/______I saw is called考点1.相关概念A.主句、从句、关系词This is t he boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句:在含有定语从句的复合句中,除去定语从句后的部分,是句子的主句。

(例句中This is t he boy是主句。

)定语从句:修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的句子是定语从句。

(例句中,who won t he first prize in t he English Speech Competition是定语从句,修饰t he boy。

)先行词:先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。

(例句中t he boy是先行词。

)关系词:关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词。

(例句中,who是关系代词。

)B.关系代词I指人时可以用who,也可用thatDo you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?The man who/that was killed in th e accident is Tom’s uncle. II指物时可以用which,也可用thatI like visiting places which/that are n ot far away.How do you like t he film which/that was shown last Sunday?III whose可以指人也可以指物He was a painter whose pictures were n ot well-known in his life time.The tree whose leaves are r ed was planted last year.IV关系代词作宾语时可以省略I like t he meal t hat/which/()we had last night.Do you know the boy w ho/whom/that/()we talked about just now?注:()表示关系代词省略C.关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。

英语必修1Unit2重要语法讲解

英语必修1Unit2重要语法讲解

Word 文档1 / 1英语必修1Unit2重要语法讲解重视连接,做好过渡高一新学期伊始,以下是我整理的关于高中英语必修1 Unit2:English Around theWorld 重要语法讲解,旨在提供综合运用所需材料,希望能够帮到你! 语法讲解引语的概念(以课文88页为主,本文重在方法提炼与稳固) 直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语 直接引语通常都用引号括起来 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来,叫间接引语 间接引语在多数状况下都构成一个 _宾语从句Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechShe asked, "Have you seen the film?'She asked me whether\if I had seen the film.He asks, "Are you a doctor, John?'He asks John if\whether he is a doctor.She asked us, "Where are you going to get off?'She asked us where we were going to get off.He asked them, "Who gave you a talk yesterday?'He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.总结 直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if 或whether 连接。

直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。

解题步骤:1.陈述句"I dont like computers,' Sarah said to her friends.第一步Sarah said to her friends that I dont like computers. ( Ishe 时态said 过去式 dont ---- didnt )第二步Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers. 2. 一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ) 第一步It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.第二步They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil. 第三步Asked 过去式 is ---- was第四步They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil. 3.特殊疑问句:When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him ) 第一步you harvest the wheat第二步They asked him When you harvest the wheat. 第三步(you --he)(harvest -- harvested)第四步They asked him when he harvested the wheat。

高中英语 Unit1 SectionⅡ 语法讲座 The Right Pr

高中英语 Unit1 SectionⅡ 语法讲座 The Right Pr

感顿市安乐阳光实验学校【三维设计】高中英语 Unit10 SectionⅡ语法讲座 The Right Price & Your Money专题练习北师大版必修4Ⅰ.用不定式改写下列句子1.I find that it is difficult to speak English well.→I find it difficult to speak English well.2.The boy got up earlier so that he might not be late again.→The boy got up earlier in order not to be late again.3.It seemed they were writing something for somebody.→They seemed to be writing something for somebody.4.It happened that they had known each other before.[→They happened to have known each other before.5.Jim doesn't know how he can improve his Chinese.→Jim doesn't know how to improve his Chinese.6.The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.→The progress to be made soon is very important.Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.I saw him go (go) out of the room ten minutes ago.2.I'm thirsty; please get me something to_drink (drink).3.The teacher told them not_to_make (not make) so much noise.4.There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know which to_choose (choose).5.In Asia, to_get (get) into a good public university, students have to take the entrance exam.6.Our aim is to_achieve (achieve) the task in six months.Ⅲ.单项填空1.________ a college student, you need to listen to your teachers and work hard in high school.A.Being B.To beC.Be D.Having been解析:选B。

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高中英语语法通霸第一讲相关概念考点1,词性的英文缩写在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。

如果我们在记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt. transitive verb 及物动词vi. intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v modal verb 情态动词au. v auxiliary verb 助动词adj. adjective 形容词adv. adverb 副词num. numeral 数词Interj. Interjection 感叹词pron pronoun 代词prep preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj. conjunction 连词考点2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后而不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时pen是不及物动词,)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语 the door,此时open是及物动词,)注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关健是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

AThe meeting began at six.( begin是不及物动词,)We began the meeting at six.( begin是及物动词,)BThe man walked away(walk是不及物动词,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day.(walk是及物动词,“遛”。

)CHe listens to the music every day.( listen为不及物动词,而汉语中“听”是及物动词。

)DI don't know what to do.I don't know why/how/when to do.第一个向子是正确的,what是do的宾语。

第二个句子需要在do后加it.E.后面可直接跟宾语从句,但跟名词、代词等作宾语时,是不及物动词,要跟介词I think it's interestingWhat do you think of the film?I replied that I was unable to help them. 我回答说我帮不了他们He has not yet replied to my question. 他还没有回答我的问题He insisted that I (should) apologize to her. 他坚持我应该向她道歉。

He insisted on paying for the meal. 他坚持要付饭钱。

He insisted on immediate payment. 他坚持要求对方立即付款。

练习1.指出下列句中斜体动词的词性(及物动词填vt,不及物动词填vi)1. Most birds can fly .2. The children are flying kites in the park.3. It happened yesterday.4. My watch stopped.5. The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother.6. She spoke at the meeting this morning.7. Shall I begin at once?8. She began working as a teacher after she left school.9. When did they leave Beijing?10. They left last week.练习2改错1. He never dreamed of that one day he would become President2. What do you think the plan?3. He never replied any of my letters4. He insisted staying up to nurse the patient.5. He entered into the classroom quietly.6. He will marry with her next month7.【2016全国 II】 My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday考点3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在向子中的含义和作用来划分的,实义动词也叫行为动词A.实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。

如He lives quite near.(live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词,)I like reading.(like“喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。

)I bought a pen yesterday.(buy“买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词,)B.助动词助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。

因此,助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问向、否定句、倒装向和帮助强调的词。

这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语.I. 帮助构成时态The boy is crying(is用来帮助构成现在进行时,和crying一起作谓语,是助动词。

)He has arrived.(has用来助构成现在完成时,和 arrived一起作谓语,是助动词,)I have been painting all day.( have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时,和 painting 起作谓语,都是助动词)II. 帮助构成否定句和疑问句Does he like English?(does帮助构成一般疑问句,没有具体意义,是助动词。

)He doesn’t have lunch at home.(does只是帮助构成否定句,没有具体意义,是助动词。

)III. 帮助构成被动语态Trees are planted in spring.(are帮助构成被动语态,没有具体意义,是助动词。

)The house has been pulled down.( has been帮助构成现在完成时和被动语态,是助动词。

)IV. 帮助构成虚拟语气If he had come yesterday, I wouldn't have made such a mistake.(had,have帮助构成虚拟语气,是助动词,属于谓语的一部分,)V.帮助构成倒装句So much did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday,(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天,他给地买了许多礼物,did只是助构成倒装句,没有具体意义,是助动词。

)VI.帮助构成强调意义的He did come yesterday.(他昨天确实来过,did起强调作用,没有具体意义,是助动词。

)C.一个词既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词时,具体是哪种,主要看它们在句中的功能He did his homework at seven o'clock. (did单独作谓语,意为“做”,是实义动词,)Did he do his homework yesterday?(did是助动词,帮助构成一般疑问句,do是实义动词,意为“做”,是实义动词。

)He has had breakfast. (has是助动词,帮助构成现在完成时,had是实义动词,意为“吃”, has had一起构成了向子的谓语,)练习3.指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词1. Does ( ) he like ( ) swimming?2. He does ( ) like ( ) swimming3. Where does ( ) he live ( )?4. He does ( ) some washing after work5. He has ( ) had ( ) supper already6. The bridge has ( ) been ( ) built ( )now7. I have ( ) been ( ) waiting for you all day.8. He was ( ) struck ( )by a stoneD.情态动词情态动词同助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,要和实义动词一起作谓语。

因此,情态动词也称为情态助动词。

情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于,基本助动词本身无意义,而情态动词有自己的意义如: He can swim across the river.(can的词义为“能够”)You must stay at home.(must的词义为“必须”)I might leave tomorrow.( might的词义为“或许”)第二讲句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。

但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。

同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。

考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”)状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟)补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙)同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同)考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构:1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich)在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。

如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主语在后面。

On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are)Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps )Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。

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