分子生物学笔

(gene)

RNA DNA

--(exon)

--(intron)

5'-3'-(UTR)

()

(split-gene)

(genome)

()

DNA

3X1 09(30bp)10

DNA C(C-value Paradox)

human genome project, HGP

genomics,structural genomics functional genomics

proteome proteomics

DNA

(2--3)

DNA•

()(>lO5)

DNA(Satellite DNA)

()

1

DNA

()

2

(long interspersed repeated segments) LINES

(Short interspersed repeated segments) SINES

SINES<500bp>105Alu

LINEs>1000bp(7Kb),104-105LINEl

()(Unique Sequence)

(gene family)

(ancestral gene)(duplication)

(gene cluster)(tandemly repeated

genes)rRNA tRNA

(Pseudogene) a1a1

(processed pseudogene)

1tRNA

1300tRNA tRNA

2rRNA

>l00copy rRNA(28S18S 5.8s-rRNA)

3

30-40copy7q32-q36

(H1H2A H2B H3H4)

intron Poly(A)- RNA

4

16p13(24Kb)5'------1--2--1--3'

11p15(60Kb)5'----Gr--Ar--------3'

(Supergene family Superfamily)

1A1u

50-1003-6Kb Alu

A1u300bp

2X130bp

+31bp()

7-21bp(direct repeats)?

Alu90%Alu

Alu

2• •

Variable number tamdem repeat VNTR

DNA(minisatellite DNA)

(6-40bp)(6-100)

VNTR----DNA fingerprint.

DNA H-Ras

3short tandem repeat,STR

DNA microstallite DNA

2-6(10-60),

l0kb

DNA STR

{CA)n50000-100000

116569bp(H)(L )mtDNA1324RNA(22rRNA 2tRNA)

2DNA

3mtDNA

4mtDNA

5DNA DNA

1--

2

3DNA

1DNA RNA

23X1033X106bp

3

4(RNA DNA)RNA

5

6

--(chromatin)

--(chromosome)

--

()(nucleosome)

DNA(H2A H2B H3H4) 1.8(146bp),

Linker DNA(0-80bp)

+Linker=(180-210bp)

DNA Ladder

()(histone)

1H2A H2B H3H4(102-135aa)

DNA

2H1(220aa)Linker DNA

•

130nm

2(looped domain)

3

=Chromatid)

46

(Karyotype)

()centromere)

()(telomere)DNA

DNA

1G(kb)

DNA TTAGGC

212-163'

DNA

DNA

DNA(DNA Replication)

DNA

1. (Semi-Conservative)

Meselson-Stahl

2. ()

(origin)+=(, Replicon)

3.(Semi-discontinuous)

(leading strand)-

(Lagging Strand)-,(okazaki fragment).

DNA()

1.DNA.

2RNA(RNA Primer)

8-14nt.3'-OH.

DNA(DNA Helicase),DNA.

(Proliferating cell nuclear antigen.PCNA)

.

(Telomerase)

(),RNA.RNA

.()

:.

PCR"TRAP"Telomerase repeat amplification

protocol Kim,N et al.,science,266,2011-2014(1994)

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