考博英语翻译笔记整理版(唐静主讲)

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唐静-强化翻译笔记

考研英语强化翻译——第一讲一、考研翻译的重要性略二、翻译的课程安排。

总共5次课，每次课2.5个小时，总共12.5小时，每2.5小时休息十分钟完成事情：1、基础知识2、所有问题用什么资料来复习考研翻译，怎么复习考研翻译考研翻译画线句子里面代词不要翻译my不要翻译出来。

例：I put my hand into my pocket. m y画线句子里面人名、地名、大写的国家名称要不要要翻译。

3、讲义中的真题讲解从96年讲到05年，不讲06-09年的题（它们与近些年的题难度相当），留在考前20天再做。

三、考研翻译的题型什么是考研翻译的所有问题？1、弄清什么是考研翻译考研翻译的题型分两个方面说：大的方面和小的方面大的方面——主观题a. 什么是主观题？用笔写汉字，不要抄英语b. 书写工整小的方面——阅读理解试卷共三道大题：1、完型填空但不要先做完型填空，不一定按照试卷顺序做2、阅读理解1）大阅读，一长篇文章共40分2）新题型，7选5 3）翻译题型要求Part C: Translation Directions: Please read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. 在翻译划线的五句话之前，没有没必有通读全文？不用读文章，直奔主题划线句子3、写作命题原则评分标准2、怎么做考研翻译四、考研翻译的命题原则■翻译命题原则（1）所选择的题材偏向专业领域的学术文献例如：09年考的是教育学（education ）出处：杜威《Democracy and Education 》发表于1916年04年考的沃尔夫的预言假说年考的沃尔夫的预言假说03年考的人类学、关于人、关于社会、关于文化定义之类的文章年考的人类学、关于人、关于社会、关于文化定义之类的文章96年——社会发展的区别年——社会发展的区别97年——动物的权利保护年——动物的权利保护98年——天体物理学中的大爆炸理论年——天体物理学中的大爆炸理论99年——历史研究的方法轮年——历史研究的方法轮00年——政府的宏观调控年——政府的宏观调控01年——人工智能的发展年——人工智能的发展02年——行为科学年——行为科学03年——人类学年——人类学04年——语言学年——语言学05年——传媒领域年——传媒领域06年——美国知识分子的作用年——美国知识分子的作用07年——法学在新闻报道中的作用年——法学在新闻报道中的作用08年——达尔文的思想及其变化年——达尔文的思想及其变化09年——教育学年——教育学（2）所选择的话题偏向文科等社会科学领域）所选择的话题偏向文科等社会科学领域考研翻译的话题有没有重复考过？考研翻译的话题有没有重复考过？没有没有如：考古学、建筑学、精神病学如：考古学、建筑学、精神病学（3）所选择的划线句总是长难句（平均长度为30个单词左右，多数为35个以上，最长的为58个词）个词）■ 评分标准考研英语强化翻译——第二讲一、考研英语的评分标准评分标准就是翻译的标准。

新东方【唐静】考研英语翻译必备单词

2008年46) believe, assert, claim, argue, assume, maintain, contend, point out, be convinced that, accept, prove, demonstrate, validate, state, scribe, tell, show, consider, opine, difficulty, difficult, compensate, compensate for, advantage, advantageous, advance, force, strength, power, thus, therefore, hence, enable, detect, detector, error, mistake, false, flaw, shortcoming, reason, reasoned, reasoning, reasonable, observe, observation, observer;47) follow, pure, purely, abstract, concrete, limit, confine, certain;48) as well, as well as, found, charge, change, critics, criticize, critical, criticism, while;49) add, addition, in addition, additional, tradition, traditional, humble, humbly, perhaps, possible, possibly, probable, probably, superior, superior to, super, inferior, inferior to, common, ordinary, banal, notice, attention, escape, carefully, careful, care, take care of;50) loss, lose (lost), at a loss, take a loss, injurious, injure, injury, intellect, intellectual, intelligence, wisdom, moral, virtue, virtually, virtual, character, characterize, characteristic;07年6) legal, law, preserve, conserve, institution, constitution, view, view…as, regard…as, take…as, see…as, special, specialize, specific, especial, especially; peculiar, peculiar t o, particular, particularly, rather than, necessary, essential, essence, critical, significant, significance, equipment, equip, facility;47) link, connect, connection, on the other, on the other hand, on the one hand, concept, notion, real, reality, in a way, in a manner, in a form, parallel, parallel to, journal, journalist, base, basic, basis, comment, comment on, cover;48) idea, profound, profoundly, far-reaching, citizen, rest on/upon, rely on, depend on/upon, responsible, responsibility, be held responsible for, response, media, news media, news agency, establish, established, establishment, convention;49) grasp, have a grasp of, command, have a good command of, feature, competent, competition, competitive, compete,50) reaction, react, action, in action, interaction, enhance, promotion, promote, preferable, prefer, infer, confer, favor, flavor, favorite, judge, judgment, make judgments of;06年46) define, definition, define…as…, select, elect, individual, active, activity, primary, duty, thinking, thought;47) analogous, analogous to, analyze, analysis, function, obligation, be obliged to do sth., be obliged to sb., obligate, be obligated to do sth., clear, course, cause, lead to, reveal, decision, decisive, decide;48) exclude, exclusive, include, conclude, conclusion, contribute, contribution, contribute to, make contribution to, distribute, distribution, accomplishment, accomplish, complete, solution, solve, resolve, be charged with, approach, aspect, inspect, expect, respect, expect, task;49) code, rule, dedicate, dedicate to, govern, government, energy, conduct, conduction, production, produce, explore, exploration; more than, less than, no more than, no less than, more than +数字, more than +名词/动词, more than +形容词/副词, no more than=no any more than;50) independent, independence, interdependence, reflect, reflection, make reflection on, earn, involve, salary;05年46) television, means, feeling, convey, connect, nation, create, invent, event, recent;47) multi-media, increase, increasingly, bring, publish, in relation to, relation, relate, related to, concern, concerning;48) alone, only, survive, underline, undergo, undertake, undermine, state, statistics, loss, take a loss, at a loss,49) identify, identity, respect, expect, aspect, represent, present, presentation, fabricate, fabric, continent, task, demand, choose, choice, strategic, policy;50) deal with, deal, challenge, scale, on…scale, exaggeration, it is no exaggeration to say…, unite, unity, divide;04年61) structure, instruction, instrument, construction, process, procedure, schedule, real, reality, realize, diversity, diverse, philosophy, philosopher;62) grateful, gratitude, different from, vanish, abolish, assimilate, similar, native, local;63) describ e, description, strike, striking, remark, remarkable, accuse, accuse…of…, data, date;64) interested in, relationship, relative, relatively, determine, habit, habitual, though;65) come to, believe in, a sort of, linguistics, physics, psychology, aesthetics, art, fine art, archaeology, anthropology, economy, psychiatry, law, media, cross-culture, mathematics, math, physician, chemistry, humanity, form, formula, formulate, grammar, pattern, produce, consequence, consequently;03年61) furthermore, further, ability, able, enable, inability, modify, change, charge, exchange, environment, deteriorate, subject, reject, refuse, fancy;62) branch, inquire, acquire, require, endeavor, order, disorder, system, passion, seek, scientific, science, phenomenon;63) combine, integrate, integration, perspective, unique, distinct, distinctly;64) complex, complicated, sophisticated, include, conclude, exclude, conclusion, custom, consume, consumer. Simple, simplicity, implicit, explicit;65) make…possible, res earch;02年61) almost, behavior, trait, trace;62) explain, explanation, explanatory, item, hard, remain, obscure;63) evolution, revolution, innovation, invention, invest, investigation, recognize;64) possess, possession, govern, government, theory, essential, credit, achieve, achievement, conduct, conduction;65) until, till, issue,01年71) chat, host, hold, pollution, containment;72) personality, personnel, personal, relax, relaxation, recreation, digital;73) breakthrough, break out, breakout, out-break, outset, take place, discover;74) ultimate, terminate, termination, century, millennium, decade, thousands of, hundreds of, for the better part of decade, half, quarter, triple, double;75) home, demotic, exotic, apply, apply to, application, appliance, control, operate, operation, cooperation, corporation, company;2000年71) condition, situation, circumstance, situate, vary, varying, various, variety, variety of, expert;72) obvious, ambiguous, be bound up with, bind, efficient, efficiency, industry, agriculture, horticulture, in turn, effort, all kinds;73) owing to, remarkable, mass, communication, community, expose, be exposed to, introduce, for the reason given above;74) pattern, spread, or so;75) stress, migrate, migration, arise from, arise, rise, give rise to, raise,1999年71) while, almost, historian, history, practice, conform, conform to, inform, uniform, attempt;72) valid, validate, validity, discipline, code, rule, intern, extern, quarrel, among;73) transfer, transparent, augment, argument, design, interpret, interpretation, evidence, evident;74) agreement, refer to, in general, generally, generally speaking, largely, appropriate, inappropriate;75) equal, equally, equate, equate…with, sou rce, resource, activity, animate, animation; 1998年71) look into, exist, exit, existence, resident, residence, citizen;72) giant, enormous, virtually, virtual, virtue, put forward, propose, dominant;73) report, finding;74) triumph;75) odd, sound, inflation, inflate, plausible, elementary, primary;1997年71) actually, in fact, account, accountant;72) contract, entitle, title, entitlement;73) discuss, discussion, consider, consideration, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, extend, extend to, treat;74) relevant, extreme, choose, choice;75) encourage, instinct;1996年71) cause, complete, result, result from, result in, to some extent, accelerate;72) trend, detail, in detail;73) support, an amount of, goal, immediate;74) elegant, elegance, in principle, principal, fascinate, delight;75) standard, criterion;1995年71) target, attack, in doing sth., divert, diversion, competent, incompetent, competition, competitive;72) predict, prediction, reliable, skill;73) experiment, experience, avail, available, comparative, compare, contrast;74) quality, precise;75) favorable, favor; youngster, tell;1994年71) not so much…as, as…as, not so…as, through, insight, welfare, health, worth, genius, improve, tool;72) contend, as we call it, number, numerable, innumerable, expand, a series of, direction, direct;73) ignore, careless, fundamental;74) revolve;75) finance, financial, vice versa, etc, et al.。

考博英语翻译笔记整理版(唐静主讲)综述

2010考研翻译笔记（主讲：唐静）一、考研翻译的三大基本问题（一）考研翻译的解题“奥秘”做真题，而不是看翻译做翻译＝写汉字（二）考研翻译的题型、命题原则和考试内容1、题型①大的方面：主观题——汉字书写工整②小的方面：阅读题没有必要通读全文有些情况下，需要阅读划线句子的上下文划线句子有代词，需要读上下文2、命题原则①体裁偏向学术文献，比较抽象②题材偏向文科领域（1998年理科的）③划线的句子长30个字左右，为长难句3、考试内容=考点1）考察专有名词、词组和多义词的解释（1）专有名词人名、地名、国家名称、术语、组织机构名称（2）专业术语Big Bang大爆炸理论inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论（3）学科术语anthropoloist人类学家anthropological人类学的inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论SARS非典（4）词组as……as by means ofhome appliances家用电器die out灭绝（5）多义词：school 学派before以前serve起作用life 生命、生活（6）熟词生义set （成套）设备；集、集合offend 冒犯；排污超标；污染超标particle 粒子（7）生词：超纲词2）考察一般性翻译技巧，包括词序调整、词义选择A、词序调整：即改变英语单词在汉语译文中的先后顺序46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.在联系不同民族和国家方面，电视也许以前没有像在最近欧洲事件中起如此重大的作用。

新东方考研翻译唐静老师笔记（十一）

新东⽅考研翻译唐静⽼师笔记（⼗⼀）**状语和状语从句英语中状语和状语从句常常可以直接翻译。

有时候需要把时间、条件、⽬的和原因状语从句翻译在主句之前。

状语翻译的最佳位置是在主语后、动词前。

时间翻译在前⾯，地点翻译在后⾯。

如果分词短语作状语在英语句⼦最前⾯的时候常常增加逻辑主语在翻译。

例：①01（75）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout ofa new psychological disorder---kitchen rage.i、个⼈⽣词:appliance ⽤具，器具（home appliances 家⽤器具）smart ⼩巧，精巧，智能化result in 导致breakout 爆发psychological ⼼理的disorder 混乱rage 狂暴，精神错乱kitchen rage 厨房综合症，厨房狂躁ii、⽅法：”so…that”结果状语从句“如此（太），以⾄于”iii、其他tips:a、”result in the breakout of new psychological disorder---kitchen rage.”注意翻译顺序，从后往前，最后翻译”kitchen rage”iv、参考译⽂：⽽且家⽤器具也将变得如此智能化，以⾄于控制和操作它们将会引发⼀种新的⼼理上的爆发（疾病）---厨房狂躁②02（65）Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.i、个⼈⽣词:issue 问题resolve 解决technology 技术（⼿段）behavior ⾏为reject 排斥ii、⽅法：until引导的条件状语从句，这⾥可以翻译为“如果不”iii、其他tips:a、 “with it” 翻译为“随之”b、 “and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems”这句话省略了谓语”will continue to be rejected”（前后句是并列结构）c、 “a technology of behavior”翻译为“（研究）⾏为的技术（⼿段）”。

唐静翻译笔记(全)

考博翻译最难做。

（1）翻译是主观题。

（2）做翻译需要单词基础，语法基础，阅读基础和强大的汉语功底。

例：本次旅行有北京、上海等地。

This trip/travel/tour includes Beijing and Shanghai.（3）各所学校的命题非常不稳定。

[/p][p=30, 2, center]英译汉[/p][p=30, 2, center]考博翻译的概述[/p][p=30, 2, left]翻译你做过吗？做翻译不是看翻译Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 在联系不同的民族和国家方面，电视或许以前从来没有像在最近欧洲事件中其如此大的作用。

在联系不同的民族和国家方面，电视像在最近欧洲事件中起的作用之大前所未见。

[/p][p=30, 2, center]怎么做英译汉[/p][p=30, 2, left]One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.[/p][p=30, 2, left] The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, education and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they soon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideas and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values.[/p][p=30, 2, left]It was a term derived from Cicero, who used it in the sense of devotion to the liberal arts, or the subjects most compatible with the dignity of man. The humanists rejected the Scholastic philosophy with its preoccupation with theology and logic. They strove for a smooth and elegant style that would appeal more to the aesthetic than to the rational side of man's nature.[/p][p=30, 2, left]翻译的步骤：一、画竖线目的：初步断开句子结构，化繁为简原则：1、拆出主句，分清从句；2、拆出主干，分清修饰；最佳方式：找断句点（1）连词；（2）引导词；（3）介词；（4）分词；（5）to；（6）标点符号；[/p][p=30, 2, left]（79）We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial to the future progress of the race.[/p][p=30, 2, left]二、写汉字：以每一小节作为单位来写汉字目的：初步了解每一个小结构的意思；[/p][p=30, 2, left]（79）We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial to the future progress of the race.[/p][p=30, 2, left]三、连汉字目的：把每一小节连接成为通顺的句子；需要适当地调整顺序，或者把一些不通顺的词语替换掉。

考博英译汉讲义

英译汉专项Unit 1I. 英汉翻译原理第一讲：什么是翻译？【例1】The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.（“×”号表示译文有问题，下同）×树的历史开始于森林中，直到生产为木板后被使用为止，成为一个有趣且有许多事例的激动人心的故事。

上面这句话的原文实际上主要说了两点内容：1、树的历史的起迄时间2、树的历史是怎样一回事【译文】一棵树，从它在森林中生长起直到被制成木板使用为止，这段历史会构成一个饶有趣味的故事，在很多情况下这个故事十分激动人心。

【例2】There are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.×有两个调节系统相互作用。

一个定时系统来自于我们的感官和胃的证明，就是当我们生活在一个特定的时区所经历的周期性。

【译文】人体有两个相互作用的时间调节系统。

一个时间调节系统依据感官和胃发出的信息，依据我们生活在某个时区所体验的周期性规律。

寻找对等词语和结构然后将其串接成句的翻译方法，常表现如下：1、简单语句的译文虽然生硬，但基本可读。

如：【例3】I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.×我能看到音乐史上有三种不同的作曲家，他们中每一个人以某种不同的方式创作音乐。

考博英语翻译讲义

We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency. 我们取得一些成就，但要防止自满情绪。 From the evaporation of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain condition. 人们从水的蒸发现象了解到，液体在一定条件下能变成气体。 Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。某些由动词或形容词派生的抽象名词，可增加适当的名词。例如：persuasion（说服工作）；preparation （准备工作）；backwardness（落后状态）； tension（紧张局势）；arrogance（自满情绪）；
Day after day he came to his work – sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。 Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia. 玛丽的丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。 After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。 In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 一九六九年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。

Lesson 7考博英语

Lesson 71.curtail v.缩短，消减例句：The new law curtails police powers.2.custodial a.监护的，照管的，管理员的n.圣物保存器3.dampen v.潮湿，减弱，抑制例句：Dampen the soil a little before you put the seeds in. 4.dart vi.猛冲，飞奔vt.投射n.飞镖，飞奔例句：Dr. Liu darted down the stairs.5.debilitating a.使衰弱的6.辨析decay，decompose，rotDecay常指从完整的状态下自然变坏Decompose指由腐败而分解成原来的化学成分Rot常用来指腐烂到了无法辨认的程度7.deciduous a.非永久的，短暂的，脱落的，落叶的8.decree n.命令，法令v.颁布命令，公告搭配：It is forbidden by decree to…法律禁止…例句：It is forbidden by decree to smoke in hospitals in the country.9.辨析：deduce，induce，reduceDeduce 推论，演绎出Induce 引诱，引起，导致Reduce 减少，缩小10.d eduction n.推论，演绎，扣除11.d efecate v.澄清，精华，排粪例句：Sudden brain injury causes the victim to simulaneously urinate and defecate.12.辨析defect，deficitDefect 缺点，缺陷Deficit 赤字13.d efer vt.推迟，延迟vi.听从例句：We will defer to your opinion.14.d eference n.听从，敬重15.d eferential a.恭敬的16.d efiance n.违抗，藐视搭配：in defiance of 违抗，无视17.d efinitive a.最可靠的，权威性的，决定性的18.d eforest v.滥伐森林，砍掉…上的树林例句：Everyone who unlawfully deforests the land will be punished.19.d eform v.损坏…的形状，使…变形例句：Shoes that are too tight can deform the feet.20.d efunct a.死的，不再使用的，失效的21.d egeneracy n.衰退，堕落，倒退22.辨析debase，degrade，disgrace，humiliateDebase常用于物，强调贬低某事物的价值或质量，用于人的时候，一般指降低了某人的道德水准。

博士英语考试要点总结(完美版)-整合word版本

博士英语考试要点总结(完美版) 整合博士英语复习资料分数组成：卷面80分+出勤10分+口试10分卷面：一. 听力选择（放2遍）：1分*10=10分二. 给出后缀，要求写出它的意思，并以此后缀造词并写出中文意思：分*10=5分三、单复数的变化四. 选择正确的解释并将所选选项翻译成中文（神经系统、消化系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统、药理）：本题出自各章课后习题Multiple choice部分：1分*10=10分五. 2段英翻中（医学科普）：5分*2=10分2段中翻英（一般为中医）：内容包括证、病机、症状、治则的翻译,书中以肺为例，考试中可以变为脾等脏。

详见《博士生医学英语教材》中的IX、X、XI：10分*2=20分六. 给一段中文科普文章，翻译成80字左右的英文摘要七. 作文：Economic Growth and Environment(80字) A4纸手写、不能从网上下，夹在卷子里：10分一．复数形式（教科书P42~43）Ampulla—Ampullae 尾突（另有一意思为壶腹）Corona—Coronae 冠状Vertebra—Vertebrae 脊椎Bronchus—Bronchi 支气管Capillus—Capili 毛发Fungus—Fungi 真菌Omphalos—Omphali 脐Genus—Genera 属Stercus—Stercora 粪Gonad—Gonades 性腺Testis—Testes 睾丸Diagnosis—Diagnoses 诊断Psychosis—Psychoses 精神病Epididymis—Epididymides 附睾Thorax—Thoraces 胸部Appendix—Appendices 阑尾Pollex—Pollices 拇指Meninx—Meninges 脑脊膜Caries—Caries龋齿Derma—Dermata 真皮，皮肤Sarcoma—Sarcomata 肉瘤Stoma—Stomata 口Flagellum—Flagella 鞭毛Labium—Labia 唇Protozoon—Protozoa 原生动物格（p17~p20）及课后练习题I的所有单词。

新东方唐静翻译笔记完整版

第一课时（FY01-1~4）开场白三个论断：1、考研英语是中国大陆组织的最难一级的英语考试2、考研翻译是考研英语中最难的一部分翻译满分10分，平均3.5分3、非英语专业，未接受翻译训练中国目前翻译现状课程安排：系统的翻译知识解决考研翻译的所有问题讲解考研真题（1994－2003）本次课讲解四个方面的问题，包括三大核心概念一、考研翻译中英汉语语言特点考生试卷中常见两种问题：1、空白2、不是人话什么是翻译翻译理论、翻译教学、翻译实践英汉语两种语言之间的转换考研翻译是把试卷上的英语弄成汉语1、英汉语两种语言的四大特点1）形合与义合突破口2）繁复与简短(62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.化繁复为简短：长句拆译3）被动与主动化被动为主动：少用‘被’字4）抽象与具体化抽象为具体：根据汉语习惯增加表示范畴和概念的词来解释具体第二课时（FY02-1~4）evolution 进化in evolution 在进化过程中find v. 找到，发现finding n. 发现report their finding 汇报他们的发现成果tension 紧张ease the tension in the Middle East 缓解中东的紧张局势must 必须The Great Wall is a must for tourists. 对游客来说长城是一个必须到的地方。

唐静翻译视频课笔记

唐静翻译视频课笔记基础阶段：一、概论考研翻译的题型（了解）、命题原则（了解）、和评分标准（掌握）1.题型（最难）*从大的方面说：主观题1）写汉字：不要抄英语不要留空白①单词：A.蒙e.g.Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment.人类有能去____环境（改造、改变）B.背背真题单词2000年以后80句话②真题的使用：翻译真题使用的三个阶段：A.2000~2010年：11年55句话，最重要B.1990~2000年：10年50句话，次重要C.2010~现在：极重要，适合考前模拟2）书写工整*从小的方面说：阅读题1）阅读理解的Part C2）5个长难句3）分值：满分10分，每句2分4）文章一般不用通读，但是划线句上下文需要看。

（句中某一个单词的理解、代词指代）上下文分为上文和下文，句内上下文和句外上下文E.g.i.However,the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects.不是方面看上文deal with解决处理造句填空解决处理___不是方面而是问题ii.In dealing with a challenge on such scale,it is no exaggeration to say“United we stand,ealing with a challenge on such scale, divided we fall.dealing with下文challenge____挑战不说解决挑战而是面对iii.While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.下文adults成年人和成年人沟通、打交道5）考场时间控制20~25分钟4~5分钟1句话顺序：阅读→作文→翻译→新题型→完形填空小作文在51题写！！！2.命题原则1）体裁：偏向学术文献，属于“通识”读物97年：动物权利保护98年：天体物理学：大爆炸理论99年：历史研究方法论00年：政府的宏观调控能力01年：人工智能的发展02年：行为科学03年：人类学04年：语言学05年：欧洲的电视媒体业06年：知识分子的作用07年：法律在新闻报道的作用08年：达尔文的思想09年：教育学10年：生态学11年：人的性格和环境的关系12年：人类对一致性的追求13年：花园及人类的生存14年：对贝多芬音乐的评价2）话题：偏向文科，社会科学领域3）划线句长度：每句30个单词左右，长度为150词。

唐静总结历年翻译短语

唐静总结历年翻译短语[1994]not so much…as…可以理解为“...不如...那么多”，引申为“与其说是...不如说是...”because of “因为”in short “总之，简言之”as we call it “我们所谓的”a series of “一系列”over the years “多年来，这些年来”turn…on…词典解释为“开启, 变得兴奋, 突然装出, 开始”，但题中turn...telescope on the heaven可译为“把...望远镜对准太空”rather than “与其...不如...”或“不是...而是...”，在此应理解为“而不是...”at the expense of “由...付费；以...为代价”vice versa 拉丁语“反之亦然”depend on “依赖，依靠，取决于”the driving force “驱动力”1995in doing sth. “在做...的过程中”divert…from…“把...从...转移开来”lie with…“取决于”be validated by…“被...所证实”whether…or…“是做...还是做...”，句中可译为“是使用...还是使用...”depend upon…and on…“取决于...同时还取决于...”depend upon…and upon…“取决于...同时还取决于...”such…as…“诸如...这样的...”in general “通常，大体上，一般来说”for example “例如”compensate for “补偿，赔偿，弥补”grow up “长大”under…circumstances. “在...情况下”（under no circumstances 无论如何，决不）1996be results of…“是...的结果；由于...的原因”social needs “社会需求”to some extent “在某种程度上”come to the conclusion “得出了这样的结论”make demand of…“提出要求”scientific establishment “科研机构”in detail 详细地a certain amount of “一定数量的”not related to…“与...没有关系”immediate goals “直接目标”be unable to do…“没有能力去做...”in principle “原则上，基本上，大体上，在理论上”deal with “解决，处理”new forms of thought “新的思维方式”as well as “和，也，又”new subjects for thought “新的思维对象（或内容）”in the past “过去”give rise to sth. “引起，导致”1997an agreed account of…“关于...的共识”human rights “人权”leads ...to…“导致...走向...”或者“将...引向...”at the outset “开始，开端”invite sb. to do sth. “使某人去做某事”extend to 通常表示“伸出，延伸，扩展”；有时表示“提供、给予”，在此为第二种解释no…at all. “完全不，完全没有”Arguing from the view that…同“arguing that..."（大约是“认为是”的意思）different from.... “与...不相同”in every relevant respect “在每一个相关的方面”in action “在起作用”rather than “而不是”1998even more important 更为重要的是……be able to 能够……look into 观察，调查，向……的里面看，窥视，浏览put forward 提出be required for sb. to do sth. 向某人提出做某事的要求close in on…观测，研究本文应译为“靠近，接近”as expected 同预计的一样1999as…as………和……一样conform to 与……一致，与……相符合，符合，遵照，遵守see…as 把……看作……less…and more…与其说是因为……，不如说是因为……whether…or…是……还是……refer to 指，谈到，涉及peculiar to………所特有的in genera 一般的appropriate to………所适用的，……所适合的apply to 适用于，应用于，作用于，存在于（本文取此义）view…as…把……看作是……，认为……就是……equate…with…. 把……和……等同起来，认为……就是……2000under…conditions 在……条件下such as 像……，诸如……it is obvious that…显而易见的是be directly bound up with 与……密切相关in turn 轮流的，反过来rest upon…依靠，依赖，取决于of all kinds 各种……owing to 由于，因为be exposed to sth. 使……受到，使……接触be forced to do sth. 被迫……，不得不……for the reasons given above 由于上述原因spread over 遍布在……，延长，持续or so 大约because of 由于arise from…由……引起modern means of transport 现代交通工具2001be regarded as…把……看作rather than 是……而不是……，与其说……不如说……piece together 拼凑，汇集，整理hundreds of 数以百计的……around the world 世界各地key breakthroughs 重大突破take place 发生point out 指出lead to 导致home appliances 家用电器result in 导致2002what is called 所谓的trace…to…根据……来寻找……的根源and so on 等等…partly because…and partly because…部分原因是……，部分原因是……be held responsible for…对……负责任give credit for…因……而获得信任with it 随之……2003subject…to…使臣服，使隶属，使服从define…as…把...定义为makes…possible 使...成为可能2004have some connections with…与...存在某种联系take root 扎根be obliged to sb. 感谢某人die out 消亡，灭绝，逐渐消失so…that…如此...以至于...accuse sb. of…因为...控告（或指责）某人be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣come to 进而believe in 相信，信仰a sort of 一种，某种produce consequences for 对...产生影响2005bring together 把...组合到一起in relation to 关于, 涉及, 与…相比，与...相关one another 彼此，互相…out of…在...之中no less than 不少于take a loss 亏损make up 组成deal with 应付，处理on a scale 在某个规模it is no exaggeration to say…毫不夸张的说2006define…as…把...定义为...be analogous to…类似于...，与...相似as…as…象...一样...lead…to…使得（导致）...做...contribute to…有助于...，对...有贡献be charged with…承担...，被控告（在此是第一个意思）dedicate…to…把...投入到...make reflections on…对...进行思考。

考研翻译笔记唐静

（一）考研翻译的解题“奥秘”做真题做翻译=写汉字Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-----and perhaps never before has it serve d so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.电视是一种激发和传递这些感情的方式。

在联系不同民族和国家方面，电视也许以前从没有起如此大的作用像在最近几次欧洲事件中。

means：方式by means of by modern means of transportCreate：激发create feelingsServe：起作用Peoples：民族（二）考研翻译的题型、命题原则和考试内容1、考研翻译的题型1大的方面：主观题汉字书写工整2小的方面：阅读题没有必要通读全文有些情况下，需要阅读划线句子的上下文划线句子有代词，需要读上下文2、考研翻译的命题原则1体裁偏向学术文献，比较抽象2题材偏向文科领域3划线的句子长30个字左右，为长难句3、考研翻译的考试内容=考点1考察专有名词、词组和多义词的解释专有名词：人名、地名、国家名称、组织机构名称、术语专业术语（常识性质的专有名词）：Big Bang大爆炸理论SARS非典学科术语：anthropological 人类学的linguistics 语言学词组：as…as by means of例如，home appliances 家用电器die out 灭绝多义词：before serve life熟词生意：set 集，集合offend 排污超标particle 粒子生词：超纲词2考察一般性翻译技巧包括：词序调整、词义选择A词序调整：即改变英语单词在汉语译文中的先后顺序例如，I studied very hard in the classroom at 6 every morning.我每天早上六点钟在教室认真地学习。

考博英语常见知识点汇总

Whisper 小声细语Proclaim大声宣告reclaim纠正，收回acclaim欢呼，喝彩claim 要求，声称Deteriorate使土地变坏，恶化Criticize批评object反对不及物动词objectto/against oppose反对，及物动词，直接跟宾语反对某种观点或计划frown皱眉frownon不同意Renown声誉名望prominence卓越，显著的地位authority权威，专家，当局Intensify加剧enforce迫使Feasible可行的appropriate合适的apt有……倾向的，恰当的Countenance面容，表情Hindrance阻碍Patriotisms爱国主义Reproach斥责beyond reproach无可指责的reprehend斥责Plague 瘟疫，灾害，折磨Avail 利用，效益，有利于availoneselfofsth 利用Indulge沉溺于，放纵indulgeinLaudatory赞美的lascivious好色的，淫荡的languish憔悴的lethargic昏睡的，无生气的Fill one’s prescription 给某人开处方Tobeblamefor主动结构表示被动意义，不能采用blame的被动形式Bechargedwith被控告denounce公然抨击Identical同一的，完全相同的superficial表面的，肤浅的Atbest最多allength最后，详细的inbulk大量的，详细的ineffect实际上Getby过得去，过活getaround出行V oluntarily自动的，以自由意识的compulsorily强制的Eliminate 消除，淘汰dispose处理，处置exclude排除extinguish熄灭，扑灭abolish 对法律习俗的废除Accommodate提供住宿/房间，迎合，迁就furnish提供生活或某种用途需要的东西Admit说服，再三追问下承认confess坦白，招认concede勉强不得不承认Affiliate加入，成为……的一部分Stretch延展，延伸stretchone’smind绞尽脑汁reinforce加固，增援Bewilder使困惑，茫然perplex使疑虑不安Compel 强迫，迫使，使用权力/力量迫使Constrain力劝，强迫更强调内心的情感的迫使Force强迫（暴力威胁）常用被动语态Oblige（法律/习俗）强迫常用被动语态Confinement限制，囚禁restraint克制，抑制Credible可信的，可靠的credulous轻信的plausible似乎可信Transcend超出，超越（一般经验/常识）难以为大众理解Feasible可行的practicable可行的practical实用的pragmatic 实用的，务实的Refrain抑制，禁止不及物动词正式refrainfromRestrain限制及物动词restrainsbfromdoingsthconstrain限制，力劝及物动词subordinate次要的，从属的，下级的acquire经过努力逐渐获得的知识/才能/习惯等attain经过努力获得不曾预料的结果，达到某一目标obtain获得，买到，正式语体gain通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处，或军事武力夺取adjust微小的改变或技术调整amend正式修改法律文件等alter使事物在外观/性质/用途方面稍作改变striveforsuperiorityovertheirpeers力争优于同龄人plight困境polarization极化，对立plague 折磨tentative实验性的decisive决定性的soar飙升mutate突变plummet暴跌fluctuate波动sophisticated复杂的，世故的shrink收缩inscribe雕刻decorate装饰maintain保持BIMequalsbodymassdividedbythesquareofheight. 公式BIM=体重/身高的平方Inessence事实上inturn依次Qualityas被认为Groundedinhealthconcerns基于对健康的关注Aroundthe corner 在拐角处，迫在眉睫，即将到来Takeover接管Withdraw有“提款，取款”的含义fundsa re withdrawn from the issuer’s accounts. Copewith处理，解决fightagainst对抗，抵制Concernwith关心，挂念concernfor关心，对……的关心Controlover控制，支配Taketo喜欢takeafter与……相像takeon承担takewith将……带上Becapableof能够Down-trodden被压迫的Explosivepopulationgrowth人口爆炸A torrentofmigration移民潮Bytheturnsofthe century在世纪之交Miracle奇迹miseries痛苦，灾难Makelifelessthan complete使人生不完整因果关系thus表示结果for表示原因Utterly十分，完全的arrogant傲慢amusingepisode有趣的插曲drawn疲惫的whimsical 异想天开，古怪edict法令，告示Pass around by word of mouth 口头相传Improviseout of ……即兴而发Deduce 推断，演绎Time-honored 历史悠久的Aninflated ego 膨胀的自我pant喘气，气喘吁吁的讲panttoBrim边缘fulltothebrim满满当当sortout整理Forallthat尽管grantedthat即使despitethe fact that 不管（引导让步状语从句）Conformto 遵照，顺从Proponent支持者，提倡者predecessor前辈belittle贬低Improvisation即兴创作dogged顽固的prodigious惊人的jettison抛弃Elaborate精心制作的watershed分水岭，流域astounding令人震惊的Raucous喧闹的Dogmaticexplanation教条的解释indignantdenial愤怒的拒绝Enthusiasticpraise热情的赞扬speculativestudy思辨的研究Proposition 命题demographic人口统计学Dropout退出groundless毫无根据，莫须有Spectacularly壮观的Emit排放greenhousegases温室气体Protest抗议politicking政治活动Holistic整体的Be fascinatedwith sth. 对……很是着迷Inbad shape一团糟pastime消遣，娱乐Liveoff住在……外，靠……生活AearnB’s living A 争钱养活B，B靠A养活Takein接受，接待；吸收，理解；包括；轻信；注意到；欺骗Ontheside兼职，另外Contend竞争，主张，声明Bringin引进，带来，生产Multifarious五花八门Perception感知，观念perspective观点Miscellaneous杂项miscellaneousdomains多项领域Foritsown sake 为了其自己的利益pursuit追求knowledge pursuit Orient东方的，标定方向，使……成为东方oriented导向的，定向的CareerorientedaspectDestination目标workingskill-orienteddestinationPrevailing盛行的，普遍的prevailingsenseCradle摇篮nurture培育，滋养be taken as the cradle tonurture dreams Chaseup 追求survive in the fierce competition在激烈的竞争中生存下去broadeneyes拓宽眼界satisfythe natural curiosity 满足好奇心cultivate acreativemindexplore the answers for the meaning of lifegive rise to lead toprevail over 战胜prevailing 流行prevail取胜，占优势，盛行prevailon/upon劝说，诱使I’m not a believer in the agreement that ……practicalneed实际需要offersatisfiedanswerto the practical need of each studenta case in point 一个例子letalone更不用说notto mentionfind themselves in an awkward situation whereinvariably 不变的carrya duel role 扮演双层角色arousedby激起，引起run into difficult 遇到困难tackle解决to tackle this problemtake priority over 优先taketheupperhand占上风business prosperity商业繁荣indispensable 不可或缺的mutual相互的mutualrelationshipbetweenAandBtake severe measures 采取严厉的措施adept熟练，内行，老手averse不喜欢的，厌恶的affectation假装，做作aptitude才能，天资denounce告发，斥责renounce正式放弃pronounce宣告，断言apprise通知，告知appraise评估，鉴定assent同意dissent不同意ascent上升descent下降retire退休retreat后退，撤退retract收缩，收回retard延迟，迟缓refrain抑制，禁止optimal最优，最佳oppressed压迫的takepriorityover优先于segregation种族隔离，分离specification说明书subscription捐献，订阅dispense发放dispose处理disperse分散，驱散dispatch调度，派遣contaminate污染culminate达到高潮contract合同incentive激励fugitive逃亡equality平等equation方程式equivalent等价物equity公平concise简洁的decisive决定性的，果断的decline减少incline俯身recline躺下，靠reflect反应inflect曲折变化deflect偏离inflexible灵活的affluent富足的fluent流畅的fluctuate波动，欺负affirm坚定不移的肯定或声称assert不管事实如何，主观自信的宣称或清楚有利的支持allege无凭无据的情况下宣称断定claim要求声称，断言，多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张aggravate加重（负担，罪行，病情等）reinforce增援，一般用于军队或警察活动detach拆开组合的物体，远离，疏远divide将整体分为若干部分ambiguous意义含糊，有歧义的指因字词句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清，难以理解和把握obscure 因光线不足而看不清，引申为语法文字记忆因复杂深奥模棱两可而使人难以理解vague含混不清楚的，因逻辑不清言辞笼统而导致意义不清楚轮廓形状不清楚unclear句意字迹不清楚blame 责怪，归咎于blamesb for ding sth condemn谴责，用于正式严肃的场合reproach（书面语）责备，表不满scold责骂，训斥brittle易碎的，易损坏的指坚硬的东西fragile必须小心使用才不会碎的东西，引申为体弱虚弱frail体弱的虚弱的或东西易碎的invalid不正确的，无效的boundary边界，界线多指作为界线的标志物border较宽的边缘两国分界附近边缘地带frontier边界，边疆引申为未开发的领域学术前沿verge道路花坛边缘，某事即将发生之际on the verge of warbrief 简明扼要简短的时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了虽短却不失体面concise简要精炼保留主要部分curt三言两语，简短的，草率的succinct简明的，简洁的，简练的用词简练component零部件（某事物）组成部分element元素，组成部分，方面factor因素，要素ingredient原料，成分，要素abideby遵守，同意adhereto遵守conformto遵守，符合complywith遵守，服从（正式）comprise包含，包括，组成compose构成be composed of (被动语态) consist构成consistof主动语态constitute构成conserve保存保藏保护（节约）reserve保留，储备订座位preserve保护维持保养continual连续不断频繁时有发生continuous连续不断的中间不停顿constant 不断经常始终如一的经常出现incessant不停的持续不断的令人厌烦的不断出现中间可能有停顿convert转换，转变（观点）invert使颠倒反向（位置方向）revert归还，回复原状transform改变转变（外观，性质）reproach责备reprehend斥责plague瘟疫灾害折磨avail有利于，利益availsbofsth利用deprive剥夺indulge放任，沉溺于at best 最多atlength最后，详细的inbulk 整批，大批get by 过得去，过活getaway逃脱，离开getaround出行getalong和睦相处get through 被理解向…讲清楚strivefor力争ascertain查明plight困境plague瘟疫tentative暂时的，实验性的soar飙升mutate突变plummet骤跌fluctuate波动negligent懈怠的edible食用的fabulous难以置信的，惊人的，极好的disproportionate 不成比例的passup错过repeal废止，撤销resent怨恨clarity透明的slack使缓慢shrill尖锐torrent连续不断的tensile拉长的textured特征显著的wither枯萎catastrophic灾难性的by virtue of 由于，凭借forthesake of 为了……利益advent到来，出现subsidize资助cast a shadow over 给……罩上阴影soak to the skin 湿透chat away 闲谈in no mood 没心情in the course of 在……的过程中in linewith 与……一致be a match for 配得上，可匹敌的agreeby受到认同resonate with 得到回应none the better for it 不会因为……变得更好，依然如故to the core 彻底的，完全的to the end 到底in custody (法庭审判前)被拘留监禁in jeopardy 处于危险中in suspicion 被怀疑in probation 被缓刑amount to 相当于contributeto 促使……发生dedicate to 将（时间精力）奉献给（工作事业）add to 增添recite prayers 诵经jointly-acquired property 共同获得的财产by account 相反的insidious潜伏的，阴险的thrive兴盛，茁壮成长humiliation羞辱subtle微妙的dozingoff打瞌睡self-reliant独立的self-sufficiency 自给自足bleak昏暗的，凄凉的depict 描绘trail拖沓而行，跟在……后面flinchback退缩desolate荒凉的bustling繁忙的thriving兴旺的fraudulenthappiness虚假的幸福fraudulent欺骗的deluding欺骗euphoric欣快的繁荣昌盛prosperity崎岖不平rough惊天动地earth-shaking典雅大方elegant and graceful轻柔松软soft and light立场坚定firm in stand(将四字词组译为介词/副词/不定式短语)目光远大broad in vision 头脑敏捷swift in wit 业务熟练qualified in profession 才华出众outstanding in talent 风格高尚noble in character思想正确、办事公道correct in their thinking and fair挑拨离间fomentdissensionfoment煽动dissension纠纷兴风作浪stir up disorder纵目眺望as far as sight could reach农民工migrant workers guest workers奢侈无度extravagant 挥金如土spend money like water老黄牛hard-working men水深火热in deep water风驰电掣as quick as lighting捕风捉影to run after shadows人山人海a sea of people摇唇鼓舌to set tongues wagging敲门砖an open sesameHorizon 视野，眼界Publicize 宣传丰富知识、开阔视野enrich one’s knowledge, broaden one’s horizon留学生overseas students人才流失brain drain汉语热Chinese language craze据统计according to statistics高等学校institution of higher education开设汉语课程offer courses of Chinese language主要目的是for the main purpose of从事贸易活动engage in trade activities传达……信息convey a message that低碳生活low carbon life减少二氧化碳排放reduce the emission of carbon dioxideExpenditure 花费，开销Conduct行为，举止；实施be conducted in …manner如今，这股风潮逐渐在中国一些大城市兴起，不知不觉中改变了人们的生活方式Nowadays, this fashion prevails in some big cities of China, altering people’s life before they realize it.Practice 实行节约用电saveelectricity塑料袋plasticbags一次性产品disposableproducts Disposable一次性的，用后即弃的乘坐公共交通工具take public transport节能环保energy-efficient and environmental-friendly大大有利于contribute tremendously to …全球气候变换及环境恶化global warming and environment deterioration Inevitably 不可避免的Stick to traditional principles and beliefsTurn blind eye to keep pace withBe labeled as 被贴上……的标签mutual communication 互相沟通Narrow the generation gapPessimist 悲观者optimist 乐观者gloomy阴郁的distressing惨的，令人痛心的Pessimistic 悲观的optimistic 乐观的Judge the situation from opposite perspective 角度Bring into public view 引入公众视野Engage in employment 从事就业Misconception 误解holdthe misconceptionSpoiltheirchildrenEnrollment注册，报名the expansion of university enrollment 大学扩招Flood into job-hunting marketTake measures to 采取措施Cultivatetheir children independenceTestify 证明Shoulder their obligation 承担他们的义务Real-estate 房地产Reconciled调和，妥协consolidate综合deteriorate恶化Reconcile to 顺从于be reconciled with sb于某人和解reconcilesthwithsth Interrupt 打断某项正在进行的动作bother打扰（语气较轻）interfere未经允许/无权而妨碍，阻挠，干涉他人之事（语气较轻）intervene介入，调停（语气重）Invocation祈祷，符咒obsession痴迷，困扰obsession withVulnerable 易患病的allergic 过敏的Obsolete过时的obscene 猥亵oblique斜的Provision供应provisional临时的sensational轰动的sentimental感情的，多愁善感的Integral完整的instinctive直觉的intangible难以理解的触摸不到的无形的ingenious巧妙地有独创性的Insideandout彻底的Practitioner从业者forerunner 先行者，先驱Come to light 曝光，泄露Turn in 缩小turn over 反过来turn up 找到，出现turn out 结果是Inertness惰性光盘行动“ClearYourPlate” CampaignPropose 建议diner用餐者食客leftover残余的，剩菜take leftover home 将剩菜打包回家全国粮食总产量the national total grain output人为灾害man-made disasterRestraint 限制withoutrestraint无限制，大肆饥饿至死die of starvation资源短缺shortage of resourcesConfronted with 面对Implement实施implementpoliticsofMeans doing sthRequire sb to do sth随着人们的生活水平和消费水平日益提高with the increasing development of people’ living standard and consumption levelTrash cans 垃圾桶处理成本disposing costEntertain热情招待款待娱乐entertain friends at home去临近的景点游览take a trip to nearby tourist attractions家庭预算紧张tight family budget出游成本不断攀升rising travel cost节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路（expressway）、城市道路拥堵（congestion），是促使他们家中度假的两大原因overcrowded tourist sites, congestion of expressways and city roads are the two major factors contributing to their staycation. Conspicuous明显的，突出的Bottomline底线reducetheir bottom lineRoba child of his/her childhood 掠夺From my own perspective for my partCeremoniously隆重地gather ceremoniously 隆重集会Obligations 义务，债务（可数名词）履行权利与义务perform the responsibilities and obligations建立社会主义制度establish a socialist systemCorruption 腐败，贪污root out a corruption 根除腐败rootout根除，肃清Vigor生机vitality活力展现生机与活力display vigor and vitality Comprehensive综合的，广泛的，有理解力的comprehensivenational strength 增强综合国力competitiveness 竞争力增强综合国力和国际竞争力enhance comprehensive national strength and international competitivenessEdge into 慢慢挤进，慢慢取得rank等级，行列进入国际先进行列edge into advanced ranks in the world解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing与日俱增increase every day实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes fulfill履行（诺言），达到（目的）Forge锻造，捏造forgea people’s army 锻造一支人民军队国防national defense build a strong national defense 建立巩固的国防进行和谈hold peace talks修改法律amend the laws遵循规则follow the principles principle 原则，准则把理论与实际结合起来integrate theory with practiceRally 召集，集合增强凝聚力enhance the rally powerResume继续，重新开始，摘要，概略，建立结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talksStrategic 战略性的readjustment调整进行战略性调整make strategic readjustmentBackwardness 落后摆脱贫穷与落后get rid of poverty and backwardnessBring about 实现实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity Infringement 侵犯，违反，违背保护妇女的权利不受侵犯guarantee women’s right against infringement把……看作社会公敌look upon…as a threat to society恐怖主义terrorismTap 开发，汲取，割，轻声走，阀门，塞子Favor欢心，支持，照顾，促成开发/青睐中国市场tap/ favor the Chinese market有巨大潜力have huge potential for…阻碍handicap/hamperInvest投资，调查，授予有望达到be expected to reach造成很大压力pose a big pressure onAccount for 说明原因，导致，引起（在数量/比例上）占，对……负责Occupy占领，使用，从事占市场的10% occupy /take /account for 10 percent of the market加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuringAnti-monopoly 反垄断采取反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures to加速努力speed up efforts to建立分公司set up branches inPolicy 政策，策略把……列为基本国策list……as fundamental national policies发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages开拓市场exploit market扩大消费市场expand consumption market扩大/缩小贫富差距expand /narrow the gap between the rich and the poor提供巨大商机present huge business opportunities赶超先进surpass the advanced遵循市场经济的规律follow the law of market economyOrientation 方向，定位，方针，任职培训gear接上，调和，使适应根据市场做出调整gear oneself to the market orientation牟取暴利seek excessive profits excessive 过分的，极度的提高公务员工资raise the salaries of civil servants计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced technology and management expertise优胜劣汰select the superior and eliminate the inferior下岗职工laid-off workers通货膨胀inflation损失惨重suffer great losses制造假象create smoke screens to do陷入困境land oneself in deep trouble被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribesDisclose 公开，揭露举报非法行为disclose illegal activities活跃市场enliven the market十分重视attach importance to大力发展strive to developDomestic 国内的刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand打破垄断break the monopoly调整产业结构adjust industrial structure开展对外文化交流conduct culture exchange with other countriesStrong point 长处，特长draw on 利用，借鉴博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of cultures of other countriesMass大量的，集中的，群众的mass media 大众传媒mass production 大规模生产mass organization 社团开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture继承carry onCompetent 有能力的，能干的，称职的，胜任的，适合的competent people 人才Achievement of culture advancement 文化建设的成就加强文化基础设施建设build more culture establishment提倡文明的生活方式advocate civilized lifestyle推动人类文明进步push forward human civilization改进教学improve teaching and learning文化遗产culture heritage /relicsBrand-new 全新的，崭新的以全新的面貌进入新世纪enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look通过资格考试pass qualification examinationsCompulsory 义务的，必须做的普及九年义务教育make nine-year compulsory education universalPopularized普及，使流行make…universalCompile编制，编辑，收集编写教材compile the textbooks承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations促进相互了解promote mutual understanding相互促进help each other forward互派访问学者exchange visiting scholarsAccommodate 容纳，适应，提供住处，帮忙发挥聪明才智develop one’s own talent and wisdomIntellectuals 知识分子initiative 主动性n.自发的，初步的adj.充分发挥知识分子的积极性与创造性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals开设课程offer courses重视实用性place stress on practicalityPirate 海盗船，盗版者，强盗n. 抢劫，剽窃，盗用v.pirated software 盗版软件有力地推动教育发展give a big push to the development of education承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future / inherit the past and user in the future物质文明，精神文明一起抓pay equal attention on material progress and mental progress形成文明/健康/崇尚科学的社会风尚form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practiceEcological environment 生态环境eco-environmentEco-construction 生态建设防治污染prevent and control pollution加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city保护森林conservation of forest帮助减缓全球变暖的速度help slow down the pace of global warming Infrastructure 基础设施完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure Sustainable 可持续的，可忍受的促进可持续性发展promote sustainable developmentSolar 太阳的，日光的，利用太阳能的solar energy 太阳能清洁能源clean energy resourcesFuel 燃料，食物，加油，激起使用清洁能源burn clean fuelImplement 实施，执行v. 工具器械，手段实行严格的排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standardsTackle 用具，装备，阻挡n. 着手处理，解决，应付v.治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problem of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源attach importance of saving resourcesExploitation 开发，剥削，利用，广告推销采用新的开采方法apply new exploitation methods削减污染物排放decrease the disposal of pollutionsCensus 人口普查，统计进行全国人口普查carry out national population census总人口为have a population ofPrivate life 私生活Transition过渡，转变，变迁Bring about 实现，造成，引起，使船掉头实现向低出生，低死亡，低自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变bring about the transition of modern population reproduction pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growing rate过孤独的生活lead an isolated lifeUrban residents 城市居民Ideology意识形态，思想思想和观念ideology and concepts对子女寄予厚望pin great hopes on their childrenUndermine 逐渐削弱，从根基处破坏，挖墙脚逐渐削减长辈的权威undermine the authority of the older generation倡导人力资源管理advocate the management of human resourcesMorality 道德，道德观，品德高尚的行为损害人类社会的道德观damage the morality of human society提高人口素质improve the population quality优化人口结构optimize the population structure优生优育bear and rear better children rear 养育尊重和保障人权respect and guarantee human rightsSubsistence存活，生计Safeguard 维护，防护措施维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权safeguard and promote people’s rights to subsistence and development坚持计划生育的基本国策stick to the basic state policy for family planning取得世界杯决赛的资格qualify for the World Cup finals qualify for 有资格，晋级展现技能demonstrate their skillsTeam title 团体冠军win the team title急于获胜gain an eagerness to winRecognition 认可Wretched恶劣的，不幸的，悲惨的打破恶性循环break the wretched cycleEngender 产生，造成，引起Spur刺激，加速促使spur us on to doLay a solid foundation on 打下基础Make a first draft of 打草稿Bring our talent into full playGive full play to 充分发挥Conscientious认真负责的，本着良心的，谨慎的be conscientious for Publicize 宣传Attach great importance to /take the matter seriously 重视Numerous 无数的，数不清的Indispensable 不可或缺的Migrantworkers农民工Urbanization城市化Irreversible process不可逆过程Unprecedented 前所未有的，史无前例的Insightful富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的insightful perspective Conspicuously 显著的，明显的Dweller居民city dwellersIn all walks of life 在各行各业Industriously努力的，辛勤的labor industriously 辛勤劳动Despise鄙视，看不起Once in a while 时不时，偶尔Deferring 推迟，拖延Penalty处罚financial penalty 罚款Moral denouncement 道德谴责Incur招致，引起be incurred toOffenders 犯罪者，犯规者，妨碍的人Painstaking不辞辛劳地painstakingeffortsRepression压迫recession萧条Have access to （抽象的）进入Haveenough scope for 有足够的余地/机会Snatch抽空做，抓紧机会做scratch擦，刮scrap扔弃，摔毁seize抓住Exhaustible 用的尽的exhaustive 无遗漏的Plaudit拍手喝彩称赞plenary十足的完全的platitude陈词滥调平凡Erosion侵害侵蚀depletion损耗violation违背delusion错觉Eclectic折中的Sensation感觉知觉激动轰动exaggeration夸大Excessive过多的exclusive 专有的独占的除外的distractfrom分散注意力discern辨别分清dissuadesb. From doing 劝阻facet方面小平面format构成设计formula方案规则prevail流行盛行获胜preside主持perish毁灭使麻木死persecute迫害counterfeit 伪造假冒discourteous失礼的无礼貌的prudent节俭的谨慎的benevolent善意的慈善的obstinate倔强的顽固的be reconciled to sth. 甘于consolidate巩固sanction同意许可warrant 证明保护malignance 恶意有害shroud覆盖遮蔽unveil显露除去面纱decay腐烂deprive剥夺notorious声名狼藉的superfluous过剩的countenance面容脸色concession让步curse诅咒echo 随声附和hail 欢呼欢迎sophisticated尖端的复杂的先进的老练的scrupulous小心谨慎的细心的clamorous吵闹的大喊大叫的camouflaged 掩饰的伪装的edible可食用的fabulous传说的神话的disproportionate 不均衡的不相称的extravagance奢侈铺张opulence富裕asceticism禁欲主义苦行byandlarge一般来说大体上callon看望拜访召唤break out 爆发突然发生break in 插嘴闯入训练break through 突破克服挣脱而出break off 突然停止中断脱落暂停forall尽管虽然cometo苏醒达到总数为继承停止comearound 再现恢复知觉回来改变看法comethrough 经历获得成功脱险传出捐助come into 进入继承…起来加入come across 来到偶遇come round 来过访绕道而来苏醒转变改主意笼络comeby从旁边过得到取得经过come about 发生产生转变方向comeout in 以…方式出来live up to 不辜负make a fuseof 小题大做大惊小怪fall back to 求助于转而依靠at its core 从根本上be entitled to 授权给……权力给……定名be assigned to 指派go back on 违背诺言go in for 从事爱好参加考试go through with 经历仔细检查用完参加履行搜查go along with 支持赞同随行hand in 交上递交hand out 分发散发hand down 传递下去hand over 交出移交in honor of 为纪念……庆祝in accordance with 与…一致按照根据lay out 设计安排展示lay off 解雇休息lay down 放下拟定规定lay aside 放一旁收起积累makefor快速走向向前进促进make out 理解辨认出书写填写说明设法应付make up to 巴结讨好make up for补偿in the light of 鉴于由于按照根据by virtue of 由于因为run over 匆匆看一眼浏览碾过run into 偶然碰到与相撞run through 浏览匆匆读完rundown耗尽撞到衰退减少说坏话贬低run across 撞见碰见run out 用完耗尽setout动身出发开始陈述测定宣布移植set about 开始散步攻击着手set forth 阐明宣布提出陈列出发set aside 留出不顾取消驳回putout熄灭关灯生产出出版precaution 预防警惕concession让步transaction 办理处理学报交易事务处理事物give away 送掉分发放弃泄露出卖让步pass away 去世while away 消磨fade away 逐渐凋谢慢慢减弱induce 劝诱促使导致deduce 推论演绎出seduce 诱使Heartiness诚实热心harshness 粗糙的事物严肃刺耳uprightness 正直的Be absorbed in 全神贯注于专心于Detach 分开分离分遣Conform to符合遵照answer to 适应符合attribute to 归因于Collide with 冲突comply with 照做coincide with 符合cope with 竞争应付Perpetual永久的pathetic 可怜的悲惨的Resolutely 毅然坚决的indecisively 优柔寡断的prematurely过早的早熟地Fall out 争吵发生fall behind 落后fall in 排队到期fall through 未能实现Getoff下来出发被容忍逃脱惩罚get in 进入收回get on 骑上进展get on one’s nerves 令人不安get through 完成度过get across 越过通过被理解get over 克服爬过熬过恢复原谅get along 生活相处融洽进展有起色Go for 选择袭击适用于go by 从旁边走过依照顺便走访go up 上升增长go off 离开去世消失睡去爆炸发射进行变质Add up to 合计达stand up to 勇敢地抵抗Conclude结束终止决定seclude隔离exclude排除include 包括Wear off 逐渐减少wear out 穿破磨损疲乏耗尽wipeout消灭垮台Proficiency 熟练精通Bring out 使显示出版生产bring to 使恢复知觉bring into force 使生效实施bringin生产挣得介绍引进V oid空的无人的无效的无用地没有的voidof 缺乏void of interestedOn the fly 在飞行中不工作闲混in the issue结果on the sly 秘密地偷偷地Infect 感染传染inflict 造成afflict 使痛苦折磨Substitution代替Respecting 关系到说到with respect to 关于至于as regards 关于至于Play around 玩耍come around 恢复知觉回来talk sb. around 说服Precede领先于在…之前proceed 进行继续下去accede 同意继任recede 后退Aversion厌恶adherence 忠诚坚持黏着incentive 刺激鼓励动机Fancy想象设想认为爱好自负At a disadvantage 处于不利地位Leave over 留下leave out 省去遗漏不考虑leave behind 留下遗留超过leave off 停止不再穿Let go 放开释放发射let loose 释放放出放任let off 放出饶恕准许暂停工作let out 放掉泄露放大出租解雇释放let down 失望let alone 不打扰更别提let on 泄露假装See off 送行see to 负责注意Obedient服从的孝顺的obstinate 顽固的倔强的elaborate 精心制作的详细阐述的精细Outlook 展望outbreak 战争爆发疾病发作outcome 结果output 出产Look up 向上看尊敬仰视查询拜访好转look up to 尊敬仰望look on 观看面向旁观看待look through 看穿审核浏览温习从中显露look into 调查观察Fragrance芬芳香气flavor 风情风味香料sour酸的In amount to 总计Aptitude才能天资恰当智能altitude高度高等attitude姿势态度看法Substitute 替代substitute A for B 用A替代BTackle 固定应付处理解决抓住tickle胳肢逗笑使高兴使发痒Exquisite 精致的extravagant 奢侈的exotic 异国情调的eccentric 古怪的Repel拒绝抵制排斥逐退Curb控制约束put /place a curb onParadox矛盾paradise 天堂Impart传授告知portray描写Divert转移转向Alert sb. to the fact that 提醒某人注意…的事实Manifest明显的显然的体现显现Articulate清楚地说（发音清楚的）明确地说anticipate 预期期望Alternate轮流交换Conceive设想以为怀有构思conceive ofEndeavour 努力endeavour to doSustainable可持续的feasible 可行的eligible合格的Subsidiary附属的次要的Revenge 报仇revengeoneselfon sb. 向某人报仇remedy 药补救治疗beyondremedy 不可救药reproach责备revive苏醒复活复兴Explicit清晰的明确的obscure模糊的baffle难住使挫折阻碍mingle混合mingle with /in provoke煽动激怒驱使divert 转向改道eject喷出射出incidence发病率emergence 紧急情况rupture 破裂绝交impetus推动力in search of 寻找in pursuit of 追求in view of 鉴于由于in light of 根据credit信赖assure 确保certify 确认impose征收强加imposetaxes收税twinkle/glitter因高兴而发光sparklewithtears闪烁着泪光overtake追上surpass 胜过nourish滋养transaction交易turnover营业额tempo进度速度mediate斡旋mediate betweentrench 壕沟pavement 人行道junction 道路交叉点collision相撞collaboration合作corrosion 腐蚀confrontation 对抗successive连续的succession连续继承后裔consecutive连续不断的顺序的eternal 永恒的insistent坚持的重复的snatchup夺取snatch at 一把抓住summon召唤summonup振作鼓起watchout当心警觉embark上传着手从事embark on 着手开始做commence开始着手获得学位commence in 起始于commence doing sth. 着手做某事reservation预定保留convention 大会习俗惯例incompatible不相容的矛盾的invalid有病的无效的subtract减去扣除combat格斗战斗conflict冲突cruise巡航Pacific太平洋glide滑行悄悄的走patrol 巡逻penalty处罚financialpenaltyblunder跌跌撞撞地走犯大错愚蠢之举scandal丑闻恶意诽谤commonplace平凡的陈腐的generalized广义的普遍的conform遵守一致conform with /to 符合遵守inspiration 灵感intuition直觉incentive刺激鼓励sentiment思想感情情绪情操revenue收入国家的税收financial revenue 财政收入be proficient at / in doing sth. 熟练精通feeble虚弱的薄弱的无效的trivial琐碎的日常的轻微的toss扔抛tow拖拉hoist升起吊起compatible和谐共处的相容的一致的compact紧密的结实的简洁的concise简洁的简要的resign辞职放弃顺从resignfrom辞职resignto使顺从vulgar粗俗的通俗的本土的elections选举grope探索摸索grope one’s way to 摸索gropefor/ around 搜索暗中摸索intrigue阴谋激起好奇心intrigueagainstsb. 密谋反对某人intriguing 迷人的elicit得出引出诱出induce诱导exclusively专门的排外的extraordinarily非凡的特别的a man of integrity 正直的人rebellion叛乱suppress rebellion 平定叛乱negotiation商议谈判negotiate协商交涉谈判rectify改正校正reconcile调停和解obscure遮掩模糊的consolidate巩固合并统一intensify强化加剧增强expire期满终止开始无效passport护照eternal永恒的无穷的不灭的eternallife永生eternaltruths/verities永恒的真理offensive无理的冒犯的唐突的extinguish熄灭扑灭灭绝v.extinct灭绝的a. extinction灭绝n.arbitrary武断的专横的任意的。

研英翻译基础 09 唐静

考研翻译解题的核心策略——拆分与组合一、理解英语原文，拆分语法结构由于英语语言具有“形合”的特点，就是说，英语的句子无论多么复杂，都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的“象葡萄藤一样”的结构。

在翻译句子之前，先通读全句，注意一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构。

怎么拆分？正因为英语语法结构和逻辑结构比较明显，在理解英语的时候，我们可以把主句和从句拆分出来，或者把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。

说得更具体一点，可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效的理解英语原文：1．基本原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。

2．连词：如and, or, but, yet, for等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, sothat, ......等等；它们就成了理解英语句子的拆分点。

3．关系词：如连接名词性从句的who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever 等关系代词和when, where, how, why等关系副词；还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如who, which, that, whom, whose等等；它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。

4．介词：如on, in, with, at, of, to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语，所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。

5．不定式符号to：不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语，所以也可以是拆分点。

6．分词：过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语，所以可以是拆分点。

7．标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。

例如：例1 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans andtheir endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.（35词，2003年62题）拆分句子：1）句子的主干是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry，2）定语从句：which后面是一个定语从句，其先行词是social science，3）方式状语：in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner是方式状语，其中的reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned是并列定语，修饰manner，4）定语从句：that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena是定语从句，其先行词是manner。

唐静：考研翻译冲刺必背单词英汉版

唐静：考研翻译冲刺必背单词英汉版08年46) believe相信，assert断言, claim声称, argue争论, assume假设, maintain主张, contend 斗争坚持说, point out指出, be convinced that确信, accept接受, prove证明, demonstrate展示游行证明, validate证明, state状态，州，说明，陈述, scribe描述, tell说明, show说明展示, consider考虑, opine表达观点, difficulty困难, difficult困难的, compensate补偿, compensate for 补偿, advantage优点, advantageous有优势的, advance进步发展, force力量被迫, strength力量, power力量, thus因此, therefore因此, hence因此, enable使能够, detect探察发现, detector侦探侦测器, error错误, mistake失误, false错误, flaw缺点瑕疵, shortcoming缺点, reason推理原因, reasoned理性的, reasoning推理, reasonable合理的, observe观察, observation观察, observer 观察者;47) follow跟随, pure纯, purely纯, abstract抽象的, attract吸引, concrete具体的, limit限制有限的, confine限制, certain确认;48) as well也, as well as和一样, found建立, charge指控, change改变, critics批评家, criticize批评, critical关键的重要的, criticism批评, while当然而;49) add加, addition增加, in addition此外, additional另加的, tradition传统, traditional传统的, humble谦虚的, humbly谦虚地, perhaps也许, possible可能, possibly可能, probable可能, probably可能地, superior比高级有优势, superior to比高级, super超级, inferior不如, inferior to 不如, common普通, ordinary普通, banal普通的陈腐的, notice注意说明, attention注意, escape 逃跑, carefully当心, careful小心的, care关心, take care of照顾;50) loss失去, lose丢失(lost), at a loss迷茫不知所措, take a loss亏损, injurious对有伤害, injure受伤, injury受伤, intellect智力, intellectual智力知识分子, intelligence智力, wisdom智慧, moral道德, virtue美德, virtually实际上事实上, virtual虚拟的, character文字角色性格, characterize有特点, characteristic特色;07年46) legal法律的合法的, law法律, preserve保存, conserve保留保护, institution机构, constitution宪法, view观点景色, view…as把看作为, regard…as把看作为, take…as把看作为, see…as把看作为, special特别, specialize专业, specific具体的, especial尤其的, especially尤其是; peculiar奇怪的特有的独特的, peculiar to特有的, particular特殊的, particularly特别是, rather than而不是, necessary必须的, essential必不可少的, essence精华, critical关键的重要的, significant重要的, significance重要性, equipment装备, equip装有, facility设施;47) link连接, connect联系, connection联系, on the other另外, on the other hand另一方面, on the one hand一方面, concept概念, notion观念概念, real真实, reality现实, in a way以这种方式, in a manner以这种方法, in a form以这种形式, parallel平行, parallel to与相平行, journal杂志, journalist记者, base基础, basi c基础的, basis基础, comment评论, comment on评论, cover报道覆盖评论;48) idea观点理论想法, profound深刻的, profoundly深刻地, far-reaching影响深远的意义重大的深刻的, citizen市民, rest on/upon依靠取决于, rely on依靠取决于, depend on/upon依靠取决于, responsible负责的, responsibility责任, be held responsible for对负责, response反响响应, media媒介, news media新闻媒体, news agency新闻办, establish建立, established已经建立的, establishment机构建立, convention传统;49) grasp抓掌握, have a grasp of掌握, command命令, have a good command of掌握, feature特点, competent竞争, competition竞争, competitive有竞争力的, compete竞争,50) reaction反映, react反映, action行动, in action在起作用, interaction互相作用, enhance 提高, promotion提高, promote促进, preferable愿意的可取的, prefer宁愿, infer推理提示, confer商量, favor喜欢, flavor风味, favorite喜欢的, judge评判法官, judgment评判, make judgments of对做出评判;06年46) define定义, definition下定义, define…as…把定义为, select选择, elect挑选, individual 个人的, active活力, activity活动, primary主要的, duty责任, thinking思考思维, thought思想思维;47) analogous类似, analogous to与类似, analyze分析, analysis分析, function作用, obligation责任, be obliged to do sth被迫做某事有责任做某事, be obliged to sb感谢某人, obligate被迫, be obligated to do sth 被迫做某事，clear清楚明白, course课程, cause原因导致, lead to导致, reveal揭露, decision决心, decisive果断的具有决定意义的, decide决定;48) exclude排除, exclusive排它的独家的, include包含, conclude得出结论, conclusion结论, contribute贡献, contribution贡献, contribute to对做贡献, make contribution to做出贡献, distribute分发分散, distribution分散, accomplishment完成, accomplish完成, complete完全, solution解决, solve解决, resolve解决, be charged with承担, approach接近方法, aspect方面, inspect研究洞察, expect期待, respect尊重方面, task任务;49) code密码, rule规则, dedicate贡献, dedicate to把献给, govern管理, government政府, energy能力能量, conduct指挥, conduction指挥, production产品, produce生产, explore探索, exploration探索; more than比多, less than比少, no more than不多于, no less than不少于, more than +数字多, more than +名词/动词不仅仅不只是, more than +形容词/副词非常, no more than=not any more than不也不;50) independent独立, independence独立, interdependence互相依靠, reflect影响, reflection 影响, make reflection on影响, earn挣, involve包含包括, salary薪水;05年46) television电视, means工具, feeling感觉, convey传递表达, connect联系连接, nation 国家, create创造, invent发明, event事件, recent最近;47) multi-media大众媒体, increase增加, increasingly逐渐的, bring带来, publish出版, in relation to与有关, relation关系, relate亲戚, related to与有关, concern关心, concerning相关的;48) alone独自, only仅仅唯一, survive生存, underline强调突出下划线, undergo经历, undertake从事承担, undermine暗中破坏, state状态州陈述, statistics调查统计数据, loss失去, take a loss亏损, at a loss迷茫不知所措,49) identify辨别, identity身份, respect尊重方面, expect期待, aspect方面, represent代表, present出席现在礼物, presentation展示, fabricate编造捏造编织, fabric网络纤维, continent大陆, task任务, demand命令, choose选择, choice选择, strategic战略, policy政策;50) deal with处理, deal处理, challenge挑战, scale规模, on…scale在一定规模上, exaggeration夸张夸大, it is no exaggeration to say不夸张的说…, unite联合, unity集体单位, divide分;04年61) structure建造, instruction建立, instrument器械器具, construction建筑, process步骤过程, procedure步骤, schedule日程表, real真是, reality真实的, realize意识到, diversity多样性, diverse各样, philosophy哲学, philosopher哲学家;62) grateful感谢, gratitude感谢, different from与不同, vanish消失, abolish取消撤销废除, assimilate同化, similar相似, native本国, local地方;63) describe描述, description描述, strike罢工, striking打击罢工, remark评论标记, remarkable著名的, accuse起诉, accuse…of…指责, data数据, date日期;64) interested in对感兴趣, relationship关系, relative亲戚相关, relatively相关的, determine 决心, habit习惯, habitual习惯的, though虽然;65) come to逐渐得出, believe in相信, a sort of其中一种, linguistics语言学, physics物理, psychology心理学, aesthetics美学, art艺术, fine art美术, archaeology考古学, anthropology人类学, economy经济, psychiatry精神病学, law法律, media媒体, cross-culture跨文化, mathematics数学, math数学, physician医生, chemistry化学, humanity人文科学, form形式, formula工程式, formulate阐明, grammar语法, pattern模式, produce生产, consequence结果, consequently所以;03年61) furthermore更进一步, further进一步, ability能力, able可能, enable使能够, inability 没能力的, modify纠正, change改变, charge费用, exchange交换, environment环境, deteriorate 恶化, subject科目, reject排斥, refuse拒绝, fancy幻想;62) branch分支, inquire询问研究, acquire获得, require要求, endeavor努力, order命令顺序, disorder无命令, system系统, passion热情, seek寻找, scientific科学的, science科学, phenomenon现象;63) combine联合结合, integrate结合, integration整体一体化, perspective前景观点, unique独特的唯一的, distinct区别, distinctly区别的;64) complex复杂, complicated复杂, sophisticated复杂的狡猾的, include包含, conclude 得出结论, exclude排除, conclusion结论, custom风俗习惯, consume消费, consumer消费者. simple简单, simplicity简单的, implicit暗示, explicit明示;65) make…possible成为可能, research研究;02年61) almost几乎behavior行为trait特点trace跟踪62) explain解释explanation解释，hard困难, remain保持, obscure模糊;63) evolution进化, revolution革命, innovation革新创新, invention发明创造, invest投资, investigation研究调查检测, recognize认出;64) possess拥有具有, possession财产, govern管理, government政府管理, theory学说理论, essential重要, credit信用, achieve达到, achievement成功;65) until直到, till一直, issue问题事件发行,01年71) chat聊天, host主人主持, hold举行, pollution污染, containment污染;72) personality个性, personnel人事, personal个人的, relax放松, relaxation放松, recreation 娱乐, digital数字;73) breakthrough突破, break out爆发, breakout爆发, out-break爆发, outset开始, take place 发生, discover发现;74) ultimate最终, terminate终止, termination终点终端, century世纪, millennium千年, decade十年, thousands of成千上万几千, hundreds of几百, for the better part of decade七八年, half一半, quarter四分之一, triple三倍, double两倍;75) home家国内的, demoti c国内的, exotic异域的, apply申请, apply to申请, application 申请, appliance器具, control控制, operate操作, operation操作, cooperation合作, corporation公司company公司伙伴2000年71) condition条件, situation情况状况, circumstance环境状况, situate位于, vary变化, varying变化的不同的, various各种各样的, variety各种各样, variety of各式各样, expert专家;72) obvious明显, ambiguous模糊的, be bound up with相关, bind绑, efficient有效, efficiency效果, industry工业, agriculture农业, horticulture园艺, in turn反过来, effort努力, all kinds各种各样;73) owing to由于因为, remarkable显著的, mass大众大量, communication交流, community社区, expose暴露, be exposed to暴露于接触, introduce介绍引入, for the reason given above由于上述原因;74) pattern模式, spread扩大, or so大约;75) stress压力强调, migrate移民, migration移民, arise from由引起, arise出现上升, rise 上升, give rise to导致, raise增加喂养,1999年71) while当然而, almost几乎, historian历史学家, history历史, practice练习, conform一致, conform to符合与相一致, inform通知, uniform一致制服, attempt企图;72) valid有效的, validate使有效证明证实, validity有效性, discipline学科, internal内部的, external外部的, quarrel争论, among在中;73) transfer转变, transparent透明明显, augment增加, argument辩论, design设计, interpret 解释口译, interpretation解释, evidence证据, evident明显的;74) agreement同意, refer to提及涉及, in general总之, generally总体上, generally speaking 总的来说, largely总体, appropriate适合, inappropriate不适合;75) equal平等, equally平等的, equate与相等与一致, equate…with与相等与一致, source 来源, resource资源, activity活动, animate有生气, animation兴奋活跃;1998年71) look into搜索寻找, exist存在, exit出口, existence存在, resident居住, residence居住, citizen市民;72) giant巨大, enormous巨大的, put forward提出, propose提出, dominant主要的主导的;73) report报道, finding发现;74) triumph胜利;75) odd奇数奇怪, sound听起来, inflation通货膨胀, inflate膨胀, plausible看起来合理的, elementary基本的, primary主要的;1997年71) actually事实上, in fact事实上, account解释, accountant会计;72) contract合同, entitle使有权, title标题, entitlement权利;73) discuss讨论, discussion讨论, consider考虑, consideration考虑, either…or要么要么, neither…nor两者都不, whether…or是还是, extend扩展延伸, extend to对待, treat请客;74) relevant相对的, extreme极端的;75) encourage鼓励, instinct本能天生的;1996年71) result结果, result from由于, result in导致, to some extent在某种程度上, accelerate加速;72) trend趋势, detail细节, in detail详细;73) support支持, an amount of大量的, goal目标, immediate立即;74) elegant优雅的, elegance优雅, in principle大体上原则上, principal重要的, fascinate迷人, delight高兴;75) standard标准, criterion标准;1995年71) target目标, attack进攻抨击, in doing sth.在做某事的过程中, divert转移, diversion转移,;72) predict预言, prediction预言, reliable可靠的, skill技能;73) experiment试验实验, experience经验, avail有用, available有空的可获得的, comparative比较, compare比较, contrast对比相反;74) quality质量, precise精确;75) favorable喜欢, favor喜欢; youngster年轻人;1994年71) not so much…as与其说不如说, as…as与一样, not so…as与不一样, through因为通过, insight洞察, welfare福利, health健康, worth值得, genius天才, improve提高, tool工具;72) as we call it所谓的正如我们所说, number数字, numerable可数的一定数量的, innumerable巨大的无数的, expand扩大, a series of一系列, direction说明指导, direct说明;73) ignore忽视, careless粗心, fundamental基本的;74) revolve旋转;75) finance财政金融, financial财政的, vice versa反之, etc等等, et al及其它.更多考研免费资料请访问新东方在线考研资讯：考研动态| 报考指南| 复试调剂| 复习指导考研课程：考研英语| 考研政治| 考研数学| 统考专业课| 非统考专业课| 高辅| 艺考考研交流：考研英语| 考研政治| 考研数学| 考研专业课知识问答：考研英语| 考研数学| 考研政治| 考研知识| 专业课| 考研高辅| 考研艺术。