物流专业英语阅读翻译详解
交通运输与物流专业英语(Unite 6)中英文
Unit Six Alternative Evaluation and Choice Text A Feasibility determinationEvery decision involves at least two options. Even though a single proposal was presented, decision makers have a choice between the proposal and doing nothing. Evaluation appraises the positive impacts and the negative impacts of alternative options in terms of either a single or multiple decision criteria. Determining relevant impacts to particular decision and specifying the appropriate decision criteria are related to the value system within which the choice is to be made. In the case of transportation decisions in the public sector, the operating value system is not that of any single individual or subgroup but that of the community as a whole. There exist conflicting value systems within society. Consequently, transportation decision also entails the resolution of conflicts.每一项抉择至少包含两个选项，即使是一个单一的提议，决策者也可以选择执行这个提议或什么也不做。
物流专业英语翻译
UNIT I LOGISTICS第一单元物流PART I The Definition of LogisticsPART I 物流的定义The introduction of Logistics物流简介[Para1] “Logistics” is a term, which originates from both the army an d French. According to the French, the Baron of Jomini, who of Swiss origin who had served in Napoleon,s army before joining the Russians and who later founded the Military Academy of St. Petersburg, first used the term in the early 19th century. So in a military sense, the term ‘logistics, encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance.“物流”或“后勤”一词其实源于军队，对其词义解释亦有多个不同版本，根据法国人阐述之词义，该词早于十九世纪初被祖文尼男爵率先采用。
祖文尼是一名原藉瑞士的军官，他在投奔俄罗斯军队之前在拿破伦军中服役，其后一手创立“圣彼得堡军事学院”。
就军事意识而言，物流管理一词意即运输编制、军队补给和物料保养。
[Para2] In the business world however, the concept of “logistics” was applied solely to “Material Replenishment Programs” (MRP) and was confined to the manufacturing sector at the beginning. Therefore the extension of the concept to involve company operations is a relatively new one and the earliest usage dates back to the 1950s in the USA.然而在商务界中，“物流管理”的概念仅仅用于“物料需求计划”，并且最初是在制造业的部门开始使用。
物流专业英语翻译
1.Reducing the logistics cost and Raising enterprise’s profit Wisdom logistics can really reduce the cost in manufacturing industry and logistics service largely and increase the profit level of the company .Moreover ,Logistics company could save the cost perferably by the trilateral cooperation of the producer ,the wholesale and the tradesman through wisdom logistics .Especially ,the new application technology such as the product identification and traceability as well as wireless location are marked as key technology.All these enable the effective intelligent distribution and management ,as well as integration of logistics core business .What's more ,we can take a method of strengthening logistics management which gives rationalization proposal and reducing the consumption in logistics business to reduce circulation links and costs ,and boost profit.2、Accelerating the development of logistics industry and Becoming the support of logistics information technology The construction of the wisdom logistics will accelerate the development of local industry ,which combined the function of storage ,transportation ,distribution and information service .In addition ,it leads to breaking business restriction and coordinating different department’srequirements ,concerns and preferences,result in achieving effective management and optimizing the distribution of socai logistics resources .Meanwhile ,logistics enterprise could develop overall and scale advantages to gain modernization ,professionlization and complementarity of traditional logistics industry through integrating logistics business ,which means collecting the past separately logistics resources for centralized processing .Besides ,these enterprises will benfit from sharing infrastructures ,supporting service and information ,so that they can decrease operating costs and business expenses contributing to gaining economy of scale .。
物流英语英译汉
UNIT 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICSⅥ.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. It is through the logistical process that materials flow into the vast manufacturing capacity of an industrial nation and products are distributed through marketing channels to consumers.正是通过物流过程原材料才得以流到工业国家巨大的制造机器中，产品才能通过市场这个渠道流到客户。
2. Logistics is complex. In China alone, the market structure involves more than 20 million retailing networks and more than 2 million wholesalers’ networks.物流极为复杂，仅在中国市场上就有2000多万零售商网点和200多万批发商网点。
3. One expert holds the view that logistics is an iceberg, only the top of which is seen. What is unseen is much bigger.有一个专家认为物流是一座冰山,人们只看到它的顶部,未见到的那部分更大。
4. The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.物流的总体目标是以尽可能低的总成本取得预期的客户服务的水平。
物流专业英语翻译对照2
第二节 Recent Trends in Logistics1.Third Part Logistics ( TPL) 第三方物流Third Part Logistics provides all the logistics services. They act as a bridge or facilitator between the first part( supplier or producer) and the second part( buyer or customer). The primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.第三方物流提供了所有的物流活动。
他们在第一方（供应商或生产商）和第二方（买方或顾客）之间扮演着桥梁或设施供应商的角色。
第三方物流提供商的基本目标是降低供应商的整体物流成本，提高顾客服务水平。
Third Part Logistics have been growing rapidly. Cost reduction and demands for batter and cheaper services are the main drives behind the growth.A third part logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pick–ups and deliveries, whereas in–house transportation cannot. Other reasons are as follows:第三方物流增长十分迅速。
物流专业英语
Exercise
Jack：总的来说，有四个特点。第一个就是效率高。有些工作程序复杂、工 作量大。为做好保障工作，物流中心注重工作效率，具有很强的专业能 力。 Generally speaking, there are four characters about logistics service. Firstly, it is efficiency. Some work is a complicated one, the workload characteristics. In order to do a good job in security work, logistics centers emphasis on the efficiency and have a strong professional competence. Jim：这个很容易理解。 Oh, it is easy to understand. Jack：第二个特点就是确保质量。第三点是配送上门。 The second character is to ensure quality. And the third one is door-todoor distribution. Jim：你们可以根据任务的紧急情况迅速完成发运工作，这是第四个特点， 对吗？ You can finish the shipping quickly according to the emergency of the tasks. This is the fourth character, isn’t it? Jack：是的。Yes.
Exercise
Bill：它为物流在中国的发展起到了很大的促进作用。最近几年， 对外经济贸易部门明确规定了江苏、浙江、广东、北京、上 海、天津和深圳是物流的实验发展基地。 It gave great impetus to the development of logistics in China. In the recent years, the ministry of Foreign Economy and Trade Relations issued a notice which explicitly stipulated Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Shenzhen are the places for experiences in logistics. Tom：怪不得我发现一些大的第三方物流公司都在深圳建立起 了分公司。 No wonder I found such big third party logistics companies have set up their sub-companies in Shenzhen.
物流英语课文翻译分析解析
一单元A篇Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”[1] that operates 24 hours a day；seven days a week and 52 weeks a year, planning and coordinating the transport and delivery of products and services to customers all over the world.物流是一个独特的全球性的“管道”，即每天24小时运作；一星期7天，一年52周，计划和协调着产品的运输和配送以及对全球客户的服务。
Coming into being with the advent of civilization, logistics is anything but a newborn baby[2]. However, when it conies to modem logistics, most professionals in the business consider it one of the most challenging and exciting jobs, invisible as it is[3].文明伊始，物流就已经存在，因而不是新鲜事。
然而，说到现代物流，几乎所有业内专业人士认为，它的一个无形的、最有挑战性和令人兴奋的工作。
Modem logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and clients in various sections of the economic society[4], which may include but by no means is limited to：packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory, transport，forecasting, strategic planning, and customer service.现代物流关系到货物流和信息流的有效性和高效率。
物流专业英语翻译与计算机基础英语阅读翻译
第五章 物流英语阅读第一节第一节W hat is Logistics Management What is Logistics Management ？ 1． The Definition of LogisticsAfter completing a commercial transaction ，logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier（seller ）to customer （buyer ）in the most cost-effective manner ．This is the definition of logistics ．During thetransfer process ，hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment （logistics carriers ）are needed ，as well asinformation control and standardization ．In addition ，supports from the government and logistics associationshould be in place ．Three major functions of logistics(1) Creating time value ：same goods can be valued differently at different times ．Goods often stop during the transfer process ，which is professionally called the storage of logistics ．It creates the time value for goods. (2) Creating location value ：same goods can be valued differently locations ．The value added during thetransfer process is the location value of logistics ．(3) Distribution processing V Distribution processing Value alue ：sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changesthe length ，thickness and packages of the goods ． Like popular saying ，“cutting into smaller parts ”is the mostcommonly seen distribution processing form ．Most processing within logistics create added value for goods ．Logistics is a new commercial area ，developing from the traditional stage to a modern one ．The maindifferences between these two stages include ：(1) Modern logistics adopts containerization techniques ．The goods transfer process starts with packaging ，followed by transportation ，storage and distribution ．The whole process is operated under logisticsstandards ．Based on the logistics base module of 600*400MM ，form the logistics module of 1, 200*1,000mm ，and enlarge to the size of 2,591*2,438mm-the size of high*wide of the container ．It can be adjusted to the standardsizes of containers for trains ，trucks and ships ．(2) Information technologies are most important for modern logistics ．Bar Code ，POS ，EDI and GPSsystems dramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities ．Internet further assists themarket development ，operations and management of the logistics industry ．2． Activities Included in Logistics Management (1) Customer service ．Customer service is defined as “a customer-oriented philosophy that integrates andmanages all customer interface within the lowest possible costs to achieve optimum results ．”Customer servicesbind all logistics activities ．Whether a customer receives right product under all the right conditions will affect allother operations ．(2) Order processing ．“Order processing can be co mpared to the human body’s central nerve system ，triggering the distribution process and directing the actions to be taken in satisfying order demand ”．Orderprocessing activity may be broken down into three categories ．Firstly ，operating elements ，such as orderentry/editing ，scheduling ，order-shipping set preparation ，and invoicing ．Secondly ，communication elements ，such as order modification ，order status inquiries ，tracing and expediting ，error correction ，and product informationrequests ；and lastly ，credit and collection elements ，including credit checking and accounts receivable processing/collecting ．Custom services plays an important part in the speed and accuracy of the order processing ．Advancedsystems can reduce the time between order placement and shipment ．Orders are often done through computersystems ．Advanced systems ，although initially expensive to the company ，can substantially improve accuracy andefficiency ．Often ，saving in other logistics expenses (such as inventory ，transportation and warehousing) orincreased sales from improved customer service will justify the cost of the system ．(3) Communication in logistics ．Success in today’s business environment requires the management of a complex communications system ．Effective communication should exist between ：(a) the company ，its customers and suppliers ；(b) major operations of the company such as marketing ，manufacturing ，logistics ，and finance/accounting ；(c) logistics-related activities such as customer service ，traffic and transportation ，warehousing andstorage ，order processing ，and inventory control ；(d) Components of each logistics activity (within inventory control ，for example ，would be in-plantinventory ，inventory in transit ，and inventory in field warehouse)．Communication is the vital link between the entire logistics process and customers ．A firm’s communications system may be as sophisticated as a computerized management informationsystem(MIS) or as simple as word-of-mouth communication between individuals ．Whatever type of system used ，vital information must be available and communic ated to individuals who “need to know”．(4) Inventory control ．The inventory control is important to ensure a sufficient supply of product to meetcustomer demand and manufacturing requirements ．Inventory consumes space and capital ．The cost of storeinventory can be 14 to over 50 percent of the total cost ．Successful inventory control involves determining enoughinventories to satisfy customer demand and considering the cost of performing other logistics activities ．(5) Forecasting demands ．Demand forecasting involves determining the amount of product and service thatcustomers will require in the future ．It is important to all operations such as marketing ，manufacturing ，andlogistics ．* Marketing forecasts determine promotional strategies ，allocation of sales force ，pricing strategies ，andmarket research activities ．* Manufacturing forecasts determine production schedules ，purchasing and acquisition strategie s ，andin-plant inventory decisions.* Logistics forecasts determine product transportation and storage.Demand forecasting enables managers to allocate their resources (budgets) effectively to meet demands. Forecasting can be difficult given the market uncertainties. However ，the companyshould undertake demand forecasting forecasting and and communicate the results to other departments.Sophisticated computer models models，，trend analysis analysis，，sales force estimates estimates，，or other methods can help develop such forecasts.(6) Transportation. The goods flow is depended on transportation process ，it includesselecting the method of shipment (rail (rail，，water water，，truck truck，，airand pipeline), choosing a specific path (routing)(routing)；；complyingwith various local, state and federal transportation regulations; and being aware of both domestic and international traffic requirements. Transportation is often the largestpart in the logistics cost.(7) Warehousing and storage. Products must be stored at any places unless consumers need them immediately. Warehousing and storage are activities that manage the space needed to hold the inventories. Specific storage activities include include；；deciding whether the storage facility should be owned owned，，leased leased，，or rented rented；；warehouse layout and design design；；product mix considerations considerations；；safetyand maintenance maintenance；；security systems；personal training ；and productivity measurement. (8) Plant and warehouse site selection ．The strategic site near the specific markets canimprove the customer service levels and lower transportation costs. When making a site decision decision，，we need to research the product market ，customer demands ，location of raw materials ，componentparts and subassemblies subassemblies．．Other major considerations include labor rates rates，，transportation transportation，，taxes taxes，，security security，，laws laws，，local community (such as the attitude towards a new industry) land cost ，andinfrastructure.(9) Material handling handling．．It is concerned with handling of all raw materials materials，，parts parts，，fittings fittings，，inventory inventory，，and finished goods within a plant or warehouse．Its objectives are * Reduce handling possibly* Minimize travel distance* Minimize goods in process* Provide uniform flow without any negative element* Minimize losses (damaged or stolen goods)Handling or carrying is the most frequent activities in the logistics ，but generally addsno value to a product ，these operations should be dept to a minimum. Material handling plays a vital role in reducing inventory ，lowering costs ，and increasing productivity.(10) Procurement ．Procurement is the acquisition of materials and services from other companies companies．．Procurement includes selecting supply locations，determining forms of the material to be acquired ，timing timing，，price price，，quality control，and many other activities. (11) Parts and service support support．．Logisticsis heavily connected with many activities involved in repair and servicing of products products．．After sales service is usually part of the transaction transaction．．Suchas replacing parts when products break down or malfunction ．Adequate supplies of spare and replacement parts should be available to customers in need ．If the product fail to perform due to malfunction ，the supplier of space parts must respond quickly to avoid extra cost ．(12) Packaging Packaging．．Packaging performs two basic functions-marketing and logistics logistics．．Inmarketing the package acts promotion and advertising advertising．．Its size size，，weight weight，，color color，，and printed information attract customers and convey knowledge of the product product．．When firms are involved in international marketing marketing，，packaging becomes even more important important．．Productssold to foreign countries travel greater distances and undergo more handling operations ．The logistics package is to protect the products during the process of logistics ．(13) Scrap disposal disposal．．The logistics process must effectively and quickly handle handle，，transport transport，，and store waste products ．If they can be reused or recycled ，logistics company should arrange and move them to the re-production and re-processing locations. (14) Return goods handling ．The handling of return goods is often called reversedistribution distribution．．Buyers may return items to the seller for a number of reasons reasons．．Mostlogistics systems are not good enough to handle such cases cases．．In many industries industries，，consumers return products for warranty repair repair，，replacement replacement，，or recycling recycling，，reverse distribution costs may be very high high．．Reverse distribution will become more important as customers demand more flexible and favorable return policies ．Reading MaterialInternational LogisticsAn increasing number of companies are involving in international markets through exporting exporting，，licensing licensing，，joint ventures ventures，，and ownership ownership．．This trend should continue continue．．Withsuch expansion there is a need to develop worldwide logistics networks ．Integrated logistics management and cost analysis will be more complex and difficult to manage.There are some future trends in internationalization ：(1)(1) More logistics executives with international responsibilities(2) Expansion of the number and size of foreign trade zones.(3) Reduction in the amount of international paperwork and documentation(4) More foreign warehousing is owned and controlled by the exporting firm(5) Increasing number of smaller firms (6) Foreign Foreign ownership ownership ownership of of of logistics logistics logistics service service service firms firms ，e.g.，public public warehousing warehousing warehousing and andtransportation carriers.(7) Increasing multiple distribution channelsThe international transport and the international logistics are same things in some way way．．So So，，when the international trading involved involved，，firmmust establish international logistics systems to provide the products and services demanded. The most significant development in international logistics will be the increasing sophistication information system adopted and independent departments to operate.第一节什么是物流管理第一节什么是物流管理1. 物流的定义物流的定义在完成物流交易后，物流将以最有效的成本方式将货物从供应商（卖方）到客户（买方）转换，这就是物流的定义。
物流专业英语翻译
Logistics cost management impact on profitability1 The importance of logistics cost managementLogistics cost management is very vital aspect in financial management of a business. A firm can be very profitable, but if this is not rendered into cash from operations within the same operating cycle, the firm would need to borrow to support its continued working capital needs. For this study various statistical tools such as correlation and multiple regressions lire used. The study comes to conclusion that the increase in the profitability of the company is less than the proportion to decrease in working capital.While the performance levels of business organization have traditionally been attributed to general managerial factors such as manufacturing, marketing and operations, working capital management may have a consequent impact on survival and growth of business organization. The management of working capital is important to the financial health of businesses of all sizes. The amounts invested in working capital are often high in proportion to the total assets employed and so it is vital that these amounts are used in an efficient and effective way. Therefore, there must be a trade-off between these two objectives of the firms. One objective should not be at cost of the other because both have their importance. If we do not care about profit, we cannot survive for a longer period. On the other hand, if we do not care about liquidity, we may face the problem of insolvency or bankruptcy. For these reasons working capital management should be given proper consideration and will ultimately affect the profitability of the firm. This discussion of the importance of working capital management, its different components and its effects on profitability leads us to the problem statement which we will be analyzing. This research is focusing onworking capital management and its effects on profitability.2 The study of logistics cost management2.1 Objectives of the Study2.1.1 The main objectives are:• To establish a relationship between Working Capital Management and Profitability over a period of five years from 2005-06 to 2009-10.• To find out the effects of different components of working capital management on profitability.• To Study a relationship between th e objectives of liquidity and profitability of the Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.• To draw conclusion about relationship of working capital management and profitability of BharatPetroleum Corporation Ltd.• To ascertain the working capital leverage (W CL) for examining the sensitivity of ROI to changes in the level of working capital of the company.2.2.2 Data Source:The study is mainly based on secondary sources of information. The required data have been collected from published Annual Reports of the BPCL. And also from the published Annual Reports of the Public Enterprise Survey by the Ministry of Petroleum, Govt. of India over the period of five years i.e. 2005-06 to 2009-10. For collecting relevant data for the purpose of conducting this study internet surfing has also been made for obtaining the requisite and latest information. Editing, classification and tabulation of the financial data collected from the above mentioned sources have been done as per requirement of the study.2.2 Methodology of StudyFor the analysis of data some important ratios relating to working capital management and the ratios which are significant to measures of profitability have been calculated on the basis of data available of the Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL). The ratios which have been applied for highlighting the efficiency ofworking capital management are Current Ratio (CR). Quick Ratio (QR), Current Assets to Total Assets Ratio (CATAR), Current Assets to Sales Ratio (CASR), Working Capital Turnover Ratio (WCTR), Inventory Turnover Ratio (ITR). Debtors Turnover Ratio (DTR) and Cash Turnover Ratio (CTR) and the measure of profitability which has been selected is Return on Investment (ROI).For measuring the degree of relationship between logistics cost management and the profitability Pearson's simple correlation coefficient have been applied taking into account their degree. For judging the joint influence of the selected measures relating to working capital management on the profitability, multiple correlation analysis has been applied. In order to assess the joint effect of the selected measures of working capital management on the profitability, multiple regression analysis has been used. Further to examine whether the computed values of correlation coefficients, partial regression coefficients are statistically significant or not, 't' test has been used and whether the multiple correlation coefficient (R) is statistically significant or not. 'F' test has been used. In addition to this, to judge the effectiveness or the reliability of this relationship the multiple coefficient of determination (denoted by R2) has been used and it is defined as the ratio of explained variation to the total variation of the dependent variable (ROI). For measuring the sensitivity of ROI to changes in the level of working capital, working capital leverage (WCL) has been computed.2.3 Findings of the StudyAnalysis of Correlation between the selected ratios relating to Working Capital Management and the measure of Profitability: an attempt has been made to measure the impact of working capital on profitability by computing Karl Pearson's correlation coefficients between ROI and the selected measures relating to logistics cost management. Table - I shows that the correlation coefficient between ROI and CR is (-) 0,34 which indicates “tbat” there is a negative association between the profitability and the current ratio of the company and the correlation coefficient is found to be statistically significant both at five percent and one percent levels respectively. This significant correlation coefficient implies that there is significant association betweenROI and CR of the company during the study period. It is observed from the correlation coefficient between ROI and LR during the period under study is negative and is calculated at (-) 0.40 which is found to be statistically significant both at five percent and one percent levels respectively. It also reveals that there is a negative relationship between the ROI and QR. It is evident from these two ratios that the higher the company's margin of safety to the “shortterm” creditors, the lower is the profitability of the company.3 Conclusions of studyFocus on channel management, working capital management model is to establish a cooperative relationship with channel partners, and strive to improvlogistics cost management enterprises throughout the channels, and strive to achieve win-win even win. By analyzing the Qingdao Haier Representative practices and experiences on working capital management, we can at this stage the working capital of the appliance industry listed companies pipe.Management draws the following conclusions:3.1 Logistics cost management should focus on channelmanagementBased on channel management, working capital management model to study sale of the entire channel. Household electrical appliance enterprises in the day-to-day operations should focus on training and development of channel relationships, channel relationships will inevitably accelerate the turnover of working capital. Appliance manufacturers in order to long-term development should focus on channel management, the establishment of strategic partnerships with suppliers, manage all aspects of the production process, select the favorable marketing channels and establish appropriate relationships with the middlemen, and focus on customer relationship management , combined with channel relationships and business processes, improvlogistics cost management performance. Household electrical appliance enterprises with suppliers, brokers, from transactional to a partnership change, beyond traditional organizational boundaries in accordance with commoninterests to further optimize and adjust the functions and activities of the internal processes, reducing the channel caused by human factors, cash flow poor. Ultimately achieve a win-win situation even win. Using lean production methods in the production process, demand-driven production to meet customer needs focus on total quality management, shelf life, ensure the amount of the production process to reduce working capital usage. In the sales process, the establishment of a logistics distribution network, and network distribution system, speed up the delivery speed of the finished products, while focusing on customer relationship management to ensure sales channels occupied by the rapid turnover of working capital.3.2 Logistics cost management should be project management forcontentZero working capital management and flexible options for funds settlement and operation of global funds transfer smooth and timely manner to reduce the residence time of the funds in various aspects. Accelerate the logistics in order to bring high-speed operation of the flow of funds to take the production method according to orders and orders for the implementation of the entire information management. Its warehouse normative integration, and speed up the logistics speed. Haier implementation of readymade policy through the establishment of the "spot cash" system gates to achieve the goal of "zero bad debt", but also very small part of the back section using the credit account to control. The readymade mode effectively avoids the funds used and the risk of bad debts, to ensure the health of the Haier Group's cash flow and smooth. Household electrical appliance enterprises should be based on project management for content, focus on cash, inventory, accounts receivable, accounts payable management, the use of various project management methods to improve individual management performance, combined with the channel management of working capital to enhance the performance of their overall working capital management.3.3 Logistics cost management should be based on structuralmanagementThrough global financial networks worldwide, convenient, quick, short-term financing, through the rational use of short-term financing of financial leverage, and improve the efficiency of capital use. At the same time, financing and settlement Haier has also used its own resources advantage, acceptances, open letters of credit business of promotions, such as saving discount costs, reduce the amount of margin and exchange losses. Household electrical appliance enterprises to structure management, weighing the business risks and benefits, pay attention to the raising of working capital management and holdings management. Determine how to arrange the sources of funding of current assets should be based on the actual situation, there is a clear awareness of the risks, control the level of corporate debt, pay attention to the financing structure; according to their specific circumstances and environmental conditions in accordance with the moderate policy principles held to determine the appropriate the overall risks and benefits of working capital holdings, balanced business.The task of working capital management is the asset risk and profitability Trade-offs and choices, to seek for enterprise actual working capital investment model, the risk and profitability of the corporate assets Match, or in the case of risk reduction efforts to achieve the level of profitability to improve.——Vivek U. Pimplapure and Pushparaj P. Kulkarni Dr. Vivek U. Pimplapure, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Management Studies and Research, Deeksha Bhoomi, NagpurSCMS Journal of Indian Management, October - December, 2011.物流成本管理管理对盈利能力的影响1 物流成本管理的重要性物流成本管理，在财务方面是非常重要的一个企业的管理。
《物流实务英语》(英汉双语)
Summary 本章小结
The chapter focuses on the concept of supply chain and supply chain management. Supply chain consists of firms collaborating to serve the needs of end-customers. Supply chain consists of firms collaborating to take advantage of strategic position and to improve operating efficiency.
True or False 判断对错
1.There are a variety of definition about the term "logistics", each have slightly different meaning.
2. Logistics involves the flow and storage of "goods, services, and related information".
5. Good customer service is to make sure that the right person receive the right product with the right quantity at the right place at the right time in the right condition, even the cost is very high.
《物流专业英语》中文译文
——Introduction to logistics——物流导论1. 物流定义物流，物流中心，以及物料的流动特性都被称为物流。
物流最初形成于美国，被称作“实物配送”（PD），“实物分配”或者“货物传送”。
在20世纪60年代后，日本引入了这样的概念, 即：物流是实现产品和消费品之间的管理、运输、物流搬运、包装等联系的过程，并且作为一种信息角色的支持来控制这类功能。
它扮演在销售物料中的桥梁角色。
物流是一个中国乃至全世界的热门语题。
虽然它已经不是一个新生事物了，但是不少人对物流的认识仍然有限。
物流知识正是本教科书的题材。
人们往往将物流称为货物流通，是的，这部分是正确的，但是物流远远不止这些。
那么物流究竟是指什么呢？当你看到术语“物流”时，你可能会意外的发现存在着各种不同版本的定义，每种都各有不同的含义。
为了避免可能发生的对物流含义的误解，本书采用美国供应链管理专业协会（前身为美国物流管理协会)目前的定义，该协会是全世界物流专业领城中最著名的组织。
根据美国物流管理协会，物流是指以满足客户需求为目的，对货物、服务以及相关信息从原产地到消费者的高效、有效流动及储存进行计划、实施和控制的过程。
这是一个相当长的定义，为了更好地理解，我们来更详细分析它。
1.1 这是一个“计划、实施和控制过程”首先，物流是一个“计划，实施和控制”的过程。
特别重要的是“和”这个词，它暗示出物流应该涵盖三个活动，计划、实施、控制，不只是其中的一个或两个。
不过有人认为，现代物流更多指的是实施而不是物流策略的规划。
1.2 关于“有效与高效流动和储存”请注意，该定义还提到了“有效和高效流动和储存”。
一般来说，效果可以被看作是“一个公司在他们所言及的将要做的工作方面做得怎么样”。
例如，如果一家公司承诺，所有订单将在24小时内收到，那么效果是指在实际中装运发货并在24小时内收到的订单所占的比例。
相比之下，效率可以被认为是为达到公司承诺，资源被利用的好坏程度。
01《物流专业英语》--Unit-1-What-is-logistics-qq
The Coca Cola soft drink product moves by the typical supply chain. The retail price is higher because value is added to the product as it passes through each node in the supply chain (Figure 2).
一般来说, 商品/产品的流转需遵循典型的供应链模式（见图1）。
Manufacturer 厂家
Distributor 配送商
Wholesaler 批发商
End consumer 最终客户
Figure 1 A typical supply chain 图1 典型的供应链
Retailer (Supermarket) 零售商（超市）
流通是把商品/产品（半成品或成品）移动到不同地点或客户的 行为或过程。通常来说, 制造厂商把重心放在生产上, 而物 流公司则从事商品的流通。
Figure 3 Scope of logistics activities 图3 物流活动的范围
All facets of logistics 物流面面观
From a wider perspective, we can conclude that logistics is or is about:
如果客户想买一瓶可口可乐，他可能选择:
• go straight to the manufacturer, buy it at ex-factory price (e.g. 1.50 Yuan/bottle) but pay extra costs for bus fare (e.g. 5 Yuan or more) , totaling 6.50 Yuan plus time cost (hours of bus travel), or
物流英语(1-5章)课文翻译
第一章1.1为了避免潜在的误解对物流的意义，这本书采用目前定义由议会颁布的物流管理，是世界上最突出的物流专业组织之一。
据机CLM，“物流是供应链过程的一部分，计划，实施和控制的高效率，有效正向和反向流动和货物，服务存储和原产地之间的点和消费点的相关信息为了满足客户的需求“。
这个定义需要在更详细分析。
首先，物流供应链过程的一部分。
现在的关键是，物流是一个更大的意义上图片的一部分，供应链上各业务功能（如营销，生产和财务）内和跨组织的协调的重点。
事实上，物流。
即明确为物流的供应链可以实现的目标和目标的一部分公认的事实。
机CLM的定义还指出，物流“的计划，实施和控制。
尤其重要”这个词的，这表明物流应参与所有三个活动-规划，实施，控制，而不只是一两个。
有人提出，但是，物流更比在某些后勤政策，规划的实施。
请注意，机CLM的定义也提到了“高效率和有效的正向和反向的流动和存储。
”一般来说，效果可以被认为是“如何做了公司做他们说他们怎么办呢？”举例说，如果一家公司承诺，所有订单将在24小时内收到，那么订单的比例实际上是在24小时内发货收到发货？相比之下，效率可以被认为是如何（或不好）的公司资源用于做到一公司承诺可以做关于正向和反向流动，仓储，物流一直在关注着流动和存储，也就是朝着针对这些消费点。
然而，物流学科已经认识到逆向流动和储存（）逆向物流，它产生于消费一点的重要性。
逆向物流也可能在未来得到更多的重视，因为网上购物往往比其他类型的采购大老更高的回报。
机CLM的定义还指出，物流涉及的流动和“货物，服务和相关信息的存储。
”事实上，在当代，物流既是对信息的流动和储存的营商环境，由于它是关于流动和储存货物。
信息技术的进步使得越来越容易，成本低的公司来取代库存信息。
考虑美国海军陆战队的目标是取代库存信息，使他们不会储存在战场附近吨物资。
这就是武装德福塞斯在海湾战争时，却发现他们无法保持在什么容器，甚至没有使用的许多项目跟踪最后，机CLM的定义表明，这对物流的目的是“满足客户的需求。
物流专业英语课文翻译
物流专业英语课文翻译物流专业英语是考查课，该课程最终成绩由平时成绩和考试成绩组成，平时成绩占30％，考试成绩占70％。
理论考试采用开卷方式，平时成绩由考勤、平时作业和课堂发言三部分组成。
下面是物流专业英语课文翻译，为大家提供参考。
储存功能1.检查的目的在于货物的数量，质量和包装，必须跟着合同的具体标准来。
2.货物储存在仓库进行分销和销售，被称为库存。
3.包装租赁占有仓库总成本的很大比例。
4.仓库的大小取决于客户群体的需要，例如，库存水平的计划。
5.商检过程中，出口和进口商品进行检验的主要有产品的数量、质量、包装、产地、安全及卫生条件。
6.电子订单系统负责将客户订单和企业之间的信息进行共享。
7.JIT的目的在于立即满足客户需求，并且以完美的质量和准时的时间。
8.货物处理可能占有劳动力的50%和配送中心的70%。
9.通过消除仓储费用和其他相关费用可以将你的库存降到最低以提高利润。
10.存储成本不会改变存储水平，但随着数量变化存储位置也会改变，一般包括仓租金，报废成本，排放成本成本等。
11.为了降低存储成本，进行计划库存是很有必要的，但必须回答3个基本问题：何时订购，订多少，订购价格等。
运输管理1.班轮运输有三个特定的组件:固定港口、固定航线提前宣布运输时间2.租船运输是用来运送低价值商品3.在海洋运输代理公司叫船舶代理4.航空货运成本是卡车运输的5倍，铁路运输的20倍。
但正常操作条件下更可靠、准时和可预测5.散货集装箱是用来装载散装货物6.货物运费是由一艘船,飞机,标榜汽车——协议交货的7.油轮容器主要是用于运输石油和天然气的8.空车返回意味着运载工具,如飞机和卡车,在单程运输上未运送乘客或货物9.返航是从交付目的地到出发点的一段航行过程。
10.提货单是一个文件标题。
11.海洋提货单是一个货物装在到船上的收据。
12.托运人和运送者是货运合同中的两个部分。
13.购买人通常就是贸易合同上的收件人。
14.班轮航行在固定港口与提前发送的航运信息之间的固定航线上。
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第一节什么是物流管理1.物流管理的定义完成商业交易后物流将以最有效的成本方式以最有效的成本方式实行从供应商（卖方）到客户（买方）货物转运。
这就是物流的定义。
在转运过程中，像物流设施和设备（物流运输工具）之类的硬件是必要的，也需要信息控制和标准化管理。
另外，来自政府和物流协会的支持应该到位。
物流的三个主要功能(1)创造时间价值：同样的货物在不同的时间有不同的价值。
货物常常在转运过程中处于滞留状态，用专业术语来说这被叫做物流储存。
它创造货物的时间价值。
(2)创造场所价值：同样的货物在不同的场所可以被不同地定值。
转运过程中增加的价值就是物流的场所价值。
(3)流通加工价值：有时物流创造流通加工价值，流通加工改变货物的长度、厚度和包装。
正像流行说法，“分割成更小块”是最常见的流通加工形式。
物流的大部分过程创造货物的附加值。
物流是一项新的商业领域，从传统阶段到现代阶段发展而来。
这两个阶段间的主要不同点包括：(1) 现代物流采用集装箱运输技术。
货物运输过程从包装开始，接着是运输、储存及配送。
整个过程在物流标准下进行．基于物流600×400的基础模数，形成1,200×1,000的物流模数，并放大到2,591×2,438的尺寸—即集装箱高乘宽的尺寸。
它也能被调整到适于铁运、汽运和船运的集装箱标准尺．寸。
电子数据交换全球定位(2)信息技术对现代物流来说极其重要。
条码，销售点，电子数据交换和全球定位系统极大地提高了五六活动的效率和精确性。
互联网更进一步促进了物流行业的市场开发、市场操作和管理。
2.物流管理的活动(1)客户服务。
客户服务被定义为：以客户至上为宗旨，以最可能低的成本整合、管理所有客户管理的交界面以取得最佳效果．客户服务将所有的物流活动连接在一起．客户是否能在适当的情景收到合适的产品将影响到其他操作活动。
(2)订单处理。
订单处理可以比作人的躯体的中枢神经系统,激发配送过程并指导各种活动得以进行，以满意订货要求。
订单处理活动可以被分解成三个种类。
第一，操作部分，诸如订单录入与校定，生产计划运输方式的准备工作以及货物托运清单。
第二，沟通部分，诸如订单修订，订货状况查询，跟踪，催促，错误修正以及产品信息寻求等。
最后，信贷与托收部分，包括信贷核查和有效账户的处理和托收。
客户服务在订单处理的速度与精确性方面扮演一个重要角色。
先进的系统能够减少订单下达与发货之间的时间。
订单常常通过计算即系统来完成。
先进的计算机系统虽然起初对公司来说很昂贵，但它能大大地提高业务的准确性和效率。
通常，别的物流开支（库存，运输和仓储）的节约，或来自客户服务提升了的销售的增长，将证明这一系统提升了的成本是非常值得的。
(3)物流沟通要取得当今商务环境的成功，就需要复杂沟通体系的管理。
有效的沟通应该存在于下面各项之间：(a)公司及其客户和供应商；(b)公司的主要运作，比如：市场，生产，物流，财务/会计；(c)与物流相关的活动，比如：客户服务，交通运输，仓储与保管，订单处理和库存控制。
(d)每项物流活动的组成部分.例如:内部存货控制是指企业内的存货、运输中的存货和区域仓库存货）。
沟通是全部物流和客户之间的极其重要桥梁。
一家公司的沟通体系可以像计算机化的管理信息系统那么复杂，也可以像个人间口头表达那么简单。
无论使用何种系统,重要的信息一定是可用的，并且一定能与“需要知道”的个人进行沟通。
(4)存货控制。
对于确保足够的产品供应，以满足客户要求和生产需求来说，存货控制是十分重要的。
存货耗费空间和资本。
存货的成本能够在全部成本的百分之14到百分之50。
成功的存货控制就是确保足够的存货来满足客户要求，并且考虑到执行其它物流活动的成本。
(5)预测要求。
预测需求是指确定客户将来所需求的产品数量和服务．它对于诸如市场营销、生产制造和物流之类的所有操作来说是非常重要的。
* 市场预测决定促销战略，销售力量分配，价格战略和市场研究活动。
* 生产预测决定生产计划，购买和采购策略以及厂内库存的决定* 物流预测决定产品的运输和储存。
需求预测能够使经理们有效地分配资源（预算）以满足需求。
由于市场的不确定性，预测可能很困难。
然而，公司还是应该进行需求预测并将那些结果通知给其他部门。
尖端计算机模数，趋向分析，销售力量评估或其他方式都能有助于这些预测。
(6)运输。
货物流动有赖于运输过程，它包括运输方式的选择（铁运，汽运，空运和管道运输），选择特殊的路径（线路）；对各种地方性的、州和联邦的运输规定的遵从；熟知国内外交通运输要求．运输常常占去物流成本的最大部分。
(7)仓储与库存。
除非消费者立即需要产品，他们必须被储存在某些地点。
仓储与库存是管理所需空间以容纳存货的各项活动。
特别储存活动包括：决定储存设施是否自己拥有、租赁或租用；仓库布局和设计和设计；产品的混杂考量；安全和维护；安全系统；人员培训，生产力力衡量．(8) 场物与库区的选择。
在特殊市场附近的战略性地址能够提高客户服务水平，降低运输成本。
当作出某一地址的选定时，我们需要研究产品市场，客户要求, 原材料地址，零配件和装配件状况。
别的主要考虑包括劳动生产率，运输，税收，安全，法律，地方社团（比如对新行业的态度）的地租和基础设施。
(9)物料搬运。
它涉及到所有工厂或仓库里的原材料、部件、配件、存货和制成品。
它的目标是* 尽可能地减少搬运装卸* 缩短搬迁距离* 搬运过程货物最小化* 提供统一流程，避免消极因素* 使损失(损坏或货物失窃)最小化装卸合搬运是物流中最频繁的活动，但是一般来说它不能给产品添加价值，这些操作应该保持在最小化。
在减少存货、降低成本和提高生产力方面，物料搬运扮演一个重要的角色。
(10)采购。
采购是对来自其它公司的物料与服务的获得。
采购包括挑选供应地点，决定物料获得的形式,以及时间、价格、质量控制和众多其它活动。
(11)零件及服务支持。
物流总是跟关于产品的维修以及服务的很多活动相联系。
售后服务通常是交易的一部分。
比如当产品坏掉或是出现故障时要替换零件。
对有需要的顾客应该有足够的备用及替换的零件。
如果产品因为故障而不能用了，那么备用零件的供应商必须马上作出反应以避免额外的费用(12)包装。
包装起着两个基本的作用——市场和物流。
市场中包装起到促销和广告的作用。
包装的尺寸，重量，颜色，以及印刷的信息吸引消费者并且传达产品的信息。
当商行参与到国际物流，包装就变得更重要了。
销售到国外的产品要行过很长的距离及经历更多的装卸搬运活动。
物流包装目的就是在物流的过程中保护产品。
(13) 废料处理。
这个物流过程必须对废弃的产品进行有效并且快速地处理，运输以及储存。
如果这些废料能够被回收，物流公司应该安排并且将它们移到再生产和重新处理的位置。
(14)回收货物处理。
回收货物的处理通常叫做逆向配送。
购买者可能因为很多原因返回物品给卖者。
很多物流系统对处理这类情况还不够好。
在很多产业中，消费者因为保修、替换或回收而还回产品，逆向配送成本可能会非常高。
逆向配送将变得更重要因为顾客要求更灵活更好的回收政策。
阅读材料国际物流通过出口，许可证，合资企业，以及所有权而与国际市场相联系的公司越来越多了。
这个趋势应该还会继续。
在这种扩张下需要发展全世界的物流网络。
国际化的未来趋势有以下几点：(1)更多的担负国际责任的主管部门(2)国外贸易区域的数量和大小的扩张(3)国际纸面工作和文件记录的减少(4)出口商行拥有和控制更多的国外仓库(5)一些更小的商行的数量的增长(6)拥有国外的物流服务商行，例如，公共仓储和运输工具(7)复合配送渠道的增长国际运输和国际物流在某种程度上是同样的。
因此，当涉及到国际贸易，商行必须建立起国际物流系统来提供要求的产品和服务。
国际物流的最重要的发展将是越来越多的采用尖端信息系统以及独立部门的运转。
第二节物流的最新趋势1、第三方物流第三方物流提供所有的物流服务。
他们的角色就像是第一方（供应者）和第二方（买者或者顾客）之间的桥梁或是工具。
第三方物流提供商最主要的目标是为供应商降低物流总成本以及提高客户服务水平。
第三方物流已经在很快地成长。
成长背后的主要动力是成本的降低和更好更便宜的服务。
第三方物流供应商将处于联合加强若干公司的位置并且提供经常性的拣货和配送，而这些是自行运输所办不到的。
还有以下的一些原因：企业在物流方面不够专业化企业没有足够的资源渴望实施更好的物流运作或者没有时间去发展需要的能力企业正风险投资另外一笔生意，而这笔生意的物流需求完全不同企业吞并或收购可能使得外抱物流运作比集成物流运作更有吸引力2、逆向物流按照传统，物流包含两个部分：物料管理和配送。
逆向物流添加了第三个部分。
逆向物流处理从顾客向供应者的物料流。
这包含产品回收，有缺陷产品，容器或箱子及包装材料。
逆向物流也被称之为“响应环保的物流”，因为它有利于使不需要的物料重新进入循环。
这有利于节省增加的和不确定的成本。
实施逆向物流的机会是很大的。
预计零售商和制造商将各自有5%到10%的商品被回收。
3、全球物流发达国家处理国际化问题通常有两种途径：要么成本上比第三世界国家更有竞争力，要么在其他国家寻找新的合作伙伴来制造部件、二次组装以及甚至最终的产品。
这第二条途径迫使发达国家进入一个叫做“全球物流”的新领域。
全球运作的好处包括低廉的原始材料和最后的产品，更低的劳动力成本，更好的质量，增加的内部竞争和更好的顾客服务。
一些不足之处是不可靠的货物的发送、沟通欠缺以及从设计到最终产品的时间更长。
挑战通常来自文化和语言的不同，法律上的需要，物流支持，寻找有资格的全球供应商或制造商，汇率等。
全球物流涉及的“流”主要有三种：物料流、文件单证流、资金流。
同国内状况非常相似。
全球供应链可能要求除了买卖双方以外的其他方的参与。
在买方和卖方之间的一些常见的需要解决的问题包括：谁来为货物付款，谁负责保险以及谁准备单证。
对于这些问题的大部分及其他问题，答案是(国际商业术语)。
解释了买卖双方之间的相互责任和义务。
涉及到的单证的类型：合同，运输单证如航空运单和提单，发票，资金流单证如信贷证明和海关报关单证等等。
国内物流和全球物流的资金流的最基本的区别是与收货及付款相关联的不确定性。
像银行等中立方可以在买方和卖方之间的现金交易中活动。
大多数全球交易是通过来进行的。
是一个由买方银行发出的金融文件，这个文件授权卖方依据商业交易的条款和条件来收款。
在货物发给买方后，卖方呈交给银行，然后就可以收到同意的货款。
4、虚拟仓库是一个使用先进的技术(例如计算机网络)来达到信息的快速、精确共享的网络。
好处包括更好的精确性，客户服务，更精确的对运输的控制，及对可以使用虚拟仓库的人的数据分析能力。
虚拟仓库的概念还不成熟。
它在一些电子和电信公司里已经得到了部分的实施。