英语四级快速阅读原文出处及答案(2011年12月)

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2011年12月英语四级阅读真题来源

2011年12月英语四级阅读真题来源2011年12月四级考试阅读真题：男女分校更有利2011年12月四级考试阅读真题被证实也是摘自卫报的新闻，原文题目Single-sex schools help boys to enjoy arts, says study 研究证明纯男子学校更利于男学生学习艺术。

原文发布时间为2010年1月，比较久远。

2011年12月英语四级真题及答案解析完整版

2011年12月英语四级真题及答案解析完整版Part I Writing【标准版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillNothing runs smoothly in our life. To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. Life is like a Marathon. Many people can’t get to the terminal. This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking. After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough. Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.”By doing this, they surrender to their weak will. In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will. To be successful in one’s life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.【高分版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillAs we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved. There is something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.The ability to do something over and over again in a short time may imply its easiness, but in a long run, a lifetime maybe, things turn out to be quite the opposite. Also, as is often the case, one may have obtained all the tools and opportunities to achieve something, but in the end they still fail due to the will shortage.So how could we avoid the dilemma? Here is the prime condition of success: will and perseverance. Concentrate you energy, thought and mind exclusively on the business in which you are engaged, hang on in there and be patient, for, as Emerson put it, no one can cheat you out of your ultimate success but yourself.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1【答案】A) sticks to them in their daily life2. 【答案】C) It is the basis of mutual trust3. 【答案】A. To ensure we make responsible choices.4.【答案】B. it is claimed to be unintentional.5.【答案】A. Avoid making excuses.6.【答案】C. value immediate benefits most.7. 【答案】A) pay more dearly8.【答案】steal a grade9.【答案】honesty and good faith10.【答案】the Watergate scandalPart III Listening ComprehensionSection A11.【答案】B) Go and ask the staff.12.【答案】A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.13.【答案】B) She is worried about missing her flight.14.【答案】A) At a restaurant15.【答案】A) He is being interviewed for a job.16.【答案】B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.17.【答案】D) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.18.【答案】B)They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic. Conversation One19.【答案】B）He prefers hot weather to cold weather.20.【答案】B）The cold houses.21.【答案】C）Depressing.22.【答案】B）They work hard and play hard.Conversation Two23.【答案】B）French.24..【答案】C）careers guidance.25. 【答案】D）Its pleasant environment.Section BPassage One26. 【答案】C) The art of Japanese brush painting27. 【答案】B) To enhance concentration.28.【答案】A) How listeners in different cultures show respect. Passage Two29.【答案】 B) Buying and maintain equipment.30. 【答案】D)Two of his employees committed theft.31. 【答案】B)Advancement to a higher position.32 【答案】D) She is competing with Chris for the new job.Passage Three33.【答案】A）They help us see the important values of a culture.34.【答案】B) The values they reflect may change.35Section CCompound DictationOur lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own company, I no longer imagine I can get through a single day much less all my life completely on my own. Even if I am on vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others, using electricity someone else is distributing to my house. Evidence of interdependence is everywhere; we are on this journey together.As I was growing up, I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything.“Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mother’s favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it.Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture. I imagine that what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines. And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help. I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.PART 4Section A47 growth48 stable49 challenges50 certainly51 role52 combined53 significant54 included55 comprise56 solutionsSection BPassage One57, C encourage boys to express their emotions freely58, A perform relatively better59, C It fails to give boys the attention they need60, A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys 61, C They have sharper visionPassage Two62. C . It makes all the hard work worthwhile.63. D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.64. A. conflicts between couples tend to rise65. D. men and women view money in different ways.66. C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship.Part V Cloze67.reveals68.staff69.while70.shortages71.surveyed72.private73.concerned 74.recruit75.As76.for77.intensify78.technical79.priority80.subjects81.if82.rate83.particular84.highlighted85.workforce 86.wherePart VI Translation87. Charity groups organized various activities to raise money for the survivors of the earthquake. (为地震幸存者筹款)88. Linda couldn’t have received my e-mail (不可能收到我的电子邮件), otherwise, she could have replied.89. It’s my mother who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart (一直鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my study.90. The publishing house has to consider the popularity of this novel. (考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。

2011年12月CET-4快速阅读理解真题题解

2011年12月CET-4快速阅读理解真题题解
刘志强;张微
【期刊名称】《海外英语（中）》
【年(卷),期】2012(000)003
【摘要】从2011年12月的CET-4快速阅读理解真题来看，文章主要讲诚信的问题，主要包括“诚信是什么”“冒险的决定”“但是每人都在做”“冒险系数评估”“能不能侥幸逃脱”“欺骗也伤害他人”“为什么诚信是重要的”几个部分。

文中7个小标题明确界定了每个部分的主旨，且每个小标题下基本上都有一道题目。

【总页数】3页(P58-60)
【作者】刘志强;张微
【作者单位】江西师大鹰潭学院;江西师大鹰潭学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H310.42
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因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

2011年12月英语四级真题解析+听力原文

Listening Comprehension短对话答案Section A11.W:This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused.I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?M:Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask?Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?【答案】B)Go and ask the staff.【解析】这是一道事实细节题。

从对话中可知，女士搞不清楚列车时刻表，男士建议她去售票窗口咨询。

ticket window售票窗口。

12.W:I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night.Did you get home in time to see it?W:Oh,yes,but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q:What does the man mean?【答案】A)He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.【解析】这是道推理判断题，考查男士的言下之意以及虚拟语气。

could have done意为本可以做某事，但未做。

从对话中可知，男士确实回家看了电视节目，但是他说道：I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.我真希望自己当时能再晚点睡着，这样我就可以看完整场节目了。

说明他没有看完整场节目就睡着了。

13.W:Airport,please.I’m running a little late.So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.M:Sure,but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q:What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?【答案】B)She is worried about missing her flight.【解析】这是道场景题，略有难度。

2011年12月四级真题+答案详解+听力原文-推荐下载

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Why Integrity MattersWhat is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone,” or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; suspension or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control overwhat that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It--Or Not Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______。

2011年12月大学英语四级真题试卷及参考答案

2011年12月大学英语四级真题试卷及参考答案Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Why Integrity MattersWhat is Integrity?The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one whodoesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone,” or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; suspension or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It--Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knowsthat without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individualwell-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______。

2011年12月英语四级真题解析+听力原文

Listening Comprehension短对话答案Section A11.W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?【答案】B) Go and ask the staff.【解析】这是一道事实细节题。

从对话中可知，女士搞不清楚列车时刻表，男士建议她去售票窗口咨询。

ticket window售票窗口。

12.W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it?W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the man mean?【答案】A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.【解析】这是道推理判断题，考查男士的言下之意以及虚拟语气。

could have done意为本可以做某事，但未做。

从对话中可知，男士确实回家看了电视节目，但是他说道：I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing. 我真希望自己当时能再晚点睡着，这样我就可以看完整场节目了。

说明他没有看完整场节目就睡着了。

13.W: Airport, please. I’m running a little late. So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?【答案】B) She is worried about missing her flight.【解析】这是道场景题，略有难度。

2011年12月四级真题答案

备注:由于是方正转文本文件,有些格式符号等都发生变化,望见谅!2011年12月大学英语四级真题答案与解析Part ⅠWriting参考范文：Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillIt is generally agreed that the easiest thing tends to be the hardest one, as is the case with some heavy smokers who have tried to quit smoking for hundreds of times without any success. The reason for their failure is the lack of a strong will.Success depends on many factors, of which, in my opinion, mental factors are by far the most decisive. A strong will is more important than repeated efforts in giving up smoking. In any of other tasks, people need, at the very first, to set a goal and stick to it with a strong willpower. Without a strong will, they may easily give up half way. Those who do succeed reaching their goals succeed simply because they have that mental power which enables them to hold on even in the most difficult times.As university students, we also need to develop a strong will to pursue our academic studies, as we are also frequently faced with various challenges. So we need to be mentally prepared to make painstaking efforts. I believe this is the only way we can achieve our success. Remember, meanwhile, that there will be nothing difficult in the world, if we make up our mind to accomplish it.Part ⅡReading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）篇章层次分析：这是一篇关于“正直、诚信（integrity）的说明文。

2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(仔细阅读部分)

2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（仔细阅读部分）仔细阅读：Passage One：Absence of girls removes pressure to conform to masculine stereotype，claims US researcher美国研究者认为，男女分校有利于帮男生消除男性形象的压力Rachel Williams The Guardian，Wednesday 20 January 2010Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art，dance and music，according to research released today．据今日发布的研究表示，男校是教育年轻男性表达情感最佳的地点，也更有可能让他们进行艺术、跳舞和音乐等活动。

Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim，the absence of girlsgives boys the chance to develop without pressure toconform to a stereotype，the US study says．这项美国研究说明，与传统文化形象强调的凡事靠自己、进取向上的男性特征不同，学校里没有女生，给了男生在没有典型形象压力下自主发展的机会。

Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness，rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man"．在男校里，男生们可以有更多的机会参与文化和艺术活动，帮助他们发展情感表现力。

2011年12月英语四级考试深度阅读真题试卷

Absence of girls removes pressure to conform to masculine stereotype, claims US researcher Rachel Williams The Guardian, Wednesday 20 January 2010 Boys’ schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today. Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereo*type, the US study says. Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man". The report, presented at a conference of the International Boys’ Schools Coalition in London attended by the heads of private and state schools, goes against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls. The headmaster of Eton, Tony Little, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls, despite the fact that girls "turn on the waterworks".　Are money problems driving you apart? Sometimes love really can be measured in pounds and pence It’s an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say that you only live once and we work hard and what’s the point if you can’t go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year – we just won’t go. Since money is reputed to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people in May this year found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. What’s less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession –financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent report from ICOR (the online Information Centre on Relationships) cited research showing arguments about money were especially damaging to couples – even more so to their children. Disputes were characterised by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry. So why are arguments about money so emotive? Since they seem to be so even without a recession, they have to be about more than literally pounds and pence. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolises, which may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions of what it is for," he explains. "They will say it’s to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them, to keep score." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status, of trying to best the man down the road who’s just bought a flash car, and of showing their parents that they’ve achieved something. He warns that, while couples need enough money not to struggle and be unhappy, an extra ￡5,000 above that amount won’t make them any happier. "The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they don’t. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you are doing, who is paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you don’t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it." Research from a wholesome organisation in the US called the National Healthy Marriage Resource Center says that establishing a "fair and equitable pattern of handling money early in marriage appears to be important for the quality and stability of the marriage". Admitting your incomes to each other and making budgets for your household expenses may not seem romantic but it is, in fact, the real language of love. The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become demoralised when their female counterparts do better earlier in verbal skills and reading, because the left side of the brain develops faster in girls. They also felt they had to be "cool" rather than studious. But in single sex schools teachers are able to tailor lessons to boys’ learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study’s author, education expert Abigail James, of the University of Virginia. Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Boys in boys’ schools "loved" to pen verse because they enjoyed the "inherent structure in poems", James said. Because, the researchers say, boys generally have better spatial skills, more acute vision, learn best through touch, are more impulsive and more physically active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around, with this natural impulse not seen as disruptive. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote. Single sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype gained from the media by girls that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In the present sexualised atmosphere prevalent in mixed schools, boys feel coerced into acting like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the report said.。

2011年12月大学英语四级考试答案

答案：1-7 BDCDD CB8. steal a grade9. honesty and good faith10. the Watergate scandal快速阅读注意事项：快速阅读的最后三题，也就是填空题，在填空前一定要看快速阅读的题目要求，如果题目中要求填空的字数不能超过三个，则需要取该填内容中最重要的几个关键字。

比如上面第9题，如果题目要求不超过三个字，则答案就是honesty and faith; 如果题目没有字数限制，则完整答案是the honesty and good faith of others11-15 CBACB 16-18 DBD19-22 BAAA 23-25 CDA26-28 DDA 29-32 CBAC 33-35 BDD36. company 37. single 38. completely 39. vacation 40. sewn 41. electricity42. Evidence 43. journey44. I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything45. what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibility for my actions and my choices46. I would do almost anything not to be a burden and not require any help from anybody.听力注意事项：听力填空时要注意看清空所在的前后内容的语法结构，比如如果这个空应填一个动词，则你要看这个动词到底应该是什么时态，如果是完成时态，即使你没有听到规则动词后面的ed，你填的时候也要补上；如果是一般现在时，则要看清动词前面的主语的单复数，如果主语是单数，那么动词要配合在词尾加s 或es 或其他相应的动词第三人称的变位形式（比如以y结尾的动词，如果y前是辅音，则需把y 变成i再加es）。

2011年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析

2011年12月英语四级真题及答案1作文真题范文及点评Nothing Scucceeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the eaiest thing in the world. I'va done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I WritingNothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillNothing runs smoothly in our life. To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. Life is like a Marathon. Many people can’t get to the terminal. This is not because they are lack of vit ality but because theirwill of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking. After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough. Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to th eir weak will. In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will. To be successful in one’s life, a strongwill means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute文章点评：本文属于话题类作文，只看题目“Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”考生会觉得比较抽象，难以下手。

2011年12月cet4真题及答案

Nothing succeeds without a strong willThere is a prevalent joke around young people saying that …quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world, and I’ve done it for hundreds of times.‟ This seemingly funny statement ironically reflects the fact that the determination of most youngsters is often started with enthusiasm, but the passion becomes increasingly weaker each day, and then diminishes as if there has been no such thing at all.It is obvious that their failure in …quitting smoking‟ and decli ne of determination are all ascribed to their lack of will. Initially, every success involves several stages of setbacks and risks, and we need to summon up our will to conquer them. Moreover, there are enormous temptation in our path of pursuit of success. For instance, when we plan to quit smoking, our roommates may smoke freely in front of us; when we are eager to keep fit, our close friends may invite us to have late night snacks. Under these occasions, only strong will can assist us to resist the temptation, and persist in chasing our goals until we triumphantly realize them.In short, no dream will successfully come true if we do not have strong will. An old famous proverb says that …where there is a will, there is a way‟. Let us bear this motto in mind no matter how many thunders and thorns are on our roads ahead, and then we will be successful with such precious and powerful spirit.1. A) sticks to them in their daily life2. C) It is the basis of mutual trust3. A) To ensure we make responsible choices.4. B). it is claimed to be unintentional.5. A). Avoid making excuses.6. C). value immediate benefits most.7. A) pay more dearly8. steal a grade.9. honesty and good faith.10、the Watergate scandal11-15 BDCAB 16-20 DABCC21-25 CBCCD 26-30 CBABD31-35 BDABA36. company37. single38. completely39. vacation40. sewn41. electricity42. evidence43. journey44. I remember being carefully taught that independence, not interdependence,was everything45. what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibility for my actions and my choices.46. I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.47、H 根据this确定此空必然填一单数名词，15词中D/E/H备选，E/H 相似，其中必有一个答案，前文所说人口、能源消耗等，均只能用“增长”来指代，而不能说是进步；故选择H.growth，根据相似原则，E和H可以一起划去。

四级真题：2011年12月四级阅读理解解析

英语类考试频道为友整理⼤学英语四六级考试，供⼤家参考学习。

Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. If you’re a male and you’re reading this, congratulations: you’re a survivor. According to statistics, you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, than nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman. There’re many reasons for this – typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke – but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor. “Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should,” says Dr. Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.” Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延长) his life.” According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. “A lot of men think they’re invincible (不可战胜的),” Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’” Then there’s the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr, Ross Cartmill. “Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost far greater; it’s called premature death.” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2011年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题及答案（详解）

2011年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题及答案Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Where There I a Will There Is a Way. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: Where There Is a Will There Is a Way 1．坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。

．坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。

2．意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命，3．学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，才用。

才用。

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, each day. One who has responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules abouto keep plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks the later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test o assignment; an "F" in the class; suspension or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an life and death, or highest extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It--Or Not Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is n curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but ⑧.a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatayour education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the and destructive attack on the quality of University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. ⑨.We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many example of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, ⑩.Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want live. 1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______。

2011年12月英语四级真题及答案(含听力原题)

2011年12月英语四级真题及答案（含听力原文）英语四级作文题目Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay Where There Is a Will There Is a Way . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。

2.意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命3. 学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才听力原题11.W：This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused .I cannot figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?M: Why don‟t you just go to the ticket window and ask ?Q: what does the man suggest the woman do ?12.W：I really enjoy the TV Special about ??? last night ? did you get how many ti me to see it ?M : oh yes ,but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to the see the whole thingQ: what does the man mean ?W: Airport ,please .I‟m learning a little late .so just take the fastest way,even if it‟s not the most directM: sure ,but there‟s a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game Q: what do we learn about the women from the conversation?14. W:May I make a recommendation ,sir ,our seafood with the special source is ver y goodM: thank you , but I don‟t eat shellfish. I …m allergic to itQ: where does the conversation most probably take place ?15. W: Now one more question if you don‟t mind. What position in the company ap peals you most?M: Well. I‟d like the position of sales manager, if that position is still vacant。

12月17英语四级快速阅读真题及答案

2011年12月17英语四级快速阅读真题及答案Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Why Integrity MattersWhat is Integrity?"Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles;honesty." The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting highpersonal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect forothers, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards evenwhen making life's hard choices, choices which may b e clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrityalso affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in anyimportant relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trustsomeone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of ourmost important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own d ecisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems inthe future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We m ust learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make r esponsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn'tknow the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideaswithout giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful researchnotes may u nintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse themisconduct. Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manageto fool themseWhy Integrity MattersWhat is Integrity?"Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles;honesty." The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting highpersonal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect forothers, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards evenwhen making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrityalso affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in anyimportant relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trustsomeone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of ourmost important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own d ecisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems inthe future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We m ust learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make r esponsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn'tknow the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideaswithout giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful researchnotes may u nintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse themisconduct. Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manageto fool themseWhy Integrity MattersWhat is Integrity?"Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles;honesty." The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting highpersonal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect forothers, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards evenwhen making life's hard choices, choices which may b e clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrityalso affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in anyimportant relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trustsomeone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of ourmost important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own d ecisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems inthe future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We m ust learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make r esponsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn'tknow the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideaswithout giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful researchnotes may u nintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse themisconduct. Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manageto fool themseelves about the risks they're taking by using excuses:"Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We m ust be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choicewe're making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Askhow you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could bewatching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of youractions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and toothers as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regretusually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simplyhaven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and atarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you losecontrol over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment:you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is anextremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some mattersof life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It--Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn'tlearn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheatingundermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroysself-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, andafraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caughtthe first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is fartherbehind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheatergets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get thissimple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulativeeffect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourageothers just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve,cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating"poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("IfI don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has adestructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you'retrying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of theeffect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must relyon the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn'tput money i n the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless.There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings andloan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrityof political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individualwell-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrityin order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standardsbut also _______.A) sticks to them in their daily lifeB) makes them known to othersC) understands their true valuesD)sees that others also follow them2. What role does integrity play in personal and professionalrelationships?A) It helps to create team spiritB) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of mutual trustD) It inspires mutual respect3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？A. To ensure we make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C. so that we don’t break any rules.D. so that we don’t run into trouble.4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?A. it has caused no harm.B. it is claimed to be unintentional.C. it has gone unnoticed.D. it is committed with good intentions.5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses.B. Listen to other people’s advice.C. Make his intensions public.D. Have others watch over his shoulder.6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______.A. will often become more cautiousB. are usually very aggressiveC. value immediate benefits most.D. may lose everything in the end7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.A) pay more dearlyB) become more confidentC) be widely admiredD) feel somewhat lucky8. Cheaters at exam d on’t care about their education, all they care about is how to _______9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s _______10. Many A mericans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of _______.参考答案：1-5 ACABA 6-7 CA8 stealing a grade9 honesty and good faith.10 the Watergate scandal。

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What is Integrity?"Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty."The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, r esponsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when m aking life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disap pointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships w ith others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then explorin g ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsi ble choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes mayunintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violatio n is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool the mselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I 'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own pa per, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to b ad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you wou ld feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. W ould you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yo urself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation.In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others t he power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of l ife and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It--Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from t he test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and indepe ndence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have faile d. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afr aid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier. " This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. St udents have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Hon esty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt an yone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. R ecent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a c urve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classr oom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're tr ying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, ch eating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for thei r degree.Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the hone sty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy f ood, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the d entist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan sca ndal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermine d the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and soci ety as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our in dividual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be fu nds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kin d of world in which we want to live.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also ____ ___。