华东师范大学研究生英语综合班期末考试翻译C
华东师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年
华东师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ. Translate the following terms into Chinese.(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Bill of exchange（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Bill of exchange汇票2.CBD (center of business district)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：CBD (center of business district)中央商务区PIT (China Council for the Promotion of international trade)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade)中国国际贸易促进委员会4.Head office（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Head office公司总部5.OPEC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)石油输出国组织6.Knockout product（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Knockout product拳头产品7.Emergency room（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Emergency room急诊室8.Pediatric intensive care unit（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Pediatric intensive care unit儿科重症监护病房9.Outpatient surgical center（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：outpatient surgical center门诊手术中心10.Cardiology（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Cardiology心脏病学11.Ophthalmology（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Ophthalmology眼科学12.Illegal foreign exchange transaction（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Illegal foreign exchange transaction非法外汇交易13.Foreign exchange revenue and spending（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Foreign exchange revenue and spending外汇收支izen（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Netizen网民15.The e-business（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：The e-business电子商务二、Ⅱ. Translate the following terms into English.(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.人文交流（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：人文交流cultural and educational exchanges17.法人（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：法人legal person18.大型实景歌舞演出（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：大型实景歌舞演出real-scene musical extravaganza19.廉租房（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：廉租房low-rent housing20.经适房（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：经适房economically affordable housing21.人才战略（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：人才战略talent strategy22.科教兴国战略和人才强国战略（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：科教兴国战略和人才强国战the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science, education and human resource23.服务种类（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：服务种类type of service24.资源调配（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：资源调配resource allocation25.激发内在经济活力（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：激发内在经济活力stimulate internal economic vitality26.公务接待费（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：公务接待费spending on official reception27.新型农村社会养老保险（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：新型农村社会养老保险new rural social endowment insurance28.农产品流通体系（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：农产品流通体系circulation system of agricultural product29.载人航天（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：载人航天manned space flight30.违法征地拆迁（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：违法征地拆迁illegal land requisition and demolishing三、Ⅲ. Translate the underlined part of the following passage into Chinese.(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31.Penny Gold:For three people thrown together by chance, it"s interesting that we all have spent part of our lives at the University of Chicago—me as an undergraduate student, John Komlos as a graduate student, and John Goldsmith as a professor. And the three of us are close in age and in the types of disciplines chosen—I am also a historian, with additional graduate training in literature and art history. A large difference among us, however, is that my teaching career has been primarily at a small liberal arts college (Knox College), an institution that puts itsstrongest emphasis on teaching, even while research is encouraged and expected. I"m also female and began my career during a period of time in which women were just beginning to enter academia in significant numbers; this has been a formative influence on my life in the academy and in my attitudes toward it.I entered graduate school without a clear commitment to professional training. In the fall term of my senior year, I was suddenly caught up in my studies by a serendipitous concatenation of courses in medieval studies and cultural history, and I just wanted to keep learning. It happened that Stanford, where I chose to go, was giving full funding for four years to all entering history graduate students at that time (thanks to generous funding from the Ford Foundation, which was—unsuccessfully, it turns out—trying to speed completion of Ph.D. s), so I paid nothing for my graduate education, nor did I have to go into debt. The first year of graduate school was quite a shock, and if I had been spending thousands of dollars of my own money, I"m not sure I would have stayed in school. But in the end, I was very glad the financial support enticed me to stay, helping me through a rough transition. While Stanford then gave its graduate students no instruction in teaching (a situation now changed), I had the good fortune to experience excellent mentoring while I was there, and unlike John Komlos and John Goldsmith, I learned a great deal during graduate school about how the academy works. My advisor was beginning his first job as a professor in the same year I began graduate school, and I learned much from him about the demands, pleasures, and precariousness of academic life. Another professor I worked closely with was denied tenure while I was in my third year; I contributed a letter to her successful appeal and learned a good deal about academic values and processes along the way. I was at Stanford in the early years of the women"s movement (1969—1974), and my involvement in the History Graduate Students Women"s Caucus was also a crucial learning experience. The department at Stanford had only one female professor at the time, a Harvard Ph.D. who, because of nepotism rules (her husband had a position in another department), was limited to a non-tenure-track adjunct appointment. When this woman resigned, the Women"s Caucus organized an effort to persuade the department to hire a woman for a tenure-track appointment. We talked, we wrote letters, and we succeeded. Another student and I were members of the search committee that resulted. I think I learned more about how the academy works, and how one can work to change it, in that one year than in many of the rest. Also, within this early cohort of women in the academy, there was a strong sense of solidarity, amongst both graduate students and faculty, within and across institutions. We knew we needed to figure out all we could about academic institutions and procedures in order to make it as newcomers, and we helped each other out as best we could. Often without access to the "old boy" networks, we founded "new girl" networks, and these have been a crucial source of support, comfort, and help to me over the years.From Chicago Guide to Your Academic Career（分数：60.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：我没有经过任何专业的培训，就进入了研究生院。
华中师范大学研究生英语「学硕」期末口语考试topic
华中师范⼤学研究⽣英语「学硕」期末⼝语考试topic1. Do you like reading? Please talk about one of your favorite writers or literary works.A 你听说《神奇动物在哪⾥3》要开拍了吗?这部电影改编⾃JK罗琳的⼩说。
她是我最喜欢的作家。
我等不及要看这部电影了。
这部电影讲述了斯卡曼德的故事。
他是⼀个英国⼈，但他去纽约带着⼀个奇怪的⼿提箱装满了神奇的⽣物。
这些动物是意外被放⽣的，所以他不得不⼀个接⼀个地捕捉这些神奇动物，但也不得不与美国当局⽃争。
不仅为观众提供了看到神奇⽣物的体验，你还可以发现现实世界的深刻反映。
就像她⾃⼰的⾓⾊⼀样，Jk·罗琳的⽣活也是传奇。
JK·罗琳于1965年7⽉31⽇出⽣于英国。
她很⼩的时候就想当作家。
在她六岁的时候，她写了她的第⼀本书，当她长⼤了，虽然她住在⼀个⼩公寓，她没有放弃写作。
最后，她成功了，变得⾮常有名。
A :Have you heard that 《Fantastic beasts and where to find them 3》is about to start shooting? This film adapted fr om one of JK Rowling’s novels. She is my favorite writer. I can't wait to see this movie. This film tells us the story of Scamander.He is an Englishman。
He went to New York carrying a strange suitcase filled with magical creatures. These creatures were released by accident, so he had to capture these creatures one by one, but also had to fight with the US authorities. In this film,you can experience the magical world, at the same time ,you can find deep reflections of the real world.Like that of her own character, J. K. Rowling's life is legendary. J.K Rowling was born in Julyin England . She wanted to be a writer when she was very young. At the age of six,she wrote her first book .When she grew up,although she lived in a tiny apartment ,she didn’t gi ve up writing. Finally ,she succeeded and became very famous.B 真的吗？我也很喜欢JK罗琳，我最喜欢的哈利波特，这本书⾮常有趣哈利波特是⼀系列⼩说的名字，也是主⾓。
华东师范大学研究生英语期末考试作文汇总
华东师范大学研究生英语期末考试作文汇总第一篇：华东师范大学研究生英语期末考试作文汇总竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperationEX 1Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constantcompetition for jobs, fame, wealth and so forth.We can say that, in a certain sense, competition is one of the motive forces of the development of the society.We often find competition and cooperation at the same time.Think of a football game.During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates.Otherwise, they would lose the game however skilled every individual player might be.While advocating competition, we must not forget cooperation.In modern society, cooperation is especially necessary because except for a few craftsmen and artists, most work is fulfilled with and through other people.In many cases, we can not achieve anything if there are only competition and no cooperation.EX 2Competition and cooperation竞争与合作Cooperation and competition are both important.They are attributes(归因于,属性)which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life.Learn to be cooperative.No one likes a selfish, greedy, or arrogant(自大的)individual.However, everyone likes a considerate(体谅的)and cooperative person.Everything we do today, whether in doing business or making friends, depend upon our ability to get along with one another.In our society, most tasks demand thecooperation of many individuals so that they can be accomplished effectively.In this situation, we must be supportive(支援的)and cooperative.Each person is like a small part of a machine.If only one part is out of order, the machine can’t be running well.Besides, transportation and communication systems are rapidly developing and people all over the world can get in touch with each other more easily.It is hard for a person who is isolated(孤立的)from the society to have a deep understanding of the world he lives and to accomplish(实现)a feat(功绩)in his career.Cooperation is becoming more and more important for a person to earn a good life.Being competitive also has a place in life.If you want to achieve more success and be better than others, you must work harder, study more diligently(勤奋地), and adapt yourself to competition.The desire to succeed and do better than othersinspires(激励)us to work harder.If there were no competition, a sports meet would never be exciting and successful, and we would never have champions(冠军的地位).No doubt, we often find there is an inseparable(不可分离的)relationship between competition and cooperation.In a football match, either team is competing with other.But each member of the team is cooperating with his teammates.We cooperate with others to be more competitive;we compete to earn a better environment for cooperation.Thus we can make progress(前进)continuously.Only competition together with cooperation leads us to realize our goals and satisfy our needs.EX 3竞争与压力首段：四句话：现象描述+正方观点+正方理由1+正方理由2Living in an era of information and technology, individuals are confronted with a wide variety of competitions or pressures: in study, we suffer from academiccompetition;in work, we live under pressure of efficiency;in life, we strive against the ascending cost of living.Some are in favor of competition.In their eyes, without competition, it is impossible for the society as a whole to progress.Besides, in their opinion, competition will definitely promote the development of those who spare no effort to work, which otherwise would be impossible.二段：三句话：反方观点+反方理由1(危害)+反方理由1(危害)Rewarding as it is, others hold an opposite perspective.First, what makes many experts worried is that too many competitions may harm people’s physical and mental fitness.Second, to some extent, their opinion derives from the fact that competition between friends or colleagues may impair the friendship or team spirit.尾段：三句话：我的看法+理由+展望未来As a college student, I am firmly convinced that it is necessary to have some competition.In spite of the disadvantages, we do need competition to enhance our working and studying efficiency.Only by means of proper competition can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which every one spare no effort to their work and study.EX 4How Should College Students Relieve Pressure?Today’s college students face many pressures, mainly from parents’ expectation, study, economy, employment and all kinds of competition.[1]Although pressure to some extent can provide motivation, overdue pressure has a serious negative effect.Pressure can destroy a student’s confidence.[2]More seriously, it might make some students lose control of their emotions and behaviors.[3]Considering the great damage of overdue pressure, college students should learn to how to relieve pressure.[2]First, we should have a right evaluation of ourselves[4]so as to [5]make use of advantages and avoid disadvantages.[2]Second, we should[6]set a clear aim of a struggle.The aim can give us motivation, and make us become active.[2]Third, [7]attending collective activities is an effective way to relieve pressure.[2]Finally, if you find pressure is nearly [8]beyond your control, you’d better turn to professional psychological guidance.From :.[2]As to me, my pressure is mainly from future employment.[4]In order to reduceit, I asked my parents help me analyse my advantages and disadvantages, and produce a more practical job objection.[2]So my employment pressure was relieved greatly.Now I become confident in my future, and I [9]do believe I can get an ideal job after my graduation.EX 5Competition is inevitable;it’s human petition builds character;it strengthens our petition is regarded as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest people regardless of their social petition is required to help us reach our fullest potential.(Natural selection and survival of the fittest.)Cooperation offers us a break from the pressure and stress of competition.A win-win approach tends to fosters exploration of the root causes of the conflict and leads to constructive, sustainable solutions with positive expectation for future encounters.Cooperative groups display more coordinated efforts, more division of labor, more acceptance of other ideas, and fewer communication difficulties than competitive groups.Two heads are better than one.Cooperation is marvelously successful at helping children to communicate effectively, to trust in others and to accept those who are different from themselves4．面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges5．人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6．社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7．引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8．不可否认 It is undeniable t hat…/ There is no denying that…9．热烈的讨论/ 争论arouse /lead to /cause a heated discussion/ debate10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue11．完全不同的观点there is/I have a totally different argument12．一些人…而另外一些人Some people… while others…13.就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,/as for me,15．有充分的理由支持 the view/opinion be supported by sound reasons16．双方的论点 there be arguments on both sides17．发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role/part in…18．对…必不可少be indispensable /necessary to …19．正如谚语所说 As the proverb /old saying goes:20．…也不例外 be no exception21．对…产生有利/不利的影响exert /have positive/ negative effects on…22．利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23．导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24．复杂的社会现象 it is a complicated social phenomenon 25．责任感/ 成就感we must have sense of responsibility/sense of achievement26.竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation27.开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision28．学习知识和技能 acquire enough knowledge and skills29．经济/心理负担add /increase /decrease financial burden / psychological burden30．考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31.从另一个角度from another perspective,32．做出共同努力make/need joint efforts33.对…有益be beneficial / conducive/good to…34．为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society35．打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…36．综合素质 improve our comprehensive quality37．无可非议it is blameless / beyond reproach that …39．致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…40.应当承认 Admittedly,41．不可推卸的义务…..be unshakable duty42.满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of…43．可靠的信息源there is a reliable source of information that…44．宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources46．方便快捷 convenient and efficient47．在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life48．环保的environmental protection / environmentally ,49．社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress50．科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51．对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towardsthis issue52．支持前/后种观点的人people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion53．有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54．在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way55.理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice56.…必然趋势an irresistible trend of…57．日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition58．眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest59．长远利益 interest in the long run60．…有其自身的优缺点has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages61．扬长避短Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62．取其精髓，去其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.63．对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to 64．交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65．跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast（adv.赶上。
华东师范大学研究生英语综合班期末考试翻译C
Unit 17:<Clearing customs>了解传统I‟m the overseas representative for a firm which manufactures cosmetics and perfumes. I‟m going to France and Spain to see if I can introduce my company‟s products into these markets. Do you have any advice for businessmen and women visiting these countries?我是一家化妆品和香水公司的海外代表。
我要去法国和西班牙，看看我是否能把我公司的产品引入这些市场。
你对商人和妇女访问这些国家有什么建议呢？My husband‟s firm has suggested that I accompany him on a tour of Korea, China and Japan next autumn. I‟m told that wives are not usually invited to take part in the many social activities which a business trip like this usually involves. Is this true? I don‟t want to spend my time sitting in a hotel room. And if I do go, what advice do you have about protocol for both me and my husband.我丈夫的公司已经建议我陪他于明年秋季去韩国，中国和日本旅行。
我被告知，类似这样的商务旅行所包含的种种社交活动一般是不邀请家眷的。
研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案
(仅供参考)第一课1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Y et English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and W elsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.1. 因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。
这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。
s2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism [a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism]. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberately) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some (about) three centuries ago as (when) economic and colonial expansion.2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。
研究生基础综合英语翻译和分析题答案
作文翻译Unit 1李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。
老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。
老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。
李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。
Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him.He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake.Unit 2我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。
研究生综合英语(翻译+答案)
Unit One An Image or a MirageV.TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。
他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。
这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。
就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。
我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。
再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。
然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。
我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。
这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。
不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。
他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。
B.If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “Y ou are what you think you are. ” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others.No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, theimage you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation.Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’ re a winnerin order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved.Unit Two Is Love An Art?V.TranslationA.学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。
研究生综合英语英译汉翻译
Unit 1: Traits of The Key Players1.This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor’s companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change.这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
2.We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people.我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。
3.If it looks like they have these same traits, we’ll place a bet on them.假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。
”只是这样有点儿冒险。
4.Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk.作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险。
5.It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry.它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。
6.The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out.企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了7.Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations—and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls.更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人—还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。
研究生英语综合教程(上)课后部分翻译答案详解
研究生（英语）课后部分翻译答案1. “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。
这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。
“Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,”says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting ‘there’faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where ‘there’is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”（第一章P29 第一段）2. 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。
很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。
华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题
华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Instructions:1. This test is divided into three sections: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, and writing.2. Total test time: 3 hours.3. All answers must be written in English.Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:Technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, altering the way we live, work, and communicate. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant attention and is being integrated into various aspects of our daily lives. Some view AI as a breakthrough technology that has the potential to enhanceefficiency and productivity, while others express concerns about its impact on jobs and personal privacy.Questions:1. What is the main focus of the passage?2. What are the two contrasting views on AI mentioned in the passage?3. How is AI described in terms of its potential impact on society?Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio clips and answer the questions that follow.Clip 1: A news report on the latest technological innovations.Questions:1. What new technology is mentioned in the report?2. How is this technology expected to benefit society?Clip 2: An interview with a renowned AI researcher.Questions:1. What are the key challenges faced by researchers in the field of AI?2. How do you see AI evolving in the future?WritingIn 300-500 words, discuss your perspective on the role of artificial intelligence in today's society. Consider both the benefits and challenges associated with the widespread adoption of AI technologies. Provide examples to support your argument.Good luck!篇2华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Read the passages and answer the questions that follow. For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices.Passage 1The Rise of the Gig EconomyIn recent years, the gig economy has been on the rise, transforming the way people work. With the rise of digital platforms like Uber, Airbnb, and TaskRabbit, more and more people are choosing to work as freelancers and independent contractors instead of traditional full-time employment.This shift in the labor market has both positive and negative effects. On one hand, it provides flexibility and autonomy for workers to choose when and where they work. It also creates opportunities for people to earn extra income outside of their regular jobs. On the other hand, it can lead to job insecurity, lack of benefits, and uncertainty about future income.Despite the challenges, the gig economy is here to stay. As technology continues to advance and more people seek flexible work arrangements, the gig economy will only continue to grow in the coming years.1. What is the gig economy?A. Traditional full-time employmentB. Freelance and independent workC. Digital platforms like Uber and AirbnbD. Job insecurity and lack of benefits2. What are some of the positive effects of the gig economy?A. Job insecurity and lack of benefitsB. Flexibility and autonomy for workersC. Uncertainty about future incomeD. Traditional full-time employment3. Why will the gig economy continue to grow in the coming years?A. Technology advancementB. Lack of benefitsC. Job insecurityD. Traditional full-time employmentPassage 2The Benefits of ExerciseRegular exercise has numerous benefits for both the body and mind. Not only does it help you stay physically fit and healthy, but it also has positive effects on your mentalwell-being.On a physical level, exercise can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. It can also improve your cardiovascular health, strengthen your muscles and bones, and increase your overall energy levels.But the benefits of exercise go beyond just physical health. Research has shown that regular exercise can also have a positive impact on mental health. It can help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, improve cognitive function, and boost your mood.In conclusion, making exercise a regular part of your routine can have a lasting impact on your overall health and well-being.4. What are some of the benefits of exercise on a physical level?A. Increase symptoms of depression and anxietyB. Reduce the risk of chronic diseasesC. Improve cognitive functionD. Decrease overall energy levels5. How can exercise benefit mental health?A. Increase symptoms of depression and anxietyB. Boost your moodC. Strengthen your muscles and bonesD. Reduce the risk of chronic diseases6. What is the conclusion regarding the benefits of exercise?A. Exercise has no impact on overall health and well-beingB. Exercise can have positive effects on both physical and mental healthC. Exercise can only improve cognitive functionD. Regular exercise is not important for maintaining good healthPart II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are twenty incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.7. I have never seen such a beautiful sunset before, ______ this one over the ocean.A. asB. likeD. except8. ______ the rain, the game will still go on as planned.A. WhetherB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. Since9. The new manager has made some significant changes in the company, ______ morale has improved.A. whateverB. whichC. thatD. whose10. ______ I have known her for years, I still don't know her very well.A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. SincePart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1The Rise of Remote WorkRemote work has become increasingly popular in recent years, with more and more companies allowing employees to work from home or other locations outside of the office. This shift has been driven by advances in technology, as well as the desire for more flexible work arrangements.11. What has driven the rise of remote work?A. Advances in technologyB. Lack of desire for flexible work arrangementsC. More companies requiring employees to work from homeD. None of the above12. Why have more companies allowed employees to work remotely?A. To increase employee productivityB. To save on office space and overhead costsC. To give employees more flexibility in their work arrangementsD. To force employees to work longer hours13. What are some of the benefits of remote work?A. More employee surveillanceB. Increased face-to-face interactionsC. Greater flexibility for employeesD. More rigid work schedulesPassage 4The Importance of Work-Life BalanceMaintaining a healthy work-life balance is essential for overall well-being. It is important to take breaks and disconnect from work in order to recharge and prevent burnout. Finding time for leisure activities, hobbies, and spending time with loved ones is equally important.16. Why is maintaining a healthy work-life balance important?A. To prevent burnoutB. To work longer hoursC. To increase stress levelsD. To avoid leisure activities17. How can taking breaks and disconnecting from work benefit you?A. Decrease energy levelsB. Increase stress levelsC. Recharge and prevent burnoutD. None of the above18. What should be included in a healthy work-life balance?A. Working longer hoursB. Neglecting leisure activities and hobbiesC. Spending time with loved onesD. None of the aboveConclusion:The gig economy, the benefits of exercise, remote work, and work-life balance are all important topics in today's society. It's crucial for individuals to understand these concepts and howthey can impact their lives both professionally and personally. By staying informed and making conscious choices about how we work and live, we can create a more fulfilling and balanced life for ourselves. Good luck on your exam!篇3华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Part A: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Computers are an indispensable part of our contemporary world. Their generality, versatility and performance have made them an important tool in everyday life. While computers offer many benefits, their rapid development has also brought about new challenges to society.1. According to the passage, computers have become an important tool for what reason?A. Their generality and versatility.B. Their rapid development.C. Their performance.D. None of the above.2. What has computers' rapid development brought about, according to the passage?A. Challenges to society.B. Benefits to society.C. More jobs for people.D. Better communication among people.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of computers in our contemporary world.B. The challenges brought about by the rapid development of computers.C. The benefits of computers in everyday life.D. The generality and versatility of computers.4. What word can best describe computers, according to the passage?A. Indispensable.B. Limiting.C. Optional.D. Outdated.5. What is the author's tone in the passage?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent....Part B: Writing (60 points)Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of about 500 words on the following topic. You should first draft your essay, and then proofread it. Your essay should bewell-organized, and your ideas should be clearly stated. Youshould avoid repetition, and use proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary.Topic: Discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on society.In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements and has started to permeate various aspects of our lives. Some argue that AI has the potential to revolutionize society, while others fear the consequences of its rapid development. In your essay, discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on society. Consider both the positive and negative aspects of this technology and provide examples to support your arguments.Overall, the final exam for the graduate students at Huazhong Normal University covers a range of topics related to English language proficiency and critical thinking skills. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of the material and their ability to analyze and synthesize information effectively. This exam serves as a comprehensive assessment of their academic progress and readiness for future challenges in their academic and professional careers.。
（完整word版）研究生英语综合教程（上）期末考重点句子翻译
（完整word版）研究生英语综合教程（上）期末考重点句子翻译1. This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor’s companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. (Para. 2)这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
2.Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other young stars. (Para. 5)许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力，因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其它年青的优秀人才更出色。
3.Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations----and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls. (Para5 更为有利的是，要在你的实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人之间，培养一个良好的声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证，让那些会接听调查的电话人们谈及这些品质。
华中师范大学研究生期末英语考试对话
1. What factors can lead to happiness? Do you think biological and physiological bases underlie happiness?D：Hi Xiao ming ,Can you talk about what factors can lead to happiness to most people?F：Happiness means different things to different people. For example, some people believe that if they have lots of money, they will be happy.They believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness。
D：Yes you are right .and there are some other people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way, you have not only money, but also many other things which can＇t be bought by money. F：I think there is nothing wrong with people who want to get money and high position if they get them through their hard work .D：Yes you are right. But the problem is that some people get money and position through illegal channels.For example ,some businessmen even sell drainage oil.What can make you happy ?F：I believe that having lots of money is not happiness nor is holding a high position in the government. For me, happiness is closely tied to my studies, my work and my family.D：Yes ,When I made great progress in my studies, when I made contributions to the society through my work, when all the members in my family live in harmony, sharing good and sad times, I am happy.F：Although the definition of happiness depends on each individual We should have our own standards of happiness.2、Talk about Chinese and Western traditions and trends of love and marriage.D：Hi Xiao ming Have you watched the video on the internet about Chinese and Western traditions and trends of love and marriage ?The video producer is a very famous professor of a university.X：Yes I watch it. The video is very wonderful。
华东师范大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研经验,考研信息汇总
华东师范大学翻译硕士研究生入学考试试题考试时间：180分钟命题时间：2015年11月25日试卷分值：150分考试科目：357英语翻译基础一、短语汉译英（15分）1.中国经济正经历深刻的方式转变和结构调整2.深化改革开放共建美好亚太3.大道至简，有权不可任性4.立德树人5.发展和规范网络空间二、句子英译汉（15分）6.to take aforeign stance at odds with America7some of theevil of my tale may have been inherited in our environment.8hiringpeople,get them on board and effective in works三、段落汉译英（60分）收旧货的人，带一副眼镜，穿得也很干净，看起来像个知识分子。
大家这么说的时候，他总是笑笑，说我哪里是知识分子，小学毕业了，初中只念了半年。
他脾气温和，举止文雅，他会将收来的旧货更多详情可以咨询育明教育孙老师四、段落汉译英（60分）450字左右选自Artifact A:the Oracle BoneFrom Beijing to Anyang—from the moderncapital to the cradle of the ancient Chinese civilization,it took6hours bytrain.Sitting by the window,there are moments when numbness sets in.Thescenery is pattered like wallpaper:peasant,field,road,village; peasant,field,road,village.The view of repetition is not new.In1980s。
育明教育考博分校针对中国人民大学翻译硕士专业考研开设的辅导课程有：专业课一对一·全程集训营·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
华东师范大学研究生英语综合班期末考试翻译-Down and Out in Paris and London
Unit 2 Down and Out in Paris and London巴黎、伦敦落魄记You discover the extreme precariousness of your six francs a day. Mean disasters happen and rob you of food. You have spent your last eighty centimes on half a litre of milk, and are boiling it over the spirit lamp. While it boils a bug runs down your forearm; you give the bug a flick with your nail, and it falls, plop! straight into the milk. There is nothing for it but to throw the milk away and go foodless.你发现每天的六法郎根本没有保障。
一些意想不到的灾难就会掠夺你的一日三餐。
你花最后的八十生丁买了半升牛奶，然后在酒精灯上把它煮沸。
煮牛奶时，一只臭虫跳到你的前臂上；你用指甲弹开臭虫，扑通一声，它掉进了牛奶。
你无可奈何，只好把牛奶倒了，这样又得继续饿着肚子。
You go to the baker’s to buy a pound of bread, and you wait while the girl cuts a pound for another customer. She is clumsy, and cuts more than a pound. “Pardon, monsieur,” she says, “I suppose you don’t mind paying two sous extra?” Bread is a franc a pound, and you have exactly a franc. When you think that you might be asked to pay two sous extra, and would have to confess that you could not, you bolt in panic. It is hours before you dare venture into a baker’s shop again.你去面包房买了一磅面包，面包房里的姑娘为另外一个顾客切面包时，你在一旁等着。
[考研类试卷]2013年华东师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2013年华东师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷汉译英1 文化体制改革2 民族凝聚力3 “文化兴国”战略4 做大做强新闻传媒产业5 加强诚信建设6 社会事业7 发挥各地特色和优势8 扎实推进教育公平9 外资企业法10 高等教育法11 商标法12 一次性生活补贴13 聘任14 基层锻炼15 计算机软件保护条例英译汉16 Rights of the Copyright Owner1. Rights of reproduction, distribution, and display. The author of a work possesses, at the beginning, a bundle of rights that collectively make up copyright. They belong originally to the author, who can sell, rent, give away, will, or transfer them in some other way, individually or as a package, to whomever the author wishes. When a work is to be published, the author normally transfers some or all of these rights to the publisher, by formal agreement. Two of these rights are basic from the publisher's point of view: the right to make copies of the work(traditionally by printing and now often by digital reproduction)and the right to distribute such copies to the public—in sum, to publish the work. In the case of online publishing, reproduction and distribution blend into the act of transmitting the work on demand to the reader's computer. A third right—the right of public display—applies to online exploitation of works. A work is publicly displayed when made viewable online; if the user downloads or prints out the material concerned, a distribution of a copy also occurs.2. Derivative work and performance rights. A fourth and very important right is the right to make what the law terms derivative works—that is, works based on or derived from the original work, such as translations, abridgments, dramatizations, or other adaptations.A revised edition of a published work is generally noticeably different enough from the prior edition to qualify as a derivative work with a separate copyright. The fifth basic copyright right, the right of public performance, has only limited relevance for literary works as such; it applies, for example, when a poet gives a public reading of a poem. However, it has great significance for other works, such as motion pictures, that may spring from literary works.汉译英17 40年前，联合国在这里召开了首次人类环境会议，发表了具有划时代意义的历史性文献《人类环境宣言》，形成了人类环境行动计划，提出了一个响遍世界的口号：只有一个地球!那次会议标志着人类对环境问题的普遍觉醒，开启了可持续发展的新纪元。
研究生公共英语阅读C课后翻译
Unit 1Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Science is also called natural science to distinguish it from other branches of learning. Science is concerned with nature, that is, with knowledge of the characteristics and operations of any and all natural things and happenings. Science embraces all of nature, and expresses our best ideas of how natural phenomena are related to each other and are to be formed into what is called the universe.Science has many characteristics, and to understand what science is requires a detailed examination of these properties and peculiarities. A number of writers have asserted that science is really only a method—the scientific method. Such a definition is an over simplification, but it is certain that the scientific method plays a very important role in determining the nature of scientific knowledge.My bag is like a ball.What is your bag like?Unit 3Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim is hardly believable. It is almost impossible not to read advertisements these days. Just think what fun they often provide! Imagine what a bus and railway station would be like without advertisements? Would you enjoy gazin g helplessly at a blank wall while waiting for a bus or train? Would you like to read a daily paper closely-printed with columns of news?A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or newspaper. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, radio or television stations could not subsist without this source of revenue .The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many programs on air is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustn't forget is the "small ads” which are in virtually every newspaper. What a tremendously useful service they perform for thecommunity! Just about everything can be accomplished through these columns, for instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death. It’s the advertisement amon g the advertisements.Unit 4Few great names in music spell as much magic to the average concert-goers as that of Tschaikovsky. In almost every musical form will be found a work of his ranking high in popularity. And quite deservedly so. Tschaikovsky's music is filled with a warm humanity and stirring drama. The themes and feelings are easy to grasp. The personal, intimate note is so strong in this music that we find it natural, while listening to the Pathetic Symphony or the Nutcracker Ballet Suite, for example, to share Tschaikovsky's joys and sorrows. His music seems to take us into his confidence and show us the secret places of his heart. Although Tschaikovsky's range of moods is wide----from the whimsical play of light fantasy to stormy outcries of anguish ---- essentially he was a melancholy man, in his music as in his life. Perhaps it is the genuineness of his music in conveying strong emotions and suffering that has draw n millions to his symphonies and concertos. A frank sincerity and warm-heartedness flow from his music. The best of his melodies linger hauntingly, in the mind and heart. As long as sincere feeling expressed in sincere artistic form can move the hearts of men, Tschaikovsky's music will continue to hold a high place in the concert hall and opera house.Only Beethoven and Mozart can rival Tschaikovsky in the number of compositions in various musical forms that stands out as repertory favorites. Tschaikovsky's violin concerto is as much a“request”item as Beethoven’s．The Pathetic Symphony ranks with the three or four enduring favorites of the repertory．Tschaikovsky's Nutcracker ballet is probably the most popular suite of its kind in music．Unit 5For anthropologists, culture includes much more than refinement, taste, sophistication, education, and appreciation of the fine arts. Not only college graduates but all people are cultured. The most interesting and significant forces are those which affect people every day of their lives, particularly those which influence children during enculturation.Culture, as defined anthropologically, encompasses features that are sometimes regarded as trivial or unworthy of serious study, such as "popular " culture. To understand contemporary American culture, we must consider television, fast-food restaurants, sports, and games. As a cultural manifestation, a rock star may be as interesting as a symphony conductor, a comic book as significant as a book-award winner.All human populations have culture, which is therefore a generalized possession of the genus homo. This is Culture (capital C) in the general sense, a capacity and possession shared by hominids. However, anthropologists also should use the word culture to describe the different and varied cultural traditions of specific societies. This is culture in the specific sense (small c).Humanity shares a capacity for culture, but people live in particular cultures, where they are enculturated along different lines. All people grow up in the presence of a particular set of cultural rules transmitted over the generations. These are the specific cultures or cultural traditions that anthropologists study. Unit 7We live in a materialistic society and are nurtured from our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions --"mine" and "yours" -- are clearly labeled from earlychildhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. However, it is not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of the industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means: goods are made to be discarded. -You no sooner acquire this year's model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere, for example, to a bigger wage packet. The demand for hi-tech personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and "fringe benefits" are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the "brain drain", the phenomena in which highly skilled people offer their service to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.Unit 11We all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means "tradition" and red means "social change". But blue can also mean sadness, and white is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding. In western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors and often do that according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and pure, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty).Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism; day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity. In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were huntingand attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.Unit 13It is all very well for the political theorists in their armchair to argue that an individual must struggle for what he or she believes in. but who is actually going to suffer most in the struggle? It is rarely the theorists themselves. Such an important factor as this cannot be ignored in the argument.In the current world it has perhaps become increasingly futile to use force to settle a dispute, although there have been continuous international conflicts since World War II. On the other hand, it is as apparent today as it ever was that any individual or group of people with ideas or notions which they advocate enthusiastically may defend them, even to the point where armed force is applied.In those states which have a long-established tradition of settling dispute by constitutional or legal means, the individual has no need to resort to aggression to defend his or her beliefs, or to convince others of their validity. The battles can be fought in courtrooms, unbearable as the delays might often be. In general, in all states where there is human justice, any individual with a fundamental grievance against another individual, an institution, a law, or even the state itself, has a fair chance of put ting it right, if he or she has patience and a deep enough belief.If, however, we interpret the expression “one must fight for what one believes in” to mean “using armed force”, or “taking the law into one’s hands”, irrespective of circumstances, then there is evidently more damage than gain in conflicts which require the use of the increasingly lethal weaponry of our times.In many cases the grievances of the ordinary individual, or groups of people, may be exploited for the political, religious, economic, or imperialistic aims of a manipulating power group. In various so-called “popular movements”, ordinary, peace-loving people may be encouraged by a political dictator or by unscrupulous agitators to take part in lawless acts. In this case, ordinary people who were encouraged to overthrow what they were persuaded to believe was an oppressive regime will not necessarily enjoy more civil liberties under a new extremist rule. Thus the struggle was futile.Unit 14"We live in a day," said professor Whitehead, "when civilization is shifting its basic outlook; a major turning point in history where the pre-suppositions on which society is structured are being analyzed, sharply challenged, and profoundly changed."However, too many people fail to remain awake through great periods of social change. So our very survival depends on our ability to stay awake, to adjust to new ideas, to remain vigilant and to face the challenge of change. We must work passionately and indefatigably to bridge the gulf between our scientific progress and our moral progress. One of the great problems of mankind is that we sufferfrom a poverty of the spirit which stands in glaring contrast to our scientific and technological abundance.The richer we have become materially, the poorer we have become morally and spiritually. Every man lives in two realms, the internal and the external. The internal is that realm of spiritual ends expressed in art, literature, morals and religion. The external is that complex of devices, techniques, mechanisms and instrumentalities by means of which we live. Our problem today is that we allowed the internal to become lost in the external. We have allowed the means by which we live to outdistance the ends for which we live. This is the serious predicament, the deep and haunting problem, confronting modern man.IV. TranslationSocial morality is illusive and difficult to define. According to the theory of the proponents of moral relativism, right and wrong, good and bad, justice and injustice are relative values which are not subject to objective or consistent definition, They assert that moral values are determined by the society or culture within which the individual is socialized, and that the prevailing social norms will determine what a person believes and how he behaves toward his fellowman.Social morality depends upon man's capacity to give and to receive love, to be kind and to be empathic. Kindness may be viewed as the generalized expression off love, concern and sensitivity in interpersonal relations. A kind person seeks to be helpful. Empathy is the ability to feel into and to identify with the needs of another human being. An empathic person shares another's concerns, joys, anguish, despair, frustrations, hopes and aspirations as if they are his own. Empathy, unlike love, is not concrete and primary but rather requires the capacity for abstract thought. Empathy is not possible for an egocentric or animalistic human organism. Without empathy, social morality, social responsibility, justice, and human society itself would not be possible. A person should value critical and independent thought above subjection to authority; value individuality and creativity above conformity and packaged opinions; value evidence of concern, commitment and social sensitivity above personal acceptance and mere social success.。
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Unit 17:<Clearing customs>了解传统I‟m the overseas representative for a firm which manufactures cosmetics and perfumes. I‟m going to France and Spain to see if I can introduce my company‟s products into these markets. Do you have any advice for businessmen and women visiting these countries?我是一家化妆品和香水公司的海外代表。
我要去法国和西班牙，看看我是否能把我公司的产品引入这些市场。
你对商人和妇女访问这些国家有什么建议呢？My husband‟s firm has suggested that I accompany him on a tour of Korea, China and Japan next autumn. I‟m told that wives are not usually invited to take part in the many social activities which a business trip like this usually involves. Is this true? I don‟t want to spend my time sitting in a hotel room. And if I do go, what advice do you have about protocol for both me and my husband.我丈夫的公司已经建议我陪他于明年秋季去韩国，中国和日本旅行。
我被告知，类似这样的商务旅行所包含的种种社交活动一般是不邀请家眷的。
这是真的吗？我不想整日都坐在酒店房间。
但是如果我去了，你有什么对我和我丈夫在礼节上的建议。
I‟ve heard that the formalities involved in business dealings in the Middle East are rather complex. Can you give me any tips as I‟m off to the Gulf States on a business trip next month?我听说在中东地区商务交往礼节相当复杂。
我下个月要去海湾国家进行商务旅行，你可以给我一些建议吗？Gestures aren‟t the only area in which the unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to different business customs and protocol. For example: 粗心的旅客会触犯文化禁忌，并且不止是在手势上。
外国文化遵循不同的商业习惯和礼节。
例如：●Caffeine junkies should restrain themselves in the Middle East. “three cups of teaor coffee is usually the polite limit in offices and during social calls.” counsels …Travel Pak,‟ a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. “But if your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you‟ve had your fill, give your empty cup a quick twist---a sort of wiggle---as you hand it back. That means, ‟No more, thank you.‟”咖啡因成瘾者在中东地区要约束自己。
“三杯茶或咖啡通常是在办公室和社交拜访活动时的有礼貌的限度，”这是约旦皇家航空公司阿里雅的一本免费刊物《巴基斯坦之行》的建议。
“但是如果主人仍然在喝，你可以继续小口喝一会。
如果你己喝好，请在你归还杯子时，将空杯迅速转动一下。
”这意味着，“我不要了，谢谢你。
”●Middle East visitors also should not be surprised “ if others barge right into theoffice in the middle of your conversation with the person you are seeing,” notes “Travel Pak.” An old Arab custom calls for keeping an “open office.”《巴基斯坦之行》提醒到：旅客在中东也应不会奇怪“如果你正与他人会晤磋商时，突然有人闯入办公室”。
一条阿拉伯传统习俗要求人们“开门办公”。
●The British, however, consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after allbusiness has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitive to this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure.但是，英国人认为，即使在所有业务交易完后，打搅客人也是不礼貌的。
商务到访者被期望能谨慎对待这一点，明白什么时候停止，并开始他或她的离程。
●Spanish businesspeople “connect” with tangibles, advises Karen Weiner Escalera,president of a New York City public-relations company. She notes that samples of products or services should be offered whenever possible. And, she points out, in Spain “offices and retail establishments generally close from 1:00 p.m. to as late as 4:30 p.m.” Her husband, Alfonso Escalera, U.S. representative for the Spanish Line shipping company, adds that black shoes, not brown, are considered proper for business occasions. The Spanish historically have favored black and ultradark colors.一个纽约市公关公司的总裁卡伦维纳埃斯卡利拉建议，西班牙商人习惯眼见为实。
她指出，一有机会就应尽可能提供产品或服务的样品。
同时，她指出，在西班牙的办公室和零售机构一般从下午一点关门直至下午四点半。
她的丈夫，西班牙航线航运公司美方代表阿方索埃斯卡利拉补充说，在商务场合应穿黑色而非棕色皮鞋。
史上西班牙一直比较青睐黑色和深色。
●Good office manners in Indonesia require the visitor to present a business cardimmediately. If no card is offered, long delays may result. The mark of a thoughtful executive is to have one side in English and the other in Bahasa. In Japan a visitor should be prepared to distribute as many as 40business cards a day.Protocol in France calls for listing academic credentials on one‟s calling cards.在印度尼西亚，良好的办公方式是要求旅客能及时出示一张商务名片。
如果没有名片提供，可能会耽误进程。
一个考虑周到的主管的标志是名片一面用英语另一面用马来语。
在日本，一位旅客一天可能要准备分发40张商务名片。
法国的礼节要求要在名片上列出学历证书。
●In Japan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave early. Theyshould be allowed to leave without effusive good-bys. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remaining guests.在日本，一些客人会在晚间的商务聚会上提前离开。
他们被允许可以不热情地说再见离席。
日本人认为在那种场合下，正式离席会破坏气氛，并且会打扰到尚在的客人。
●In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed their clothesand join their hosts in a sauna. The invitation is a sign that a good working relationship has been established.在斯堪的那维亚和芬兰，商务旅客会被要求脱掉衣服，和其它客人一起洗桑拿。
这个要请是己建立起良好的工作关系的迹象。
●In Denmark a visitor who is invited to a business associate‟s home should takeflowers or some unusual delicacy.在丹麦，被邀请去商业伙伴家坐客的人应带上花和一些不寻常的美味。