《英语修辞学》第七章
英语修辞学1-4Ex答案gg
《英语修辞学》第一章----第四章练习答案Tell what figures of speech each sentence contains.1. You might as well expect a leopard to change its spots as expect him to give up smoking.(simile)2. I stayed on Hong Kong island and found myself in a different world, where surprising quiet and the green smell of lush foliage is just steps away from the business district.(Jane Wooldridge: Hong Kong) (synaesthesia)3. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. (kate Chopin: The Dream of an Hour) (synaesthesia)4. How all my own territory would be altered, as if a landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike. (simile)(I had never realized until Mike’s leaving) How much my own life would be affected, as if it had been destroyed by a landslide, which took away everything I used to enjoy, leaving behind only the pain from missing Mike.我的世界里，就像发生了天崩地裂，除了迈克的离去，其余所有的记忆都被冲走了。
英语修辞学
《英语修辞学》教学大纲修订单位: 韩山师范学院外语系执笔人: 张若兰一. 课程基本信息1. 课程中文名称：英语修辞学2. 课程英文名称：English Rhetoric3. 课程类别：任选4. 适应专业：英语（师范类）本科5. 总学时：366. 总学分：2二．本课程在教学计划中的地位、作用和任务《英语修辞学》是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业任意选修课。
该课程通过系统的讲授，使学生掌握英语修辞的基本原理及其应用，从而达到写作时语言更加贴切，意义更加清晰，表达更加生动；阅读时更加准确地理解作者的写作意图、文体风格和写作技巧，从本质上了解英语，掌握英语，提高阅读能力、写作能力和文学欣赏水平和语言修养。
三．教学内容与教学基本要求教学内容:Chapter One：Syntactic Devices (句法辞格) (6课时)本章内容包括：1．长句和短句(Long and short sentences)；2．简单句(The simple sentence)；3．复合句(The compound sentence)；4．分枝句(Branching sentences)；5．主动和被动句(The active and the passive voiced sentences)；6．平衡句(Syntactic schemes of balance)----排比句(parallelism)；对偶句(antithesis)；逆转反复句(chiasmus)；7．倒装句(Syntactic scheme of inversion)----省略句(ellipsis)；局部省略句(fragmentary elliptical sentence)；连词省略/散珠(asyndeton)；跳脱(aposiopesis)；8．添加句（Syntactic scheme of addition or insertion）----连词叠用(polysyndeton)；修正法/换语(epanorthosis)；注释法(exegesis)；扩充法(exergasia) ；并列法(apposition) ；插入法(parenthesis)；9．反复句(Syntactic scheme of repetition)---二项式(binomials)；三项式(trinomials)；多项式(catalogues)；首语重复(syntactic anaphora)；尾语重复(syntactic epiphorea)；首尾语重复(syntactic framing)；10．层进与突降(Syntactic scheme of climax and anticlimax)----(climax)；(anticlimax or bathos)11．修辞问句(Rhetoric question)；12．顿呼(Apostrophe)。
《英语修辞学》第七章
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例如：The Relentless Pursuit of Perfection. (Lexus automobile) 译文：追求完美，近乎苛求；凌志轿车，永不停歇！ 这是Lexus牌汽车广告，其基本含义为“近乎苛求地追求完美”。这则广
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(3) Advantages:
As a figure of speech, it is good for sound rhyme, musical effect and significant emphasis. For example,
1) The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that eห้องสมุดไป่ตู้er burst Into that silent sea.
(2) A good knowledge of some English phonetic figures of speech is helpful not only to students of EFL as writers, but also as readers of English articles. (3) The basic features of English sounds: English sounds are classified phonetically into vowels and consonants, and the pronunciation of words is done by combinations of vowels and consonants. The vowels and consonants not only have phonetic qualities, but also have some sensory qualities, which suggest certain impressions.
现代英语修辞学
普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材现代英语修辞学Moder n English Rhetor ic胡曙中编著上海外语教育出版社图书在版编目(CIP)数据现代英语修辞学/胡曙中编著.—上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004ISBN7-81095-185-8Ⅰ.现…Ⅱ.胡…Ⅲ.英语修辞教材Ⅳ.H315中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2004)第014498号早在1982年,我的导师杨小石先生有意要编一本适合我国英语专业使用的英语修辞学教材,为此,他邀请了包括我在内的三位教师一起参加编写,我们商定了编写大纲,也作了具体的分工。
我当时只有35岁,对编写这么一本教材的困难程度并不清楚,但却凭着一股劲,居然勉强地完成了自己那一部分,但是由于他们未能完成自己的部分,我的那一部分最后也就不了了之了。
从那时到现在,时间过去了20多年。
在这20多年中,我读了一些书,作了一些研究,从《英汉修辞比较研究》、《美国新修辞学》到《英语修辞学》,我走了过来。
坦诚地说,前面走过的路不都是一步一个脚印的,但就在这步履艰难的过程中,我逐渐知道了什么是英语修辞,知道了如何来阐释和应用英语修辞。
现在奉献给大家的这本《现代英语修辞学》,承蒙教育部和有关专家的厚爱,被确定为普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材。
我把这本书写成一本英语修辞学的入门书,是想回答许多学生提出的问题:“什么是英语修辞学?”“英语修辞学是不是就是研究英语写作?”“英语修辞学是英语专业的课程,还是语言学的课程?”我希望我的这本书能较为满意地回答这些问题。
在这儿,我想概括一下本书的各章内容和目的:第0章导论解释英语修辞的种种意义,并说明本书的目的———对英语修辞现象的描述、应用和阐释第1章影响修辞活动的要素论述信息、使用场合、受话者之间的关系,说明语气如何反映其间的关系第2章词汇的修辞描述英语选字遣词的修辞规律及其应用第3章句子的修辞描述英语连词组句的修辞规律及其应用第4章 段落的修辞 描述英语段落构成的修辞规律及其应用第5章 语篇的修辞 描述英语语篇构成的修辞规律及其应用第6章 语篇的种类 描述语篇的种类及其特点第7章 语体 描述作为修辞活动综合体的语体特征第8章 修辞手段 描述修辞布局和辞格的规律第9章 理论阐释 简述主要的英语修辞理论第10章 传统与发展 回顾英语修辞学的传统,预测其发展本书主要适合英语专业高年级学生和研究生使用。
英语修辞学(打印版)
英语修辞手法1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张）It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
(最新整理)英语修辞学(Rhetoric)
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▪ 4. 英语被动句用得多，汉语主动句用得多。这更说明了英语 的“物称倾向”。
▪ An illustration is furnished by an editorial in the Washington Post (January 17, 1962).
▪ 《华盛顿邮报》（1962年1月17日）的一篇社论提供了一个 例子。
挨户去唱五朔节赞歌，祝福主人。在一些农村，每 年5月1日凌晨，青年们便奏着音乐、唱着赞歌，结 伴去树林砍树枝，待太阳出来后返回，将树枝插在
门窗上。
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▪ What is simile? E.g. ▪ The snow was like a white
blank drawn over the field. ▪ The structure: ▪ The signified, the simile
That is our policy and that is our declaration. ▪ 这就是我们的国策。这就是我们的宣言。
▪ If winter comes, can spring be far behind? ▪ 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
▪ This is the reason why he is leaving so soon. ▪ 这就是他所以这么快就要离开的原因。
▪ To find out the common ways people know the world and ways people express themselves.
▪ To appreciate the beauty, explicit or not, of the language.
英语修辞学(Rhetoric)
Syllepsis
Syllepsis是指用一个词（如动词、形容词、介词等）同时与两个或更多的词相搭配，在越一个词搭配时用一种词义，而在与另一个词搭配时则用另一种词义,这种搭配在句法规则和语义上都是正确的，并产生不同的字面意义和比喻意义。
He lost the game and his temper. 他输了这一局，大发脾气。
半谐音也可称“无韵”，是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中同一元音重复出现，它具有音乐的节奏感，可增强语言的表现力。例如：
It’s fair and square affair from the beginning to the end. 这件事自始至终都是光明正大的。
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
Pun
双关（pun） 就是用发音相似的词来表达特殊意义的修辞手法，它非常能够体现使用者的睿智机敏、幽默俏皮，造成印象隽永的效果。它的使用场合亦庄亦谐，既常见于故事、笑话、谜语、儿歌等，又可用于正式场合，表达严肃的思想和深邃的感情。 — Why is an empty parse always the same? — Because there is never any change in it.(change既表示“零钱”，又表示“变化”。“空钱包”里边没“零钱”当然就永远瘪着，毫无“变化”了。)
2。主体和喻体一般指两个不同的事物。
本体和喻体通常一个抽象一个具体，一个熟悉一个陌生
Simile(明喻)
希腊语Metapherein (transfer )转换
无需借助比喻词，直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。 例如：
英语修辞学第二版课后答案
英语修辞学第二版课后答案1、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)2、5．Shanghais is known ________ “the Oriental Pearl”, so many foreigners come to visit Shanghai very year. [单选题] *A．forB．as (正确答案)C．withD．about3、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] *A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the4、69．Online shopping is easy, but ________ in the supermarket usually ________ a lot of time. [单选题] *A．shop; takesB．shopping; takeC．shop; takeD．shopping; takes(正确答案)5、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a6、It’s usually windy in spring, ______ you can see lots of people flying kites.（）[单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. orC. butD. for7、I usually read English _______ six o’clock _______ six thirty in the morning. [单选题] *A. from;?atB. from; to(正确答案)C. at; atD. at; to8、On Mother’s Day, Cathy made a beautiful card as a ______ for her mother. [单选题] *A. taskB. secretC. gift(正确答案)D. work9、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her10、Will you be able to finish your homework _______? [单选题] *A. by the timeB. in time(正确答案)C. once upon a timeD. out of time11、—______? —Half a kilo.（）[单选题] *A. How much are theyB. How much is itC. How much would you like(正确答案)D. How many would you like12、( ) It tells what is going on ___the county and all____the world. [单选题] *A. across; over(正确答案)B. all; acrossC. in; inD.to; for13、The work will be finished _______ this month. [单选题] *A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at the end of(正确答案)14、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /15、—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A. likeB. would lookC. would like(正确答案)D. take16、73．The moonlight goes ____ the window and makes the room bright. [单选题] *A．acrossB．through(正确答案)C．overD．in17、The notice put _______ on the wall says “No Smoking”. [单选题] *A. up(正确答案)B. offC. awayD. out18、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a19、_______ win the competition, he practiced a lot. [单选题] *A. BecauseB. In order to(正确答案)C. Thanks toD. In addition to20、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] *A. a, aB. a. theC. a, /(正确答案)D. the, a21、He often comes to work early and he is _______ late for work. [单选题] *A. usuallyB. never(正确答案)C. oftenD. sometimes22、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up23、The early Americans wanted the King to respect their rights. [单选题] *A. 统治B. 满足C. 尊重(正确答案)D. 知道24、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions25、In winter, animals have a hard time_____anything to eat. [单选题] *A.to findB.finding(正确答案)C.foundD.to finding26、It was difficult to guess what her_____to the news would be. [单选题] *A.impressionmentC.reaction(正确答案)D.opinion27、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it28、I usually do some ____ on Sundays. [单选题] *A. cleaningsB. cleaning(正确答案)C. cleansD. clean29、Nick has always been good _______ finding cheap flights. [单选题] *A. at(正确答案)B. forC. withD. to30、I don't know the man _____ you are talking about. [单选题] *A. who'sB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. which。
英语修辞学大纲(新版)
《英语修辞学》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程代码020259课程中文名称英语修辞学课程英文名称English Rhetoric课程性质专业必修学分/学时 2/36适用专业英语专业先修课程无推荐教材（参考书）《英语辞格导论》, 张金泉、周丹主编，华中科技大学出版社，2013年版二、课程简介本课程在吸收、借鉴修辞研究的新方法、新成果的基础上，比较系统的介绍了英语修辞理论及常用修辞手法，使学生掌握英语修辞学及修辞手法的基本知识，提高英语语言素养，作为英语专业高年级课程，本课程具有实践性和实用性。
三、教学目的与基本要求通过本课程，提高学生英语口、笔表达的得体性和艺术性，使之对词语的选用更加贴切、句子表义更加清晰和生动；并通过对经典修辞实例的分析和品读，使学生更准确地理解作者的写作意图、文体风格和写作技巧，从而提高阅读能力和文学欣赏水平。
四、教学进度表讲（章）次各讲标题名称讲授学时教学周安排备注第一讲绪论 2 1第二讲音韵修辞格 4 2-3第三讲语义修辞格 22 4-15 期中考试占2学时第四讲句法修辞格 4 16-17第五讲总结 2 18（注：以讲或章为单位对教学内容做出学时要求安排。
）五、考核方式和成绩评定办法1、考核方式：闭卷考；2、成绩评定办法：平时成绩（包括课堂表现、提交作业、考勤）占30%，期中考试占10%，期末考试占60%六、内容提要第一周英语修辞学概述教学目的：1）了解修辞学定义及修辞学研究的历史；2）了解修辞学学习的意义及课程设置教学重点：修辞学研究的对象及意义教学难点：修辞的定义教学方法：讲授为主，结合学生讨论教学内容：1）修辞学定义2）修辞学研究历史概述3）英语辞格介绍4）英语修辞学学习的意义5）本门课程考核方式课后思考题：英专学生学习英语修辞学的意义授课时数:2第二周音韵修辞格（头韵、元韵）教学目的：理解并掌握头韵、元韵概念与具体运用教学重点：头韵教学难点：头韵、元韵的具体运用教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合教学内容：1）头韵定义及修辞实例赏析2）元韵定义及修辞实例赏析授课时数：2第三周音韵修辞格（押韵、拟声）教学目的：理解并掌握押韵、拟声的概念与具体运用教学重点：押韵教学难点：押韵、拟声的具体运用教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合教学内容：1）押韵定义及修辞实例赏析2）拟声定义及修辞实例赏析授课时数：2第四周语义修辞格（摹色）教学目的：理解并掌握摹色的概念与具体运用教学重点：颜色词教学难点：摹色具体运用教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合教学内容：摹色定义及修辞实例赏析授课时数：2第五周语义修辞格（明喻）教学目的：1）掌握明喻的概念2）掌握明喻的几种常见形式3）了解as...as...类明喻的翻译教学重点：明喻的几种常见形式教学难点：as...as...类明喻的特征及文化内涵教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合授课时数：2第六周语义修辞格（隐喻）教学目的：1）掌握隐喻的定义2）掌握隐喻的分类3）了解延伸式隐喻的定义教学难点：隐喻的分类教学方法：教师讲授、学生讨论、课堂联系presentation相结合授课时数：2第七周语义层面的修辞格（拟人、双关）教学目的：1）掌握拟人的概念、分类、修辞效果。
大学英语修辞学第七章
wind n.
wind v.
lead v. /li:d/ lead n. /led/ •Puns of homographs are in written form, not in spoken form.
Practice
• 1) If we don’t hang together we’ll hang separately. (Benjamin Frankling) • 2) An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country. • 3) Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man. (Shakespeare) • 4) What is the difference between a soldier and a young girl? One powders the face, the other faces the powder.
7.6 Apostrophe呼告法
• Of Greek origin, meaning “turning away.” • a vocative address to an absent, or dead person, or to an inanimate object or quality as if personified and capable of understanding. E.g.: • Milton! Thou should’st be living at this hour: • England hath need of thee: … • (William Wordsworth, London, 1802) • 弥尔顿！你该活在这个时候， • 英国需要你！。。。
《英语修辞》题库及答案
《英语修辞》题库及答案《英语修辞》题库及答案I. Transference of T erms of Rhetorical Devices1. Transference of Terms of Rhetorical Devices from English to ChineseSimile------ Allusion------Personification------ Parallelism------Synaesthesia------ Oxymoron------Synecdoche------ Anticlimax------Euphemism------ Alliteration------Metaphor------ Antithesis------Transferred Epithet------ Paradox------Metonymy------ climax------Understatement------ Repetition------Hyperbole------ Assonance------2. Transference of Terms of Rhetorical Devices from Chinese to English隐喻------ 对照------移就------ 隽语------转喻------ 层递------低调陈述------ 重复------夸张------ 元韵------明喻------ 引喻------拟人------ 平行------通感------ 矛盾修饰----提喻------ 突降------委婉语------ 头韵------II. Identify the rhetorical devices according to the given definitions.1. It’s repetition of an initial sound, usually of a conson ant or cluster, in two or more words of a phrase, line of poetry, etc.A. ParallelismB. MetonymyC. AlliterationD. Metaphor2. It’s a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and pri marily used of one thing is applied to another.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification3. It’s the humorous use of words, or of words which are formed or sounded alike but have different meanings, in such a way as to play on two or more of the possible applications; a play on words.A. AllusionB. PunC. ClimaxD. Oxymoron4. It’s a figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with w hich it is associated.A. ParallelismB. MetonymyC. AlliterationD. Metaphor5. It’s a statement that is not strong enough to express facts or feelings with full force; or It’s a statement that expresse s an idea, etc, too weakly.A. ParallelismB. ClimaxC. Rhetorical QuestionD. Understatement6. It’s a figure of speech in which something of an unpleasant, distressing, or indelicate nature is described in less offensive terms, as in the expressions “under the weather” for “ill” or “passed away” for died”.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. EuphemismD. Parallelism7. It’s usually an implicit reference, perhaps to another work of literature or art, to a person or an event.A. AllusionB. SimileC. MetaphorD. Synecdoche8. It’s a figure of speech that consists of phrases or sentences of similar construction and meaning placed side by side, balancing each other.A. ParallelismB. AntithesisC. IronyD. Repetition9. It’s a figure of speech that combines incongruous and apparently contradictory words and meaning for a special effect.A. AllusionB. PunC. ClimaxD. Oxymoron10. It is a sentence in which the last part expresses something lower than the first. In fact, a bathetic declension from a noble tone to one less exalted. The effect can be comic and is often intended to be so.A. RepetitionB. AnticlimaxC. ParadoxD. Climax11. It’s a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is an explicit comparison.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification12. It’s a figure of speec h in which human qualities and abilities are attributed to inanimate objects, animals, abstractions, and eventsA. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification13. It’s a figure of speech in which a sensation produced in one modality when a stimulus is applied to another modality, as when the hearing of a certain sound induces the visualization of a certain colorA. SynaesthesiaB. AntithesisC. Oxymoron14. It’s a figure of speech in whi ch a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for thing, or reverse of any of these.A. SimileB. MetaphorC. AllusionD. Synecdoche15. It’s a figure of speech that greatly exaggerates the truth.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification16. The rhetorical opposing or contrasting of ideas by means of grammatically paralleled arrangements of words, clauses, or sentencesA. SynaesthesiaB. AntithesisC. OxymoronD. Metonymy17. It refers to the repeating of any element in an utterance, including sound… a word or phrase, a pattern of accents.. or an arrangement of lines…A. RepetitionB. AntithesisC. AlliterationD. Parallelism18. It’s a method of humorous or subtly sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning of the words used is the direct opposite of their usual sense.B. HyperboleC. IronyD. Simile19. It’s a literary or artis tic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule.A. MetaphorB. PunC. SimileD. Parody20. A figure of speech in which a single word, usually a verb or adjective, is syntactically related to two or more words, with only one of which it seems logically connected.A. RepetitionB. AntithesisC. ZeugmaD. ParallelismIII. Identify the rhetorical devices employed by the boldfaced words in the following sentences.1. O dear! O dear! What shall I do? I have lost my love and my lipstick too.A. RepetitionB. AnticlimaxC. ParadoxD. Climax2. Australia is so kind, just tickle her with a hoe, and she laughs with harvest.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification3. My heart is like a singing bird.A. MetaphorB. ParodyC. SimileD. Oxymoron4. When Della had finished crying, she went to the window and looked out sadly at a grey cat walking along a grey fence in a grey back-yard.A. ParallelismB. AntithesisC. IronyD. Repetition5. On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the great living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep but---- forever.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. EuphemismD. Parallelism6. O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind?A. ParallelismB. ClimaxC. Rhetorical QuestionD. Understatement7. Of all the students in the class I like him the best.A. AnastropheB. AnticlimaxC. Rhetorical QuestionD. Understatement8. You can ask him for the meaning of the word. He is like a walking dictionary.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Oxymoron9. Books are the ever-burning lamps.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Oxymoron10. Money makes the mare go.A. ParadoxB. AssonanceC. AlliterationD. Simile11. There was an audible stillness, in which the common voice sounded strange.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Oxymoron12. Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit we cannot flower and grow without it.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Oxymoron13. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students’ compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them.A. ParallelismB. Transferred EpithetC. AlliterationD. Metaphor14. He looked at me with a bitter look.A. SynaesthesiaB. AntithesisC. OxymoronD. Metaphor15. ---Why are Sunday and Saturday the strongest days in a week?---Because the rest are week (weak) days.A. MetaphorB. PunC. SimileD. Irony16. All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.A. AntithesisB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification17. ---Why can you never expect a fisherman to be generous?---Because his business make him sell fish (selfish).A. MetaphorB. PunC. SimileD. Irony18. Women were running out to the line of march, crying and laughing and kissing the men good-bye.A. AntithesisB. HyperboleC. RepetitionD. Parallelism19. Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.A. MetaphorB. PunC. SimileD. Irony20.I wish I could write better.A. PunB. HyperboleC. ClimaxD. UnderstatementIV. Identify the rhetorical devices employed in the following sentences.1. Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit we cannot flower and grow without it. ( )2. One teacher writes that instead of drowning st udents’ compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them. ( )3. And, it being low water he went out with the tide.( )4. They were short of hands at harvest time.( )5. In the dock, she found scores of arrows piercing her chest.( )6. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.( )7. The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.( )8. One mad action is not enough to prove a man mad.( )9. He intended to take an opportunity this afternoon of speaking to Irene. A word in time saves nine.( )10. No X in Nixon.( )11. All the world’s a stage, a nd all the men and women merely players.( )12. He looked at me with a bitter look. ( )13. The man is no fool.( )14. You want your pound of flesh, don’t you?( )15. The child is father of the man.( )16. Perhaps, perhaps Mera might come.( )17. A professor tapped on his desk and shouted, “Gentlemen, order!”The entire class yelled, “Beer.” ( )18. I used to organize my father’s tools, my mother’s kitchen utensils, my sister’s boyfriend s.( )19. A man from the continent was traveling in England. He had c aught a very bad cold. He coughed day and night… He put on his coat and hat and went to a chemist’s. When asked what he wanted, the traveler said, “I want something for my cow,please.”( )20. Have you ever been to an Irish Wedding? I have just returned fr om one…21. Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.( )22. I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!( )23. The senator pledged to oppose war, fight poverty, protect individual freedom and name a new state flower. ( )24. It is a quarter to five in the morning, the sun has already climbed above the horizon; the birds are busy celebrating the new day and have eagerly been in search of food. ( )25.Who wouldn’t have dreamed of becoming rich overnight? ( )26. What she had said I didn’t hear. ( )V. Two or more than two rhetorical devices are used in the following sentences. Read and select the rhetorical devices in each sentence.1. Time is like a fashionable host, that slightly shakes his passing guest by the band; and with his arms stretched, a s he would fly, grasps in the comer.The welcomes ever smile, and farewell goes out sighing.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification2. The seed ye sow, another reaps;The wealth ye find, another keeps;The robes ye weave, another wears;The arms ye forge, another bears.A. ParallelismB. AntithesisC. AlliterationD. Repetition3. Every man has in himself a continent of undiscovered character. Happy is he who acts the Columbus to his own soul.A. SimileB. MetaphorC. AllusionD. Synecdoche4. Miss Bolo went straight home in a flood of tears and a sedan chair.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Syllepsis5. These little thoughts are the rustles of leaves; they have their whisper of joy in my mind.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification6. A drop of ink may make a million think.A. PunB. AntithesisC. AlliterationD. Metonymy7. How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year!A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification8. She did experiments after experiments. There was failure, success, more failure, a little success, a little more success.A. MetonymyB. ClimaxC. HyperboleD. Repetition9. The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth.A. HyperboleB. AntithesisC. OxymoronD. Metonymy10. Why are lawyers all uneasy sleepers? Because they lie first on one side and then on the other, and remain wide wake all the time.A. PunB. AnticlimaxC. Rhetorical QuestionD. Understatement11. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification12. It is useless for the sheep to pass resolutions in favor of vegetarianism while the wolf remains of a different opinion.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification13. He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius you could be sure he’d water it.A. MetaphorB. UnderstatementC. IronyD. Paradox14. Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellation of out space.A. PunB. HyperboleC. ClimaxD. Understatement15. Then Night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand at our fevered head, and turns our little tear-stained face up to hers, and smiles.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification16. On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.A. AntithesisB. ParallelismC. AlliterationD. PunVI. Revise the following sentences with the given rhetorical devices.1. David’s beloved grandfather passed away last week.2. He looked at me with a sad look.3. Sorry, my pocket can’t afford such a pair of shoes.4. I never believe until then that any meal could defeat me, but on that day I met my Waterloo.5. Her hostility melted.6. She is lovely, kind-hearted and has a quick mind.7. I was knocked down by a motorcycle, but it was not serious.8. He is a man of wide experience and who is also very popular with the farmers.9. To chew carefully and eating slowly are necessary for good digestion.10. On the train I met with a girl from my hometown and who just graduated from Tianjin University with MA degree.11. My heart is like a singing bird.12. She is as cool as a cucumber..13. They were short of hands at harvest time.14. The bad news was a dagger into her heart.15. They stormed the speaker with questions.16. He looked at me with a bitter look17. You want your pound of flesh?18. He doesn’t have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say.19. His grandfather passed away recently.20. Her happiness vanished like the morning dew.VII. Find the rhetorical devices employed in the following passage.AA Dream of Rainbow(1) When I was small, I often gazed into the sky, It was bright blue, with a few sheets of cloud floating. Especially after a rain,after a rain, there would appear a splendid and glamorous rainbow, which was like a great bridge hung in thesky. How I wished I had been an eagle soaring up to the bridge! I was obsessed with it. Grandma told me that in the heaven lived supernatural beings, and that it was the kind-hearted and well-behaved people who could step into the heaven through the rainbow. She taught me to be a good boy; then I would have a chance to walk on the rainbow some day.(2) It was a beautiful dream. Gradually, I grew up to be a high school student. However, I buried myself in lesson, exercises and even boring tests all day long. Day in and day out. Such a pressing routine has deprived me of my interest as well as my chance to gaze into the sky.(3) In the summer of 1998,after finished the college entrance examination, I had time for relaxing myself at last. One day, shortly after a heavy thundershower, I opened the window and then pleasant smells of the earth greeted me. I couldn’t help breathing deeply with my eyes closed. After some while, I opened my eyes satisfactorily. Just guess what I saw. The blue sky! Or rather the blue-gray sky. It seemed that I met an old friend, who had changed so much that I could hardly recognize him. I craned my head out to look for the rainbow of which I have a deep love. But to my disappointment, she didn’t appear in the sky. Why could it be that!(4) Now, I come to understand it is the pollution that made the rainbow so strange to me and compelled her to be away from me. In the past few years, economic prosperity has been greatly promoted at the cost of air and environmental pollution. As result, while people are enjoying the prosperity, they are suffering a great deal from pollution. No wonder scientists say this is therevenge of nature! It is never too late to mend anyhow. Now more and more people have become coolly aware of its harmful consequences; and effective measures have been taken for anti-pollution. I believe that pollution will be able to disappear in the near future and our sky will be able to renew its bright blue as it used to.(5) Last night, I dreamed a beautiful dream: I saw a rainbow that has been never seen for ages. Then I flew in the sky to the rainbow as lf I had wings. When I landed on such a gorgeous bridge, all supernatural beings gave me a warm welcome…Rhetorical Devices used:Paragraph(1)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(2)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(3)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(4)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(5)________________________________________________________________________________________________________BThe Olympic Aspiration of an Ordinary Chinese Farmer(1) The Beijing’s bid for the 2008 Olympics reflects the common aspiration of the 1.3 billion Chinese people. Apart fromBeijing, every city of China has been launching a series of rich and varied supporting activities. However, the country folks are no less enthusiastic than the town people, and they have their own way. Comparatively speaking, the events in cities are tremendous in power and grandeur; while the activities in the countryside are like a gentle breeze anda mild rain. The earnest aspiration of rural resident for the Olympic bid can be mirrored just from an ordinary Chinese farmer -----my uncle, who is 68 years old, living in a small village about 100km east of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Privine.(2) During the week-long Labour Day holiday, I went to see him. I was very happy to find him hale and hearty. But nine years ago, he suffered from severe T.B. Ever since his recovery a year later, he has taken exercise: doing Taijiquan, kicking shuttlecock, especially having a long walk every morning at all seasons. His good health is attributed to his regular physical exercise, and he thus realize what an important role it plays in building up the health of a person as well as that of the whole nation.(3) Last year, when he heard the news on TV that Beijing decided to participate in the bid for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games, he felt quite excited and threw himself into fervent support. Since then, reading newspapers becomes a must every day. He has accumulated an intimate knowledge of the Olympics, such as its brief history, its creed, its motto,(4) My visit to him was turned into a sole conversation about the Olympics. After a comprehensive analysis, he told me that he has o ne gratification and one anxiety about the Beijing’s bid. His gratification is that the Beijing’s bid enjoys worldwide support, and most countries in the world favor Beijing as a host of the 2008 Summer Games. As to his anxiety, that is Paris andToronto are the two most formidable rivals for Beijing. Over 90 per cent of all 123 IOC members have ever been to Paris, but only 40 per cent have been to Beijing. More unfavorably, the US congress created all sorts of obstacles in an attempt to block China’s bidding wheel. “What does it matter if we meet some difficulties? ” he said resolutely. “ I am still confident of the final success.” He expressed his hope that he would go to Beijing to watch the Games in 7 years.(5) Now, the rural areas have seen a steadily growing economy. The great majority of farmers enjoy a high standard of living. They know that the hosting of the Games will be a boost to the country’s econom ic prosperity and tourism, and can bring them a better life. At the same time, people from all over the world can get a good opportunity to see through sport a real China ----its honest and hospitable people, its ancient and splendid culture, its 300-year-old and vitalizing capital, its rural scenery, its historical sites, its scenic attraction…(6) The Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics is being longed for by all Chinese people from as high as state leaders to as country folks like my uncle.Rhetorical Devices used:Paragraph(1)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(2)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(3)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(4)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(5)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(6)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________CAn Unforgettable Trip(1) The train was cracking for Qinhuangdao -----a beautiful city which I had been longing for, and which often appeared in my dreams. My thoughts had already flown out to the sea: the red sun shining in the sky, millions of shells and pebbles on the beach, lots of people playing in the water, and the waves breaking and foaming. With the dreamlike scene, smile crept up and stayed on my face. Four hours passed, and we arrived at our destination late at night.(2) We set out very early the next morning. Just several minutes later, the wind brought us the scent of the sea, and the sea greeted us. Jumping off the car, I ran wildly along the shore.I was amazed at the vast surface and the blue water, which were far more magnificent than I had imaged. Some birds were flying above and singing beautiful songs; A couple of ships were sailing at a distance; the sea and the sky converged in the distance so that I couldn’t tell one from another. Throwing off my shoes, I stepped into the water -----waves lightly patting my legs, gentle breeze kissing my checks, fresh air penetrating my lungs. I couldn’t he lp shouting loudly to release my deep depression.(3) Just a month ago, I failed the postgraduate entrance exam against 3 points. God treated me so unfairly that I almost lost my confidence in the future. But now facing the vast sea , I felt how small I was, and how insignificant my personal gains and losses were. The grandeur of nature relaxed me a lo t and gave me much inspiration. The world isn’t as dismal as I thought. Before this I had only seen the dark side of the coin instead of both. It is true that I often met with troubles, but worries, troubles, even misfortune are not everything. Life is bea utiful yet transient so that I shouldn’t sink into depression all the time. Instead, as a youth, I should embrace life and enjoy life. I once read a philoso phical saying from a book : “ Yesterday is an invalid check; tomorrow is a kind of deposit which can’t be used; today is the money in front of you.” So I must value today and let yesterday go and let all gloominess go. Woken up from the meditation by gust of hailing, I found the sun jumping above sea, it lights made everything bright. I cried, “ A new day is coming.”(4) Now, I have learned to love life. I can find happiness and beauty from my surrounding: the bright sun, the blue sky, the green grass, the beautiful flowers, the singing bird, the smiling faces---all can bring me joy and satisfaction. Oh, an unforgettable trip.Rhetorical Devices used:Paragraph(1)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(2)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(3)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(4)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________DSingers Shouldn’t Earn More Than Composers(1) With the steady growth in the county’s economy as well as the people’s living standard, people attach more importance to the colorful cultural life. As a result, many pop stars rise to fame overnight, even making a huge fortune ayear. On the other hand, the composers of popular songs that make these singers famous earn only a small fraction of what these “ noted stars” earn. Recently, this phenomenon has aroused wide concern, and heated public debate has arisen.(2) The pains and gains of the so-called stars are not matched. One hour’s performance may bring them thousand of yuan, while the composers are too far behind to catch up, so it is unfair and discouraging. Most of the composers, as we know, are musicians and experts in music who devote themselves to research and composition of knowledge. Singing stars are always the idols of youngsters. Many of them get rich quick without toil and sweat, thereby making youngsters disbelieve in the maxim “ No pains, no gains”; some of them even have an extravagant and wasteful way of living, which is tremendously tempting and misleading.(3) Of course, every thing has two faces. It goes withoutsaying that the stars e nrich people’s entertainment and make our life colorful; anyhow, the bright side should not keep us from criticizing its dark one.(4) All in all, I should say that the pop stars do not deserve such high payment than composers do. The government should levy heavier income tax on these stars in order to narrow the gap between the income of so-called pop stars and that of composers.Rhetorical Devices used:Paragraph(1)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(2)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(3)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph(4)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________《英语修辞》作业参考答案I.1．明喻引喻拟人平行通感矛盾修饰法提喻突降。
英语修辞学第二版第七章课后题答案
英语修辞学第二版第七章课后题答案1、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way2、I was astonished when I heard that Louise was getting married. [单选题] *A. 惊讶(正确答案)B. 气愤C. 高兴D. 想念3、I’ve _______ a job interview today. [单选题] *A. haveB. had(正确答案)C. hasD. have gone to4、She often _______ at 21: [单选题] *A. go to bedB. gets upC. goes to bed(正确答案)D. gets to5、The flowers _______ sweet. [单选题] *A. tasteB. smell(正确答案)C. soundD. feel6、—______ do you pay for it? —Over the Internet. （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. How muchC. How(正确答案)D. When7、You can _______ Bus 116 to get there. [单选题] *A. byB. take(正确答案)C. onD. in8、Be _______ when you are driving. [单选题] *A. afraidB. careful(正确答案)C. clearD. clean9、I always get ______ grades than he does, so maybe I should help him more.（）[单选题] *A. bestB. better(正确答案)C. goodD. well10、It ______ me half an hour to return to school.（）[单选题] *A. takes(正确答案)B. spendsC. costsD. brings11、（）it is to have a cold drink on a hot day! [单选题] *A. What a great funB. How great funC. What great fun(正确答案)D. How a great fun12、34．My mother isn't in now, but she will be back ______ ten minutes. [单选题] * A．forB．beforeC．in(正确答案)D．at13、Don’t read in bed. It’s _______ your eyes. [单选题] *A. good atB. good forC. bad atD. bad for(正确答案)14、( ) You had your birthday party the other day,_________ [单选题] *A. hadn't you?B. had you?C. did you?D. didn't you?(正确答案)15、( ) It tells what is going on ___the county and all____the world. [单选题] *A. across; over(正确答案)B. all; acrossC. in; inD.to; for16、Tom is very _______. He never cleans his room. [单选题] *A. lazy(正确答案)B. activeC. shyD. healthy17、I don’t think he will take the case seriously,_____? [单选题] *A.don’t IB.won’t heC.does heD.will he(正确答案)18、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /19、--_______ does Ben go to school?--By bus. [单选题] *A. How(正确答案)B. WhatC. WhereD. Why20、Why don’t you _______ the bad habit of smoking. [单选题] *A. apply forB. get rid of(正确答案)C. work asD. graduate from21、—______is my notebook？—Look! It’s in your schoolbag.（）[单选题] *A. WhatB. WhichC. Where(正确答案)D. How22、My sister gave me a _______ at my birthday party. [单选题] *A. parentB. peaceC. patientD. present(正确答案)23、Actually, we don't know whether this news comes from a reliable（）or not. [单选题] *A. source(正确答案)B. originC. basisD. base24、If you get _______, you can have some bread on the table. [单选题] *A. happyB. hungry(正确答案)C. worriedD. sad25、You can distinguish the twins very easily, _____Tom is quite while Jack is active. [单选题] *A. soB. butC. for(正确答案)D. and26、Grandpa pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s _______ I was born?”[单选题] *A. whenB. howC. whyD. where(正确答案)27、_____from far away, the 600-meter tower is stretching into the sky. [单选题] *A. SeeB. SeeingC. To seeD. Seen(正确答案)28、79．On a ________ day you can see the city from here. [单选题] * A．warmB．busyC．shortD．clear(正确答案)29、You should stick to your（）and tell him you won' t do the thing. [单选题] *A. principle(正确答案)B. qualityC. contactD. influence30、The secretary was asked to_____of the waste paper on the desk. [单选题] *A.disappearB.dispose(正确答案)C.declareD.got rid。
英语修辞学笔记整理
英语修辞学Ⅰ. Phonetic figure of speech 语音修辞1.Alliteration 押头韵Bread not bombs.Cut crimes with jobs not jails.Time and tide waits for no man.2.Assonance 押元音Let us help you extend yourself.Could anything ever replace the taste of old grape and apple juice. Haste makes waste.Spend dime save your time.3.ConsonanceWomen don’t angonize,organize.Farms not arms.4.Aposiopesis 中间间断法Another step forward,you will…5.Pun 双关To Engla nd I will steal,and there I’ll steal.If we don’t hang together,we hang separately.On Sunday they pray for you,on Monday they prey on you.You earn your living.You urn your dead.Ⅱ.Syntactic figure of speech句法修辞1. Repetition 重复There is no,no,no,life.2. Anaphora 句首重复I want to know,I want to know who is the girl.3.Epiphora 句尾重复Reading makes a full man,conference a ready man and writing an exact man.4.Simploce 首尾重复Those who are toil to death,those who are worried to death,those who are bored to death.5.Parallelism 平行结构It was not anger,nor surprise,nor disapproval,nor horror,nor any of emotions that she has been prepared for.Kind hearts are the gardens,kind thoughts are the roots,kind words are the flowers,kind deeds are the fruits.6.Antithesis 对照It was the season of light,it was the season of darkness;it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair.When poverty comes in at the door,love flies out of at the window.7.Climax 高潮I came，I saw, I conquer.I was born American,I live American,I shall die American.8.Anticlimax 反高潮突降法Where shall I find hope,happiness,friends,cigarette,burp.9.Syllepsis 一语双叙He lost his coat and temper.She opened the door and her heart to the homeless child.10.Zeugma 轭式修饰法To make flying more comfortable,we want to great lenghths and great widths.11.Chiasmus 交错排列法One should eat to live not live to eat.For my thoughts are not your thoughts,neither are your wise are my wise.12.Rhetorical question 反问If winter comes,can sping be far behind?Ⅲ.Semantic figure of speech语意修辞1. Simile 明喻As cool as cucumber (泰然自若)Like a hen on the griddleWhat A is to B,C is to D.A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.Love and cough can not be hid.2. Metaphor 暗喻The world is a stage.All the world’s a stage,and all the men and women merely players. Money is a bottomless sea,in which honour,conscience and truth may be drowed.Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.Books are the ever-burning lamps and wisdom.3.Personification 拟人Australia is so kind,just trickle her with a hoe and she laughs with a harvest.Laziness travels so slowly.4.Metonymy 转喻To read a Shakespeare or a Mark Twain is to eat a food full of protein. Without sweat,without bread.A hundred bayonet were marching.5.Synecdoche 提喻The farm is short of hands.There are hundreds of sails in the harbor.The prisoner is in irons.The poor man had six mouths to feed.China beat Japan at volleyball.6.Euphemism 委婉语His wife is expecting another child.7.Parody 仿写I had no outlook but an uplook rather.My place in society was at bottom.8.Synesthesia 共感The rooms on the first floor are cold color.9.Transfered epithet 移就I speak to him in hesitant French.A sleepless nightA happy dayⅣ.Logical figure of speech逻辑修辞1. Allusion 引喻He met his Waterloo in 1940s.2. Hyperbole 夸张I was destroyed fatigue.3.Irony 讽刺We’re luck it’s the other side on the 13th of December.That makes us feel real good.For instance the nuns who never take a bath without a bathrobe all the time,when asked why,since no man can see them they reply“Oh,but you forget the good God.”4.Oxymoron 矛盾修饰Bitter sweatVictorious defeatTrue lieLoyal deceitTearful joy5.Paradox 自相矛盾A strong man knows his weakness.6.Overstatement 高调论述Bob loves running risks,and he once dived from the overhanging cliff ,often thousand feet high into the sea.7.Understatement 低调论述He is no fool.That civil servant was not without ambition.。
英语修辞学 教学大纲
英语修辞学一、课程说明课程编号：180138Z10课程名称：英语修辞学/English Rhetorics课程类别：专业教育（选修）课学时/学分：32学时/2学分先修课程：议论文写作适用专业：英语专业教材、教学参考书：教材：自编教材教学参考书：Bizzell, Patricia. The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present. Boston, MA: Bedford/St Martin’s, 2001.Harris, Robert. Writing with Clarity and Style: A Guide to Rhetorical Devises for Contemporary Writers. Pyrczak Pub., 2002.Mcguigan, Brendan. Rhetorical Devises: A Handbook and Activities for Student Writers. Prestwick House, Inc., 2007.Samuelsen, Patricia. The Writer’s Toolbox: Use Rhetorical Devises to Improve Communication. Sweetwater Publishing, 2011.冯翠华.《英语修辞大全》. 外语教学与研究出版社，2005.兰纯.《修辞学：理论与实践》.外语教育与研究出版社，2013.二、课程设置的目的与意义作为英语专业选修课程，本课程设置的目的在于帮助学生掌握修辞理论和修辞手段，从而从修辞的角度提高对英语语言的理论认知。
修辞学是一门跨学科的课程，广泛吸收了哲学、文学、心理学领域的理论知识，是英语语言研究重要的一个分支。
修辞理论知识是英语专业学生和学者听、说、读、写、译等语言活动起着重要的指导作用。
Lecture one 英语修辞学绪论 Introduction
Introduction:examples
Caesar:
I came, I saw, I conquered.
2.We eat books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
1.1 Etymology of Rhetoric
Francis Christensen: Grammar maps out the possible; rhetoric narrows the possible down to the desirable and effective. 伍海伦《英文修辞手册》论述： Grammar is the law of language, considered as language; rhetoic is the art of language, considered as thought. Grammar tells what is correct; rhetoric tells what is effective ans pleasing.
Introduction:examples
Kennedy: Don‟t ask what our country can do for you, just ask what you can do for your country.
Chuchill: I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. Richard Nixon: Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.
英语修辞学中文版
英语修辞学中文版简介英语修辞学是一门研究英语语言修辞现象和修辞技巧的学科。
在中文语境下，英语修辞学的研究和应用同样具有重要意义，可以帮助中文学习者更好地理解和应用英语语言技巧，提高语言表达能力。
本文将介绍英语修辞学的定义、历史背景、主要修辞手法以及在中文语境下的应用和意义。
一、英语修辞学的定义英语修辞学（English Rhetoric）是一门研究如何运用语言技巧来有效地表达思想、情感和观点的学科。
它涉及到语言的各个方面，包括词汇、语法、句子结构、篇章结构等。
英语修辞学不仅关注语言的表达形式，还关注语言的内容和效果，旨在通过恰当的语言手段来影响听众或读者的态度和行为。
二、英语修辞学的历史背景英语修辞学源于古希腊和罗马时代的古典修辞学，当时被广泛应用于法庭辩论、政治演讲和宗教仪式中。
随着时间的推移，修辞学逐渐发展成为一门独立的学科，并形成了不同的流派和理论体系。
现代英语修辞学开始于19世纪，随着语言学和文学研究的不断发展，修辞学逐渐成为一门跨学科的综合性学科，与语言学、文学、心理学、社会学等多个领域产生了密切的联系。
三、英语修辞学的主要修辞手法1.比喻（Metaphor）: 通过将一个事物比喻为另一个事物来表达某种意象或概念。
比喻可以分为明喻和暗喻两种形式。
明喻是直接将一个事物比喻为另一个事物，而暗喻则是暗示一个事物具有另一个事物的特征或性质。
2.拟人（Personification）: 将非人类的事物赋予人类的特征或情感，使其形象更加生动。
例如，“春天是一位温柔的姑娘，给大地披上五彩斑斓的衣裳。
”3.夸张（Hyperbole）: 通过夸大或缩小事物的特征来强调某种情感或效果。
例如，“他饿得像一只三天没吃饭的老虎。
”4.反语（Irony）: 通过说反话或使用讽刺的方式来表达与字面意思相反的含义。
例如，“你真是个天才，居然在考试前一天才开始复习。
”5.排比（Parallelism）: 通过使用结构相似或意义相近的词语或句子来增强语言的表现力和节奏感。
《英语修辞学》第七章综述
Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden. (John F. Kennedy)
(2) Newspaper headlines: Bread Not Bombs Cut Crime with Jobs---Not Jails Battle for Balanced Budget
2) Bye, Bye, Balanced Budget
3) Gunk Grounds the Second Shuttle Alliteration is a great help to memory. By highlighting the sounds of words, alliteration catches the attention of the audience and makes the idea impressed deeply on the audience and thus easier for them to remember. For example,
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(3) Advantages:
As a figure of speech, it is good for sound rhyme, musical effect and significant emphasis. For example,
1) The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.
隽语英语修辞学
隽语英语修辞学
隽语英语修辞学（Elocution）是一个修辞学的分支，主要研究
和探讨演讲和朗诵的艺术。
隽语这个词源于拉丁语"eloquentia"，意为雄辩和口才。
英语修辞学旨在培养和提高演讲者的表达能力，使其能够以流利、准确、优美的语言向听众传达信息并引发共鸣。
隽语英语修辞学包括以下重要元素和技巧：
1. 发音（Phonetics）：研究语音的产生、轻重、音调和语调的运用等，旨在使演讲者的语音发音准确清晰。
2. 语调（Intonation）：通过改变声调的高低、升降和延长缩
短等手段，使语言更有感染力和表情。
3. 节奏（Rhythm）：有效利用语言中的重音和停顿，使演讲
更有节奏感和韵律性。
4. 语音语调（Inflection）：通过改变语音的强弱、上升或下降的方式表达情感，使演讲更加生动和富有表情。
5. 语气（Tone）：在演讲中选择合适的语气，如严肃、幽默、感慨等，以达到有效传达信息的目的。
6. 发声（Articulation）：训练演讲者清晰地发出每个音节和音素，使听众能够准确理解。
7. 姿势与仪态（Posture and Gesture）：通过身体语言，如姿势、手势和面部表情，在演讲中增加互动和有效的沟通。
隽语英语修辞学不仅关注语言技巧，还涉及演讲表达的情感和感染力。
它旨在培养演讲者的口才和演讲能力，使其能够更好地与听众建立联系，达到沟通并影响他人的目的。
英语修辞学
李树德 冯奇《英语修辞简明教程》，复旦大学出版社，2003
吕煦 《实用英语修辞》， 清华大学出版社，2004
张秀国 《英语修辞学》， 清华大学出版社，2005
Questions:
What is rhetoric? What is a figure of speech? Are they the same?
Definition of rhetoric: Chinese
张弓《现代汉语修辞学》： 修辞是为了有效地表达意旨、交流思想而适应现
实语境，利用民族语言各因素以美化语言。 北京大学语言学教研室《语言学名词解释》： 修辞是指最有效地运用语言，使语言很好地表达
思想感情的一种技巧。研究这种技巧的学问，就 叫修辞学。换言之，修辞学是以修辞的规律、方 法和语言手段的表现为研究对象的科学。
Definition of rhetoric
Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language (1972):
Rhetoric is the art or science of using words effectively in speaking or writing, especially of literary composition.
胡曙中 《英汉修辞比较研究》，上海外语教育出版社，1993
胡曙中 《现代英语修辞学》，上海外语教育出版社，2004
黄任 《英语修辞与写作》，上海外语教育出版社，1996
郭秀梅 《实用英语修辞学》，江苏人民出版社， 1985
李冀宏 《英语常用修辞入门》，世界图书出版公司，2ategory 1: (Western Rhetoric) Communicative Rhetoric
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We should not demean贬低 our democracy with the politics of distraction, denial and despair.(Al Gore)
我们不可用消解、拒绝和绝望的托辞贬屈我们的民主。
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More Examples:
E.g. Penny wise, pound foolish. 小处精明, 大处浪费; 小事聪明,erfect.
Far fowls have fair feathers. （远处的鸟羽毛更美丽）“远来的和 尚会念经”。说某人“面善心恶”，英语是A fair face hides a foul heart;说“酒后说胡话”，英语是When wine sinks, words swim; 四川人有句俗语非常好，把天上飞的，地上跑的，水里游的叫做“陆空”，
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7.2 Alliteration （押头韵）
(1) Definition:
The word alliteration derives from Latin, meaning “repeating and playing upon the same letter”. Therefore, alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant in two or more words. It is a very old rhetorical device, and the first figures of speech adopted in English.
告一组押头韵词语是围绕/P/这个辅音展开的：Pursuit和Perfection. Pursuit和
Perfection都属该语篇的核心词汇，所构成的押头韵使整个语篇显得富有韵律和 节奏感。汉语译文采用了四字格形式的排比结构，由两部分构成：第一部分描 述了源语语篇核心词汇所含的主要概念意义“追求完美”，和源语语篇副词所 含的概念意义“近乎苛求”；第二部分首先写出商品品牌，在品牌 “凌志轿车” 后加了“永不停歇”，以表示汽车制造者的决心和志向。四个并列的四字词语， 使译文语言显得明快流畅，节奏优美和谐。
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在翻译中，恰如其分地运用押头韵的手法可以使译文增色不少。在上海世 博会的申办报告中，原文有“上海迅速发展成为一个充满生机和希望的城 市”，我们把它翻译为：“Shanghai has been developing rapidly
into a city full of vigor and vitality and showing a great promise.”其
(2) Applicable areas:
In Poetry In prose In newspaper headings In proverbs In tongue twisters
In advertisements and slogans
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E.g. (1) In prose Next to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.
2) Bye, Bye, Balanced Budget
3) Gunk Grounds the Second Shuttle Alliteration is a great help to memory. By highlighting the sounds of words, alliteration catches the attention of the audience and makes the idea impressed deeply on the audience and thus easier for them to remember. For example,
Page 8
(3) Advantages:
As a figure of speech, it is good for sound rhyme, musical effect and significant emphasis. For example,
1) The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.
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某扫描仪广告: Slim，stylish，silver. 译文1：银色线条显精简，时尚光辉在闪现 译文2：外显精简之美，内藏时尚韵味。 这则广告语篇属于描述体语篇体裁，由三个关系过程小句的 省略形式构成。三个用来描述这种扫描仪器特点的形容词都以辅 音/s/开头，构成押头韵修辞，语言简洁工整，令人倍感时尚。
Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden. (John F. Kennedy)
(2) Newspaper headlines: Bread Not Bombs Cut Crime with Jobs---Not Jails Battle for Balanced Budget
(2) A good knowledge of some English phonetic figures of speech is helpful not only to students of EFL as writers, but also as readers of English articles. (3) The basic features of English sounds: English sounds are classified phonetically into vowels and consonants, and the pronunciation of words is done by combinations of vowels and consonants. The vowels and consonants not only have phonetic qualities, but also have some sensory qualities, which suggest certain impressions.
English Rhetoric
Chapter Seven Phonetic Figures of Speech
By Song Pingfeng
Contents of This Chapter
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8
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翻译成英语应该叫“feather，feet or fin”，就长羽毛的、长脚的，还有长鳍
的。 现在许多人择偶条件中有一条，要求对象既有“才”，还要有“趣”，有 “才”有“趣”用英语表达就可以用上头韵技巧：“a man of wisdom and wit”。如果遇上a man of wisdom and wit，可要错过机会，嫁给他做wife吧。
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For example: 1) The short, lax, spread vowel /i/ is supposed to convey bright, light, fleet, happy impression, as in: Spring, the sweet Spring, is the year’s pleasant king; Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring, Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing. (T. Nash: “Spring”) 2) The sounds /ɑ:/ and /o/ are considered more pleasant to the ears, as for example in “doll”, “holiday”, “lark(嬉戏, 玩乐)”, “dance”, “hearty”, etc. 3) Most people feel that the consonants /k/, /g/ and their clusters /kl/,
She sells sea-shells on the sea-shore.
Cut Costs Without Cutting Corners. (advertising for cars)
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(5) In advertisements and slogans标语 Vitamins for Vim and Vigor (advertising for vitamins) Sea, Sun, Sand, Seclusion ----and Spain! (advertising for spanish seashore scenic pots.)
/kr/, /gl/, /gr/ are suggestive of unpleasantness or ugliness, as in
“kick”, “kill”, “clack(唠叨，喋喋不休)”, “crack”, “groan”, “glut(暴食：过 量地吃或过度耽溺于，沉湎于)”, “haggle(讨价还价，争论不休)”, “anger”, etc.
中，“充满生机”的译文 full of vigor and vitality 就是了押头韵的技巧。
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例如：The Relentless Pursuit of Perfection. (Lexus automobile) 译文：追求完美，近乎苛求；凌志轿车，永不停歇！ 这是Lexus牌汽车广告，其基本含义为“近乎苛求地追求完美”。这则广