句子的翻译1

Exercise:
下列译文中主语的处理有什么特点？好在哪 里？为什么？ 1. 空旷的山野上，荡起了她甜甜的笑声。 In the wilderness, her sweet sounds of laughter rose and fell like waves.
2. 那肥大的荷叶下面，有一个人的脸，下半截身子 长在水里，那不是水生吗？又往左右看去，不久， 各人就找到了各人丈夫的脸。啊，原来是他们。 Not far away under a broad lotus leaf they saw a man's head – the rest of him was submerged. It was Shuisheng. Looking right and left, each soon discovered her husband-so this was where they were!
空旷的山野上，当起了她甜甜的笑声。 In the wilderness, her sweet sounds of laughter rose and fell like waves.
农民缺乏训练，许多农场生产力低下，这就 使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。 Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farmers place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.
不懂就是不懂，不要装懂。不要摆官架子。钻进去， 几个月，一年两年，三年五年，总可以学会的。 We must not pretend to know when we do not know. We must not put on bureaucratic airs. If we dig into a subject for several months, for a year or two, for three or five years, we shall eventually master it Put on bureaucratic airs: act like the master of
母亲一把大剪刀，仿佛裁掉了我童年的忧伤， 给我剪出一个原来如此瑰丽的世界。 Mother had a big pair of scissors, with which she seemed to cut off the sorrows of my childhood and cut out for me such a surprising beautiful world.
4．连叫几遍，只见那柳荫里面。咿咿哑哑 的，撑出一只船来。 After a number of these shouts a rowing boat came creaking from under the willows and was soon near their bank.
二、比较下列译文。译文a与b哪一种较好？为什么？ 1．中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现 代化的光辉彼岸。 a. The ship of China's socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization. b. China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Subject Subject Subject Subject
＋ ＋ ＋ ＋
Verb Link. V ＋ Predicate Verb ＋ Object Verb＋ Indirect object＋Direct
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5. Subject ＋ Verb ＋Object＋ Complement
增补主语
只有冷静才能成功 Success depends on calm minds 通过在广州的见闻以及随后在各地的访问， 我们的忧虑已化为喜悦。 The news that greeted us in Guangzhou and our visit later to various places turned anxiety to joy.
Sentence Translation Ⅰ
Subject Selecting
Teaching plan for Sentence Translation
1. selecting a subject 2. selecting a predict and the agreement between subject and predict 3. Adjusting word order 4. Translation of negative sentences 5. Realizing functional equivalence
重新确定主语
历史上，英国国王一直把伦敦塔当作囚禁自 己私敌和政敌的监狱。 London Tower in history has always served as a prison of the English kings’ personal and political enemies.
于是，暮色中匆匆的人群里，总有我赶路的身影， 雨里，雾里，雪里，只盼着早些回家…… Thus the gathering dark often finds me hastening home in a hurrying crowd. Whether it rains or snows, windy or foggy, it is the longing to be home that quickens my steps Find: a time or event finds sb or sth in a particular situation or doing a particular thing
一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世 界大为震惊。 China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. In October, 1964, China blasted its first automatic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly. October 1964 witnessed China’s first atomic blast which shocked the rest of the world greatly.
Outline for this class
Subject-prominent vs Topicprominent 以原句主语作为译文主语 重新确定主语 增补主语
Hypotaxis vs Parataxis
Hypotaxis 形合: The dependent or 形合: subordinate construction or relationship of clauses arranged with connectives; Parataxis 意合: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them;
3. 英勇战斗于前，又放弃土地于后不是自 相矛盾吗？这些英勇战斗者的血，不是白流 了吗？ Is it not self-contradictory to fight heroically first and then abandon territory? Will not our heroic fighters have shed their blood in vain?
以原句主语作为译文主语
清风拂过树梢 A soft wind kissed the treetops. 如镜的水面吸引我们下水游泳 The calm water invited us to swim.
他确乎有点像棵树，坚壮、沉默、而又有生 气。 He was indeed rather like a tree, sturdy, silent yet full of life.
Subject-prominent vs Topicprominent
In an English sentence, prominence is usually given to the subject. There are subject. five basic sentence patterns in English: SV, SVC, SVO, SVO1O2, SVOC, all with SV as its essentials. We can venture to say that an English sentence is built on the subjectsubjectpredict-pivot, predict-pivot, with the subject and predicate in agreement. agreement. On the other hand, a Chinese sentence often lays emphasis on the thought or notion, so it is based on the thought pivot. pivot.
世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出 现了。 Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his eyebrows and round his mouth.
话说天下大势，分久必合，合久必分。周末七国分 争，并入于秦。 Domains under heaven, after a long period of division, tends to unite; after a long period of union, tends to divide. This has been so since antiquity. When the rule of the Zhou Dynasty weakened, seven contending kingdoms sprang up*, warring one with another until the kingdom of Qin prevailed and possessed the empire*.
马达就是发动不起来 The motor couldn’t be started. The motor refused to start. 如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排除的 废气就会造成城市空气污染。 Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities.