厦门大学2005年语言学及应用语言学试题

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语言学概论(厦门大学)习题库3

5、音长、音高、音强和音质的联系？
6、语音的社会性表现在哪些方面？
7、国际音标有哪些优点？
8、元音和辅音的区别有哪些？
9、音位的主要特征是什么？
关 10、音位、音素、音位变体的系？
何 11、条件变体和自由变体有区别？
并本则 12、划分和归音位的基原是什么？
总言言 13、为什么说音位是属于具体语或方的？
厦门大学人文学院中文系语言教研室
⑩ 舌尖前送气清塞擦音； 2、指出下列各组音素的区别特征。 [p‘]－[p] [f]－[v] [ ]－[ ] [n]－[l] [y]－[i] [y]－[u]
三、名词解释
1、语音 2、音质 3、音素 4、音标 5、半元音体 11、超音质音位 12、音高 13、音强 14、音长 15、区别性特征 16、二合元音 17、复辅音 18、语流音变 19、同化 20、异化 21、弱化 22、脱落 23、历史音变 24、语音规律
2、指出下列各组音素的区别特征。
[p‘]－[p]
/ 送气性不送气性
《语言学概论》第一章习题
厦门大学人文学院中文系语言教研室
[f]－[v] [ ]－[ ] [n]－[l] [y]－[i] [y]－[u]
/ 清音性浊音性 / 舌尖前舌尖后 / 鼻音性口音性 /展圆唇性唇性 / 前音性后音性
言统致包括内容 14、特定语中的音位系大
哪些？
言言统差 15、不同语或方音位系的异主要表现在哪些方面？
约 16、语音规律的制条件主要有哪些？
演包括内容 17、音位体系的变哪些？
18、举例说明语音的同化与异化、弱化与脱落。
五、讨论题

2021厦门大学语言学及应用语言学考研真题经验参考书

厦门大学语言学及语言应用学本人的考研经历一场没有硝烟的战争终于结束了，经历了考研这场“腥风血雨”的洗礼，终于展开怀抱拥抱我理想的大学——厦门大学！本人本科985工科学校，学的文科专业。

顶着985的光辉，其实比不过一般的专业学校。

我们学校在文科方面真是惨不忍睹啊…大二一学年，报了一个国内交流项目，于是成功申请到厦大交流了一年。

我本科阶段的大部分必修课都在厦大修完了。

也是为后来准备考研预留了很多时间。

我的经历可能让很多人灰心，认为我掌握了许多资源，难怪能考上。

事实上，我也得承认，我的确比别人轻松地拿到了很多珍贵的资源，比如厦大老师的课件，笔记，认识的学姐学长………但是，同样的，我也付出了不比别人少的努力。

我属于那种大一大二都拼命玩，大三开始有点着急，大四拼命努力的类型。

最近很多小伙伴问我现在准备考研来不来得及，我想说那是真的没问题啊。

看到很多学弟学妹妄自菲薄，认为自己没有很好的本科学校，考厦大是不是太过遥远。

我只想说，当你的能力不足以撑起你的野心的时候，唯有努力。

所以趁你还年轻，不要长吁短叹，不要怨天尤人，踏踏实实没有退路的努力吧。

考研这条路虽然很艰辛，但最关键自己要持之以恒的坚持下去，不要过于相信别人会帮你，尤其是文学的老师，他们脾气古怪，最讨厌的就是关系户，最不听领导话。

一切都要靠自己的实力。

即使你再铁的关系，也抵不过的自己的真才实学。

聪明的孩子也不要被所谓的关系户吓到，在考虑到自身实力，恰当的选择合适的学校，我也希望你们有一颗勇敢的心，去为了梦想拼一拼。

对于考研，可以说态度决定成败！大家在智力、复习技巧上不会有太大差别，拼的就是态度，还有几分运气。

所谓态度，个人觉得自信、坚持是最重要的。

不要觉得人家行，就自己不行，其实大家都差不多。

要有魄力去搏一搏！选择了就不要放弃！我同学的同学考前一星期放弃了，很可惜的。

其实不到最后成绩出来，你都不知道老天有多爱你、对你有多好！在忍无可忍之时再忍一下，给自己、给老天一个表现的机会！坚持到底不容易，所以在选择考研之前要考虑清楚，一定要自己想考、自己想学才行。

(完整word版)语言学及应用语言学经典习题

二、语言学及应用语言学经典习题（一）单项选择题1、关于语言符号的任意性，下列说法不正确的一项是( )A、复合符号原则上不是任意的，是有理据的B、正是由于语言符号的任意性，语言是可变的C、最基本的单纯初始符号都是任意的D、任意性是指一个符号先由某一个群体约定，继而向周围扩散推广2、关于书面语，下列表述不正确的一项是( )A、书面语是在口语的基础上产生的，经过加工和提炼，比较规范，所以，语言研究应该首先研究书面语B、书面具有相对的独立性C、任何语言总是先有口语，后有书面语D、书面语和口语的差异主要是风格上差异3、产生与18世纪末叶19世纪初叶的语言学被称为( )A、结构主义语言学B、历史比较语言学C、社会语言学D、功能语言学4、组合关系现在一般称为( )A、联想关系B、类聚关系C、句法功能D、语义组合5、语音的四个物理要素中，区别不同的意义起着最为重要的作用的是( )A、音高B、音强C、音长D、音色（二）、多项选择题在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二个至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。

1、一个元音的发音特征取决于( )A、起主要作用的部位B、声带是否振动C、唇形的圆展D、舌位的前后E、舌位的高低2、基本词汇的特点是( )A、数量最多B、使用范围广C、理据性强D、产生历史长E、构词能力强3、根据字符跟语言单位的语义还是语音相联系的标准可以将文字分为( )A、音节文字B、音位文字C、表意文字D、意音文字E、表音文字三、名词解释1、发音方法2、语法单位的构成关系四、简答题简述索绪尔对语言学的主要贡献。

五、分析题试从词语的构造方式的角度对下列合成词进行分类，分别填入相应的各项中：修辞阿姨瓜子燕子女儿马儿作者司仪刚刚第三作为忘记窗户木头开头后现代后年词根和词根组合的合成词词根和词缀组合的合成词前加式派生词后加式派生词六、论述题（本大题共2小题，第1小题10分，第2小题9分，共19分）举例说明几种主要的语法手段。

厦大05年语言学基础考试题

一、读下面诗句，并按要求答题。

30分?春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还？（1）分别用汉语拼音和国际音标标出上面诗句的普通话读音，用国际音标标音时，请用阿拉伯数字标出各字的调值。

10分（2）请把上面诗句各音节的主要元音它们的发音条件写出来，相同的和在一起说明。

10分（3）请写出上面诗句各字声母的发音部位和发音方法，相同的合在一起说明。

10分二、读下面一段文章，并按要求答题。

27分1、中国传统文化博大精深，渊远流长。

2、在它的长期发展过程中，由于人民群众社会实践的推动和思想家们的概括提炼，逐渐形成了一系列优秀的文化传统。

3、这些优秀文化传统，对于中国社会的发展，对于中华民族的成长壮大，有着极为重要的推动作用。

4、而这些优秀文化传统的相互凝聚和整合，便构成中华民族文化的基本精神。

5、换言之，优秀文化传统实质上是民族文化精神的具体体现。

（1）指出上面句子的句型（单句、复句，主谓句和非主谓句及其小类）。

5分（2）什么叫句法分析？请用框式图解标明2、5两句的句法结构层次和各层次的句法成分，要求分析到词一级语法单位。

12分（3）上面一段话中的“由于”和“对于”能否互换位置？为什么？请用你所掌握的词汇、语法知识分析这两个词词义和用法的异同（4）指出下列合成词的构成方式：文化、精深、群众、思想家们。

4分?三、用划线法分析下列多重复句。

8分（1）有些人背上虽然没有包袱，有联系群众的长处，但是不善于思索，不愿意用脑筋多思苦想，结果仍然做不成大事。

（2）没有知识，工人就无法做好工作；有了知识，工人才能更好地完成任务。

（3）我们不仅因为今天科学技术落后，需要向外国学习，即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平，也还要学习人家的长处。

（4）如果你不出面干预，或者张厂长仍然态度暧昧，他即使把设备卖了，把厂房卖了，弄得大家日子不好过，也没人阻止得了。

?四、读下面一首诗，并简单分析其中用到的修辞手法。

5分??淡黄的头发披散着?? 宛如玉蜀藜的缨穂遮掩?? 珍珠般的脸盘?? 为着小小的愿望?? 你低垂着稚嫩的脖颈?? 默默地跪在阳光下?? 你是否觉得阳光也跪在你面前?? 就像树跪在落叶的苦难面前?五、问答题80分（1）简述词汇发展的一般情况 20分（2）简述普通话因为系统 20分（3）有人说“一种语言里的全部语素就是它的词汇”，这句话你是怎么理解的？20分（4）汉语中常用的语法手段有哪些？举例说明。

厦门大学厦大 2005年英语基础知识考研真题及答案解析

厦门大学2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目及代码：321英语基础知识研究方向：英语应用语言学英美文学叙述学注意：答案必须标明题号，按序写在专用答题纸上，写在本试卷上或草稿纸上者一律不给分。

Part I:Reading Comprehension(50%)Directions:Read the following passages and answer the questions after each passage.Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet only.Passage1Are organically grown foods the best food choices?The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated.Advocates of organic foods---a term whose meaning varies greatly—frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development.However,much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs.Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence,the preponderance of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction.As a result,claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.Almost daily the public is besieged by claims for"no-aging"diets,new vitamins,and other wonder foods. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones,that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs,that untreated gains are better than fumigated grains,and the like.One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods.But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods.So there is real cause for concern if consumers,particularly those with limited incomes,distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.1.The"welcome development"mentioned in line6is an increase in______.A)interest in food safety and nutrition among North AmericansB)the nutritional quality of the typical North American dietC)the amount of healthy food grown in North AmericaD)the number of consumers in North America2.According to the first paragraph,which of the following is true about the term"organic foods"?A)It is accepted by most nutritionists.B)It has been used only in recent years.C)It has no fixed meaning.D)It is seldom used by consumers.3.The author implies that there is cause for concern if consumers with limited incomes buy organic foodsinstead of conventionally grown foods because______.A)organic foods can be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foodsB)many organic foods are actually less nutritious than similar conventionally grown foodsC)conventionally grown foods are more readily available than organic foodsD)too many farmers will stop using conventional methods to grow food crops4.According to the last paragraph,consumers who believe that organic foods are better than conventionallygrown foods are often______.A)carelessB)mistakenC)thriftyD)wealthy5.What is the author's attitude toward the claims made by advocates of health foods?A)Very enthusiasticB)Somewhat favorableC)NeutralD)SkepticalPassage2There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning,human beings viewed the natural forces of the world,even the seasonal changes,as unpredictable,and they sought through various means,to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time passed some rituals were abandoned,but the stories,later called myths,persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music,dance,masks,and costumes were almost always used.Furthermore,a suitable site had to be provided for performances,and when the entire community did not participate,a clear division was usually made between the"acting area"and the"auditorium".In addition,there were performers,and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites,religious leaders usually assumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes,they often impersonated other people,animals,or supernatural beings,and mimed the desired effect---success in hunt or battle,the coming rain,the revival of the Sun---as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to this view, tales(about the hunt,war or other feats)are gradually elaborated,at first through the use of impersonation, action,and dialogue by a narrator,and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.6.What does the passage mainly discuss?A)The origins of theaterB)The role of ritual in modern danceC)The importance of storytellingD)The variety of early religious activities7.The word"they"in line4refers to______.A)seasonal changes.B)natural forces.C)theoriesD)human beings8.What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?A)The reason drama is often unpredictableB)The seasons in which dramas were performedC)The connection between myths and dramatic plotsD)The importance of costumes in early drama9.According to the passage what is the main difference between ritual and drama?A)Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.B)Ritual is shorter than drama.C)Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.D)Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.10.The passage supports which of the following statement?A)No one really knows how the theater began.B)Myths are no longer represented dramatically.C)Storytelling is an important part of dance.D)Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.Passage3Galaxies are the major building blocks of the universe.A galaxy is a giant family of many millions of stars,and it is held together by its own gravitational field.Most of the material universe is organized into galaxies of stars,together with gas and dust.There are three main types of galaxy:spiral,elliptical,and irregular.The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy:a flattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emerging from its central nucleus.About one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape.Spiral galaxies are well supplied with the interstellar gas in which new stars form;as the rotating spiral patter sweeps around the galaxy it compresses gas and dust,triggering the formation of bright young stars in its arms.The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical-or spheroidal shape with no obvious structure.Most of their member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid of interstellar gas,no new stars are forming in them.The biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are ellipticals with masses of about10²³times that of the Sun;these giants may frequently be sources of strong radio emission,in which case they are called radio galaxies.About two-thirds of all galaxies are elliptical.Irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of all galaxies and they come in many subclasses.Measurement in space is quite different from measurement on Earth.Some terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals of time:the time to fly from one continent to another or the time it takes to drive to work, for example.By comparison with these familiar yardsticks,the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large,but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration,in this case the distance that light travels in one year.On such a scale the nearest giant spiral galaxy,the Andromeda galaxy,is two million light years away.The most distant luminous objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light years away.Their light was already halfway here before the Earth even formed.The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated the animal world.11.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?A)The Milky WayB)Major categories of galaxiesC)How elliptical galaxies are formedD)Differences between irregular and spiral galaxies12.According to the passage,new stars are formed in spiral galaxies due to______.A)an explosion of gasB)the compression of gas and dustC)the combining of old starsD)strong radio emissions13.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies?A)They are the largest galaxies.B)They mostly contain old stars.C)They contain a high amount of interstellar gas.D)They have a spherical shape14.Which of the following characteristics of radio galaxies is mentioned in the passage?A)They are a type of elliptical galaxy.B)They are usually too small to be seen with a telescope.C)They are closely related to irregular galaxies.D)They are not as bright as spiral galaxies.15.Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy in the third paragraph?A)To describe the effect that distance has on visibilityB)To compare the ages of two relatively young galaxiesC)To emphasize the vast distances of the galaxies from EarthD)To explain why certain galaxies cannot be seen by a telescopePassage4Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness,its originality of perspective.Satire rarely offers original ideas.Instead,it presents the familiar in a new form.Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies.What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish,harmful,or affected.Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd;Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science;A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism.None of these ideas is original.Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes,humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley,and people were aware of famine before Swift.It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular.It was the manner of expression,the satiric method,that made them interesting and entertaining.Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art,not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive.They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions.With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives,scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition,and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.Satire exists because there is need for it.It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus,an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking,cheap moralizing,and foolish philosophy.Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth,though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see,hear,and read in popular media is sanctimonious,sentimental,and only partially true.Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it.Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them,not do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity.Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.16.What does the passage mainly discuss?A)Difficulties of writing satiric literatureB)Popular topics of satireC)New philosophies emerging from satiric literatureD)Reasons for the popularity of satire17.Why does the author mention Don Quixote,Brave New World,and A Modest Proposal in lines6-8?A)They are famous examples of satiric literature.B)They present commonsense solutions to problems.C)They are appropriate for readers of all ages.D)They are books with similar stories.18.Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?A)Newly emerging philosophiesB)Odd combinations of objects and ideasC)Abstract discussion of morals and ethicsD)Wholesome characters who are unselfish19.According to the passage,there is a need for satire because people need to be______.A)informed about new scientific developmentsB)exposed to original philosophies when they are formulatedC)reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurate.D)told how they can be of service to their communities20.As a result of reading satiric literature,readers will be most likely to______.A)teach themselves to write fictionB)accept conventional points of viewC)become better infonned about current affairsD)reexamine their opinions and valuesPassage5War may be a natura1expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger,hostility,and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence.These are all qualities that humans share with animals.Aggression is a kind of innate survival mechanism,an instinct for self-preservation,that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence.But,on the other hand,human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior.In the case of human aggression,violence can not be simply reduced to an instinct.The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior.In human societies vio1ence has a social function:It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order.Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence.We will look at the ritual and ethical patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law.The more developed a legal system becomes,the more society takes responsibility for the discovery,control,and punishment of violent acts.In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge.Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense.But in legal systems,the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused.The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence.In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment.In a state controlled legal system,individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence,and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus.While the one protects the individual from violence,the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state.In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders.War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states;it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment,allegiance,and supreme sacrifice.Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.21.Human violence shows evidence of being a1earned behavior in that______.A)it threatens the existing social systemsB)it is influenced by societyC)it has roots in religious conflictsD)it is directed against institutions of law22.The function of legal systems,according to the passage,is______.A)to control violence within a societyB)to protect the world from chaosC)to free society from the idea of revengeD)to give the government absolute power23.What does the author mean by saying"...in legal systems,the responsibility for revenge becomesdepersonalized and diffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)?A)Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B)Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C)Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D)Punishment is not dried out directly by the individuals involved.24.The world“allegiance"(Line5,Para.3)is closest in meaning to--.A)loyalty B)objective C)survival D)motive25.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A)Governments tend to abuse their supreme Power in times of warB)In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C)In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D)Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.Part II:Sentence Completion(30%)Directions:Complete the following sentences with one of the choices.Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet only.1)If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local_______.A)collisions B)combats C)contradictions D)conflicts2.I think that I committed a_______in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.A)blunder B)revenge C)reproach D)scandal3.Even when textbooks are______through a school system,methods of teaching may vary greatly.A)compulsory B)standardized C)specified D)generalized4.They have always regarded a man of______and fairness as a reliable friend.A)robustness B)temperament C)integrity D)compactness5.All individuals are required to______to the laws made by their governments.A)obey B)conform C)concede D)observe6.Diamonds have little______value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A)extinct B)permanent C)surplus D)intrinsic7.The kitchen was small and______so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.A)conventional B)compact C)compatible D)concise8.An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in society will______through the currentlaw system in Japan.A)permeate B)probe C)violate D)grope9.When he realized he had been_______to sign the contract by intrigue,he threatened to start legalproceedings to cancel the agreement.A)elicited B)excited C)deduced D)induced10.He is the only person who can_______in this case,because the other witnesses were killed mysterious1y.A)testify B)charge C)accuse D)rectify11.Professor Hawking is_______as one of the world’s greatest living physicists.A)dignified B)clarified C)acknowledged D)illustrated12.The financial problem of this company is further_______by the rise in interest rates.A)increased B)strengthened C)ruptured D)aggravated13.We shall probably never be able to_______the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.A)assert B)impart C)ascertain D)notify14.Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of_______grouping is advisable.A)homogeneous B)instantaneous C)spontaneous D)anonymous15.Even sensible men do_______things sometimes.A)abrupt B)absurd C)acute D)apt16.An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution,limit oil imports and cut the budget_______.A)disposition B)discrepancy C)defect D)deficit17.Mr.Smith became very_______when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.A)ingenious B)empirical C)objective D)indignant18.Rumours are everywhere,spreading fear,damaging reputations,and turning calm situations into______ones.A)turbulent B)tragic C)vulnerable D)suspicious19.The______cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists and philosophers alike.A)incompatible B)exceeding C)instantaneous D)eternal20.She remains confident and______untroubled by our present problems.A)indefinitely B)infinitely C)optimistically D)seemingly21.Individual freedom of thought should be more absolutely than individual freedom of action,giventhat the latter,though also desirable,must be the limits imposed by the rights and freedom of others.A)valued…superior to B)exercised…indifferent toC)protected…subject to D)assessed…measured by22.My family often found others laughable,but I learned quite early to be while people were present,laughing only later at what was funny and mocking what to us seemedA)polite…bizarre B)impatient…unfortunateC)wistful…extraordinary D)superficial…deplorable23.The fact that a theory is_______does not necessarily_______its scientific truth,which must beestablished by unbiased controlled studies.A)popular…limit B)venerable…overrideC)cohesive…Undermine D)plausible…ensure24.According to the newspaper critic,the performances at the talent contest last night_______from acceptable to excellent.A)swept B)varied C)averaged D)declined25.Speakers and listeners are often at odds:language that is easy for the receiver to understand is oftendifficult to_______,and that which is easily formulated can be hard to_______.A)estimate…confirm B)transmit…DefendC)produce…comprehend D)suppress…ignore26.The current demand for quality in the schools seems to ask not for the development of informed and activecitizens,but for disciplined and productive workers with abilities that contribute to civic life only_______ if at all.A)politically B)sensibly C)indirectly D)sequentially27.Parts of seventeenth-century Chinese pleasure gardens were not necessarily intended to look_______;they were designed expressly to evoke the agreeable melancholy resulting from a sense of the_______of natural beauty and human glory.A)cheerful…transitoriness B)colorful…abstractnessC)luxuriant…simplicity D)conventional…wildness28.At first,I found her gravity rather intimidating;but,as saw more of her,I found that_______was very near the surface.A)confidence B)laughter C)poise D)determination29.The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the_______.A)vain B)vicinity C)court D)jail30.Fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations_______.A)simultaneously B)spontaneously C)homogeneously D)contemporarily Part III:Cloze(20%)Directions:Choose the best answer to complete the following passage.Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet only.Bush today insists that he had____1___at Yale and doesn’t recall any unpleasantness.But somewhere along the way he developed a sizable chip____2_____.He would later___3____the“self-righteousness”and “intellectual superiority”of the East Coast liberal establishment that__4_____institutions like Yale in the ‘60s.As early as1964,he had a run-in with one of the avatars of the new order,the Rev.William Sloane Coffin, the Yale chaplain who had turned on his own Andover-and-Skull-and-Bones past to become a fiery radical,advising students____5___the draft.Bush bitterly___6__Coffin’s telling him,after his father had lost the1964Senate race in Texas to Ralph Yarborough,“I knew your father,and he lost to a better man.”To Bush,Coffin embodied the“heaviness”and 1.A)a great timeB)a terrible dayC)a hard timeD)a better job2.A)over his headB)on his shoulderC)on his backD)in his eyes3.A)brag forB)talk overC)carp aboutD)put up with4.A)ruled outB)took overC)dealt withD)drew on5.A)to have acceptedB)to resistC)to drawD)to hand over6.A)complainedB)advisedC)recalledD)contended“guilt”of the liberal East.At a time when Yale students agonized endlessly over what to do about the___7___,Bush does not appear to ____8____much about his own choice.___9______for Vietnam would have required an act of boldness.Seeking battle was almost unheard__10_____ undergraduates.At the same time,according to his Yale friend Roland Betts,Bush did not want to ___11_______his father.Bush Jr.took a respectable but easy way out,joining the Texas National Guard.Bush seems to have been somewhat bored and restless after college,finding only limited meaning in learning how to fly obsolete jets(F-102s)for the Texas Guard.He tangled with his father one night after driving,____12___, into some garbage cans outside their house in Washington.“Want to go mano a mano?”Bush challenged his dad. The father did not need to fight his son.The mere ____13____of the words“I’m disappointed”was ___14____to the younger Bush,who still visibly winced as he recalled his father’s quiet scorn in an interview with NEWSWEEK.Barbara Bush said that her husband often gave the children the“silent treatment”when they ___15_____,peering over his reading glasses with cold disapproval.Still,the father gave his children___16____ to grow up on their own.When George W.obtained his driver’s license,his father was willing to let him drive from Texas to Maine,despite Barbara’s strong ___17_____.The Bush children“knew their father trusted them and their mother didn’t,”Mrs.Bush archly recalled with a laugh.___18_______to make it on his own,Bush did not tell his father that he___19_____to Harvard Business School.7.A)courseB)senate raceC)universityD)draft8.A)mentionB)have talkedC)have changedD)contemplate9.A)To volunteerB)To fightC)Staying awayD)Plunging in10.A)in amongB)of amongC)in fromD)from in11.A)emotionally hurtB)academically disregardC)economically burdenD)politically embarrass12.A)drunkB)drunkardC)drinkingD)to drink13.A)soundB)utteranceC)communicationD)expression14.A)refreshingB)threateningC)warmD)chilling15.A)put in disorderB)misbehavedC)bickeredD)talked noisily16.A)a mansionB)homeC)roomD)a studio17.A)urgingB)persuasionsC)misgivingsD)acquiescence18.A)DeterminedB)RejectedC)PonderedD)understoodA.19.A)took examsThe“West Point of Capitalism”was not inundated with applicants in the anti-business early’70s,so Bush got in, ____20_____that kept him out of his first choice of grad schools,the University of Texas Law School.Bush posed as a redneck rebel at Harvard,wearing his National Guard flight jacket and cowboy boots and chewing tobacco as he sat at the back of the class.But he showed early signs of the self-discipline that would become more characteristic as time went on.B)would workC)was recommendingD)was applying20.A)with his poorperformanceB)in spite of intensivecompetitionC)despite mediocre gradesD)due to fine school recordPart IV:Literature(25%)Directions:Write down your answers to the questions on the Answer Sheet only.1.Explain the following literary terms:(10%)1)Tess of the D’urbervilles2) wrence3)Emily Dickinson4)The Beat Generation5)Mark Twain2.Answer the following questions:（15%）1)The eighteenth century witnessed English romanticism in poetry in the literary history.What are the characteristics of this literary trend?Can you mention some of the Romantic poets?(5%)2)Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner are two famous American writers.Whatcontributions do you think they have made to American literature?(5%)3)Among English and American writers,who is your favorite?Why?(5%)Part V:Linguistics(25%)Directions:Answer the following linguistic questions on the Answer Sheet only. two linguists who you think are influential.Make comments on their theories andcontribution.。

厦门大学厦大 2005年写作与英汉互译考研真题及答案解析

厦门大学2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题招生专业：英语语言文学考试科目及代码：写作与英汉互译 319研究方向：_________________注意：答案必须标明题号，按序写在专用答题纸上，写在本试卷上或草稿纸上者一律不给分。

I．Translate the following two passages into Chinese. (35 points) (45 min.)Passage 1Without union（联邦）our independence and liberty would never have been achieved; without union they never can be maintained. Divided into twenty-four, or even a smaller number, of separate communities, we shall see our internal trade burdened with numberless restraints and exactions; communication between distant points and sections obstructed or cut off; our sons made soldiers to deluge with blood the fields they now till in peace; the mass of our people borne down and impoverished by taxes to support armies and navies, and military leaders at the head of their victorious legions becoming our lawgivers and judges. The loss of liberty, of all good government, of peace, plenty, and happiness, must inevitably follow a dissolution of the Union. In supporting it, therefore, we support all that is dear to the freeman and the philanthropist.Passage 2Only those who have not studied history lose heart in great reforms; only those unread in the biography of genius imagine themselves to be original. Except in the realm of material invention, there is nothing new under the sun. There is no reform which some great soul has not dreamed of centuries ago; there is not a doctrine that some father of the Church did not set forth. The Greek philosophers and early Christian Fathers boxed the compass once for all; we may take our choice of what they have left on record. Let us then learn a wise humility, but at the same time a humble wisdom, as we remember that there are but two classes of men—one which declares that our times are the worst the world has seen, and another which claims our times as best—and he who claims this, all revelation, all science, all history witnesses is right and will be right forevermore.II．Translate the following two passages into English. (40 points) (45 min.)Passage 1不可否认，鼓浪屿是一个秀丽的风景区，但它还是一个有独特历史文化素养的地方，这些中西合壁的历史文化需要有人去传承、它的现在和将来都需要有人去建设，去发扬光大，而所有这一切，无不有赖于居住在岛上的“鼓浪屿人”去完成。

语言学期末复习题

胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题Chapter 1I. Choose the best answer. (20%)5.Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?A. TransferabilityB. DualityC. DisplacementD. Arbitrariness6.Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?—A nice day, isn’t it?— Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. EmotiveB. PhaticC. PerformativeD. InterpersonalII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)18. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time is an exa mple of the diachronic study of language.19. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.III. Fill in the blanks. (10%)nguage, broadly speaking, is a means of __________ communication.22.In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentencesbased on limited rules. This feature is usually termed __________.23. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is __________.24. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the __________theory.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)1. Design feature2. DisplacementV. Answer the following questions. (20%)35. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature?Chapter 2 Speech Sounds2.Conventionally a __________ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophoneB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are __________ of the p phoneme.A. analoguesB. tagmemesC. morphemesD. allophones8. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. [n]B. [m]C. [ b ]D. [p]10.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. V oicelessB. V oicedC. Glottal stopD. ConsonantII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)14.[p] is a voiced bilabial stop.16. All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.20. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda ratherthan the onset.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)23.The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the __________ and the lips.24.One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth.A second element is the __________ to which that part of the tongue is raised.25.Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without __________.28. __________ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors.29. __________ is the smallest linguistic unit.30. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the________ coming from the lungs.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31. Sound assimilation34. Distinctive featuresV. Answer the following questions. (20%)36.What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?Chapter 3 LexiconI. Choose the best answer. (20%)1.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.A. lexical wordsB. grammatical wordsC. function wordsD. form words2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.A. inflectionalB. freeC. boundD. derivational4. In English –ise and –tion are called __________.A. prefixesB. suffixesC. infixesD. stems7.The word TB is formed in the way of __________.A. acronymyB. clippingC. initialismD. blending9.The stem of disagreements is __________.A. agreementB. agreeC. disagreeD. disagreementII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)13.Base refers to the part of the word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed.15.Conversion from noun to verb is the most productive process of a word.18.In most cases, the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the number of morphemes.III.Fill in the blanks. (20%)25. A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to __________ class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs,adjectives and adverbs belongs to __________ class.30.Bound morphemes are classified into two types: __________ and __________.IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Blending32.Allomorph33.Closed-class wordV. Answer the following questions. (20%)35.How many types of morphemes are there in the English language? What are they? （厦门大学，2003）Chapter 4 SyntaxI.Choose the best answer. (20%)1.The sentence structure is ________.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchical9.The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to __________ construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. subordinateD. coordinateII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%).16.In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verbphrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)24.The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject isgrammatically called __________.IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Syntax32.IC analysisV.Answer the following questions. (20%)36.Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more beautiful flowers” by means of IC analysis.Chapter 5 MeaningI.Choose the best answer. (20%)5. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.A. Predication analysisB. Componential analysisC. Phonemic analysisD. Grammatical analysis6.“Alive” and “dead” are ______________.A. gradable antonymsB. relational antonymsC. complementary antonymsD. None of the above9.Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.A. homonymsB. polysemiesC. hyponymsD. synonymsII.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)12.Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while thereference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.13.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.15.Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. 17.The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)21.__________ can be defined as the study of meaning.24.Words that are close in meaning are called __________.26.__________ opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.27. __________ analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.30.According to the __________ theory of meaning, the words in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for. IV.Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31.Entailment32. Propositionponential analysis34.ReferenceV. Answer the following questions. (20%)35.What are the sense relations between the following groups of words?Dogs, cats, pets, parrots; trunk, branches, tree, roots36.What are the three kinds of antonymy?VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37.For each group of words given below, state what semantic property or properties are shared by the (a) words and the (b) words, and what semantic property or properties distinguish between the classes of (a) words and (b) words.(1) a. bachelor, man, son, paperboy, pope, chiefb. bull, rooster, drake, ram(2) a. table, stone, pencil, cup, house, ship, carb. milk, alcohol, rice, soup(3) a. book, temple, mountain, road, tractorb. idea, love, charity, sincerity, bravery, fear （青岛海洋大学，1999）Chapter Six PsycholinguisticsChapter 7 Language, Culture and SocietyI.Choose the best answer. (20%)1._______ is concerned with the social significance of language variation and language use in different speech communities.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. General linguistics2.The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its __________.A. use of wordsB. use of structuresC. accentD. morphemesII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)14. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its grammar and uses of vocabulary.15. A person’s social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)34. SociolinguisticsSapir-Whorf HypothesisV. Answer the following questions. (20%)Summarize the features of the female languageChapter 8 Language in UseI. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context2. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual3. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _________.A. constativeB. directiveC. utteranceD. expressive6. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. An illocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD. A performative act9. __________ is advanced by Paul GriceA. Cooperative PrincipleB. Politeness PrincipleC. The General Principle of Universal GrammarD. Adjacency Principle10. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.A. impolitenessB. contradictionsC. mutual understandingD. conversational implicaturesII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.12. It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered.13. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.16. The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.17. Utterances always take the form of complete sentences18. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.19. Speech act theory started in the late 50’s of the 20th century.20. Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)21. The notion of __________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.22. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an __________.23. The meaning of a sentence is __________, and decontexualized.25. __________ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.30. There are four maxims under the cooperative principle: the maxim of __________, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31. Conversational implicature32. Performative33. Locutionary act34. Q-principle (Horn)VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37. What is the function of context in communication? Try to explain the following utterances rather than just state facts.(1) The room is messy.(2) It would be good if she had a green skirt on.。

厦门大学(已有10试题)

厦门大学中文系文学理论与文学评论写作2008--2009语言文学基础2008—-2009文学2007文学基础2003——2006中西文艺理论基础2000—-2002,2004--2005文艺评论写作2000——2002中国现当代文学2000-—2006文艺理论2000—-2003，2006——2007中国文学史2001—-2002中国古代文学理论2001——2005中国文学批评史2006语言理论2004中外文学2000—-2002欧美文学与比较文学2004——2006戏剧基础知识2003—-2006文艺基础知识2003——2005美学与文艺理论2000-—2002美学与艺术概论2005语言学2008——2009历史系世界近代史2002世界现代史2002中国近现代史2003——2004世界近现代史2003——2004专门史2002经济专门史2001经济史1999—-2000中国古代史2000中国通史1999—-2002通史1999中国考古学1999-—2005考古学通论1999考古学概论2000——2002中国古代史1999——2005哲学系哲学基础理论2008—-2009中西哲学史2008——2009新闻传播系新闻与传播实务2007——2010（注：2007、2010年试卷为回忆版)新闻学与传播学基础2006——2009(注：2006——2007年试卷为回忆版）新闻业务1999——2006广告学原理1996—-1997，2001-—2002公共关系原理与实务2002中国传播史1999——2005传播学理论2001——2004传播实务2004,2006广告与公关2003（回忆版）2003年传播学复试题目人类学与民族学系人类学理论方法2003人类学概论1999—-2001，2003人类学通论2008——2009文化人类学1999--2001人类学史1999--2001民族学通论2008——2009经济系宏、微观经济学2005-—2009（2005有答案）西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003—-2004,2006，2009—2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002计划统计系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003-—2004，2006，2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002财政系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005经济学2003—-2004，2006,2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002财政学1996——1998财政学综合考试1996——1998金融系金融学基础(联考)2002-—2010（2002-—2010有答案) 货币银行学综合考试1998—-2000货币银行学1998——2000货币银行学(复试）2000国际经济与贸易系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005经济学2003--2004,2006，2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002国际贸易1998——2002经济研究所宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003——2004,2006,2009—2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002王亚南经济研究院经济学2003——2004,2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002,2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002会计系会计学2000--2005会计学综合考试2000-—2002管理学与管理经济学2003——2009（注:2005—-2007年为回忆版）企业管理专业综合考试(含人力资源管理、市场营销学）1998——2002 企业管理（含管理学、财务管理）1998—-2002企业管理系管理学与管理经济学2003—-2007（注：2005--2007年为回忆版)企业管理专业综合考试（含人力资源管理、市场营销学）1998——2002 企业管理（含管理学、财务管理)1998——2002管理科学系运筹学（管理科学系）2002——2009旅游系（无此试卷）法学院法理学与民法学2000--2006法理学1995——2002，2005-—2006法理学与民事诉讼法学2003——2006法理学与宪法学2002，2005——2010（2010为回忆版)民法学1990，1998——2002民法学与商法学2003——2006民法学与宪法学2005-—2006民法学与刑法学2007,2009—-2010（2010为回忆版）综合国际法学2003-—2005国际公法与国际私法1997—-2002国际经济法1997—-2002(国际法学专业)综合考试1997——1999（民商法学、经济法学专业）综合考试2002民事诉讼法2000—-2002商法学2003经济法学1998-—2003民事诉讼法与刑事诉讼法2003宪法学与行政法学2003刑法学与刑事诉讼法学2003，2005——2006行政法与行政诉讼法学2005-—2006政治学系政治学与公共管理学2007—-2009政治学与行政学2003——2006政治学原理2002行政学2002现代政治思想（中、西）2008-—2009公共管理系政策科学与经济学2007--2009政治学与公共管理学2007——2009政治学与行政学2003—-2006（word版本）政治学原理2002行政学2002综合考试（行政管理）2002——2006(注:无管理学部分）（word版本) 社会保障专业试题2004社会学系社会学原理2005，2008—-2009社会调查研究方法2005，2008-—2009人口研究所宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003——2004，2006，2009-2010政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002思想政治教育系政治学与公共管理学2007——2009政治学与行政学2003——2006政治学原理2002行政学2002政治学2008——2009中共党史与思想政治教育学2008——2009英文系二外法语2001，2003—-2005（注:2001年的试卷共14页,缺第4页）二外日语2003二外德语2006——2009英语基础知识2003—-2005（2005有答案）英语语言文学基础知识2002阅读及英美文学、语言学基础2003-—2009（2006-—2009有答案）（注：2006—-2009年的答案只有语言学基础部分的答案）阅读理解与英美文学基础知识1998——2000阅读理解及语言学、英美文学基础知识2001阅读与写作2002翻译与写作2003——2004写作与英汉互译2003—-2006,2009英语写作2000英汉、汉英翻译1998——2002欧洲语言文学系二外英语2003——2006，2009（2009有答案）公共外语教学部二外法语2001，2003-—2005（注：2001年的试卷共14页，缺第4页)二外日语2003二外德语2006—-2009英语基础知识2003--2005（2005有答案）英语语言文学基础知识2002阅读及英美文学、语言学基础2003——2009(2006——2009有答案）(注：2006—-2009年的答案只有语言学基础部分的答案）阅读理解与英美文学基础知识1998--2000阅读理解及语言学、英美文学基础知识2001阅读与写作2002翻译与写作2003——2004写作与英汉互译2003--2006,2009英语写作2000英汉、汉英翻译1998-—2002日本语言文学系二外英语2003—-2006，2009（2009有答案）基础日语2005-—2006综合日语2003——2006日本文学2004日本文学史2003日语语言文化2004音乐系音乐学基础2008—-2009中外音乐史2008——2009美术系设计史2007——2009设计史论2004——2006艺术概论2007——2009中外美术史2008—-2009物理系高等数学（无线电物理专业)1998，2001-—2005电子线路2001——2002,2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试] 普通物理学2002——2004,2006——2009（2006-—2007有答案)电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003——2004机电工程系自动控制原理2000-—2002，2004——2006，2008——2009模拟电路与数字逻辑2000-—2002微机原理2003-—2005微机原理及应用2000——2002电子线路2001--2002，2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试］普通物理学2002——2004，2006——2009（2006——2007有答案）电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003——2004数学科学学院综合基础Ⅱ（数学各专业）（含高等代数、抽象代数）2007,2010基础综合Ⅰ（含数学分析、实变函数、常微分方程）2005—-2006数学分析2003——2004高等代数2003化学系物理化学1990—-1991,2000—-2002，2004，2007——2009(2008有答案）高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008-—2010分析化学2008——2010无机化学2008—-2009化学工程与生物工程系高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008——2010传递过程与单元操作2008-—2009材料科学与工程系高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008-—2010材料科学基础2008-—2009基础化学2008——2010生命科学学院生物化学1999-—2001，2003--2010细胞生物学1994——2009微生物学2002——2010生物学2005普通生物学1994—-2000，2002——2003，2005生物学概论1999，2001，2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001——2010植物生态学1996——2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987——2002，2004——2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998-—2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005——2009动物生物学2003，2005,2007-—2010动物学1993——2005海洋系生物化学1999——2001,2003-—2010细胞生物学1994-—2009微生物学2002—-2010生物学2005普通生物学1994——2000,2002—-2003，2005，2008--2009 生物学概论1999，2001，2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001——2010植物生态学1996-—2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987—-2002，2004——2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998—-2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005——2009动物生物学2003,2005,2007——2010动物学1993—-2005海洋地质学2008——2009海洋管理概论2005——2009海洋科学导论2008——2009声学基础与数字电路2003——2009数学物理基础2008--2009无机化学2008——2009物理化学2008——2009环境科学中心环境评价规划与管理2001—-2009（其中2001、2002年分为规划管理与评价学两份试题）环境学导论2002—-2009环境工程学2007-2010有机化学（环境科学、环境管理专业）2002—-2006分析化学（环境科学、环境管理专业）2002——2006，2008——2009生物化学1999-—2001,2003-—2010细胞生物学1994——2009微生物学2002--2010生物学2005普通生物学1994——2000，2002——2003，2005生物学概论1999，2001,2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001—-2010植物生态学1996——2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987——2002，2004-—2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998——2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005—-2009动物生物学2003，2005，2007--2010动物学1993——2005普通物理学2008——2009计算机科学系数据结构与计算机组成原理2003——2007数据结构与高级程序设计1997—-2002（2001有答案,答案只有数据结构部分）数据结构与C语言2004操作系统与编译原理1997-—2001组成原理与汇编语言2002电子工程系高等数学(无线电物理专业）1998,2001—-2005模拟电路与数字逻辑2000——2002信号与系统2007——2008（2007有答案）电路、信号与线性系统2003—-2006,2009（2006有答案）（注：2006年试卷缺电路的题，只有信号与线性系统的题，共4页，缺第3、4页）自动控制原理2000-—2002,2004——2006,2008-—2009电子线路2001——2002，2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试］普通物理学2002—-2004，2006-—2009(2006——2007有答案）电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003—-2004光电子技术2008——2009自动化系模拟电路与数字逻辑2000——2002自动控制原理2000——2002,2004——2006，2008-—2009电子线路2001——2002，2008——2009[其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试] 普通物理学2002——2004，2006——2009(2006-—2007有答案)电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003--2004数据结构2008—-2009通信工程系信号与系统2007-—2008(2007有答案)电路、信号与线性系统2003——2006，2009(2006有答案)（注：2006年试卷缺电路的题，只有信号与线性系统的题,共4页，缺第3、4页）电子线路2001—-2002，2008--2009[其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试]医学院生物医学研究院药物化学2008-—2009有机化学（医）2008-—2009生物化学2007——2009物理化学(医学院）2010生理学2010建筑系建筑设计2001——2002中外建筑历史2001——2002，2008——2009概念性快速建筑设计2008——2009建筑技术概论2008—-2009土木系材料力学2008——2009结构力学2008-—2009南洋研究院国际政治2003-—2009国际关系史2003——2009宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010经济学2003——2004,2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002台湾研究院宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010经济学2003-—2004，2006,2009—2010西方经济学2002，2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002 政治学与行政学2004——2005（缺案例分析）中西文艺理论基础2000-—2002，2004—-2005 文艺评论写作2000-—2002中国现当代文学2000--2005文学基础2003——2004中外文学2000—-2002世界近代史2002世界现代史2002中国古代史2000通史1999中国近现代史2002——2004世界近现代史2003——2004现代政治思想（中、西）2008--2009教育研究院普通心理学1986-—1988,2000-—2005普通教育学2000——2005教育学1985,1987——1988高等教育学专业综合考试1985——1987心理学1985，1987发展心理学与教育心理学1987—-1988 中外教育史、比较教育学1999—-2001。

语言学概论试题答案

语言学概论试题答案一、选择题1. 语言学是一门研究人类语言的学科，其研究对象是（B）。

A. 人类思维B. 人类语言C. 人类文化D. 人类行为2. 语音学是语言学的一个重要分支，它主要研究的是（C）。

A. 语法B. 词汇C. 声音系统D. 语义3. 语言学家关注的语言现象有哪些特征？（A）A. 具有普遍性、可刺激性、可被学得性、可被忘却性B. 具有多样性、诸变性、一致性、可被听说性C. 具有多样性、可被了解性、可被学得性、可被传承性D. 具有多样性、可刺激性、可被了解性、可被掌握性4. 语言是人类思维的外在表现，它的特点包括（B）。

A. 符号性、逻辑性、经验性、情感性B. 音素性、词汇性、语法性、交际性C. 语音性、声调性、音节性、语义性D. 文化性、习得性、传承性、社会性5. 语言学的研究方法主要包括哪些方面？（D）A. 观察法、统计法、实验法、调查法B. 比较法、分析法、综合法、实证法C. 形态法、句法法、语义法、语用法D. 理论法、实证法、历时法、内在法二、简答题1. 什么是语音学？简述语音学的基本研究对象。

语音学是语言学的一个分支学科，主要研究的是语言中声音的产生、传播和感知机制。

它研究的基本对象是语音。

语音是一种由声音信号组成的符号系统，通过声音的不同组合和规则，人们能够进行语言的交际和沟通。

2. 语言学的研究范围包括哪些方面？简要描述其中两个方面的内容。

语言学的研究范围涵盖了语音、词汇、语法、语义和语用等多个方面。

其中语音学主要研究语言中的声音系统，通过研究语音的音素、音位和音系等要素来揭示其规律和变化。

而语法学研究语言中的句子构成和组合规律，包括短语结构、词类、句法关系等内容。

三、论述题语言作为人类最为基本的交流工具和思维表达方式，对于人类社会和文化的发展起到了重要的作用。

语言学作为一门学科，对于深入研究和探索语言的本质和规律具有重要意义。

首先，语言学研究语言的普遍性和多样性。

语言在世界各地的人类社会中普遍存在，但不同语言之间又表现出多样性。

厦大外文系英语语言文学真题回忆外国语言学及应用语言学同试题完整版

厦大外文系英语语言文学真题回忆外国语言学及应用语言学同试题集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]2017厦大外文系050201英语语言文学真题回忆二外法语：一.选择题（20小题，每题1分）：4选1二.近义词选择（10小题，每题1分）：根据句子中划线的词或者词组，选择最切近的选项，4选1三.人称代词填空（10小题，每小题分）四.对划线部分进行代词替换，并把直陈式改为命令式（5小题，每题1分）五.对句子中的划线部分，进行提问（5小题，每题1分）六.篇章时态填空（10空，每空1分）：篇章选自 Jack London 的作品（法语译作）七.阅读（1篇，9小题选择题，4选1；1小题根据划线语句写出中文意思。

共10分）文章内容：以法语写作的科技文章的衰落八.翻译，法翻中（3道题，总共15分）：出自阅读中的原文片段九.翻译，中翻法（3道题，总共15分）1.汉字是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是世界上使用人数最多的语言。

汉字的数量很大。

大约总共有60,000个汉字，其中常用字6,000个。

年前，中国工业主要集中于大连、天津、沈阳、青岛、上海、广州等东部沿海城市。

而除了武汉、重庆等几个大城市外，中西部的工业水平都非常低。

3.周恩来是一位出色的政治家、外交家，也是中国共产党的重要领导。

每一次他出现在外交场合，都会给热爱和平的人们带来希望。

他的出现象征着成功与胜利。

专业课一（翻译、写作）：一.翻译，中译英1.古文翻译（20分）出自韩愈《祭十二郎文》呜呼！吾少孤，及长，不省所怙，惟兄嫂是依。

中年，兄殁南方，吾与汝俱幼，从嫂归葬河阳。

既又与汝就食江南。

零丁孤苦，未尝一日相离也。

吾上有三兄，皆不幸早世。

承先人后者，在孙惟汝，在子惟吾。

两世一身，形单影只。

嫂尝抚汝指吾而言曰："韩氏两世，惟此而已！"汝时尤小，当不复记忆。

吾时虽能记忆，亦未知其言之悲也。

2.社科翻译（20分）类似政府工作报告中国自古奉行和平外交政策。

语言学考试题

语言学考试题一、选择题1. 下列哪个是语言学的基本研究对象？A. 数字B. 文字C. 语言D. 音乐2. 哪位学者提出了语言功能理论？A. #德维特B. 萨普尔斯C. 赫尔德D. #哈尔德格尔3. 语言学的分类方法通常可以分为几大类？A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 24. “语言符号”中包括哪些要素？A. 声音B. 符号C. 拼写D. A、B5. 在语法范畴中，“动宾关系”是指什么？A. 主语和谓语之间的语法关系B. 主语和宾语之间的语法关系C. 宾语和谓语之间的语法关系D. 主语和动词之间的语法关系二、填空题6. 语言学中研究音素的学科是---。

7. 没有逻辑意义的音节称为---。

8. 语音学的基本单位是---。

9. 下列哪个不是语言学的分支学科？10. 一种语言中声母、韵母和声调三者综合的组合称为---。

三、简答题11. 请简要说明音韵学和语音学的区别。

12. 什么是“方言”，方言和语言的关系是什么？13. 什么是语法，语法的作用是什么？14. “文字和语言的关系”是语言学中一个重要问题，请简述你对这个问题的理解。

15. 请简要介绍语言学的研究方法有哪些？四、论述题16. 语言是人类最重要的交流工具之一，请说明语言对个体和社会的重要性。

17. 语言学的发展历程是怎样的？过去、现在和未来的语言学会有怎样的发展趋势？18. 请解释语言与文化之间的关系，并谈谈语言多样性对世界文化的重要影响。

以上便是本次语言学考试题的全部内容，请同学们认真地完成每一道题目，祝大家取得优异的成绩！。

计算语言学厦大应用语言学

深度学习模型
利用深度学习模型，如卷积神经网络（CNN）和循环神经网络（RNN），对文本进行情感分析和意见挖掘。
方面级情感分析
针对特定方面或属性进行情感分析，如产品评价中的性能、外观等方面。
机器翻译技术进展与挑战
神经机器翻译
基于深度学习的神经机器翻译模型，如Transformer和Seq2Seq，实现了更高的翻译质量和效率。
• 深度学习技术融合：随着深度学习技术的不断发展，未来计算语言学将更加注重与深度学习技术的融合，利用神经网络模型强大的特征提取和学习能力，提高自然语言处理的效果和效率。
• 知识图谱与语义理解：知识图谱作为一种重要的知识表示和推理工具，将在未来计算语言学中发挥越来越重要的作用。结合知识图谱和语义理解技术，可以实现更加准确、全面的自然语言理解和分析。
认知科学对语言生成的影响
认知科学研究人类如何获取、存储、处理和运用知识的科学，对计算语言学在语言生成方面提供了重要的启示。例如，认知语言学将语言视为一种认知活动，关注语言与认知、文化等因素的相互作用，为自然语言生成提供了更广阔的研究视角。
人工智能技术在教育、出版等领域应用
人工智能技术在教育领域的应用
计算语言学厦大应用语言学
目录
• 引言 • 计算语言学基础理论 • 应用语言学实践案例分析 • 跨领域合作与交叉研究趋势 • 挑战与未来发展方向 • 总结回顾与展望未来
01
引言
计算语言学与应用语言学关系
计算语言学是应用语言学的一个分支，它利用计算机技术和方法来研究自然语言处理（NLP）问题。
多模态数据处理与跨媒体智能
多模态数据处理
多模态数据处理是指处理包含文本、图像、音频、视频等多种模态的数据。在计算语言学中，多模态数据处理可以帮助我们更全面地理解语言信息，例如通过图像和文本的结合来识别情感、场景等。

计算语言学-厦大应用语言

评估指标：准确率、召回率、F1值等。
分析结果
基于规则的方法在特定领域表现较好，但泛化能力较差。
基于统计的方法具有较好的泛化能力，但需要大量标注数据进行训练。
深度学习方法能够自动学习句子的深层特征，具有更好的性能表现。
05
语义理解与信息抽取
词汇语义表示和消歧技术
词汇语义表示
研究如何将自然语言中的词汇映射到计算机可理解的语义空间，包括词义表示、词向量表示等方法。
词法分析方法
词法分析方法主要分为基于规则的方法和基于统计的方法。基于规则的方法依赖于人工编写的规则，而基于统计的方法则利用机器学习算法从大量语料库中学习规则和模式。
词性标注任务及实现方法
词性标注任务
词性标注是词法分析的核心任务之一，旨在为文本中的每个单词标注其词性标签，如名词、动词、形容词等。词性标注对于句法分析和语义理解等任务至关重要。
计算语言学-厦大应用语言
目录
• 引言 • 基础知识与方法 • 词法分析与词性标注 • 句法分析与依存关系解析 • 语义理解与信息抽取 • 情感分析与观点挖掘 • 总结与展望
01
引言
计算语言学定义与发展
计算语言学定义
计算语言学是语言学、计算机科学和人工智能等多学科交叉融合的产物，旨在运用计算机技术和方法来研究自然语言及其处理。
技术原理
观点挖掘是一种从文本中抽取人们对某个主题、事件或产品的看法和态度的技术。它通常涉及文本预处理、特征提取、情感词典构建和机器学习算法等步骤。
VS
实现方法
观点挖掘的实现方法包括基于规则的方法、基于统计的方法和深度学习方法等。其中，基于深度学习的方法在近年来取得了显著进展，如卷积神经网络（CNN）和循环神经网络（RNN）等模型在观点挖掘任务中表现出色。

(050211)外国语言学及应用语言学

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线
是否有博
士点
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语言学全部习题

语言学全部习题1. 简答题（每题10分，共30分）1) 什么是语言学？语言学是研究语言的科学，包括语音学、词法学、句法学、语义学、语用学等不同的分支。

它关注语言的结构、用法、演变以及和思维、社会和文化之间的关系。

2) 语言的基本要素包括哪些？语言的基本要素包括语音、词汇、句法、语义和语用。

语音研究发音和音系，词汇研究词的形态和词义，句法研究语言的句子结构，语义研究词和句的含义，语用研究语言的使用和交际。

3) 语音学和音系学有何区别？语音学研究语言中的语音现象，包括语音的产生、传播和感知等方面。

音系学研究语言中的音素系统，即语言中所有可能出现的音位和它们的组合规则。

2. 选择题（每题10分，共40分）1) 下列哪个不属于语言的基本要素？A. 语音B. 词汇C. 句法D. 语文答案：D2) 以下哪个学科不是语言学的分支？A. 语音学B. 语用学C. 数学D. 词法学答案：C3) 语音学主要研究哪方面的内容？A. 词义B. 词形C. 词语的使用D. 语音的产生和感知答案：D4) 以下哪个不是语言学的研究对象？A. 词汇表B. 句子结构C. 语言和思维的关系D. 社会语言规范答案：A3. 简答题（每题10分，共30分）1) 什么是语言的演变？语言的演变是指语言在使用过程中，由于多种因素的影响，其语音、词汇、句法等方面发生变化和发展。

语言的演变是一个长期的、渐进的过程，涉及到语言交流者的语言习惯、语音产生的方式、语法规则的改变等方面的变化。

2) 语言和思维之间有何关系？语言和思维之间有密切的关系。

一方面，语言是人类思维的表达工具，通过语言的运用，人们能够将思维中的概念、情感和意图等传递给他人。

另一方面，语言也影响思维的方式和内容。

语言结构和词汇的差异会影响人们的思维方式，不同语言对概念的划分和认知方式可能会有所不同。

3) 什么是语言交际？语言交际指的是人们通过语言进行沟通和交流的过程。

语言交际包括语言的使用、理解和解释，以及交流中的非语言行为和语境等因素。

2021厦门大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研参考书真题经验

厦门大学——外国语言学及应用语言学有的人可以通过高考的精彩发挥而成功，也有的会因为考研的发挥超常而逆袭。

我便是属于后者，因为高考失利没有去到自己的喜欢的学校，不过还好考研成就了我的梦想，在这里我想分享一下自己的经验，希望可以给备考的你做个参考。

首先先来介绍一下我报考的专业，厦大的外国语言学及应用语言学是外国语言文学下设的一个二级学科，研究方向有三个，分别是：英语应用语言学、英美文学叙事学、欧美文化。

初试考试科目为：①101思想政治理论②242俄语（二外）或243日语（二外）或244法语（二外）或245德语（二外）③708写作与英汉互译④814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础。

初试专业课备考参考书目推荐如下：708 写作与英汉互译《英汉翻译教程》杨士焯，北京大学出版社，《英译汉教程》连淑能，高等教育出版社，《英汉对比研究》连淑能，高等教育出版社，《英汉比较翻译教程》，魏志成编著，清华大学出版社，2004年《新编汉英翻译教程》陈宏薇主编，上海外语教育出版社，2004年《笔译理论与技巧》何刚强编著，外语教学与研究出版社，2009年《英译中国现代散文选》张培基，上海外语教育出版社《厦门大学708写作与英汉互译考研专业课复习全书》（含真题与答案）814 阅读及英美文学、语言学基础《英国文学选读》王守仁，高等教育出版社，《美国文学选读》陶洁，高等教育出版社，《英国文学简史》刘炳善（因为陈嘉那本书据说不好找且内容太厚），河南人民出版社《A History of English Literature》陈嘉，商务印书馆《美国文学简史》常耀信，南开大学出版社或其他高校使用的英美文学史及选读教材《语言学教程》胡壮麟，北京大学出版社《语言学概论》杨信彰，高等教育出版社，《厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研专业课复习全书》（含真题与答案解析）要想攻克考研专业课这一大难关，啃书才是硬道理。

各位要考研的小可爱们一定要好好规划。

厦大学科学位点(2005.10)

法律系
法学
政治学
030201
政治学理论☆
政治系
030202
中外政治制度
台湾所、政治系
030203
科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动
政治系
030204
中共党史(含：党的学说与党的建设)
″
030205
马克思主义理论与思想政治教育
″
030206
国际政治
政治系、台湾所
030207
国际关系
政治系、南洋院
法学
社会学
细胞生物学
071010
生物化学与分子生物学
071011
生物物理学
071012
生态学
工学
环境科学与工程
083001
环境科学
083002
环境工程
管理学
管理科学与工程(可授予工学)
1201
门类
一级学科
专业代码
学科、专业名称
管理学
工商管理
120201
会计学
120202
企业管理(含：财务管理、
市场营销、人力资源管理)
经济系、南洋所
020106
人口、资源与环境经济学
人口所
经济学
应用经济学
020201
国民经济学
计统系
020202
区域经济学
台湾所、经济所
020203
财政学(含税收学)☆
财政系
020204
金融学(含保险学)☆
金融系
020205
产业经济学
经济所
020206
国际贸易学
国贸系
020208
统计学☆
计统系
020209
数量经济学

厦大05-07历年报考录取数据

4
3
343
8
4
346
8
1
372
专门史
12
7
321
19
4
335
17
8
345
教育研究院
教育研究院
教育学原理
15
3
346
课程与教学论
10
2
332
26
2
330
24
4
344
教育史
6
2
351
11
2
359
10
2
341
比较教育学
49
8
325
28
2
346
16
3
352
高等教育学
146
15
321
169
15
331
86
19
341
367
管理学院
会计系
会计学
508
85
332
696
104
356
664
107
355
企业管理系
企业管理
627
54
330
694
84
356
726
49
355
财务学
137
27
356
工商中心
MBA
764
245
175
775
240
180
754
230
180
管理科学系
系统工程
20
4
336
27
5
347
管理科学与工程
51
9
354
305
材料学
54