加里森管理会计讲义笔记英文版最新精品GNB_16e_CH12_LectureNotes
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch12
Automobile Costs (based on 10,000 miles driven per year)
Annual Cost
of Fixed Items
1 Annual straight-line depreciation on car $
2,800
2 Cost of gasoline
3 Annual cost of auto insurance and license
1,380
4 Maintenance and repairs
2,800
2 Cost of gasoline
3 Annual cost of auto insurance and license
1,380
4 Maintenance and repairs
5 Parking fees at school
360
6 Total average cost
Cost per
$ 0.026 $ 104
???? $ 40
???? ???? $ 25
Identifying Relevant Costs – Part 1
加里森管理会计讲义笔记英文版最新精品GNB_16e_CH06_LectureNotes
Chapter 6
Lecture Notes
Chapter theme: Two general approaches are used for valuing inventories and cost of goods sold. One approach, called absorption costing , is generally used for external reporting purposes. The other approach, called variable costing , is preferred by some managers for internal decision making and must be used when an income statement is prepared in the contribution format . This chapter shows how these two methods differ from each other. It also explains how to create segmented contribution format income statements.
I. Overview of variable and absorption costing
Learning Objective 1: Explain how variable costing differs from absorption costing and compute unit product costs
加里森管理会计讲义笔记英文版最新精品GNB_16e_CH13_LectureNotes
Chapter 13
Lecture Notes
Chapter theme: The term capital budgeting is used to describe how managers plan significant cash outlays on projects that have long-term implications such as the purchase of new equipment and the introduction of new products. This chapter describes four methods for making these types of investment decisions —the payback
method , the net present value method , the internal rate of return method , and the simple rate of return method . I. Capital budgeting – an overview
A. Typical capital budgeting decisions
i. Capital budgeting analysis can be used for any decision that involves an outlay now in order to obtain some future return. Typical capital
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch13
Which project has the shortest payback period?
a. Project X
b. Project Y • Projce.cCt Xanhnaostabpeaydbeatecrkmpienreiodd of 2 years.
• All cash flows generated by an investment project are immediately reinvested at a rate of return equal to the discount rate.
The Net Present Value Method – Part 3
When the annual net cash inflow is the same
each year, this formula can be used to compute
the payback period:
Payback period =
Investment required Annual net cash inflow
•Net Present Value
the cash flows associated with
capital investment
•Internal Rate of Return
加里森管理会计讲义笔记英文版最新精品GNB_16e_CH04_LectureNotes
Chapter 4
Lecture Notes
Chapter theme: Managers need to assign costs to products to facilitate external financial reporting and internal decision making. This chapter illustrates an absorption costing approach to calculating product costs known as process costing .
I. Comparison of job-order and process c osting
A. Similarities between job-order and process costing
i. Both systems assign material , labor, and
overhead costs to products and they provide a mechanism for computing unit product costs.
ii. Both systems use the same manufacturing accounts,
including Raw Materials, Work in Process,
Manufacturing Overhead, and Finished Goods . iii. The flow of costs through the manufacturing
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch13A
Compound Interest – Example – Part 1
What if the $108 was left in the bank for a second year? How much would the
Quick Check 2a
If the interest rate is 14%, how much would
you have to put in the bank today so as to be
able to withdraw $100 at the end of each of
the next five years?
The Mathematics of Interest – Example – Part 1
Assume a bank pays 8% interest on a $100 deposit made today. How much will
the $100 be worth in one year?
Present Value – Example – Part 4
$100 × 0.797 = $79.72 present value
Periods 1 2 3 4 5
10% 0.909 0.826 0.751 0.683 0.621
加里森管理会计第16版最新英文版配套Excel习题Chapter_13_Applying_Excel
$
-
2,960
*Use the formulas from Appendix 13B: Present value of $1 = 1/(1+r)^n Present value of an annuity of $1 = (1/r)*(1(1/(1+r)^n)) where n is the number of years and r is the discount rate
3147426106.xls
Chapter 13: Applying Excel
Data Example E Cost of equipment needed Working capital needed Overhaul of equipment in four years Salvage value of the equipment in five years Annual revenues and costs: Sales revenues Cost of goods sold Out-of-pocket operating costs Discount rate
Page 1
3147426106.xls
5 $ 255,000 $ (160,000) $ (50,000) $ 53,410 $ 80,000 $ 178,410
0.519 $ 92,595
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch12A
Direct materials Direct labor Variable manufacturing overhead Fixed manufacturing overhead Unit product cost
Per Unit
$
6
4
3
7
$ 20
($70,000 ÷10,000 units = $7 per unit)
Cost-Plus Pricing
Companies frequently use a pricing approach where they markup cost. A product’s markup is the difference between its selling price and its cost and is usually expressed as a percentage of cost.
加里森管理会计第16版最新英文版配套Excel习题Chapter_1_Applying_Excel
Chapter 1: Applying Excel
Data
Sales$12,000
Variable costs:
Cost of goods sold$6,000
Variable selling$600
Variable administrative$400
Fixed costs:
Fixed selling$2,500
Fixed administrative$1,500
Enter a formula into each of the cells
marked with a ? below
Exhibit 1-7
Traditional Format Income
Statement
Sales $ 12,000 Cost of goods sold 6,000 Gross margin 6,000 Selling and administrative expenses:
Selling $ 3,100 Administrative 1,900 5,000 Net operating income $ 1,000 Contribution Format Income
Statement
Sales $ 12,000 Variable expenses:
Cost of goods sold $ 6,000
Variable selling 600
Variable administration 400 7,000 Contribution margin 5,000 Fixed expenses:
Fixed selling 2,500
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch04A
Assembly Department Cost of Ending WIP Inventory
Materials Conversion
Equivalent Units in Ending WiP Inventory
900 × 60%
Step 1: Compute the Equivalent Units of Production – FIFO Method – Part 6
Conversion
6,000 Units Started
Beginning Work in Process
300 Units 20% Complete
5,400
Work in process, June 30
900
60%
30%
Step 1: Compute the Equivalent Units of Production – FIFO Method – Part 2
Equivalent units needed to complete beginning WIP inventory Materials: 300 units × (100% - 40%)
Costs added to production in June Materials cost Conversion cost
$ 118,621 $ 81,130
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch09
Let’s look at Larry’s Lawn Service.
Deficiencies of the Static Planning Budget – Part 1
What should the total wages and salaries cost be in a flexible budget for 600 lawns?
a. $18,000.
b. $20,000. Total wages and salaries cost
c. $23,000. d. $25,000.
Larry’s Actual Results Compared with the Planning Budget
Deficiencies of the Static Planning Budget – Part 5
Larry’s Actual Results Compared with the Planning Budget F = Favorable variance that occurs when actual
An activity variance arises solely due to the difference in the actual level of activity and the level of activity included in the planning budget.
加里森第十四版管理会计课后题答案CH06
加里森第十四版管理会计课后题答案CH06
Chapter 6
Variable Costing and Segment Reporting: Tools for Management Solutions to Questions
6-1 Absorption and variable costing differ in how they handle fixed manufacturing overhead. Under absorption costing, fixed manufacturing overhead is treated as a product cost and hence is an asset until products are sold. Under
variable costing, fixed manufacturing overhead is treated as a period cost and is expensed on the current period’s income statement. 6-2 Selling and administrative expenses are treated as period costs under both variable costing and absorption costing.
6-3 Under absorption costing, fixed
manufacturing overhead costs are included in product costs, along with direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead. If some of the units are not sold by the end of the period, then they are carried into the next period as inventory. When the units are finally sold, the fixed manufacturing overhead cost that has been carried over with the units is included as part of that period’s cost of goods sold. 6-4 Absorption costing advocates argue that absorption costing does a better job of matching costs with revenues than variable costing. They argue that all manufacturing costs must be assigned to products to properly match the costs of producing units of product with the revenues from the units when they are sold. They believe that no distinction should be made between variable and fixed manufacturing costs for the purposes of matching costs and revenues. 6-5 Advocates of variable costing argue that fixed
管理会计第十二版 全英课件 appendix A
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright 2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A-9
Price Elasticity of Demand
For Nature's Garden apple-almond shampoo. appleln(1 + % change in quantity sold) d = ln(1 + % change in price) d = ln(1 + (-0.15)) ln(1 + (0.10)) ln(0.85) = -1.71 ln(1.10)
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
$ $
2.00 2.82 4.82
Copyright 2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
A-14
The Profit-Maximizing Price
Now let's turn to the profit-maximizing price for the profitstrawberry glycerin soap sold by Nature's Garden. The soap has a variable cost per unit of $0.40.
Price elasticity of demand = -1.71 Profit-maximizing markup = on variable cost -1.71 -1.71 +1
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch03A
Sapphire Company Example – Part 4
The final transactions include: h. Manufacturing overhead applied to production, $102,500. This amount was computed by multiplying 4,100 direct laborhours worked in January by the predetermined overhead rate of $25 per direct labor-hour. i. Cost of goods manufactured, $235,000. j. Cash sales, $320,000. k. Cost of goods sold, $245,000. l. Cash payments to creditors, $92,000. m. Close overapplied overhead of $5,700 to cost of goods sold.
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch04
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Manufacturing Overhead
Work in Process
Finished Goods
Cost of Goods Sold
The Flow of Materials, Labor, and Overhead Costs – Part 2
Work in Process - Department A Work in Process - Department B
Raw Materials
XXXXX XXXXX
XXXXX
The Flow of Labor Costs: T-Account Form
Salaries and Wages Payable
Transfers from Work In Process-Dept. A to Work In Process-Dept. B: Journal Entry Form
Once processing has been completed in a department, the units are transferred to the next department for further processing.
Finished Goods
Manufacturing Overhead
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch10B
Calculating the Variances – Overhead
Fixed overhead budget variance: Fixed overhead budget variance = Actual FOH – Budgeted FOH Fixed overhead budget variance = $54,000 - $55,250 Fixed overhead budget variance = $1,250 F
Dexter Company Income Statement For Year Ended 12/31/17 (dollars in thousands)
Sales Cost of goods sold at standard Total variance adjustments Cost of goods sold Gross margin
Summary of Transactions – Part 1
During the year, Dexter Company completed the following transactions: a) Purchased 19,000 pounds of raw material for cash at a price of $5.75 per pound. b) Added 20,150 pounds of raw material to work in process to produce 6,500 units. c) Assigned direct labor costs to work in process. The direct laborers (who were paid in cash) worked 6,700 hours at an average cost of $16.50 per hour to manufacture 6,500 units. d) Applied fixed overhead to work in process 6,500 units at $8.50 per unit, or $55,250. Actual fixed overhead costs for the year were $54,000. Of this total, $21,000 related to items such as insurance, utilities, and indirect labor salaries that were all paid in cash and $33,000 related to depreciation of manufacturing equipment. e) Transferred 6,500 units from work in process to finished goods. f) Sold (for cash) 6,000 units to customers at a price of $70.00 per unit. g) Transferred the standard cost associated with the 6,000 units sold from finished goods to cost of goods sold. h) Paid $25,000 of selling and administrative expenses. i) Closed all standard cost variances to cost of goods sold.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Chapter 12
Lecture Notes
Chapter theme: Making decisions is one of the basic functions of a manager. To be successful in decision making, managers must be able to perform differential analysis, which focuses on identifying the costs and
benefits that differ between alternatives. The purpose of this chapter is to develop these skills by illustrating their use in a wide range of decision-making situations.
Learning Objective 1: Identify relevant and irrelevant costs and benefits in a decision.
I. Decision making: six key concepts
A. Key concept #1
i. Every decision involves choosing from among at
least two alternatives. Therefore, the first step in
decision-making is to define the alternatives being
considered .
B. Key concept #2
i. Once you have defined the alternatives, you need
to identify the criteria for choosing among them.
1. Relevant costs and relevant benefits should
be considered when making decisions.
2. Irrelevant costs and irrelevant benefits
should be ignored when making decisions.
i.
The key to effective decision making is differential analysis—focusing on the future costs and benefits that differ between the alternatives. Everything else is irrelevant and should be ignored.
1.A future cost that differs between any two
alternatives is known as a differential cost.
Differential costs are always relevant costs. 2.Future revenue that differs between any two
alternatives is known as differential revenue.
3.An incremental cost is an increase in cost
between two alternatives.
4.An avoidable cost is a cost that can be
eliminated by choosing one alternative over
another.
D.Key concept #4
i.Sunk costs are always irrelevant when choosing
among alternatives.
1.A sunk cost is a cost that has already been
incurred and cannot be changed regardless of
what a manager decides to do.
E.Key concept #5
i.Future costs and benefits that do not differ
between alternatives are irrelevant to the
decision-making process.
i. Opportunity costs also need to be considered when making decisions.
1. An opportunity cost is the potential benefit
that is given up when one alternative is selected
over another.
II. Identifying relevant costs and benefits
A. An example
i. Assume the following information with respect to Cynthia, a Boston student who is considering
visiting her friend in New York. Cynthia is trying
to decide whether it would be less expensive to
drive or take the train to New York.
1. She has assembled the following information
with respect to her automobile.
2. She has also gathered the additional
information as shown to aid in her decision.
3. Which costs are relevant to her decision?
a. The cost of the car is irrelevant to the
decision because it is a sunk cost.
b. The annual cost of auto insurance is
irrelevant because it does not differ
between alternatives.
c. The cost of the gasoline is relevant because
it is avoidable if she takes the train.