2019-2020年高三上学期第二次周练生物试题 含答案

2019-2020年高三上学期第二次周练生物试题含答案1.在蒸馏过程中，要提高产品质量，应该采取的措施是 ( )A. 提高蒸馏温度，延长蒸馏时间B. 提高蒸馏温度，缩短蒸馏时间C. 降低蒸馏温度，缩短蒸馏时间D. 降低蒸馏温度，延长蒸馏时间2．下列操作过程的叙述中错误的是 ( )A. PCR实验中使用的微量离心管、枪头、缓冲液以及蒸馏水等在使用前必须进行高压灭菌B. PCR所用的缓冲液和酶应分装成小份，并在－20℃储存C. PCR所用的缓冲液和酶从冰箱拿出之后，迅速融化D. 在微量离心管中添加反应成分时，每吸取一种试剂后，移液器上的枪头都必须更换3．如图为胡萝卜的离体组织在一定条件下培育形成试管苗的过程示意图。

下列有关叙述正确的是( )A．①和②过程中都会发生细胞的增殖和分化B．在利用单倍体育种法培育优质小麦的过程中，不经过愈伤组织阶段C．此过程依据的生物学原理是细胞膜具有流动性D．利用此过程获得的试管苗可能为杂合子4．下列关于DNA和血红蛋白的提取与分离实验的叙述中，错误的是( )A．可用蒸馏水涨破细胞的方法从猪的红细胞中提取到DNA和蛋白质B．用不同浓度的NaCl溶液反复溶解与析出DNA可除去部分杂质C．透析法分离蛋白质的依据是蛋白质不能通过半透膜D．凝胶色谱法是根据相对分子质量的大小来分离蛋白质的有效方法5．根据植物芳香油提取的相关知识，回答下列问题：(1)玫瑰精油的提取可使用如图所示装置，这种方法叫____________法；蒸馏时收集的蒸馏液________________(填“是”或“不是”)纯的玫瑰精油，原因是____________________________。

进水口是图中的________(填图中的编号)。

(2)柠檬芳香油的提取常用________法。

(3)胡萝卜素是________色的结晶。

从胡萝卜中提取胡萝卜素常用________ 法，常用做溶剂的为________________(填“水溶性有机溶剂”或“水不溶性有机溶剂”)。

xKb 1.C om 6．某生物兴趣小组在“蛋白质的提取和分离”实验中，准备从猪的血液中初步提取血红蛋白，设计的“血红蛋白提取、分离流程图”如下：请回答下列有关问题：(1)样品处理中红细胞的洗涤要用____________________________反复冲洗、离心。

向红细胞悬液中加入一定量的低浓度pH＝7.0的缓冲液并充分搅拌，可以破碎红细胞，破碎细胞的原理是______________________。

(2)血红蛋白粗分离阶段，透析的目的是______________________，若要尽快达到理想的透析效果，可以____________________(写出一种方法)。

(3)电泳利用了待分离样品中各种分子的__________________________________等的差异，而产生不同迁移速度，实现各种分子的分离。

(4)一同学通过血红蛋白醋酸纤维薄膜电泳，观察到正常人和镰刀型细胞贫血症患者的血红蛋白电泳结果如图所示。

由图可知携带者有________种血红蛋白，从分子遗传学的角度作出的解释是________________________________________。

7．下图是月季的花药离体培养产生花粉植株的两种途径，请据图回答有关问题：(1)选用的材料合适与否是能否成功诱导出花粉植株的关键。

一般来说，选用________期的花粉可提高成功率。

选择花药时，一般要通过________来确定其中的花粉是否处于合适的发育期，这时需要对花粉的细胞核进行染色，常用的染色剂是________。

(2)上图中花粉经脱分化产生胚状体还是愈伤组织主要取决于培养基中_______________________________________________。

(3)胚状体与愈伤组织在结构上的主要区别在于愈伤组织的细胞排列疏松、无规则，是一种高度________的薄壁细胞，胚状体与________发育形成的胚有类似的结构，即具有胚芽、胚轴和胚根。

(4)试管苗移栽到土壤前，通常要进行壮苗处理，应如何壮苗？_________________________________________________________。

8．PCR是一种体外快速扩增DNA的方法，用于放大特定的DNA片段，数小时内可使目的基因片段扩增到数百万个。

PCR需要模板DNA、引物、脱氧核苷酸和DNA聚合酶等条件。

下图为模板DNA分子及2种引物，请据图回答相关问题：(1)PCR的全称是______________________。

PCR与体内DNA复制的不同之外主要表现在温度环境的不同，在PCR技术中先用95℃高温处理的目的是________________，而这一过程在细胞内是通过________________实现的。

(2)在PCR技术中所需要的引物实质上是一种__________________。

请在图中绘出引物结合的位置。

(3)若将1个DNA分子拷贝10次，则需要在缓冲液中至少加入____________个引物。

(4)DNA子链复制的方向是________，这是由于___________________________________________________。

答案：1. D2． C3． D4． A5． (1)水蒸气蒸馏' 不是' 玫瑰精油随水蒸气一起蒸馏出来，所得到的是油水混合物'③'(2)压榨'(3)橘黄'萃取'水不溶性有机溶剂6． (1)生理盐水'渗透原理(当外界溶液浓度低于动物细胞内液浓度时，细胞吸水涨破)(2)除去小分子杂质'增加缓冲液的量或及时更换缓冲液(3)带电性质以及分子大小、形状(4)2'携带者具有(控制血红蛋白的)一对等位基因，可以控制合成两种不同的蛋白质7． (1)单核镜检(显微镜观察) 醋酸洋红 (2)激素的种类及其浓度配比(3)液泡化正常受精卵(或受精卵) (4)将试管苗移栽到经过消毒的培养基中生活一段时间，等幼苗长壮后再移栽到土壤中8． (1)多聚酶链式反应使DNA变性(使DNA的两条链解开) 解旋酶的催化(2)单链DNA或RNA分子如图所示x k(3)211－2 (4)从5′端到3′端 DNA聚合酶只能从引物的3′端开始连接单个脱氧核苷酸分子河北省保定市高阳中学xx高三上学期第二次周练英语试卷Ⅰ.单词拼写1．You can find much information available on the________(官方的)website.2．Just as Premier Wen Jiabao puts it，China is________ (实际上)a developing country in the world.3．The achievements the city has achieved have been widely________(认可)by the public.4．After months of discussion，a peace agreement is ________(逐渐地)taking shape.5．He closed his letter with________(表达)of grateful thanks.6．The guard asked me to show him my________(身份)card.7．We had ________(经常的)snowfalls last year.8．Are you a________ (本地人)or just a visitor?9．He speaks with an American ________(口音)．10．Shall we go____________(直接)to the hotel?Ⅱ.完成句子1．____________in our work，we should not be proud.(even if引导状语从句) 即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩，也不应该自满。

2．Life in the USA will probably____________.(be different from)美国的生活可能会与你想象的有所不同。

3．He left the party______________to stay there with me.(although引导状语从句)尽管我请求他留在晚会上陪我，但他还是走了。

4．Last year there were______________.(more than)去年出生的人数多于死亡的人数。

5．He was late not only____________ his illness but also __________he missed the early bus.(because；because of)他迟到了不仅因为他有病，而且因为他误了早班车。

Ⅲ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Mary：Have you heard about the robbery at Wilson's in Clifton Road?Alan：Yes.In fact，I saw part of the __1__.It was terrible!Mary：You saw part of it？Oh，my God！I've only got a very brief report about it.Alan：Well，the thieves planned to rob the shop...you know，Wilson's in Clifton Road.Mary：In broad daylight？How __2__ they？I can't imagine __3__！Alan：They planned to arrive as the jewelry __4__(take) from the safe into the big display window.They arrived in a large red car which they __5__(park) on the opposite side of the road.Mary：How many robbers were there?Alan：Three.One waited inside the car and the __6__ two walked over to the shop，__7__(carry) large briefcases.Once inside the shop，they made the manager of the shop and his assistants lie down on the floor __8__ they filled the briefcases with jewelry.What they didn't know，however，was that another assistant was in the room right at the back of the shop.He had caught sight of the two thieves and had pressed an alarm bell.At that very __9__，a police car arrived.__10__ the robbery was over.Ⅳ.阅读理解George Gershwin，born in 1898，was one of America's greatest posers.He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.Many of Gershwin's songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City.These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s.Many of his songs have remained popular as ever.Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.Could jazz，some people asked，be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.Gershwin agreed to pose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it.And in that short time，he posed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue.Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert.The audience were thrilled when they heard his music.It made him world famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.In 1928，Gershwin went to Paris.He applied to study position (作曲)with the wellknown musician Nadia Boulanger，but she rejected him.She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz influenced style.While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris.When it was first performed，critics (评论家)were divided over the music.Some called it happy and full of life，to others it was silly and boring.But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States.It still remains one of his most famous works.George Gershwin died in 1937，just days after doctors learned he had brainhis death on their front pages.People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.【解题导语】本文讲述了George Gershwin 一位伟大的音乐家的一生，对音乐界及世界的影响。