Ben Johnson
现代和现实主义选择题-推荐下载
I. Multiple choices1.In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. Essay4. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. WycliffeD. Chaucer5. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden6. _____ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.a. Thomas Wyattb. William Shakespearec. Phillip Sidneyd. Thomas Campion7. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English Drama. It was _______ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.a. Christopher Marloweb. Thomas Logec. Edmund Spenserd. Thomas More8. At the beginning the 16th century the outstanding humanist_____ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.a. Christopher Marloweb. Thomas Morec. Phillip Sidneyd. Edmund Spencer9. Renaissance Period was an age of ____ .a. prose and novelb. poetry and dramac. essays and journalsd. ballads and songs10.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” This line is taken from one of Shakespeare’s____________.a. Sonnet 18b. the tragedy King Learc. a long poem Venus and Adonisd. the comedy As You Like It11. From the following choose the one______ that is not by Francis Bacon.a. The Advancement of Learningb. The New Instrumentc. Of Studiesd. The rape of the Lock12. Elizabethan poetry is remarkable. England then became “a nest of singing birds”. The famous poet of that period was_______.a. Edmund Spenserb. Thomas Kydc. Earl of Surryd. Thomas More13. Which play is not a comedy?a. The Jew of Malt ab. Every One in His Humorc. A Midsummer Night’s Dreamd. Much Ado about Nothing14. The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus is one of ______ ‘s best plays.a. Shakespeareb. Thomas Kydc. Ben Jonsond. Christopher Marlowe15. The name “the father of English poetry” was given to the greatest poet born in Londonabout 1340 and the one who did much in making the dialect of London (Midland dialect the language of the court, the learned and the well-to do) the foundation for modern English language.a. Shakespeareb. Spenserc. C. Philip Sidneyd. Chaucer16. The basic note of Chaucer’s style is_______.a. the fusion of humor and genial satireb. the fusion of irony with sarcasmc. the fusion of humor with epigramsd. the fusion of humor with irony17. _____was the first buried in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abby.a. Southyb. Francis Baconc. Shakespeared. Chaucer18. Macbeth by Shakespeare is a ______.a. tragedyb. comedyc. tragicomedyd. historical play19. “To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of trouble,And by opposing end them...” are the famous lines in Hamlet which expresses the Hamlet’s ______ character.a.. resoluteb. resolute and hesitantc. stubbond. indecisive and hesitant20.Protestants refers to all the religious sects except ________.a.Church of Englandb. Puritanismc.Calvinismd. Catholicism21. Though Beowulf was introduced by Angles, the events and _____ are Scandinavian.a.beliefb. charactersc. idead. God23. Of many contemporaries and successors of Shakespeare, the most important and well known was ______who became the Poet Laureate in 1616.a. John Drydenb. Samuel Johnsonc. Ben Jonsond. Robert Southy24. The main literary form of seventeenth century was poetry. Among the poets, _______was the greatest.a. Miltonb. Bunyanc. the Metaphysical poetsd. the Cavalier poets26.The title of “Poet’s poet” is given to the writer of the following work __ _____.a.Death Be Not Proudb. Venus and Adonisc.Romeo and Julietd. The Faerie Queen27. The Merchant of Venice belongs to Shakespearian plays of_______.edyb. sequence of sonnetsc.tragedyd. historical play28.Chaucer was the first important poet of a royal court to write in______ after the Norman conquest.a.Frenchb. Latinc.Englishd. Celt29. “He was not of an age, but for all the time”. “He” here refers to _____.a.Shakespeareb. Chaucerc. C.John Miltond. Ben Jonson30.The father of the school of Metaphysical poets is _______.a.Thomas Moreb. Spenserc.John Donned. Wyatt31.The most important prose writer of Elizabethan Age was _______, who was also the founder of the English materialistic philosophy.a.Thomas Moreb. Spenserc.John Donned. Francis Bacon32.The culmination of all Renaissance translation is ________.a.King James Bibleb. New Instrumentc.Of Studyd. The Reason of Church Government33.Donne’s poetry is full of metaphors, original images, wit and______, except ingenuity, dexterous use of colloquial speech, considerable flexibility of rhythm and meter, complex themes and caustic humor.a.conceitsb. Petrarchen imagesc.rhetoricsd. brevity34.The Cavaliers mostly dealt in short songs on the flitting joys of the day, but underneath their light-heartedness lies some foreboding of _____ to enjoy the present day. This is typical of pessimism and cynicism.a.philosophical thoughtb. impending doomc.intellectual idead. expecting happiness.35.Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes were the poems written by _______.tonb. William Shakespearec.Ben Jonsond. Marlowe36.In Paradise Lost the author eulogizes the spirit of ______ that is though lost, but the ______cannot be conquered, and the pursuit of revenge, immortal hate towards god will never be overcome.a. pessimism, knowledgeb. optimism, idealc. rebellion, willd. cynicism, concept37.Blank verse was first used by ______ as the principle instrument of English drama.a.the Earl of Surryb. Christopher Marlowec.Samuel Johnsond. Shakespeare38.The theme of the sonnet Death Be Not Proud is that ________.a. death is predestinedb. death is the most dreadful thingc.death you are nothing to be fearedd. death is gentle towards me39. _____has been called the summit of the English Renaissance.A. Christopher MarlowB. Francis BaconC. W. ShakespeareD. Ben Johnson40. Shakespeare is one of the founders of ____.A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. classicism41.Among many poetic forms, Shakespeare was especially at home (good at) with the_______.A. dramatic blank verseB. songC. sonnetD. couplet42._____is one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.A. Phillip SidneyB. Edmund SpenserC. Thomas MoreD. Walter Raleigh43.____ was a forerunner of classicism in English literature.A. Ben JohnsonB. William ShakespeareC. Thomas MoreD. Christopher Marlowe44.The most gifted of the “university wits” was ____.A. LylyB. PeeleC. GreeneD. Marlowe45. ____was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 19th century.A. John DrydenB. Richard SteeleC. Joseph AddisonD. Alexander Pope46. _____is the first philosopher of industrial science.A. Christopher MarlowB. Francis BaconC. W. ShakespeareD. Ben Johnson48. ____has six knights representing 6 virtues: holiness, Temperance, Chastity, Friendship, Justice and Courtesy.a. The Faerie Queenb. The Pilgrim’s Progressc. Paradise Lost D. Essays49.In 1701, Steele published a pamphlet, _____, in which he first displayed his moralizingspirit.A. The FuneralB. The Lying LoverC. The Christian HeroD. The Tender Husband50. Which is the most popular newspaper published by Steele?A. The TatlerB. The SpectatorC. The TheatreD. The English51. _____ is Addison’s great tragedy.A. A Letter from ItalyB. RosamondC. The CampaignD. Cato52. The most important classicist in the Enlightenment Movement is _____.A. SteeleB. AddisonC. PopeD. Dryden53. The masterpiece of Alexander Pope is ____.A. Essay on CriticismB. The Rape of the LockC. Essay on ManD. The Dunciad54. Essay on Man is a _____poem in heroic couplets.A. didacticB. satiricalC. philosophicalD. dramatic55. ____ was an intellectual movement in the first half of the 18th century.A. The Enclosure MovementB. The Industrial RevolutionC. The Religious ReformD. The Enlightenment56. The literature of the Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the ____ readers.A. aristocraticB. middle classC. low classD. intellectual57. ____ is a great classicist but his satire is not always just.A. SteeleB. MiltonC. AddisonD. Pope58.The 18th century was the golden age of the English ___. The novel of this period spokethe truth about life with an uncompromising (unbending) courage.A. dramaB. poetryC. essayD. novel59.In a series of pamphlets Jonathan Swift denounced the cruel and unjust treatment ofIreland by the English government. One of the most famous is ____.A. Essays on CriticismB. A Modest ProposalC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. The Battle of the Books60.“Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.” This sentence is saidby ____, one of the greatest masters of English prose.A. Alexander PopeB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD. Daniel Defoe61.From the character Mr. Malaprop, in ___ by Richard Brinsley Sheridan, is derived theterm “malapropism” which means a ridiculous misusage of big words.A. The RivalsB. The School for ScandalC. The Beggar’s OperaD. The London Merchant62.Which of the following periodicals is edited by Samuel Johnson? _____.A. The ReviewB. The TatlerC. The RamblerD. The Bee63.Which of the following works are not written by Oliver Goldsmith? ____.A. The TravellerB. The Deserted VillageC. The Vicar of WakefieldD. The School for Scandal64.Which of the following works is written by Edward Gibbon?______.A. The School for ScandalB. She Stoops to ConquerC. The Good-natured ManD. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire65.______ is not written by William Blake.A. The Marriage of Heaven and HellB. Songs of ExperienceC. Auld Lang SyneD. Poetical Sketches66.“In seed time learn, in harvest teach, in winter enjoy.” This proverb is cited from WilliamBlake’s _____.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Songs of InnocenceC. The Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Poetical Sketches67.The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties, ______,which were satirized by Jonathan Swift in his Gulliver’s Travels.A. the Whigs and the ToriesB. the senate and the House of RepresentativesC. The upper House and lower HouseD. the House of Lords and the House of Commons68._____ compiled the A Dictionary of the English Language which became the foundationof all the subsequent English dictionaries.A. Ben JohnsonB. Samuel JohnsonC. Alexander PopeD. John Dryden69.Which of the following novels is not epistolary (written in letter form) novels?A. Clarissa HarloweB. PamelaC. Sir Charles GrandisonD. Tomes Jones70.Which play is regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare?A. She Stoops to ConquerB. The RivalsC. The School for ScandalD. The Conscious Lovers。
14虚拟语气
三、写作运用
The eight children left us suddenly, which made everyone of us grieved. If they were alive today, they would study and play happily with their peers. And if they should/were/were to live in the world in 10 or 20 years, they could be the hope of the country. Had their parents known the incident in advance, they would have prevented it from happening.
5. English teachers give advice that we _(_sh_o_u_l_d_)_m_a_k_e(make) good use of every chance to speak English.
6. It is high time that we _to_o_k_/_sh_o_u_l_d_t_ake (take) some measures to protect the wild animals.
有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而 是用without, with, but for(要不是)等介 词短语，或者用but, or, otherwise等副词 或连词来表示虚拟条件，可称之为含蓄 条件虚拟语气。如：
I was so busy then， otherwise, I would have helped him. 我当时很忙，要不然， 我会帮助他的。
7. Without the air to hold some of the
搞笑英文名字
搞笑英文名字Ada=阿大Simon=栓门Rita Lai 维他奶Albert Yip 牛柏叶Bacon培根Debbe黛比（呆比）Elizabeth伊丽莎白Billy Chow (比你丑)Echo=二狗Gordon=狗蛋Steve=屎娣Pinky Lam 冰淇淋Ben Chow (宾周，傻瓜)Joe young同上Orson=狗剩Levis （里维斯）June Cheung（砖）F*ck 发哥Molly Yau (理由，没有理由)Paul Chan 破产Orson=狗剩Samuel Lam性无能Joe Yeung遭殃T-bagBilly Chun (比你蠢)Yisa意萨Polly Cheung 玻璃窗Ken Chan (惊青，紧张)Aaron=阿荣Ross=螺丝Dylan 迪伦（低能）Sandra=栓猪儿Robert Ko 萝卜糕Frankie Tong 蕃茄汤Steve=屎娣;Sunny=傻泥;Sandra=栓猪儿;Simon=栓门 Sallysany（沙粒杀你）Ivy Yan (矮肥人)JJBrain To(不仁道)Ken Lau (简陋)Nicole=牛坑Wesley卫斯理Ida Chan (捱得惨，挨得惨) Under（底裤）Boom （爆炸）Mic Kong 米缸Sunny=傻泥Peter Siu (俾得少，给得少) Gay 基佬Peter=皮蛋Jeffrey Tong 猪肺汤Lolita(洛丽塔)Gordon=狗蛋Mick Tso (咪嘈)Johnson=长剩Pamela帕梅拉Funny=烦你Witch 女巫Jack Cheung ( 即将)Poor guy扑街Candy=坑爹Daisy Hui (打死，打死他) Amanda=阿毛大Kenny=坑泥Kenny=坑泥，啃梨Alexander亚历山大（压力山大）Joe Ko (糟糕)Nicole=牛坑Dainel=大牛Daisy=大翠Suky Wan 筲箕湾Bitch 碧池Candy=坑娣Aaron=阿荣;Aaron=阿荣;Amanda=阿毛大Judy Heung (早 D 香，早死)Johnson=长剩Dainel=大牛;Daisy=大翠;David=大肥;Dylan=低能 Judy Fan (早 D返，早点回来)Daniel Wu 订尿壶Marble To马宝道Andy Fan (晏D返，晚点回来)Ben Chu 笨猪Annie Mo(Animal)。
Ben Jonson介绍
Just before Corvino and Celia are due to arrive for this tryst to take place, Corbaccio's son Bonario arrives to catch his father in the act of disinheriting him. Mosca ushers him into a sideroom. Volpone is left alone with Celia, and after failing to seduce her with promises of luxurious items and role-playing fantasies, attempts to rape her. Bonario sees this, comes out of hiding and rescueoom sequence, the truth is well-buried by the collusion of Mosca, Volpone and all three of the dupes.
Mosca mentions in passing that Corvino has a beautiful wife, Celia, and Volpone goes to see her in the disguise of Scoto the Mountebank. Corvino drives him away, but Volpone is now insistent that he must have Celia for his own. Mosca tells Corvino that Volpone requires sex with a young woman to help revive him, and will be very grateful to whoever provides the lady. Corvino offers Celia.
Francis Bacon
一．Francis Bacon & Ben Johnson1．Francis Bacon的简介①Francis Bacon（1561－1626）was the founder of English materialist philosophy（唯物主义哲学）。
He was born into the family of Sir Nicholas Bacon，keeper of the Privy Seal （御玺）to Queen Elizabeth. The boy early won the favor of the Queen. He went to Cambridge at twelve and after graduating at sixteen，took up law. He soon became one of the most successful lawyers of the time. At twenty-three he became a member of the House of Commons（下议院）and his judgment and eloquence（口才）made him famous. When James I came to England，Bacon obtained one important office after another until he became lord Chancellor（大法官）and was made a peer （nobleman）in 1618. He was an admirable judge，but in the course of rising he had made enemies who charged him with bribery （受贿）。
He was convicted （判罪）deprived （免去）of his office，fined and banished （流放）from London in 1621. Five years later，he died in disgrace （耻辱）。
Ben_Jonson
The Spanish Tragedy
《西班牙悲剧》开创了英国复仇悲剧 的传统，并使这一悲剧式样蔚然成风。 It influenced Hamlet,The Revenger's Tragedy,The Wbite Devil,The Ducbess of Malft,Women Beware Women,The Changeling and so on . 英国复仇悲剧大多以复仇者的死亡告 终，这是十六世纪英国悲剧的一个普遍#
The Spanish Tragedy
• 就复仇而言，基德的《西班牙悲剧》开创 了英国复仇悲剧的传统。托马斯· 基德的情 节剧《西班牙悲剧》复兴了复仇悲剧，一 种经典的以谋杀和复仇为主题的戏剧形式。 该剧描述了一名西班牙贵族沦落为暴民的 故事，在伊丽莎白女王时代很受欢迎，用 以纪念西班牙无敌舰队在1588年试图向英 格兰发起的侵略。
Elizabethan and Jacobean Revenge Tragedy
伊丽莎白一世和詹姆士时 期的复仇悲剧
Thomas Kyd
文艺复兴时期，戏剧的辉煌并不 是莎士比亚一个人造就的，也不 仅仅出现了莎士比亚这一个伟人。 托马斯· 基德（Thomas Kyd， 1558–1594年），英国剧作家。 基德生于伦敦并在那里的商业泰 勒学校学习语言。1593年他被指 控为一名无神论者而入狱了一段 时间。很多基德的悲剧作品都已 失传。 #
(3)
Jonson was also known as a poet and critiyears Jonson became the “literary king” of his time. A group of young poets and writers call themselves “Sons of Ben” (Robert Herrick).
英国文学知识120题
英国文学知识120题英国文学知识120题1._____is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes, it isa long poem of over 3000 lines and the national epic of the English people.A.BeowulfB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.The Canterbury T alesD.King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table2.The father of English poetry, the author of Troilus and Criseyde is also the one of the _____.A. Romeo and JulietB. The Faerie QueenC. TamburlaineD. The Canterbury Tales3. The group of Shakespeare plays known as “romance” or “reconciliantion plays” is _____.A. Merchant of Venice, As You Like ItB. The Tempest, Pericles, The Winter’s TaleC. Romeo and Juliet, Antony and CleopatraD. The Merry Wives of Winsor, Twelfth Night4. Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies?A. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King LearB. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, MacbethC. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD. Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens5. Which of the following is not the work of Francis Bacon?A. Advancement of LearningB. New InstrumentC. Songs of InnocenceD. Essays6. At the beginning of 17th century appeared a school of poets called metaphysics by Samuel Johnson, _____is the founder of metaphysical poetry.A. Ben JohnsonB. John MiltonC. John BunyanD. John Donne7. Daniel Defoe is a famous_____.A. poetB. novelistC. playwrightD. essayist8. “He has a servant called Friday.”“He” in the quoted sentence is a character in _____.A. Henry Fielding’s Tom JonesB. John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s ProgressC. Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s The School for ScandalD. Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe9. Gulliver’s Travels was written by_____.A. Daniel DefoeB. Charles DickensC. Jonathan SwiftD. Joesph Addison10. William Wordsworth is generally known as a _____poet.A. romanticB. realisticC. naturalisticD. neo-classic1-10 A D B C C D B D C A11. “Ode to the west wind” was written by the author of _____.A. “I wandered lonely as a cloud”B. “Kubla Khan”C. “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage”D. “A Defence of Poetry”12. Which of the following poets does not belong to the school of romantic poets?A. William WordsworthB. Percy Bysshe ShelleyC. George Gordon ByronD. John Donne13. Charles Dickens wrote all of the following except _____.A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. A Tale of Two CitiesD. Heart of Darkness14. “A Red, Red Rose” was written by _____.A. Alexandra PopB. Robert BurnsC. William BlakeD. John Keats15. Pip is the character of Charles Dickens’ novel _____.A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. A Tale of Two CitiesD. Great Expectations16. Sense and Sensibility is a _____ by _____.A. play … Jane AustenB. novel… Jane Aus tenC. play … Emily BronteD. novel … Anne Bronte17. In reading Shakespeare, you must have come across the line “T o be or not to be---that is the question” by _____.A. Iago in OthelloB. Lear in King LearC. Shylock in the Merchant of VeniceD. Hamlet in Hamlet18. Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess” is composed in the form of a(n) _____.A. dramatic monologueB. extended metaphorC. syllogistic argumentD. dialogue19. Thomas Hardy wrote novels of _____.A. character and environmentB. pure romanceC. “stream of consciousness”D. psychoanalysis20. “Wessex novels” refers to the novels written by _____.A. Charles DickensB. D. H. LawrenceC. James JoyceD. Thomas Hardy11-20 A D D B D B D A A D21. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s _____.A. comediesB. tragediesC. sonnetsD. histories22. The three dialects spoken by _____ _____ and _____ mixed into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or old English.A. Anglos, Saxons, JutesB. Anglos, Saxons, IrishC. Anglos, Saxons, ScottishD. Anglos, Saxons, Welsh23. _____ contribution to English lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in Iambic meter--- the Heroic couplet-to English poetry.A. William Shakespeare’sB. Geoffrey Chaucer’sC. Thomas More’sD. Edmund Spenser’s24. Spenserian Stanza is a form of poetry first employed by Edmund Spenser in his long poetry _____.A. The Faerie QueeneB. The Shepher d’s CalendarC. EpihalamionD. Amoretti25. Francis Bacon is a _____.A. poetB. playwrightC. essayistD. novelist26. We can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley’spoem “Ode to the West Wind” with all the following terms except _____.A. tamedB. swiftC. proudD. wild27. The novel starts with “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” This novel is Jane Austen’s _____.A. EmmaB. PersuasionC. Sense and SensibilityD. Pride and Prejudice28. The major concern of _____ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. Charles Dicken s’sB. D. H. Lawrence’sC. Thomas Hardy’sD. John Galsworthy’s29. “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.”The above quoted passage is most probably taken from _____.A. Pride and PrejudiceB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering HeightsD. Great Expectations30. Which of the Following is not one of the Bronte Sisters?A. Charlotte BronteB. Anne BronteC. Jenny BronteD. Emily Bronte21-30 C A B A C A D B B C31. John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is a(n) _____.A. allegoryB. romanceC. comedy of mannersD. realistic novel32. Which of the following can not be used to describe John Dryden?A. poetB. playwrightC. essayistD. novelist33. “Conceit” was wildly used by the _____poets.A. metaphysicalB. romanticC. religiousD. realistic34. Of the many contemporaries and successors of Shakespeare, the most well known was Ben Johnson. He has been chiefly remembered for his _____. The best of which include “Every Man in His Humour”, “Volpone”, and “The Alchemist”.A. tragediesB. comediesC. historiesD. sonnets35. John Milton created Satan the real hero in his poem _____.A. Paradise Lost”B. “Paradise Regained”C. “Agonistes”D. Lycidas36. “University Wits” refers to a group of _____.A. poetsB. playwrightsC. essayistsD. novelists37. Marlowe’s best works includes three of his plays but _____.A. “Tamburlaine”B. “The Jew of Malta”C. “Doctor Faustus”D. “Julius Caesar”38. The author of “The Flea” was the representative of _____ poets.A. religiousB. romanticC. metaphysicalD. realistic39. “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.”Is one of the epi grams found in _____.A. Bacon’s “Of Studies”B. Bunyan’s “The Pilgrim’s Progress”C. Fiedlding’s “T om Jones”D. Johnson’s “A Dictionary of the English Language”40. In the line “So long lives this, and this gives life to thee”of Sonnet 18, Shakespeare _____.A. meditates on man’s mortalityB. eulogizes the power of artistic creationC. satirizes human vanityD. presents a dream vision31-40 A D A B A B D C A B41. “Utopia” was written by _____.A. Thomas MoreB. Francis BaconC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift42. William Blake wrote all the following except _____.A. Poetical SketchesB. Songs of InnocenceC. The Marriage of Heaven and HellD. The Tree of Liberty43. “Auld Lang Sygn” was written by the author of _____.A. A Red, Red RoseB. The Sick RoseC. A Rose for EmilyD. Tiger44. All of the following poets except _____ are called “Lake Poets”.A. William WordsworthB. Robert SoutheyC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Percy Bysshe Shelley45. Love for Love is a comedy written by _____.A. William ShakespeareB. Ben JohnsonC. William CongereD. Christopher Marlowe46. Which of the following group of writers are the playwrights of the 17th century?A. Ben Johnson and John Dryden.B. Christopher Marlowe and Daniel Defoe.C. John Milton and Oscar Wilde.D. Ben Johnson and George Bernard Shaw.47. “The poet’s poet” is _____.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. Francis BaconD. John Donne48. “The founder of English poetry” is _____.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. Francis BaconD. John Donne49. “The founder of English materialist philosophy ” is _____.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. Francis BaconD. John Donne50. “The founder of metaphysical school” is _____.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. Francis BaconD. John Donne41-50：A D A D C A B A D51. The representatives of the Enlightenment in Englishliterature were the following writers but _____.A. Joseph AddisonB. Richard SteeleC. William BlakeD. Alexander Pope52. Joseph Addison, Richard Steele and Alexander Pope belonged to the school of _____.A. classicismB. romanticismC. realismD. modernism53. _____ is a didactic poem written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope. It sums up the art of poetry as taught by Aristotle, Horace, Boileau and the 18th century classicists. It tells the poets and critics to write and appreciate poetry according to the principles set up by the old Greek and Roman writers.A. The DunciadB. The Rap of the RockC. Essay on CriticismD. Essay on Man54. “The three Unities”, formulated by Renaissan ce dramatists, are the unities of the following elements but _____.A. timeB. placeC. actionD. character55. “The father of the English novel” is _____.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. Francis BaconD. Henry Fielding56. “Tom Jones” was written by _____.A. Henry FieldingB. Daniel DefoeC. Jonathan SwiftD. Samuel Richardson57. Why is Samuel Johnson called “Dictionary Johnson”?A. Because he knows a lot more than other writers in words.B. Because he often consults an encyclopedia while writing.C. Because he is a master of English language.D. Because he is author of the first English dictionary.58. “The School for Scandal’ is a _____ written by _____.A. Tragedy…Richard Brinsley SheridanB. Comedy…Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Comedy…Sa muel JohnsonD. Tragedy…Samuel Johnson59. Oliver Goldsmith’s “The Deserted Village” is a poem of _____.A. transcendentalismB. romanticismC. sentimentalismD. realism60. Oliver Goldsmith’s “The Citizen of the World” was originally published as _____.A. English LettersB. Chinese LettersC. French LettersD. American Letters51-60: C A C D D A D B C B61. “Pamela” by Samuel Richardson is written in forms of_____.A. diaryB. letterC. autobiographyD. reminiscences62. “Clarissa Harlowe” by Samuel Richardson is written in forms of _____.A. diaryB. letterC. autobiographyD. reminiscences63. “The Adventure of Roderick Random” is written by _____.A. Samuel RichardsonB. Tobias SmollettC. Lawrence SterneD. Henry Fielding64. “The Life and opinions of Tristram Shandy” is written by _____.A. Samuel RichardsonB. Tobias SmollettC. Lawrence SterneD. Henry Fielding65. _____ named his own realistic novel as “comic epic in prose”.A. Henry FieldingB. Charles DickensC. Jack LondonD. Tobias Smollett66. “Lyrical Ballads” was written by _____ and Samuel T aylorColeridge.A. Robert BurnsB. Robert southeyC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelley67. George Gordon Byron was most famous for _____.A. Don JuanB. Ode to the West WindC. Kubla KhanD. Ode to a Nightingale68. George Gordon Byron created a “Byronic hero” firstly in his _____.A. Prometheus UnboundB. Childe Herold’s PilgrimageC. Kubla KhanD. Ode on a Grecian Urn69. Prometheus Unbound was written by _____ who also wrote _____.A. Geor ge Gordon Byron…Childe Herold’s PilgrimageB. Percy Bysshe Shelley… Ode to a NightingaleC. George Gordon Byron… Ode to the West WindD. Percy Bysshe Shelley…Ode to the West Wind70. John Keats is the author of _____.A. Ode to a Skylark and Ode to a NightingaleB. Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to the West WindC. Ode to a Nightingale and Ode on a Grecian UrnD. Ode to the West Wind and Ode to a Nightingale61-70: B B B C A C A B D C71. Percy Bysshe Shelley is famous for _____.A. Ode to a Skylark and Ode to a NightingaleB. Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to the West WindC. Ode to a Nightingale and Ode on a Grecian UrnD. Ode to the West Wind and Ode to a Skylark72. “Three or four families in a country village is something to work..”This statement was presen ted by _____.A. Emily BronteB. Jane AustenC. Mrs. GaskellD. George Eliot73. George Eliot wrote all the following except _____.A. The Mill of FlossB. Silas MarnerC. MiddlemarchD. Agnes Grey74. The novel Vanity Fair was written by _____.A. William Makepeace ThackerayB. Charles DickensC. O. HenryD. Henry James75. Vanity Fair was a novel written by William Makepeace Thackeray, and the term “vanity fair”firstly appeared in _____ by _____.A. Canterbury Tales…Geoffrey ChaucerB. The Pilgrim’s Progress…John BunyanC. Tome Jones…Henry FieldingD. Dubliners…James Joyce76. The novel Vanity Fair was written by William Makepeace Thackeray who also wrote _____.A. The Way of All LifeB. The History of Henry EsmondC. Sister CarrieD. Howards End77. Barchester Series is a series of novels written by _____.A. BarchesterB. Thomas HardyC. Anthony TrollopeD. Mark Twin78. Erehwon is a satiric novel written by _____.A. Samuel ButlerB. Henry FieldingC. Thomas MoreD. Mark Twin79. In “the Lake Isle of Innisfree” Willaim Butler Yeats express his _____?A. desire to escape from the materialistic societyB. fear caused by the impending warC. interest in the Irish legendD. Love for Maud Gonne, a beautiful Irish actress80. Walter Scott’s historical novels cover a long period of time, from the Middle Ages to 18th century. His work Ivanhoe deals with an epoch of _____ history.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. ScotlandD. Irish71-80: D B D A B B C A A A81. “The Graveyard Poets” got the name because _____.A. they chose to live near graveyardsB. they often wrote about death and melancholyC. they always wrote about dead people.D. they often use “graveyard” as the title.82. It is generally understood that the recurrent theme in many of Thomas Hardy’s novel is _____.A. man against natureB. love and marriageC. social criticismD. fate and destiny83. The Romantic Period in English literature began with the publication of _____.A. William Blake’s Songs of InnocenceB. Jane Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceC. Wordsworth’s and Coleridge’s Lyrical BalladsD. Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe84. It is generally regarded that Keats’ most important and mature poems are in the form of _____.A. odeB. elegyC. epicD. sonnet85. G..B. Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession i s a realistic exposure of the _____ in the English society.A. slum landlordismB. inequality between men and womenC. political corruptionD. economic exploitation of women86. The Preface to Shakespeare and Lives of the Poets are the works of critic ______.A. G.B. Shaw B. Samuel JohnsonC. Ben JohnsonD.E.M. Foster87. The Ring and the Book is a masterpiece of _____.A. Alfred TennysonB. Robert BrowningC. Thomas HardyD. Ralph Waldo Emerson88. Matthew Arnold is the writer of _____.A. Dover BeachB. My last DuchessC. Break, Break, BreakD. The Eagle89. The writer of Heart of Darkness is also the one of _____.A. Time of MachineB. JimC. Lord JimD. A Passage to India90. Of Human Bondage is a novel by _____.A. Herbert George WellsB. Arnold BennettC. William Somerset MaughamD. John Galsworthy81-90: B D C A D B B A C C91. The Time Machine is a piece of _____.A. science fictionB. detective storyC. picaresque novelsD. historical story92. All of the following but _____ are the plays written by George Bernard Shaw.A. Mr. Warren’s ProfessionB. Saint JoanC. PygmalionD. A Doll’s House93. “The Drama of Ideas” or “The Discussion Play” refers to the plays written by _____.A. George Bernard ShawB. Oscar WildeC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. Arthur Miller94. The only tragedy of George Bernard Shaw _____ won him the Nobel Prize.A. Mr. Warren’s ProfessionB. Heartbreak HouseC. Saint JoanD. The Doctor’s Dilemma95. The Importance of Being Earnest is a comedy by _____.A. George Bernard ShawB. Oscar WildeC. Richard Brinsley SheridandD. William Shakespeare96. Aspect of the Novel was originally a series of lectures delivered at Cambridge by _____. It was one of the most important books on the theory of novel.A. E.M. ForsterB. Mark TwainC. William FaulknerD. Henry James97. All the following writers are the great masters of “stream of consciousness” but ____.A. James JoyceB. Virginia WoolfC. William FaulknerD. Henry James98. The novel of Ulysses is a masterpiece of _____.A. James JoyceB. Virginia WoolfC. William FaulknerD. Henry James99. Possessions was written by _____.A. A. S. ByattB. Doris LessingC. Margaret DrabbleD. Anita Brookner100. Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse are novels of “stream of consciousness”written by _____.A. James JoyceB. Virginia WoolfC. William FaulknerD. Henry James91-100: A D A C B A D A A B101. T.S Eliot is most famous for _____A. The Waste LandB. A VisionC. The Unknown CitizenD. The North Ship102. William Butler Yeats is the writer of the following works but _____.A. A VisionB. The Waste LandD. Responsibilities103. Murder on the Orient Express is written by _____ a novelist of detective fiction.A. Arthur Conan DoyleB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Agatha ChristieD. John Fowels104. Death on the Nile is written by _____ a novelist of detective fiction.A. Arthur Conan DoyleB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Agatha ChristieD. John Fowels105. A Handful of Dust was _____ best novel and it took its title from T.S. Eliot’s The Waster Land (I have seen fear in a handful dust ) and it was a modern Gothic comic-tragedy.A. Graham Greene’sB. Evelyn Waugh’sC. Robert Graves’D. John Fowels’106. Robert Graves wrote all the following novels except _____.A. I, ClaudiusB. Claudius the God and His Wife MessalinaC. Count BelisariusD. The Power and the Glory107. The Power and the Glory was written by _____.A. Graham GreeneB. Evelyn WaughC. Robert Graves108. Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty Four were written by _____.A. George OrwellB. William GoldingC. Graham GreeneD. Robert Graves109. Which of the following group of authors is sometimes referred to as belonging to the “angry young man”?A. Ernest Hemingway, John SteinbeckB. Kingsley Amis, John WainC. Willaim Golding, John SteinbeckD. John Wain, Willaim Golding110. _____ is the representative work of the school of “the angry young man”.A. Lucky Jim by Kingsley AmisB. Jim by Rudyard KiplingC. Lord Jim by Joseph ConradD. Heart of Darkness101-110: A B C C B D A A B A111. As a literary figure, Stephen Dedalus appears in two novels by _____.A. D. H. LawrenceB. John GalsworthyC. George EliotD. James Joyce112. The French Lieutenants Woman is the masterpiece of _____.A. John FowlesB. Doris LessingC. Muriel SparkD. Joseph Conrad113. The Golden Notebook was written by _____.A. John FowlesB. Doris LessingC. Muriel SparkD. Joseph Conrad114. Waiting for Godot is a (an) _____ by Samuel Beckett.A. novelB. poemC. playD. essay115. “Kitchen sink realism” is referred to as the works of _____.A. novelB. poemC. playD. essay116. Seamus Heaney won the Nobel Prize of literature in 1995 and most of his poems focused on the _____.A. city lifeB. legendC. countryD. history117. An article on “the Observer” describes th e bursting of all these young _____as a kind of “the movement”.A. poetsB. playwrightC. novelistD. critic118. The novel _____ told a story of a Nazi war criminal. In this novel Martin Amis set the narrative clock in reverse.A. Money: a suicide NoteB. Time’s ArrowC. London FieldsD. Dead Bodies119. Satanic Verse was written by _____ who was born in a Muslin family in Bombay, India.A. Salman RushdieB. Kazuo IshguroC. Julian BarnesD. Grahm Swife120. The novel The Remains of the Day won the Booker Prize for its author_____ who was born in Japan.A. Salman RushdieB. Kazuo IshguroC. Julian BarnesD. Grahm Swife111-120: D A B C C C A B A B。
英文字母的起源及含义
英文字母的起源及含义英语单词不是突然间从天上掉下来的，而是像我们中文一样，有一个漫长的演化过程。
从公元前3000年左右开始，古埃及的人们就在使用文字（象形文字）表示神，人，动植物，自然界的形态（山，河等），来表示装饰品，武器，农具，日用品等的形状了。
该象形文字不仅仅给现在的字母表，还给阿拉伯文字，印度语族的文字带来了影响。
公元前2000—前800年间，海上贸易十分繁荣的腓尼基人，以埃及象形文字为基础，创造了腓尼基语的字母表。
公元前1000年左右，古希腊人又以腓尼基语的字母表创造了从左至右书写的24个字母的字母表。
Alphabet的词源即为希腊语的alpha(a)beta(B).罗马字字母表的确立得力于公元前800—500年间十分活跃的伊特拉斯坎人。
字母表的读法便是由他们的读法而来。
关于英文字母起源世界上存在着许多讲法，但比较常见的讲法（根据Funk《Word origins》一书）是起源于希伯来语。
应该讲这个讲法是有一定依据的。
因为《圣经》是西方文明的根源，而《圣经》所记录的正是犹太人（希伯来语）的历史。
而现在英语的二个重要语源希腊及拉丁语的祖先也是“希伯来语”。
希伯来语本身就是象形文字。
由此可见，现代的英文单词是经过漫长的演变而来的。
最初的英语单词是并不是一些抽象的字母组合，而是象形文字。
由此来看，单词的意思是可以解析的，也就是可以理解的。
今天这里我就跟大家分享一下26个字母的起源和引申意。
A起源及引申意思如同汉字起源于象形，英语字母表中的每个字母一开始都是描摹某种动物或物体形状的图画，而这些图画最后演变为符号。
但这些符号和原先被描摹之实物的形状几无相似之处。
谁也不能肯定这些象形字母原先究竟代表什么。
我们的解释只能是学者们基于史料作出的有根据的猜测。
一般认为希腊字母乃西方所有字母，包括拉丁字母的始祖。
其实希腊人的字母又是从腓尼基人那儿借过来的。
约在3000年前，在腓尼基字母表中字母A读如aleph,写起来形似字母V，中间再加一横，代表牛头或牛角。
英国文学史PART TWO---Chapter7 Ben Johnson
Chapter7 Ben Jonson(p93-p96)Adela Class B Lanzhou University-------the most well-known one of the many contemporaries and successors of ShakespeareI.As a prolific dramatist, he wrote dozens of plays, includingtragedies, comedies and masque s1.His Roman tragedies:(they are characterized by their scholarly accuracy in historical facts and strict adherence to the classical rules of tragic art.)1)Sejanus(1603)2)Catiline(1611)2.His masques:(they are written for court entertainments, as the scripts for music, dancing and spectacle)1)To Celia( “Drink to me only with thine eyes”)3.His comedies:( Ben Jonson has been chiefly remembered for his comedies and his comedies are “comedies of humours”)1)Every Man in His Humour(1598)个性互性（an excellent study of the “humours” )2)Volpone, or the Fox(1606)3)The Alchemist(1610)4)Bartholomew Fair(1614)Plays of Humous癖性戏剧They are such plays in which each of the characters has some dominating passions or peculiar quality such as jealousy or greed or credulity. Their characters are one-sided, flat and lacking development.II. Jonson was also known as a poet and critic------- in his later years Jonson became the “ literary king” of his time, in reality the Poet Laureate of James I.His poems were included in his Works. His chief prose :Timber; or Discoveries Made upon Men and Matter, a collection of notes, extracts, and reflections.“Sons of Ben” are followers of Jonson, among whom was Robert Herrick, author of the lyric poem Gather Ye Rose-buds While Ye May.III. Minor Playwrights1.Robert Greene:--------one member of “ university wits”His works:1)The Pinner of Wakefield2)Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay3)Greene’s Groatsworth of Wit Bought2.Thomas Kyd1)The Spanish Tragedy(复仇悲剧）3.Thomas Middleton1)The Changeling低能儿/变节者4.John Ford1)Tis Pity She’s a Whore2)The Broken Heart3)The Lover’s MelancholyThe plays above。
林登 贝恩斯 约翰逊
1941年，民主党国会参议员莫里斯·谢帕德去世，留下了空缺。约翰逊在罗斯福的支持下，宣布参加参议院 该席位的补缺选举。选举结果，约翰逊败给了立场保守、反对罗斯福“新政”的民主党人奥丹尼尔。
1941年12月，太平洋战争爆发，约翰逊自愿报名服役。随海军转战太平洋和大西洋，多次涉险。
工作照(2张) 1942年，在罗斯福总统命令下，在军中服役7个月的约翰逊回到众议院。在此期间，他出任众 议院海军委员会特别调查小组主席。第二次世界大战后，他主张保持武装部队的实力，大力发展军工生产，改进 部队装备。在对外政策上，他支持杜鲁门的反共遏制政策。
1935年，约翰逊积极支持罗斯福的“新政”，因而受到罗斯福总统的重视。加上他父亲的好友民主党国会 议员雷伯恩的推荐，被罗斯福总统任命为全国青年署得克萨斯州分署署长。约翰逊任职期间大约安置了30000名 青年就业和学习。
1 9 3 7 年 ， 得 克 萨 斯 州 第 十 选 区 的 国 会 众 议 员 詹 姆 斯 ·布 坎 南 去 世 ， 留 下 了 空 席 。 约 翰 逊 高 举 拥 护 罗 斯 福 “ 新 政”的旗帜，当选为国会众议员；5月，约翰逊正式就任国会众议员。
第十次檀香山会议之后，约翰逊批准对北越实施攻击的计划。
约翰逊(2张) 1964年8月6日，美国参众两院就约翰逊所提出的决议举行秘密听证会，并起草了一项决议案； 7日，众议院以400票对0票通过了决议，参议院以81票对2票通过了决议。决议授权约翰逊在侵越战争中，可采 取包括使用美国武装部队在内的一切必要手段。从此，美国将战火从越南南方扩大到北方。
约翰逊家里许多成员都曾参与政治活动。他的祖父曾任得克萨斯州议员多年，在当地很有影响，约翰逊城就 是 以 他 的 名 字 命 名 的 ； 父 亲 也 曾 任 得 克 萨 斯 州 议 员 多 年 ， 是 国 会 议 员 萨 姆 ·雷 伯 恩 的 好 友 ； 在 家 庭 影 响 下 ， 约 翰 逊 在学校读书时就对辩论和校园政治产生了兴趣。
Ben Jonson
Ben JonsonFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, searchFor other people of the same name, see Ben Johnson (disambiguation).This article needs additional citations for verification. Pleasehelp improve this article by adding citations to reliablesources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(December 2012)Ben JonsonBen Jonson (c.1617), by Abraham Blyenberch;oil on canvas painting at the NationalPortrait Gallery, London.Born c. 11 June 1572 Westminster, London, EnglandDied 6 August 1637 (aged 65) Westminster, London, EnglandOccupation Dramatist, poet and actorNationality EnglishBen Jonson (Benjamin Jonson, c. 11 June 1572 – 6 August 1637) was a playwright, poet, and literary critic of the seventeenth century, whose artistry exerted a lasting impact upon English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours. He is best known for the satirical plays Every Man in His Humour (1598), Volpone, or The Foxe (1605), The Alchemist (1610), and Bartholomew Fayre: A Comedy (1614), and for hislyric poetry; he is generally regarded as the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James I.[1]The literary artist Ben Jonson was a classically-educated, well-read, and cultured man of the English Renaissance with an appetite for controversy (personal and political, artistic and intellectual) whose cultural influence was of unparalleled breadth upon the playwrights and the poets of the Jacobean era(1603–1625) and of the Caroline era(1625–1642).[2][3]Contents∙ 1 Early life∙ 2 Career∙ 3 Royal patronage∙ 4 Religion∙ 5 Decline and death∙ 6 His worko 6.1 Dramao 6.2 Poetry∙7 Relationship with Shakespeare∙8 Reception and influenceo8.1 Dramao8.2 Poetry∙9 Jonson's workso9.1 Playso9.2 Masqueso9.3 Other works∙10 Biographies of Ben Jonson∙11 Citations∙12 References∙13 External linksEarly life[edit]The Westminster School master William Camden cultivated the artistic genius of Ben Jonson.The Scottish poet William Drummond of Hawthornden was friend and confidant to Jonson.Ben Jonson said that his family originated from the folk of theAnglo-Scottish border country, which genealogy is verified by the three spindles (rhombi) in the Jonson family coat of arms; the spindle is a diamond-shaped heraldic device shared with the Border-country Johnstone family of Annandale. Jonson's clergyman father died two months before his birth; two years later, his mother remarried, to a master bricklayer.[4][5] Jonson attended school in St. Martin's Lane; and later, a family friend paid for his studies at Westminster School, where the antiquarian, historian, topographer, and officer of arms, William Camden(1551–1623) was one of his masters. In the event, the pupil and the master became friends, and the intellectual influe nce of Camden’s broad-ranging scholarship upon Jonson’s art and literary style remained notable, until Camden's death in 1623.On leaving Westminster School, Jonson was to have attended the University of Cambridge, to continue his book learning; but did not, because of his unwilling apprenticeship to his bricklayer stepfather.[4][2] According to the churchman and historian Thomas Fuller(1608–61), Jonson at this time built a garden wall in Lincoln's Inn. After having been an apprenticebricklayer, Ben Jonson went to the Netherlands, and volunteered to soldier with the English regiments of Francis Vere (1560–1609), in Flanders.The Hawthornden Manuscripts (1619), of the conversations between Ben Jonson and the poet William Drummond of Hawthornden(1585–1649), report that, when in Flanders, Jonson engaged, fought, and killed an enemy soldier in single combat, and took for trophies the weapons of the vanquished soldier.[6]After his military activity on the Continent, Jonson returned to England and worked as an actor and as a playwright. As an actor, Jonson was the protagonist “Hieronimo” (Geronimo) in the play The Spanish Tragedy (ca. 1586), by Thomas Kyd (1558–94), the first revenge tragedy in English literature. Moreover, by 1597, he was a working playwright employed by Philip Henslowe, the leading producer for the English public theatre; by the next year, the production of Every Man in His Humour(1598) had established Jonson’s re putation as a dramatist.[7][8]Regarding his personal life, to William Drummond, Jonson described his wife as “a shrew, yet honest”. Since the seventeenth century, the identity of Jonson's wife has been obscure, yet she sometimes is identified as “Ann Lewis”, the woman who married a Benjamin Jonson in 1594, at the church of St Magnus-the-Martyr, near London Bridge.[9] Concerning the family of Anne Lewis and Ben Jonson, the St. Martin church registers indicate that Mary Jonson, their eldest daughter, died in November 1593, at six months of age. That a decade later, in 1603, Benjamin Jonson, their eldest son, died of Bubonic plague when he was seven years old; to lament and honour the dead boy, Benjamin Jonson père wrote the elegiac On My First Sonne (1603). Moreover, thirty-two years later, a second son, also named Benjamin Jonson, died in 1635. In that period, Ann Lewis and Ben Jonson lived separate lives for five years; their matrimonial arrangement cast Ann Lewis as the housewife Jonson, and Ben Jonson as the artist who enjoyed the residential hospitality of his patrons, Sir Robert Townshend and Lord Aubigny, Esme Stuart, 3rd Duke of Lennox.[9]Career[edit]By summer 1597, Jonson had a fixed engagement in the Admiral's Men, then performing under Philip Henslowe's management at The Rose. John Aubrey reports, on uncertain authority, that Jonson was not successful as an actor; whatever his skills as an actor, he was evidently more valuable to the company as a writer.By this time Jonson had begun to write original plays for the Admiral's Men; in 1598 he was mentioned by Francis Meres in his Palladis Tamia asone of "the best for tragedy." None of his early tragedies survives, however. An undated comedy, The Case is Altered, may be his earliest surviving play.In 1597 a play which he co-wrote with Thomas Nashe, The Isle of Dogs, was suppressed after causing great offence. Arrest warrants for Jonson and Nashe were issued by Queen Elizabeth I's so-called interrogator, Richard Topcliffe. Jonson was jailed in Marshalsea Prison and charged with "Leude and mutynous behavior", while Nashe managed to escape to Great Yarmouth. Two of the actors, Gabriel Spenser and Robert Shaw, were also imprisoned.A year later, Jonson was again briefly imprisoned, this time in Newgate Prison, for killing Gabriel Spenser in a duel on 22 September 1598 in Hogsden Fields[6](today part of Hoxton). Tried on a charge of manslaughter, Jonson pleaded guilty but was released by benefit of clergy, a legal ploy through which he gained leniency by reciting a brief bible verse (the neck-verse), forfeiting his 'goods and chattels' and being branded on his left thumb.[10] While in gaol Jonson converted to Catholicism, possibly through the influence of fellow-prisoner Father Thomas Wright, a Jesuit priest.[11]In 1598 Jonson produced his first great success, Every Man in His Humour, capitalising on the vogue for humorous plays which George Chapman had begun with An Humorous Day's Mirth. William Shakespeare was among the first actors to be cast. Jonson followed this in 1599 with Every Man out of His Humour, a pedantic attempt to imitate Aristophanes. It is not known whether this was a success on stage, but when published it proved popular and went through several editions.Jonson's other work for the theatre in the last years of Elizabeth I's reign was marked by fighting and controversy. Cynthia's Revels was produced by the Children of the Chapel Royal at Blackfriars Theatre in 1600. It satirised both John Marston, who Jonson believed had accused him of lustfulness, possibly in Histrio-Mastix, and Thomas Dekker. Jonson attacked the two poets again in 1601's Poetaster. Dekker responded with Satiromastix, subtitled "the untrussing of the humorous poet". The final scene of this play, whilst certainly not to be taken at face value as a portrait of Jonson, offers a caricature that is recognisable from Drummond's report – boasting about himself and condemning other poets, criticising performances of his plays, and calling attention to himself in any available way.This "War of the Theatres" appears to have ended with reconciliation on all sides. Jonson collaborated with Dekker on a pageant welcoming JamesI to England in 1603 although Drummond reports that Jonson called Dekkera rogue. Marston dedicated The Malcontent to Jonson and the twocollaborated with Chapman on Eastward Ho, a 1605 play whose anti-Scottish sentiment briefly landed both authors in jail.Royal patronage[edit]At the beginning of the reign of James I, King of England, in 1603 Jonson joined other poets and playwrights in welcoming the new king. Jonson quickly adapted himself to the additional demand for masques and entertainments introduced with the new reign and fostered by both the king and his consort Anne of Denmark. In addition to his popularity on the public stage and in the royal hall, he enjoyed the patronage of aristocrats such as Elizabeth Sidney (daughter of Sir Philip Sidney) and Lady Mary Wroth. This connection with the Sidney family provided the impetus for one of Jonson's most famous lyrics, the country house poem To Penshurst.In February 1603 John Manningham reported that Jonson was living on Robert Townsend, son of Sir Roger Townshend, and "scorns the world."[12] Perhaps this explains why his trouble with English authorities continued. That same year he was questioned by the Privy Council about Sejanus, a politically themed play about corruption in the Roman Empire. He was again in trouble for topical allusions in a play, now lost, in which he took part. Shortly after his release from a brief spell of imprisonment imposed to mark the authorities' displeasure at the work, in the second week of October 1605, he was present at a supper party attended by most of the Gunpowder Plot conspirators. After the plot's discovery he appears to have avoided further imprisonment; he volunteered what he knew of the affair to the investigator Robert Cecil and the Privy Council. Father Thomas Wright, who heard Fawkes's confession, was known to Jonson from prison in 1598 and Cecil may have directed him to bring the priest before the council, as a witness.[11] (Teague, 249).Title page of The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (1616), the first folio publication that included stage playsAt the same time, Jonson pursued a more prestigious career, writing masques for James's court. The Satyr (1603) and The Masque of Blackness (1605) are two of about two dozen masques which Jonson wrote for James or for Queen Anne; The Masque of Blackness was praised by Algernon Charles Swinburne as the consummate example of this now-extinct genre, which mingled speech, dancing, and spectacle.On many of these projects he collaborated, not always peacefully, with designer Inigo Jones. For example, Jones designed the scenery for Jonson's masque Oberon, the Faery Prince performed at Whitehall on 1 January 1611 in which Prince Henry, eldest son of James I, appeared in the title role. Perhaps partly as a result of this new career, Jonson gave up writing plays for the public theatres for a decade. He later told Drummond that he had made less than two hundred pounds on all his plays together.In 1616 Jonson received a yearly pension of 100 marks(about £60), lea ding some to identify him as England's first Poet Laureate. This sign of royal favour may have encouraged him to publish the first volume of the folio collected edition of his works that year. Other volumes followed in 1640–41 and 1692. (See: Ben Jonson folios)In 1618 Jonson set out for his ancestral Scotland on foot. He spent over a year there, and the best-remembered hospitality which he enjoyed was that of the Scottish poet, William Drummond of Hawthornden, in April 1619, sited on the River Esk. Drummond undertook to record as much of Jonson's conversation as he could in his diary, and thus recorded aspects ofJonson's personality that would otherwise have been less clearly seen. Jonson delivers his opinions, in Drummond's terse reporting, in an expansive and even magisterial mood. Drummond noted he was "a great lover and praiser of himself, a contemner and scorner of others".In Edinburgh, Jonson is recorded as staying with a John Stuart of Leith.[4] While there he was made an honorary citizen of Edinburgh. On returning to England, he was awarded an honorary Master of Arts degree from Oxford University.From Edinburgh he travelled west and lodged with the Duke of Lennox where he wrote a play based on Loch Lomond.[4]The period between 1605 and 1620 may be viewed as Jonson's heyday. By 1616 he had produced all the plays on which his present reputation as a dramatist is based, including the tragedy Catiline (acted and printed 1611), which achieved limited success, and the comedies Volpone, (acted 1605 and printed in 1607), Epicoene, or the Silent Woman (1609), The Alchemist(1610), Bartholomew Fair(1614) and The Devil is an Ass(1616). The Alchemist and Volpone were immediately successful. Of Epicoene, Jonson told Drummond of a satirical verse which reported that the play's subtitle was appropriate, since its audience had refused to applaud the play (i.e., remained silent). Yet Epicoene, along with Bartholomew Fair and (to a lesser extent) The Devil is an Ass have in modern times achieved a certain degree of recognition. While his life during this period was apparently more settled than it had been in the 1590s, his financial security was still not assured.Religion[edit]Jonson recounted that his father had been a prosperous Protestant landowner until the reign of "Bloody Mary" and had suffered imprisonment and the forfeiture of his wealth during that monarch's attempt to restore England to Catholicism. On Elizabeth's accession he was freed and was able to travel to London to become a clergyman.[13][14] (All we know of Jonson's father, who died a month before his son was born, comes from the poet's own narrative.) Jonson's elementary education was in a small church school attached to St Martin-in-the-Fields parish, and at the age of about seven he secured a place at Westminster School, then part of Westminster Abbey.Notwithstanding this emphatically Protestant grounding, Jonson maintained an interest in Catholic doctrine throughout his adult life and, at a particularly perilous time while a religious war with Spain was widely expected and persecution of Catholics was intensifying, he converted tothe faith.[15][16]This took place in October 1598, while Jonson was on remand in Newgate gaol charged with manslaughter. Jonson's biographer Ian Donaldson is among those who suggest that the conversion was instigated by Father Thomas Wright, a Jesuit priest who had resigned from the order over his acceptance of Queen Elizabeth's right to rule in England.[17][18] Wright, although placed under house arrest on the orders of Lord Burghley, was permitted to minister to the inmates of London prisons.[17]It may have been that Jonson, fearing that his trial would go against him, was seeking the unequivocal absolution that Catholicism could offer if he were sentenced to death.[16] Alternatively, he could have been looking to personal advantage from accepting conversion since Father Wright's protector, the Earl of Essex, was among those who might hope to rise to influence after the succession of a new monarch.[19] Jonson's conversion came at a weighty time in affairs of state; the royal succession, from the childless Elizabeth, had not been settled and Essex's Catholic allies were hopeful that a sympathetic ruler might attain the throne.Conviction, and certainly not expedience alone, sustained Jonson's faith during the troublesome twelve years he remained a Catholic. His stance received attention beyond the low-level intolerance to which most followers of that faith were exposed. The first draft of his play Sejanus was banned for "popery", and did not re-appear until some offending passages were cut.[11] In January 1606 he (with Anne, his wife) appeared before the Consistory Court in London to answer a charge of recusancy, with Jonson alone additionally accused of allowing his fame as a Catholic to "seduce" citizens to the cause.[20] This was a serious matter (the Gunpowder Plot was still fresh in mind) but he explained that his failure to take communion was only because he had not found sound theological endorsement for the practice, and by paying a fine of thirteen shillings he escaped the more serious penalties at the authorities' disposal. His habit was to slip outside during the sacrament, a common routine at the time—indeed it was one followed by the royal consort, Queen Anne, herself—to show political loyalty while not offending the conscience.[21] Leading church figures, including John Overall, Dean of St Paul's, were tasked with winning Jonson back to orthodoxy, but these overtures were resisted.[22]In May 1610 King Henri IV of France, a Catholic monarch respected in England for tolerance towards Protestants, was assassinated, purportedly in the name of the Pope, and this seems to have been the immediate cause of Jonson's decision to rejoin the Church of England.[23][24] He did this in flamboyant style, pointedly drinking a full chalice of communion wine at the eucharist to demonstrate his renunciation of the Catholic rite, in which the priest alone drinks the wine.[25][26]The exact date of the ceremonyis unknown.[24] However his interest in Catholic belief and practice remained with him until his death.[27]Decline and death[edit]Jonson began to decline in the 1620s. He was still well-known; from this time dates the prominence of the Sons of Ben or the "Tribe of Ben", those younger poets such as Robert Herrick, Richard Lovelace, and Sir John Suckling who took their bearing in verse from Jonson. However, a series of setbacks drained his strength and damaged his reputation. He resumed writing regular plays in the 1620s, but these are not considered among his best. They are of significant interest, however, for their portrayal of Charles I's England. The Staple of News, for example, offers a remarkable look at the earliest stage of English journalism. The lukewarm reception given that play was, however, nothing compared to the dismal failure of The New Inn; the cold reception given this play prompted Jonson to write a poem condemning his audience (the Ode to Myself), which in turn prompted Thomas Carew, one of the "Tribe of Ben," to respond in a poem that asks Jonson to recognise his own decline.[28]The principal factor in Jonson's partial eclipse was, however, the death of James and the accession of King Charles I in 1625. Jonson felt neglected by the new court. A decisive quarrel with Jones harmed his career as a writer of court masques, although he continued to entertain the court on an irregular basis. For his part, Charles displayed a certain degree of care for the great poet of his father's day: he increased Jonson's annual pension to £100 and included a tierce of wine.Despite the strokes that he suffered in the 1620s, Jonson continued to write. At his death in 1637 he seems to have been working on another play, The Sad Shepherd. Though only two acts are extant, this represents a remarkable new direction for Jonson: a move into pastoral drama. During the early 1630s he also conducted a correspondence with James Howell, who warned him about disfavour at court in the wake of his dispute with Jones.Jonson died on 6 August 1637 and his funeral was held on 9 August. He is buried in the north aisle of the nave in Westminster Abbey, with the inscription "O Rare Ben Johnson" (sic) set in the slab over his grave.[29] John Aubrey, in a more meticulous record than usual, notes that a passer-by, John Young of Great Milton, Oxfordshire, saw the bare grave marker and on impulse paid a workman eighteen pence to make the inscription. Another theory suggests that the tribute came from William D’Avenant, Jonson’s successor as Poet Laureate (and card-playing companion of Young), as the same phrase appears on D'Avenant's nearby gravestone, but essayist LeighHunt contends that Davenant's wording represented no more than Young's coinage, cheaply re-used.[29][30] The fact that Jonson was buried in an upright position was an indication of his reduced circumstances at the time of his death,[31] although it has also been written that he asked for a grave exactly 18 inches square from the monarch and received an upright grave to fit in the requested space.[32][33]It has been claimed that the inscription could be read "Orare Ben Jonson" (pray for Ben Jonson), possibly in an allusion to Jonson's acceptance of Catholic doctrine during his lifetime (although he had returned to the Church of England in about 1610, when anti-Catholic laws once again become more strictly enforced) but the carving shows a distinct space between "O" and "rare".[11][34][35]His work[edit]Drama[edit]Apart from two tragedies, Sejanus and Catiline, that largely failed to impress Renaissance audiences, Jonson's work for the public theatres was in comedy. These plays vary in some respects. The minor early plays, particularly those written for boy players, present somewhat looser plots and less-developed characters than those written later, for adult companies. Already in the plays which were his salvos in the Poet's War, he displays the keen eye for absurdity and hypocrisy that marks his best-known plays; in these early efforts, however, plot mostly takes second place to variety of incident and comic set-pieces. They are, also, notably ill-tempered. Thomas Davies called Poetaster "a contemptible mixture of the serio-comic, where the names of Augustus Caesar, Maecenas, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, and Tibullus, are all sacrificed upon the altar of private resentment." Another early comedy in a different vein, The Case is Altered, is markedly similar to Shakespeare's romantic comedies in its foreign setting, emphasis on genial wit, and love-plot. Henslowe's diary indicates that Jonson had a hand in numerous other plays, including many in genres such as English history with which he is not otherwise associated.The comedies of his middle career, from Eastward Ho to The Devil is an Ass are for the most part city comedy, with a London setting, themes of trickery and money, and a distinct moral ambiguity, despite Jonson's professed aim in the Prologue to Volpone to "mix profit with your pleasure". His late plays or "dotages", particularly The Magnetic Lady and The SadShepherd, exhibit signs of an accommodation with the romantic tendencies of Elizabethan comedy.Within this general progression, however, Jonson's comic style remained constant and easily recognisable. He announces his programme in the prologue to the folio version of Every Man in His Humour: he promises to represent "deeds, and language, such as men do use." He planned to write comedies that revived the classical premises of Elizabethan dramatic theory—or rather, since all but the loosest English comedies could claim some descent from Plautus and Terence, he intended to apply those premises with rigour.[36] This commitment entailed negations: after The Case is Altered, Jonson eschewed distant locations, noble characters, romantic plots, and other staples of Elizabethan comedy, focussing instead on the satiric and realistic inheritance of new comedy. He set his plays in contemporary settings, peopled them with recognisable types, and set them to actions that, if not strictly realistic, involved everyday motives such as greed and jealousy. In accordance with the temper of his age, he was often so broad in his characterisation that many of his most famous scenes border on the farcical(as William Congreve, for example, judged Epicoene.) He was more diligent in adhering to the classical unities than many of his peers—although as Margaret Cavendish noted, the unity of action in the major comedies was rather compromised by Jonson's abundance of incident. To this classical model Jonson applied the two features of his style which save his classical imitations from mere pedantry: the vividness with which he depicted the lives of his characters, and the intricacy of his plots. Coleridge, for instance, claimed that The Alchemist had one of the three most perfect plots in literature.Poetry[edit]Jonson's poetry, like his drama, is informed by his classical learning. Some of his better-known poems are close translations of Greek or Roman models; all display the careful attention to form and style that often came naturally to those trained in classics in the humanist manner. Jonson largely avoided the debates about rhyme and meter that had consumed Elizabethan classicists such as Thomas Campion and Gabriel Harvey. Accepting both rhyme and stress, Jonson used them to mimic the classical qualities of simplicity, restraint, and precision.“Epigrams” (published in the 1616 folio) is an entry in a genre that was popular among late-Elizabethan and Jacobean audiences, although Jonson was perhaps the only poet of his time to work in its full classical range. The epigrams explore various attitudes, most from the satiric stockof the day: complaints against women, courtiers, and spies abound. The condemnatory poems are short and anonymous; Jonson’s epigrams of praise, including a famous poem to Camden and lines to Lucy Harington, are longer and are mostly addressed to specific individuals. Although it is included among the epigrams, "On My First Sonne" is neither satirical nor very short; the poem, intensely personal and deeply felt, typifies a genre that would come to be called "lyric poetry." It is possible that the spelling of 'son' as 'Sonne' is meant to allude to the sonnet form, with which it shares some features. A few other so-called epigrams share this quality. Jonson'spoems of “The Forest” also appeared in the first folio. Most of the fifteen poems are addressed to Jonson’s aristocratic supporters, but the most famous are his country-house poem “To Penshurst” and the poem “To Celia” (“Come, my Celia, let us prove”) that appears also in Volpone.Underwood, published in the expanded folio of 1640, is a larger and more heterogeneous group of poems. It contains A Celebration of Charis, Jonson’s most extended effort at love poetry; various religious pieces; encomiastic poems including the poem to Shakespeare and a sonnet on Mary Wroth; the Execration against Vulcan and others. The 1640 volume also contains three elegies which have often been ascribed to Donne (one of them appeared in Donne’s posthumous collected poems). Relationship with Shakespeare[edit]There are many legends about Jonson's rivalry with Shakespeare, some of which may be true. Drummond reports that during their conversation, Jonson scoffed at two apparent absurdities in Shakespeare's plays: a nonsensical line in Julius Caesar, and the setting of The Winter's Tale on thenon-existent seacoast of Bohemia. Drummond also reported Jonson as saying that Shakespeare "wanted art" (i.e., lacked skill). Whether Drummond is viewed as accurate or not, the comments fit well with Jonson's well-known theories about literature.In "De Shakespeare Nostrat" in Timber, which was published posthumously and reflects his lifetime of practical experience, Jonson offers a fuller and more conciliatory comment. He recalls being told by certain actors that Shakespeare never blotted (i.e., crossed out) a line when he wrote. His own response, "Would he had blotted a thousand," was taken as malicious. However, Jonson explains, "He was, indeed, honest, and of an open and free nature, had an excellent phantasy, brave notions, and gentle expressions, wherein he flowed with that facility that sometimes it was necessary he。
高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology Section Ⅰ Reading(Ⅰ)(Wa
Unit 21 Human Biology众所周知，疾病总是困扰我们的健康，有些秘诀可以帮助我们保持健康。
Four Secrets To Never Getting SickEver wonder why you always seem to e down with a life interrupting virus this time of year，while other women you know sail through the seasons snifflefree，coughfree，and achefree?Follow these simple steps to boost your virus protection：Make Friends With Fresh AirNot only does escaping into the fresh air give you a break from all those germs circulating inside，but going for a stroll can actually boost your immunity.Relaxation Fights Off ColdsBeing stressed will increase your susceptibility to catchinga cold.That may be because，over the long term，it leads to theongoing release of stress hormones (荷尔蒙)，such asglucocorticoids(糖皮质激素)．Clean Hands Are EverythingCold and flu can spread all too easily through touch.Keep yourfingers away from your eyes，nose，and mouth as much as possible，andmake sure to master the art of handwashing.Soap and waterremain your most effective tools there.Enough Sleep Is The Magic BulletAn occasional restless night is nothing to worry about，buta continuous lack of sleep can hamper your immune(免疫)system'sability to function.Anything short of seven hours nearly triplesyour odds of catching a cold.[阅读障碍词]1．boost vt.促进；使增加2．stroll n. 漫步；闲逛3．susceptibility n. 敏感性；易感性4．hamper vt.妨碍；阻止5．triple vt.(使某物)增至三倍[诱思导读]1．Why do we often wash our hands in order not to catch a cold?Because cold and flu can spread easily through touch and we often touch something with our hands.2．How can cold and flu spread?By touch.SectionⅠReading(Ⅰ) (Warmup & Lesson 1 )Ⅰ.匹配以下单词的词性及汉语意思( )1.pump A．adj.强制性的，义务的( )2.digest B．adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的( )3.swap C．vt.寻找( )4.abuse D．adj.有争议的( )5.fundamental E．vi.用泵抽出(注入)( )6.seek F．vt.消化( )7.annual G．vi.交换( )me H．adj.根本的；基础的( )9.pulsory I．adj.站不住脚的，不易令人相信的( )10.controversial J．vt.滥用[答案]1－5 EFGJH 6－10 CBIADⅡ.选择以下句中词组的汉语意思A.默不作声地B.气喘吁吁C.或多或少D.导致E.随意地F.偶然遇到( )1.I suspect that he is more or less involved in the affair.( )2.This has contributed to the lack of confidence in the police.( )3.I came across one of my old classmates last night.( )4.By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite out of breath.( )5.We received several answers, and we picked one at random.( )6.Those present just looked at each other in silence.[答案]1－6 CDFBEA100 metres in 8 seconds?Many contemporary amateur(业余的) athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.①Since then, records have fallen in track and field year after year as athletic performances have continually improved.If records fall, it is usually due to better equipment, training and diet, but recently, improvements have begun to slow down.At the 2000 Olympics, only three runners achieved Olympic bests with no world records.Some experts predict a ceiling for many events, such as 9.5 seconds for the 100 metres—Maurice Greene's current record is 9.79 seconds.However, past predictions have nearly always been proved wrong.When we talk about breaking records, we e across the issue(问题) of performanceenhancing (增强表现的)drugs.These drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses, but in the wrong hands②，they create supreme(极度的) athletes making them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings.Taking these drugs is known as “doping〞(服兴奋剂) and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.③百米记录8秒？假如许多当代的业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话，他们有可能打破世界纪录。
广东省茂名市高州市第一中学附属实验中学2021-2022学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试题
广东省茂名市高州市第一中学附属实验中学2021-2022学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、语法选择Since the earliest times, people ____1____ up at the stars, the moon and the planets. Today people use modern machines to look at the sky. This is very different ____2____ the situation thousands of years ago when people could only use their eyes. Perhaps they dreamed of ____3____ more about the universe.When did humans first go into space? The story began not very long ago, ____4____ the first astronauts were not people—they were animals. Scientists wanted to make travelling to space as ____5____ as possible for humans. So they decided to test(测试)with animals in spaceships. Insects(昆虫), mice, frogs, dogs and monkeys were some of those animals. They first went into space. Many of them died, but they helped scientists ____6____ space travel safer for humans. For their great help, we ____7____ forget these animals.Albert II was the first monkey to go into space in 1949. Sadly he died ____8____ his spaceship landed back on Earth. Luckily, the result was different for Ham the Monkey. His story ended ____9____ when he returned to Earth in very good health.Scientists wanted to know the answer to the important question: could an animal like Ham do the same things in space as he could do on Earth? The answer came when scientists sent Ham into space in 1961. Yes, he did everything well and lived for ____10____ 16 years. 1．A．looks B．looked C．have looked D．looking 2．A．for B．from C．as D．with 3．A．learns B．to learn C．learning D．have learnt 4．A．as B．but C．or D．so 5．A．safe B．safer C．safest D．the safest 6．A．made B．makes C．making D．to make 7．A．shouldn’t B．may not C．needn’t D．don’t have to 8．A．because B．after C．if D．since 9．A．happy B．happier C．happily D．happiness 10．A．other B．another C．others D．the others二、完形填空Jordan Remero, a 13-year-old cute boy from California, got a new record by getting to the top of the Mountain Qomolangma(珠穆朗玛峰) at the end of last month. He has become the ___11___ to climb the world’s highest mountain. When he was at the ___12___ of the mountain, he took out the satellite(卫星) phone. He was very excited and happy. He couldn’t wait to ___13___ his mom. “Mom, do you know where I am? You can’t imagine that I am calling you from the top of the ___14___. I love you! I love you, Mom!”The teenager has long curly hair and ___15___ very cute. He began climbing ___16___ when he was nine years old. “I have climbed mountains for four years. Every step I take finally leads me to ___17___ on top of the world.” Jordan once said in his book.Jordan had ___18___ climbed above 8,000 meters before. Thanks to the clear ___19___, he and his team climbed quickly to the top. Climbing with his son, Jordan’s father said he wanted nothing but to make his son’s dream ___20___. Now Jordan hopes to arrive at Antarctica(南极洲)! “It’s a piece of cake for him,” His mother said.11．A．youngest B．slowest C．cleverest D．slowest 12．A．foot B．top C．front D．middle 13．A．take up B．set up C．ring up D．put up 14．A．city B．tree C．country D．world 15．A．seems B．looks C．sounds D．smells 16．A．trees B．buildings C．mountains D．towers 17．A．rest B．lie C．sleep D．stand 18．A．already B．never C．still D．always 19．A．weather B．snow C．water D．air 20．A．come across B．come true C．come out D．come on三、阅读单选Captain(机长) Ben Johnson is my neighbour. He is 55 years old, and he is tall and strong. He has brown hair. Last week he retired(退休) from the army and came back home. He has just bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The “taxi” is a small Swiss planecalled a “Dragonfly”. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers(乘客). The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on any outside field.Captain Johnson’s first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. The doctor had to arrive there as fast as possible because there was an accident. A snake bit a little boy, and the boy was badly hurt. Luckily, Captain Johnson took the doctor there in time, and the boy was saved.Since then, Captain Johnson has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the top of a building, and on another flight, he landed in a deserted car park — People don’t use that parking-lot(停车场) any more because it is very old and it has gone out of use. Captain Johnson has just refused(拒绝) a strange flying invitation from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a small lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean(大西洋). Captain Johnson did not take him because the trip was not safe enough. If he promises to take the businessman there, that means he has to land on water, and he is not sure of taking off from water successfully after that.21．Captain Ben Johnson retired from _______ last week.A．a school B．an army C．a hospital D．a factory 22．The small plane can land on anywhere except _______.A．fire B．snow C．field D．water 23．The doctor had to hurry to the village because _______.A．He wanted to see his grandparents B．A girl was badly hurtC．Captain Johnson didn’t have much time D．There was an accident24．The underlined word “deserted” means _______ in Chinese.A．沙漠B．离岗C．废弃D．失望25．Captain Johnson didn’t fly the man to Rockall because _______.A．that lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean is very far awayB．his small plane can only land on the top of a buildingC．he is not sure of taking off successfully after landing on waterD．his small plane can take as many as seven passengersCoffee or tea? Which is your favorite drink? Tea-drinking is more popular in the culture and long traditions of many Asian countries, like China and Japan. But is that changing? Areyoung people from Asia now choosing a cup of coffee instead of tea? I spoke with some Chinese ladies to learn if they like coffee over tea since moving to the United States.Beibei Su is from China. She has been living in the United States for the past eight years. Before that, she lived in Italy for two years. Ms. Su says she is a tea drinker and she likes tea better than coffee. But she said that may not be true among younger people in China now. She thinks Chinese younger people are drinking more coffee and becoming coffee drinkers because they love coffee more than tea.Many young Chinese people drink coffee socially(社交)—when meeting with friends. Yang Lin lives in the U.S. but comes from Fujian, China famous for growing tea. She used to only drink tea while in China as a child. But now, she says, she drinks both. “I was a tea drinker when I was back in China. But I like coffee the same as tea now.” She also says that drinking coffee for her is a social activity. She and her co-workers like to sit in a café(咖啡店) and talk over a cup of coffee.Yoyo is another Chinese woman who now lives in Washington, D．C．She says that after moving to the U.S., her tastes changed. “I used to be a tea drinker before I came to the United States. But now I am getting to be a very heavy coffee drinker. Like I went from one cup a day to three cups a day, and if I stop one day, I will have a headache.”In fact, on average(平均) a person in China drinks about five cups of coffee a year. This information comes from the China Coffee Association(协会) Beijing. That is far below the world average of 240 cups a year. But the association says the amount(数量) of coffee that Chinese drink is growing by about 15 percent every year.26．In which countries is tea-drinking more popular in the culture and traditions?A．In Asia.B．In Europe.C．In Africa.D．In the U.S. 27．Which of the following is not mentioned(提及) about Beibei Su?A．She has lived in the U.S. for 8 years.B．She likes Italian noodles.C．She lived in Italy for 2 years.D．She likes tea better than coffee. 28．When does Yang Lin mostly enjoy drinking coffee?A．While in Fujian, China.B．While as a child.C．While with her co-workers.D．While with her family.29．How many cups of coffee does Yoyo drink in a day now?A．One cup.B．Tow cups.C．Three cups.D．Four cups. 30．Which of the following is TRUE?A．On average a person in China drinks about four cups of coffee a year.B．The world average of drinking coffee is more than 240 cups a year.C．The information comes from China Tea Association Beijing.D．The amount of Chinese coffee-drinking is growing by about 15 percent every year.四、阅读匹配配对阅读：左栏是五个人对手机应用软件的需求情况，右栏是七种手机应用软件的功能简介。
英国文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）
英国文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。
文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。
托马斯·莫尔（1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。
Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。
《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（The New Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（Gulliver’s Travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（Erewhon）一直延续到20世纪的科幻小说。
文艺复兴时期诗歌创作繁荣，埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser, 1552-1599）的长诗《仙后》（The Faerie Queene）歌颂女王，宣扬人文主义思想。
他创造的“斯宾塞诗体”每节诗有九行，韵律复杂，具有柔和动听、萦绕耳际的音乐性。
弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon, 1561-1626）是这一时期最重要的散文家，他对文学的主要贡献是《论说文集》（Essays），共58篇。
这些文章题材广泛，内容涉及哲学、宗教、政治制度以及婚姻、爱情、友谊、园艺、读书等，文笔典雅，略带古风而又明白畅达。
英国戏剧起源于中世纪教堂的宗教仪式，取材于圣经故事的神秘剧和奇迹剧在14、15世纪英国舞台上占有主导地位，随后出现了以抽象概念作为剧中人物的道德剧。
到了16世纪末，戏剧进入全盛时期。
克里斯托弗·马洛（Christopher Marlowe, 1564-1593）冲破旧的戏剧形式的束缚，创作了一种新戏剧。
《跨文化交际与翻译》language and communication
Case study: Use one of Hofstede's four dimension to explain the following case.
• When my boss came into my office for the first time, I stood up immediately to show my respect. The boss misunderstood my behavior, thought I was going out,and said he would talk with me in a while. I was accustomed to respecting all those in authority. On one occasion, I offered my seat to the Head of the Department of Internal Medicine. He said “Thanks” and sat down. During the conference,he kept turning around and looking at me, which made me feel ill at ease. When the conference was over, he came over and apologized to me,“I thought you were leaving the conference.You don't have to offer me.”
Language most shows a man. Speak, that I may see thee.
---- Ben Johnson
The limits of my language are the limits of my world.
初中英语人名大全
Jenny 詹妮(女名) Gina 吉娜(女名) Alan 艾伦(男名) Mary 玛丽(女名) Jim 吉姆(男名) Tony 托尼(男名) Tom 汤姆(男名) Bob 鲍勃(男名) Mike 迈克(男名) Green 格林(姓) Miller 米勒(姓) Jack 杰克(男名) Smith 史密斯(姓) brown 布朗(布朗) Linda 琳达(女名) Nick 尼克(男名) Kim 金(女名) Hand 汉德(姓) Tim 蒂姆(男名) Sonia 索尼娅(女名) Kelsey 大卫(男名) David-Jane 凯思(女名) Dave 戴夫(男名)Anna 安娜(女名)Paul 保罗(男名)Emma 艾玛(女名)Mona 莫娜(女名)Tommy 汤米(男名)Sally 萨莉(女名)Peter 彼得(男名)Barry 巴里(男名)Ed 埃德(男名)Hall 霍尔(姓)Bill 比尔(男名)Sandra 桑德拉(女名)Clark 克拉克(姓)Joe 乔(男名)Lisa 莉萨(女名)Vera 薇拉(女名)Jeff 杰夫(男名)Leila 莱拉(女名)Robert 罗伯特(男名)John 约翰(男名)William 威廉(男名)Tina 蒂娜(女名)Johnson 约翰逊(男名)Ben 本(男名)Maria 玛丽亚(女名)Michelle 米歇尔(女名)June 琼(女名)Edward 爱德华(男名)Jackson 杰克逊(姓)Rick 瑞克(男名)Jackie 杰克(男名)Rowan Atkinson 罗温艾金森Jet 杰特(男名)Jennifer 詹妮弗(女名)Victor 维克多(男名)Cindy 辛蒂(女名)Jones 琼斯(姓)Jerry 杰里(男名)Alicia 阿莉西亚(女名)Scott 斯科特(姓或男名)。
Ben_Jonson
Sejanus (1603)
Cateline (1611)
Cateline (1611)
Every Man in His Humor (1598)
Every Man in His Humor (1598)
Volpone, or the Fox (1606)
Volpone, or the Fox (1606)
Volpone, or the Fox (1606)
Volpone, or the Fox (1606)
Volpone, or the Fox (1606)
Volpone, or the Fox (1606)
• Then working as an actor and playwright for Philip Henslowe's theater company. Shortly after his first great play opened, Jonson killed Gabriel Spencer in a duel and was tried for murder. He spent only a few weeks in prison,
• 本.琼生评价莎士比亚：他不属于一个时 代，而属于一切时代。
Characteristics of His Plays
• He had a boisterous & even cruel sense of humor. • He showed enormous vigor & impressive originality even
“Three unities”
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Ben Jonson’s Works
Volpone (1606) «狐狸 狐狸» 狐狸 The Alchemist (1610) «炼金术士 炼金术士» 炼金术士
Johnson’s comedies are “comedies of humors.” A "humour" is a predominent peculiarity of a certain person, which determines his behaviour, thoughts and manner of speech. Every character in Johnson's comedies personifies a definite “humor”.
Ben Jonson’s Poems
Song: To Celia “致 西 丽 ow “女人是男人的影子” 女人是男人的影子”
Song: To Celia
(罗经国P198) 罗经国P
Drink to me, only with thine eyes And I will pledge with mine; Or leave a kiss but in the cup, And I'll not look for wine. wine. The thirst that from the soul doth rise Doth ask a drink divine: But might I of Jove's nectar sup I would not change for thine. I sent thee late a rosy wreath, wreath, Not so much honouring thee As giving it a hope that there It could not withered be But thou thereon didst only breath And sent'st it back to me: Since, when it grows and smells, I swear, Not of itself but thee.
Ben Jonson 本•琼森 (1572(1572-1637)
Ben Jonson (1572—1637) (1572—
Ben Jonson’s Works ☆
A prolific dramatist, but he is mainly remembered as the author of following comedy: Every Man in His Humor (1598) «人人高兴 人人高兴» 人人高兴