【9A文】马拉维：静待开发的投资热土(中英文版)--中国投资非洲版2016年12月号

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马拉维投资促进法英文版

INVESTMENT PROMOTION ACT (1991)投资促进法（1991）ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS目录SECTIONPART I - PRELIMINARY第一章前言1. Short title2. InterpretationPART II - PROMOTION OF INVESTMENT IN MALAWI3. The Statement and the Investors Guide to rank paramount4. Publication and revision of the Statement and the Investors Guide PART III - THE MALAWI INVESTMENT PROMOTION AGENCY5. Establishment of the Agency6. General authority of the Agency7. Compliance with the requirement of written lawsPART IV - OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AGENCY8. General objectives and functions of the AgencyPART V - ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE AGENCY9. Board of Directors10. Composition of the Board11. Tenure of office of members of the Board12. Members not to delegate attendance to the business of the Board13. Co-opted persons14. Meetings of the Board15. Powers and functions of the Board16. General Manager of the Agency17. Other staff of the Agency18. Duties of the General Manager19. Salaries20. Honorarium for Board membersPART VI - FINANCIAL PROVISIONS21. Funds of the Agency22. Levy23. Financial year24. Books and other records of account25. Audit26. Pensions and other fundsPART VIII - MISCELLANEOUS27. Regulations, rules or ordersSCHEDULESUPPLEMENTAn Act to accord paramount status to the investment policies andprocedures contained in the Statement of Investment Policies andthe Investors Guide issued by the Government and revised fromtime to time; to establish the Malawi Investment PromotionAgency and to provide for its powers, duties and generalauthority; and to provide for matters connected with or incidentalto the foregoing[16TH MARCH 1992]PARTI - PRELIMINARY第一章前言1. Act may be cited as the Investment Promotion Act, 1991.1. 本法为投资促进法（1991）2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-2. 本法中除非文义另有所指，以下名词指："Agency" means the Malawi Investment Promotion Agency established by section 5;机构指按照第五条设立的马拉维投资促进机构；"Appropriate Minister" means the Minister responsible for the subject matter in question; 相应部长指对所指问题负责的部长；"Board" means the board of directors of the Agency established by section 10;董事会指按照第十条所设机构的董事会；"Chairman" means the chairman of the Board;主席指董事会主席；"Investment" means private investment, and other grammatical variations or cognate expressions thereof shall be construed accordingly;投资指私人投资或其他同义或类似表达；"Investor" means an existing or potential investor;投资者指现有或潜在投资者"Investors Guide" or "Guide" means the publication as set out in the schedule to this Actas a supplement to the Statement of Investment Policies and as from time to timerevised;投资者指南或指南指本法计划发行的刊物，是投资政策声明的补充并将时常修订；"Minister" means the President in his ministerial responsibility for the Office of thePresident and Cabinet;部长指"Statement of Investment Policies" or "Statement" means he statement of theGovernment as set out in the Schedule to this Act and as from time to time revised,being a statement containing the principles of the Government aimed at promoting and assisting investment in Malawi.“投资政策声明”或“声明”指按照本法计划发布的官方声明，声明随时更新并包含了政府旨在促进和帮助在马拉维投资的原则。

中国在非洲的投资与资源开发

中国在非洲的投资与资源开发下载温馨提示：该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by the editor. I hope that after you download them, they can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types of practical materials, such as educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts, other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!自20世纪初以来逐渐增加，随着中国经济的快速崛起，这一趋势愈发明显。

中国与非洲的经贸合作白皮书(汉英对照版)

中国与非洲的经贸合作前言中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，非洲是发展中国家最集中的大陆，中国和非洲的人口占世界人口三分之一以上。

发展经济和推动社会进步是中国与非洲共同面临的任务。

多年来，在发展过程中，中国与非洲充分发挥双方资源条件和经济结构等方面的互补性，按照平等相待、讲求实效、互惠互利、共同发展的原则，不断加强经贸合作，努力实现互利共赢。

实践证明，中非经贸合作符合双方共同利益，有助于非洲实现联合国千年发展目标，促进了中非共同繁荣和进步。

２０世纪５０年代，中非经贸合作以贸易和对非援助为主。

在双方共同努力下，合作领域不断拓宽，合作内容日益丰富。

特别是２０００年中非合作论坛成立后，双方经贸合作进一步加强和活跃，贸易、投资、基础设施、能力建设全面推进，金融、旅游等领域的合作逐步拓展，形成了多层次、宽领域的格局，处在新的历史起点上。

中非经贸合作是南南合作的重要组成部分，为南南合作注入新的活力，提升了发展中国家在国际政治经济格局中的地位，为推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序发挥着重要作用。

中国也愿与其他国家和国际组织一道，加强与非洲国家的磋商与协调，共同参与非洲建设，共同推动非洲的和平、发展与进步一、促进贸易平衡发展贸易是中非经贸合作最初的形式。

伴随着中非关系的发展和交往的增多，中非贸易规模日益扩大。

１９５０年，中非双边贸易额仅为１２１４万美元，１９６０年达到１亿美元，１９８０年超过１０亿美元。

２０００年迈上百亿美元台阶后，中非贸易呈现快速增长势头。

２００８年突破了１０００亿美元，其中中国对非洲出口５０８亿美元，自非洲进口５６０亿美元。

２０００年至２００８年，中非贸易年均增长率高达３３.５％，占中国对外贸易总额的比重由２.２％升至４.２％，占非洲对外贸易总额的比重由３.８％升至１０.４％。

２００９年，虽然受国际金融危机影响，中非贸易额下降到９１０.７亿美元，但中国在当年首次成为非洲第一大贸易伙伴国。

随着世界经济复苏，中非贸易呈现良好的恢复发展态势。

Green Plans

**Green Plans**In the grand tapestry of our existence, the "Green Plans" emerge as the guiding threads that weave a future of harmony and sustainability. As Mahatma Gandhi wisely stated, "The earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed." This profound statement serves as a poignant reminder of the delicate balance we must strive to maintain.The present state of our world is marked by a growing imbalance, with the relentless pursuit of economic growth often coming at the expense of our environment. The once-pristine landscapes are now marred by sprawling industrial complexes and urban sprawl. The once-clear rivers and lakes are now polluted with industrial effluents and domestic waste.The excessive consumption of resources has led to a depletion that threatens our future. The rapid deforestation in regions like the Amazon and Southeast Asia not only destroys the habitats of countless species but also contributes to climate change by releasing vast amounts of carbon dioxide.The reliance on fossil fuels for energy has exacerbated the problem, with the burning of coal, oil, and gas emitting harmful greenhouse gases. This has led to a warming planet, causing extreme weather events and rising sea levels.However, amidst these challenges, there are promising signs of a shift towards greener plans. The increasing popularity of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power is a step in the right direction. Nations like Germany and Denmark have made significant progress in integrating these clean energies into their grids.The concept of circular economy is gaining traction, where resources are reused and recycled to minimize waste. Companies are beginning to adopt more sustainable production methods, reducing their environmental footprint.Sustainable agriculture practices are also being promoted, with a focus on organic farming and conservation agriculture. This helps to protect the soil, conserve water, and reduce the use of harmful pesticides and fertilizers.To ensure the successful implementation of green plans, a collective effort is required. Governments must formulate and enforce strictenvironmental policies and regulations. They should invest in research and development to drive innovation in green technologies.Businesses need to embrace sustainability as a core principle, integrating it into their strategic planning and operations. Consumers, too, have a crucial role to play by making eco-conscious choices in their daily lives.In conclusion, green plans are not just an option but an imperative for our survival and the well-being of future generations. They represent a path towards a more sustainable and prosperous world. Let us join hands with determination and optimism, for a future where our actions are guided by a commitment to protecting and nurturing our planet. Only through our united efforts can we transform these plans into a reality and create a world that is truly green and sustainable.。

翻译参考

一、中译英随着国家西部大开发战略的深入实施，中国—东盟自由贸易区如期启动实施，广西北部湾经济区开放开发作为国家战略加快推进，国务院出台进一步促进广西经济社会发展的若干意见，南宁迎来了重大发展机遇，开放合作进入了崭新的阶段。

南宁市突出的区位、政策、资源优势以及广阔的市场空间、，吸引了越来越多海内外战略投资者的目光，成为中外企业家投资兴业的“洼地”。

我们热忱欢迎各位企业家朋友前来南宁参观考察、交流合作、投资发展，共享中国—东盟自由贸易区建成以及广西北部湾经济区开放开发带来的新机遇，携手开加美好的未来The national strategy of the western development is further implemented. China-ASEAN Free Trade Area runs as scheduled. Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone accelerates as a national strategy. The State Department publishes On Further Promoting the Economic and Social Development of Guangxi Autonomous Region. With all these Nanning is provided with a significant development opportunity and has started a new stage of opening-up and cooperating. Its prominent advantage of area, policy and resource, extensive market space and superior investment environment attract more and more strategic investors from home and abroad and thus make Nanning the “Silicon Valley”of investment and development of Chinese and foreign entrepreneurs. We warmly welcome distinguished entrepreneurs and friends to visit Nanning, exchange and cooperate, invest and develop. We together enjoy the new opportunities brought about by China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and Guangxi Beibu GulfEconomic Zone. We together create a brighter future.二、中译英在开场歌舞热烈的律动中以《刘三姐》音乐演绎出的对歌风趣欢快。

非洲热土期待投资——记“第二届非洲石油、能源及矿产投资论坛”

Investment in Africa to be Aspired--2nd African Petroleum, Energy ＆ Mining Investment Forum 作者：王立敏
作者机构：《国际石油经济》记者
出版物刊名：国际石油经济
页码： 46-50页
主题词：非洲国家;第二届;投资;论坛;石油;矿产;能源;尼日利亚;莫桑比克;纳米比亚
摘要：2006年4月3日-4日，“第二届非洲石油、能源及矿产投资论坛”在北京展览馆报告厅举行。

由尼日利亚、莫桑比克、加蓬、南非、斯威士兰、加纳、肯尼亚、纳米比亚、毛里求斯、坦桑尼亚等十多个非洲国家政府机构和企业代表组成的庞大的非洲代表团以及中方代表共100多人出席了论坛。

本届论坛由总部设在伦敦的外国投资网有限公司（FIN）主办，旨在为中方提供一个了解非洲的机会，为中国投资商和国际金融机构提供一个探讨商机的平台。

Ted演讲theboilingriver中英对照

volcanoes in the Amazon, nor in most of Peru. So it follows: We should not expect to see a boiling river.我咨询了一些同僚,他们来自各大高校,政府部门,石油、天然气和矿业公司,所有人的答案都是“不”;这个答案是有道理的;因为沸腾的河流的确存在,但通常是在火山旁;只有一个强大的热源,才制造出如此大的地热现象;你看到的这些红点,它们代表火山,而在亚马逊是没有火山的,秘鲁的大部分地区也没有火山;所以得出的结论为：这片区域看不到沸腾的河流;close enough. The river flowed hot and fast.I followed it upriver and was led by, actually, the shaman's apprenticeto the most sacred site on the river. And this is what's bizarre -- It starts off as a cold stream.And here, at this site, is the home of the Yacumama, mother of the waters, a giant serpent spirit who births hot and cold water. And here we find a hot spring,mixing with cold stream water underneath her protective motherly jawsand thus bringing their legends to life.我立马拿起了温度计,测量到这条河流的平均温度为86℃;虽然这并没有达到100℃的沸点,但也很接近了;这条高温河水流湍急;在这位萨满大师徒弟的带领下,我沿河而上,去往这条河最神圣的地点;奇妙的事情发生了,这条河的起点是冷流;而这个地方,是亚库马马的故乡,亚库马马是河之母,是创造冷热水的巨大的蛇灵;而在这里,我们找到了一处热泉,同受她保护的河口下的冷流混合在一起,将这些传说变为现实;I pour the waters back into the groundso that, as the shaman said,the waters could find their way back home.我对这条河的研究得到了萨满大师的祝福,他只有一点要求,那便是待我取样并带回实验室分析后,不管我在世界的哪一个角落,我要把这些水倒回地上,萨满大师说,这样这些水便能回到河流里;➢Despite his skepticism, he was still expecting to see the boiling river.➢He promised to pour the water samples back into the ground after analyzing them in his lab.➢He was freaking out when the shaman asked about his intentions.➢He immediately grabbed his thermometer to measure the river’s temperature.Now, I understand not all of you are geothermal scientists,so to put it in more everyday terms:Everyone loves coffee.Yes Good.Your regular cup of coffee, 54 degrees C,an extra-hot one, well, , put in coffee shop terms,the boiling river plots like this.There you have your hot coffee.Here you have your extra-hot coffee,and you cansee that there's a bit point therewhere the river is still hotter than even the extra-hot coffee.And these are average water temperatures.We took these in the dry season toBut there's a magic number here that's not being shown,and that number is 47 degrees C,because that's where things start to hurt,and I know this from very personal experience.Above that temperature, you don't want to get in that water.You need to be careful.It can be deadly.但有一个神奇的数字并没有显示出来,那就是47℃,因为这是有害的临界点;我知道这一点是因为我自己有过这样的经历;超过47℃之后,没有人会想站在那里;你得格外小心;因为这可能是致命的;I've seen all sorts of animals fall in,and what's shocking to me, is the process is pretty much the same.So they fall in and the first thing to go are the eyes. Eyes, apparently, cook very quickly. They turn this milky-white color.The stream is carrying them.They're trying to swim out, but their meat is cooking on the bonebecause it's so hot.So they're losing power, losing power,until finally they get to a point where hot water goes into their mouthsand they cook from the inside out.我看到各种各样的动物掉入河里,让我感到惊讶的是,整个过程几乎都雷同的;当它们掉进河里时,第一个受到伤害的便是眼睛;眼睛显然不用煮多久,便成了奶白色;河流把它们卷走;虽然它们试着游上岸,但是他们正在被由外到内烹饪着,因为温度实在太高了;于是,它们渐渐地失去了力气,最后热水冲进了嘴里,从内外外烹饪的过程开始了;➢What’s truly incredible, though, is the scale of this place.➢We took these in the dry season to ensure the purest geothermal temperatures.➢It indicates that humanity has always sought to explain the world around us.A bit sadistic, aren't we Jeez. Leave them marinating for a little longer. What's, again, amazing are these temperatures. They're similar to things that I've seen on volcanoes all over the world and even super-volcanoes like Yellowstone.有点让人难过,不是吗天呐;让它们在腌制一会儿;另一个神奇之处便是温度;这些河的温度和我所见过的火山差不多,甚至类似于黄石的超级火山;But here's the thing: the data is showing that the boiling river exists independent of volcanism. It's neither magmatic or volcanic in origin, and again, over 700 kilometers away from the nearest volcanic center.但有意思的是：根据数据,这条沸腾河和火山并不是共存关系;这和磁场或火山都没关系,再强调一次,最近的火山离这里也有700公里远;How can a boiling river exist like this I've asked geothermal experts and volcanologists for years, and I'm still unable to find another non-volcanic geothermal system of this magnitude. It's unique. It's special on a global scale. So, still -- how does it work Where do we get this heat There's still more research to be done to better constrain the problem and better understand the system, but from what the data is telling us now,it looks to be the result of a large hydrothermal system.这样一条沸腾的河流是怎么形成的呢多年来,我询问了许多地热专家和火山研究者们,至今也没能找到另外一个非火山的地热系统,有如此大的规模;这是独一无二的;在全球范围内来说都是特别的;但,它到底是怎么运作的呢这些热量从哪里来的人们还要做许多的研究才能更好的控制这个问题并理解这种系统,但从目前我们获得的数据看,似乎是由大型热泉系统导致的;Basically, it works like this: So, the deeper you go into the earth, the hotter it gets.We refer to this as the geothermal gradient.The waters could be coming from as far away as glaciers in the Andes, then seeping down deep into the earth and coming out to form the boiling river after getting heated up from the geothermal gradient,all due to this unique geologic setting.概括起来便是：越接近地球核心,温度越高;我们称此为地热梯度;这些水可能是遥远的安第斯山脉冰川融水,逐渐渗透入地球核心,然后以沸腾河的形式流出,在受到地热梯度的加热之后,这一切都归功于这种独特的地质特征;Now, we found that in and around the river --this is working with colleaguesfrom National Geographic, Dr. Spencer Wells, and Dr. Jon Eisen from UC Davis -- we genetically sequenced the extremophile life forms living in and aroundBut again, despite all of these studies, all of these discoveries and the legends, a question remains: What is the significance of the boiling river What is thesignificance of this stationary cloud that always hovers over this patch of jungle And what is the significance of a detail in a childhood legend但,尽管有这些研究,这些发现和传说,仍有一个问题萦绕人心：沸腾河的存在有重要意义吗那片笼罩丛林的静止的云的存在有什么意义呢再者,童年时代听到的传说又有什么重要性呢To the shaman and his community, it's a sacred site.To me, as a geoscientist, it's a unique geothermal phenomenon. But to the illegal loggers and cattle farmers, it's just another resource to exploit. And to the Peruvian government, it's just anotherst retch of unprotected land ready for development.对萨满大师和那里的居民来说,这是一个神圣的地方;对我来说,作为一名地球学家,这是独特的地热现象;但对于非法伐木和畜牧农场主来说,这只不过是另一个可以开采的地方而已;而对于秘鲁政府来说,这只不过是另一个未受保护的地方等待被开发而已;My goal is to ensure that whoever controls this land understands the boiling river's uniqueness and significance. Because that's the question, one of significance. And the thing there is, we define significance. It's us. We have that power. We are the ones who draw that line between the sacred and the trivial. And in this age, where everything seems mapped, measured and studied, in this age of information, I remind you all that discoveries are not just made in the black void of the unknown but in the white n oise of overwhelming data.我的目标是确保不管是谁掌管这片土地,他们都能明白这条沸腾河的独特性和重要性;因为这才是问题所在,是重要意义之一;而结论是,重要与否是由我们来定义的;我们;人类掌握着这项权利;是我们来界定什么是神圣的,什么是微不足道的;而在这个时代,事物看起来似乎都在地图上绘画出来,测量过并研究过,在这个信息时代,我要提醒大家的是新发现并不是在一片虚渺荒芜的黑暗中发现的,而是在堆积如山的数据白噪点中发现的;There remains so much to explore. We live in an incredible world. So go out. Be curious. Because we do live in a world where shamans still sing to the spirits of the jungle, where rivers do boil and where legends do come to life.还有许多等待人们去探索;我们的世界是如此的奇妙; 让我们走出去;带着好奇心;因为我们生活的这个世界仍有萨满大师为丛林精灵吟唱,有会沸腾的河流,有传说成为现实;Thank you very much.谢谢大家➢Geothermal energy is produced by heat from inside the Earth.➢The data is showing that the boiling river exists independent of volcanism.➢➢Whoever controls this land should understand the boiling river’s uniqueness and significance.➢Even in the information age, there is still so much to be explored and learned.➢To the illegal loggers and cattle farmers, it’s just another resource to exploit.➢we need to be curious and adventurous in this information age.➢The fieldwork is exhilarating, demanding and at times dangerous.➢Even in the information age, there is still so much to be explored and learned.➢We took these in the dry season to ensure the purest geothermal temperatures.。

中国与非洲的经贸合作-法中英全版

Coopération économiqueet commercialeentre la Chine et l’AfriqueSommaireAvant-proposI. Promouvoir un développement commercial équilibréII. Diversifier les investissements mutuelsIII. Accorder de l’importance aux infrastructuresIV. Renforcer l’édification des capacités de déve- loppementV. Contribuer à l’élévation du niveau de vie de la populationVI. Elargir les domaines de coopérationVII. Faire valoir le r?le d’orientation du Forum de coopération sino-africaineConclusionAnnexe I : Les huit mesures prononcées par la Chine lors du sommet de Beijing du Forum de coopération sino-africaineAnnexe II : Les huit nouvelles mesures promises par la Chine lors de la 4e Conférenceministérielle du Forum de coopération sino-africaineAvant-proposLa Chine est le plus grand pays en voie de déve- loppement, et l’Afrique, le continent avec la plus grande concentration de pays en voie de développement. Leur population réunie représente plus d’un tiers de la population mondiale. L’essor économique et l’avancement des progrès sociaux constituent, pour l’une comme pour l’autre, une t?che commune.Depuis de longues années, la Chine et l’Afrique n’ont cessé de mettre pleinement en valeur les diverses complémentarités de leurs ressources et de leur structure économique au cours de leurdéveloppement respectif. Conformément aux principes d’égalité, d’efficacité, de bénéficesréciproques et de développement commun, les deux parties n’ont cessé de renforcer leurcoopération économique et commerciale afin de réaliser des profits mutuels. L’expérience a prouvé que la coopération économique et commerciale sino-africaine répond aux intérêts communs des deux parties, permet à l’Afrique de réaliser les objectifs du Millénaire pour ledéveloppement fixés par les Nations unies, et contribue à la prospérité et aux progrès simultanés de la Chine et de l’Afrique.Dans les années 1950, la coopération économique et commerciale entre la Chine et le continent africain était basée sur le commerce et l’aide à l’Afrique. Gr?ce à des efforts conjugués, cette coopération a vu ses horizons s’élargir et ses projets se multiplier. L’inauguration du Forum de coopération sino-africaine en l’an 2000, n’a fait qu’intensifier et ranimer la coopération bilatérale. Le commerce, les investis sements, les infrastructures et l’édification des capacités ont progressé ; et la coopération dans les domaines financier et touristique a été élargie, de sorte qu’une situation comportant divers niveaux et domaines a pris forme et a marqué un nouveau point de départhistorique pour la coopération sino-africaine.La coopération économique et commerciale sino- africaine, partie importante de la coopération Sud-Sud, a apporté à cette dernière une nouvelle vitalité, a rehaussé le statut des pays en voie dedév eloppement au sein de la communauté internationale, tant sur le plan politique qu’économique, et a joué un r?le important dans la mise en place d’un nouvel ordre politique et économique international, caractérisé par la justice et la rationalité. De concert avec les autres pays et organisations internatio- nales, la Chine désire d’ailleurs renforcer les consultations et la coordination avec les pays africains, participer à la construction de l’Afrique et promouvoir la paix, le développement et les progrès sur ce continent.I. Promouvoir un développement commercial équilibréLe commerce a représenté la forme initiale de la coopération économique et commerciale entre la Chine et l’Afrique. Avec l’intensification des relations sino- africaines et la multiplication deséchanges, le volume du commerce sino-africain n’a cessé de cro?tre. De 12,14 millions de dollars américains en 1950, le montant des échanges commerciaux entre la Chine et l’Afrique a atteint 100 millions en 1960 et a dépassé 1 milliard en 1980. Depuis le franchissement du palier des 10 milliards de dollars américains en l’an 2000, la croissance du commerce sino-africain s’estaccélérée : en 2008, le montant des échanges a dépassé les 100 milliards de dollars, dont 50,8 milliards pour les exportations de la Chine, et 56 milliards pour ses importations. De 2000 à 2008, le commerce sino-africain a connu une croissance moyenne annuelle de 33,5% ; sa part dans le commerce extérieur de la Chine est passée de 2,2% à 4,2%, et sa part dans le commerce extérieur de l’Afrique, de 3,8% à 10,4%. En 2009, à cause de la crise financière internationale, le montant des échanges commerciaux sino-africains a chuté à 91,07 milliards de dollars. Cependant, lamême année, la Chine est devenue pour la première fois le plus grand partenaire commercial del’Afrique. Avec le rétablisse- ment de l’économie mondiale, le commerce sino-africain a commencé à reprendre son essor. Il conna?t maintenant une bonne situation de développement. De janvier à novembre 2010, le montant des échanges commerciaux sino-africains a atteint 114,81 milliards de dollars, soit une augmentation de 43,5% par rapport à la même période de l’annéeprécédente.La croissance quantitative du commerce sino-africain a été accompagnée d’une amélioration desa structure. Les produits jouissant d’une supériorité relative ont été réci- proquement introduits sur le marché du partenaire. Dans les années 1980 et 1990, la Chine a exporté principale- ment vers l’Afrique des articles d’industrie légère, des denrées alim entaires, des produits chimiques, des produits du terroir et de l’élevage. Depuis l’an 2000, l’exportation d’équipements mécaniques,d’automobiles et de produits électroniques a connu une croissance remarquable, avec une augmentation considérable de la qua lité et de la technicité des marchandises. A l’heure actuelle, parmi les articles chinois exportés vers l’Afrique, les produits mécaniques et électriquesreprésentent un pourcentage supérieur à 50%. En ce qui concerne les exportations de l’Afrique vers la Chine, le coton, le phosphate et d’autres produits primaires en constituaient l’essentiel ; ces dernières années, les produits en acier et en cuivre, les engrais chimiques, les produitsélectroniques ainsi que d’autres produits finis ont successivement été exportés en Chine. Dans lemême temps, l’exportation des produits agricoles africains vers la Chine s’est accélérée. Les agrumes d’Egypte, le vin rouge d’Afrique du Sud, les fèves de cacao du Ghana, le café d’Ouganda, l’huile d’olive de Tunisie, le sésame d’Ethiopie et d’autres produits locaux sont progressivement devenus familiers des clients chinois, qui ont su les apprécier. En 2009, malgré la baisse des importations chinoises en provenance de l’Afrique, due à la crise financière internationale,l’impor tation des produits agricoles africains en Chine a connu une croissance de 25%.Depuis de longues années, conformément au principe des profits et avantages réciproques, la Chine s’efforce de faciliter le commerce et de contribuer au développement général, complet etéquilibré du commerce sino-africain. Elle a signé, à ce jour, des accords commerciaux bilatéraux avec 45 pays africains tout en renfor?ant la coopération en matière de douane, de fiscalité, de contr?le de qualité et de quarantaine, afin de fournir de meilleures conditions au développementdu commerce sino-africain. A partir de 2005, la Chine a accordé, aux pays africains les moins avancés ayant établi des relations diplomatiques avec elle, un traitement de tarif zéro en ce qui concerne certains d e leurs produits d’exportation ; et ce, afin de soutenir la croissance des exportations de ces pays vers la Chine. En juillet 2010, les produits bénéficiaires étaient au nombre de 4 700. Dans le futur, ils devraient représenter 95% du catalogue des tarifsd’import-export de la douane chinoise. Stimulée par cette politique de tarif zéro, l’exportation des produits bénéficiaires africains vers la Chine a connu une croissance rapide. De 2005 à fin juin 2010, le montant des produits bénéficiaires africains impo rtés en Chine s’est élevé à 1,32 milliard de dollars américains, avec des denrées regroupant produits agri- coles, cuir, pierres de construction, textile et habillement, pièces détachées mécaniques, métaux communs, articles en bois, etc. La Chine a égaleme nt aidé les entreprises africaines à s’introduire sur le marché chinois en organisant des expositions destinées à leurs produits, en ouvrant des centres d’exposition de produits africains, et en fournissant des stands à un tarif préférentiel.A l’heure actuelle, l’industrialisation et l’urbanisation étant en cours en Chine comme en Afrique, les demandes du marché sont fortes et le commerce sino-africain dis- pose de grandes potentialités. Le pétrole brut, les mine- rais, les produits d’acier et les produits agricoles importés d’Afrique jouent un r?le positif dans la croissance économique de la Chine et dans l’élévation du niveau de vie de sa population, alors que les techniques et produits chinois répondent aux besoins dedéveloppement de l’Afrique, et que l e vaste marché chinois offre un large espace aux produits africains. La croissance soutenue et rapide de l’économie chinoise, en particulier, a fourni aux ressources africaines un marché d’exportation stable. Parallèlement, les produits chinois fonctionnel s et à bas prix introduits en Afrique permettent l’élévation du niveau de vie de la population et la neutralisation de l’inflation chez certains pays africains.II. Diversifier les investissements mutuelsDans les années 1980, la Chine a commencé à investir de manière modérée en Afrique ; et dans les années 1990, ses investissements se sont multipliés, avec un élargissement des domaines et une diversification des formes. A partir de l’an 2000, gr?ce à la stimulation du Forum de coopération sino-africaine, les investissements chinois en Afrique ont connu une croissance rapide et ont vu se former une situation diversifiée. Dans le même temps, les investissements africains en Chine ont com- mencé à se dynamiser ; et un certain nombre d’entreprises africaines se sont développées en Chine.Les investissements chinois en Afrique de ces der- nières années présentent les caractéristiques suivantes : 1. une croissance rapide : de 490 millions de dollars améri- cains fin 2003, les investissements chinois directs en Afrique sont passés à 9,33 milliards fin 2009 ; 2. une large couverture : les investissements chinois concernent 49 pays africains, dont l’Afrique du Sud, le Nigeria, la Zam- bie, le Soudan, l’Algérie et l’Egypte ; 3. une multitude de secteurs : lesinvestiss ements chinois se répartissent dans plusieurs secteurs, et notamment l’exploitationminière, les finances, la fabrication, le b?timent, le tourisme, l’agriculture, la sylviculture,l’élevage et la pêche ; 4. une diversité de formes : aux sociétés à capitau x exclusive- ment chinois ou à capitaux mixtes, se sont ajoutées la participation, les fusions et acquisitions ainsi que lacoopération avec des pays tiers ; 5. une pluralité d’acteurs chinois : les grandes et moyennes entreprises d’Etat, les entreprises p rivées et les individus rivalisent de points forts et se complètent en ce qui concerne l’investissement en Afrique.Le gouvernement chinois, qui encourage et soutient l’élargissement des investissements effectués en Afrique par les grandes entreprises chinoises réputées, a pris des mesures incitatives en la matière, qui ont eu un effet d’entra?nement. Premièrement, le gouvernement chinois a tenté de fournir de meilleures conditions d’investissement par le biais de la signature d’accords. Jusqu’àprésent, la Chine a signé des accords bilatéraux favorables aux investissements avec 33 pays africains, et des accords visant à éviter la double imposition avec 11 pays africains pour fournir des conditions favorables à la coopération entre les entreprises chinoises et africaines. Deuxième- ment, le gouvernement chinois a établi, il y a trois ans, un Fonds de développement sino-africain avec la partici- pation de plusieurs établissements financiers chinois. Il est destiné à soutenirl’investissement des entreprises chi- noises en Afrique et a bénéficié à plus de 30 projetsd’investissement concernant l’exploitation agricole, la fabrication mécanique, l’électricité, les matériaux de construction, les parcs industriels, les mines, les ports et la logistique. Un milliard de dollars américains ont été placés pour la première phase, et ce fonds devrait aug- menter son montant d’investissement à 5 milliards de dollars. Troisièmement, le gouvernement chinois a encou- ragé la création de zones de coopération économique et commerciale en Afrique. Des entreprises chinoises bénéfi- ciant du soutien des gouvernements des deux parties ont été chargées de la construction d’infrastructures dans ces zones et de l’introduction d’entreprises chinoises et étran- gères afin de mettre en place des groupes d’industries. Actuellement, la Chine est en train de créer six zones de coopération économique et commerciale en Zambie, à l’?le Maurice, au Nigeria, en Egypte et en Ethiopie. 250 millions de dollars ont été débloqués pour la construction d’infrastructures dans ces zones. La zone de coopération économique et commercialeZambie-Chine, la première du genre en Afrique, compte déjà 13 entreprises implan- tées,spécialisées dans l’exploitation minière, la prospec- tion, le traitement des métaux non ferreux, l’industrie chimique, le b?timent, etc. 600 millions de dollars ont été investis de manière efficace et ont fourni plus de 6 000 emplois aux habitants locaux.L’exploitation des ressources, abondantes dans les pays africains, est une partie i mportante de la coopération sino-africaine en matière d’investissements. Ces dernières années, conformément auxprincipes de bénéfices réci- proques et de développement commun, des entreprises chinoises se sont activement engagées dans l’exploitation des ressources en Afrique afin d’aider les pays africains à développer leur industrie de transformation des ressources, à accro?tre la valeur ajoutée de ces dernières, et à trans- former leur supériorité en ressources en force motrice pour ledéveloppement social et économique. Tout au long de la coopération, les entreprises chinoises ont strictement observé les conventions internationales, ont adopté diverses formes de coopération ouvertes et transparentes, dispensées de monopole et d’exclusivité, et ont dévelo ppé et exploité les ressources en collaboration avec les pays africains et les entreprises internationales. Les investisse- ments des entreprises chinoises dans ce domaine ont élargi les canaux d’introductionde capitaux pour le développe- ment africain, ont rehaussé la valeur des ressources, et ont entra?néla construction d’infrastructures ainsi que le développement économique local, ce qui a largement été apprécié par les gouvernements et les populations des pays africains. De concert avec la Malaisie et d’autres pays, la Chine a démarré l’exploitation des ressources pétrolières au Soudan, qui a vu son industrie pétrolière se doter d’un système moderne et intégré, et ses recettesfinancières considérablement augmenter. Par conséquent, la Chine a joué un r?le important dans l’amélioration du niveau de vie de la population locale.Au cours de leur exploitation, les entreprises chi- noises implantées en Afrique se sont attachées ànouer de bons rapports avec la population locale, ont persisté dans une exploitation légale et loyale, se sont engagées dans l’économie des ressources et la protection de l’environne- ment, ont employé au maximum la main-d’?uvre locale, ont renforcé la capacité de développement autonome du pays h?te, et ont contribué au développement économique local tout en sedéveloppant rapidement. Par exemple, les entreprises minières chinoises implantées en Zambieont grandement augmenté l’exploitation efficace des res- sources locales en cuivre en créant des fonderies. Au cours de la crise financière internationale, elles ont promis de ?ne pas réduire la production d’une tonne, de ne congé- dier aucun employé, et de ne pas diminuer les investisse- ments ?. Parmi les sept entreprises minières à capitaux étrangers implantées en Zambie, elles sont devenues les seules entreprises sans réduction de production ni licen- ciement de personnel.Ces dernières années, avec le développement écono- mique de l’Afrique et l’élargissement des potentialités du marché chinois, les investissements africains en Chine se sont davantage fait sentir, l’?le Maurice, l’Afrique du Sud, les Seychelles, le Nigeria et la Tunisie étant les principaux pays investisseurs. Des entreprises d’Afrique du Sud ont créé, en Chine, une société de brasserie à capitaux mixtes, dont dépende nt aujourd’hui 70 brasseries environ. A l’heure actuelle, l’entreprise d’engrais chimiques à capi- taux mixtes chinois et tunisiens est devenue l’un des grands centres de production d’engrais composés en Chine. Fin 2009, les investissements africains direc ts en Chine se sont élevés à 9,93 milliards de dollars américains, et englobaient l’industrie pétrochimique, lamécanique, l’électronique, le transport, les télécommunications, l’in- dustrie légère, les appareils électroménagers, l’habille- ment, le textil e, la biopharmacie, l’exploitation agricole, les loisirs, la restauration, le logement ainsi que d’autres domaines. Les investissements africains en Chine se caractérisent par la complémentarité des points forts et entra?nent l’exportation des produitschi nois vers l’A- frique et d’autres régions du monde.III. Accorder de l’importanceaux infrastructuresLes infrastructures arriérées représentant un goulot d’étranglement pour le développement de nombreux pays africains, la construction de nouvelles infrastructures est donc devenue un domaine clé de la coopération écono- mique et commerciale entre la Chine et l’Afrique. La Chine estime et soutient l’amélioration des infrastructures dans les pays africains. Tout en aidant ceux-ci, à travers l’assistance, la c onstruction à forfait, les investissements coopératifs, les financements, etc., à construire des loge- ments, des routes, des ponts, des chemins de fer, des aéro- ports, des ports, des h?pitaux, des réseaux de communica- tion, d’électricité, d’alimentation en eau et de drainage ainsi que d’autres infrastructures, elle exerce une in- fluence positive sur ledéveloppement africain. La Chine, tout en encourageant et en soutenant ses entreprises dans leur participation à la construction d’infrastructures dans l es pays africains, les exhorte également àrespecter les contrats et leur engagement, et à accomplir les projets sans nuire en aucun cas à la qualité.Pendant de longues années, la Chine a construit bénévolement un grand nombre d’infrastructures dans les pays africains. Dans les années 1970, alors qu’elle était en grande difficulté économique, la Chine a construit le che- min de fer Tanzanie-Zambie, d’une longueur de 1 860 km, témoignage historique du désintéressement chinois dans l’assistance à l’Afrique. Le Centre de conférences international du Caire, en Egypte, également construit par la Chine à titre d’aide, compte une superficie b?tie de 58 000 m? et organise chaque année une centaine de conférences et expositions internationales, qui contribuent au développement commercial et touristique local. Fin 2009, la Chine a accompli en Afrique, et à titre bénévole, plus de 500 projets de constructiond’infrastructures. La route Beledweyne-Burao en Somalie, le port de l’Amitié de Mauritanie, le canal de Mashta al Anad-Ben Jarw en Tunisie et le Stade national de Tanzanie figurent parmi les projets de construction les plus importants. Le Centre de conférences de l’Union africaine etd’autres projets sont en construction.Afin de soutenir l’amélioration des infrast ructures dans les pays africains, le gouvernement chinois a accordé un grand nombre de crédits à titre préférentiel et encourage les établissements financiers chinois à amplifier leurs crédits commerciaux à l’égard de l’Afrique. Aprèsl’inauguration du For um de coopération sino-africaine, en particulier, la Chine n’a cesséd’accro?tre ses financements en Afrique. De 2007 à 2009, elle a fourni à l’Afrique 5 milliards de dollars de crédits divers et d’achat préférentiels. De 2010 à 2012, la Chine devrait four nir à cette dernière un montant de 10 milliards de dollars de crédits à taux préférentiel. L’aéroport de l’?le Maurice, les logements à Malabo en Guinée équatoriale et la centrale hydraulique de Bui au Ghana figurent parmi les grands projets en construction.Les entreprises d’ingénierie chinoises se sont lancées dans la construction à forfait en Afrique, conformément aux conventions internationales et à travers l’adjudication, et ont accompli un certain nombre de projets d’infra- structures de qualité, à ba s prix et d’utilité urgente. La technicité des projets, que cela concerne les logements, les centrales hydrauliques, les routes, les aéroports, les raffi- neries ou les réseaux de télécommunications, n’a cessé de s’améliorer, et leur ampleur de s’accro?tre. Les entreprises chinoises, avec une présentation de soumissions indivi- duelle àl’origine mais collective aujourd’hui en tant que groupe international, font montre de leurcompétence en Afrique, ont accumulé des expériences, ont formé un contingent de techniciens et ont augmenté leur capacité d’exploitation internationalisée. L’h?tel Sheraton en Algérie, le réseau national de télécommunications en Ethiopie et le barrage de Merowe au nord du Soudan font partie des projets accomplis par les entreprises chinoises. Les logements sociaux en Angola, le chemin de fer c?tier en Libye et le tramway à Lagos au Nigeria appartiennent aux grands projets en construction.Les entreprises chinoises assument activement leur responsabilité sociale et s’engagent inlassablement dans la cause du bien-être de la population locale, ce qui leur a valu la pleine approbation et la haute appréciation des gouvernements et des populations des pays africains. Elles ont construit, à titre gratuit, des routes, des ponts, des h?pitaux et des écoles, ont creusé des puits, et ont fait des dons matériels, contribuant ainsi au développement des communautés locales. Au Soudan, par exemple, plus de deux millions d’habitants bénéficient des ?uvres de bien-être mises en place par les entreprises c hinoises ; au Nigeria, les écoles primaires d’amitiésino-nigérienne ont contribué à soulager la pression de l’enseignement élémentaire dans quelque 300 villages ; en Angola, en Libye et dans d’autres pays africains, les centres de formation professionnell e ont permis la formation d’un grand nombre de stagiaires.IV. Renforcer l’édification des capacités de développementLe développement constitue l’un des problèmes les plus urgents auxquels fait face l’Afrique, lapénurie en techniques et en personnes compétentes étant le principal facteur d’entrave audéveloppement africain. Le gou- vernement chinois, qui accorde une grande importance àl’édification des capacités de développement en Afrique, s’efforce, à travers une coopération dans la mise en valeur des ressources humaines et l’envoi d’experts et de jeunes volontaires, d’aider les pays africains à renforcer leur capacité ?régénératrice ?.Intensifier la coopération et les échanges éducatifs. Une coopération éducative fort fructueuse effectuée entre la Chi ne et l’Afrique a contribué à la formation d’un grand nombre de personnes compétentes. Fin 2009, la Chine a construit bénévolement 107 écoles en Afrique et a fourni une bourse d’études gouvernementale à 29 465 étudiants africains étudiant en Chine. A l’heu re actuelle, le gouver- nement chinois réserve chaque année quelque 5 000 bourses d’études aux pays africains. La Chine a également renforcé sa coopération avec ceux-ci dans les domaines del’enseignement supérieur, de l’enseignement professionnel et de l’enseignement à distance. Elle a créé, en Afrique, des laboratoires spécialisés dans la biologie, l’informa- tique, la chimie analytique, la transformation alimentaire, l’horticulture et le génie civil.Développer la formation gestionnaire et technique. La Chine aide l’Afrique à former des personnes compé- tentes en gestion et en technique à travers divers moyens. Fin juin 2010, elle a offert un stage à plus de 30 000 Africains travaillant dans une vingtaine de secteurs tels quel’économie, l’administration publique, l’agriculture, l’élevage, la pêche, la médecine, l’hygiène, la science, la technologie et la protection de l’environnement. Parallèle- ment, les entreprises chinoises implantées en Afrique ont créé des centres de formation, ont offert des stages à leur personnel local et ont envoyé des travailleurs d’élite recevoir une formation en Chine, contribuant。

In_Good_Spirits

58CHINA TODAYAROUND the time the Chinese celebrate the Spring Festival, a time of family reunions and feasting, South Africa cele-brates the birth of its wine industry. It is a happy serendipity as the South African wine industry has found a rising market in China, and the Spring Festival is the time when it surges higher still.On February 2, South African vint-ners raised a toast for the 363rd birth-day of their wine industry, the only one in the world to have an official historical birthday for the industry. The record of the first wine made in South Africa is found in the diary of Johan Anthoniszo-on van Riebeeck, an employee of the Dutch East India Company, who arrived in 1652 to take up his post.He is credited with establishing a vineyard in today’s Cape Town to pro-duce red wine, which people once be-lieved prevented scurvy. The entry in his diary on February 2, 1659 reads, “Today, praise be to God, wine was made for the first time from Cape grapes.”Subsequently, the new year became synonymous with grape harvesting, and a wine harvest commemoration became part of the local traditions.In contrast, France started making wine in the 5th century B.C. So perhaps it is no wonder that French wine domi-nated China’s imported bottled wine market till as recently as 2015, account-ing for 42 percent of the total volume and 46 percent of the total value.However, a rival that had started to make wine much later – just around the 19th century – was beginning to catch up: Australia.By 2019, Australian wine brands had captured over 35 percent of the Chi-nese market, relegating French wine to second place at about 29 percent. Market watchers attributed this to the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement that came into force in December 2015, slashing tariffs, Australia’s closer prox-imity, and the surge in Chinese students and tourists in Australia, who sampled Australian wines and introduced them back home. That year, the market share of South African wine in China was less than 1 percent.However, things began to change drastically in 2020. China-Australia bilateral ties soured and China started imposing tariffs on a range of Australian goods, from barley to mining products. There was also an anti-dumping investi-gation into Australian wine following a complaint. After initial tariffs of 107-212 percent on Australian wine from March 26, 2021, they were raised to 116-218 percent, a measure that will remain in place for five years.The results have been dramatic.While Australian wine companies reeled under almost 94 percent loss in the China market compared to 2019, South African wine has seen over 100 percent increase compared to 2019. Compared to 2020, it is a staggering leap of nearly 190 percent, according to data from the Wines of South Africa (WoSA), a non-profit organization promoting the ex-port of wine from South Africa.The opportunity created by the re-strictions on Australian wine has been a lifeline for the South African wine in-dustry that has suffered lockdowns and four periods of bans on domestic sales during the pandemic, resulting in the loss of 21,000 jobs by October 2020, ac-cording to WoSA.As South African wine makers set their hopes on the China market, Marcus Ford, Asia market manager at WoSA, re-mains optimistic about the future even if China and Australia decide to make up. “There is still tremendous potential for South African wine companies to grow in China irrespective of any geo-political issues,” he said, “Our strategy is to work with both producers in South Africa and importers here [in China] to push and promote the category. We have tripled our market shares over the past 18 months, so that is obviously very encouraging.”WoSA runs several programs in Chi-na throughout the year to raise ChineseIn Good Spiritsaustralia’s loss of the china wine market has been south africa’s gain. But can it be sustained?By SUDESHNA SARKAREconomy /gEtting down to BusinEssCopyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.consumers’ awareness of South African wine and introduce more wine makers. Despite the pandemic and travel restric-tions, their annual roadshow continued last year, bringing 36 wine producers and more than 350 types of wine to Bei-jing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Xiamen in autumn. It also attended ma-jor expos such as the China Internation-al Import Expo in Shanghai. In addition, WoSA also hosts smaller targeted wine tastings with wine clubs and groups. Ford says the two peak periods for sales in China are the Mid-Autumn Fes-tival in September and the Lunar New Year around late January and early Feb-ruary. However, “given that there are still some restrictions in place about large group gatherings and banquets, I think sales will be somewhat muted during the period.”Julian Johnsen’s entry into viticulture has a historical date. Originally from Hampshire in England, he decided to go into viticulture after studying agricul-ture at the Royal Agricultural University in Gloucestershire and bought his first farm in Western Cape in 1990, the same year Nelson Mandela was released from prison after 27 years of imprisonment. His Vondeling Wines is looking for “good reliable partners” to help them increase their footprint and develop in China. Last year, Vondeling shipped ap-proximately 10,000 bottles of their des-GDP growth, which stood at 8.1 percentin 2021. With “more people earningenough money to afford buying winemore regularly, the industry will con-tinue to grow,” he said.Ford thinks over the past years themarket has consolidated, “In 2016, therewere almost 12,000 importers, nowthere are approximately 5,500 – this in-dicates that those [who] have survivedare more serious, professional, and long-term, which bodes well for the future…You need to be patient because it takestime and investment to build brandshere. For producers and importers withthe appetite, the future is very bright!”Meanwhile, he has several sugges-tions on how to improve South Africanexports. As he outlined on the ChinAfri-ca Project, free trade agreements withthe main consuming countries wouldbring down costs, which is a majorconsideration.E-commerce platforms are also oneof the best ways to catch the eye of Chi-nese buyers. “Harnessing the power ofe-commerce platforms as the Chinesemiddle-class continues to expand canpromote our products and further oursales,” he said on the website. CSUDESHNA SARKAR is a journalist and editorbased in Beijing. A former commentator fora regional program of Deutsche Welle Radio,she follows China’s development, culture, andinternational links.ert wine Muscat de Fontagne and about5,000 bottles of the red wine Pinotage.Johnsen thinks South African winestill needs to be further recognized byChinese consumers as its great valuehas not been widely known yet. “Bestbang for your buck, choose South Afri-can any day, especially the higher ratedwines producers,” he said. “We reallyneed to market ourselves better in Chi-na and get consumers to try our wine.What would help us more is if we couldattract more Chinese tourists to comeand visit South Africa.”He also runs a period hotel, a reno-vated 18th-century Dutch farmhouse insylvan surroundings of South Africa thatcan sleep 14. “We would love to enter-tain more Chinese tourists,” he says, “Wedo not see many currently.”Like Johnsen, Ford also mentions thechallenge of finding reliable partners.“The major challenge in China is that[the China wine market] is still develop-ing and it’s really only 10 years old interms of having a significant scale,” hesaid. “This means that there are lots ofnew importers working with wine whohave very little experience. Since wine isa rather complex product, finding a reli-able, knowledgeable, and experiencedimporter or partner is still very challenging.”Despite the various challenges, hethinks the market potential for winein China is huge given China’s strongCopyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.59 March 2022。

How_These_5_Countries_and_Regions_Are_Fighting_Des

China
F
irst on our list of how countries are fighting Research shows that currently 27.4% of land in China has undergone deserti-fication, affecting about 400 million 五地治理荒漠化的经验
扫码听读
8 为阻止荒漠化，约旦正在落实由北约和平与安全科学计划资助的一项工程。

科学家目前正在巴迪亚地区1400平方千米的耶尔穆克盆地开展研究。

由于风和水的侵蚀，这一地区大部分土地正处于土壤急速流失的危机之中，这会造成荒漠化。

研究人员将采用遥感工具和地理信息系统模型，开发出一个监控土壤、水、植被和气候变化的系统。

这样便可以提醒约旦政府关注正在发生。

chiang mai

chiang maiChiang Mai: Exploring the Cultural Capital of Northern ThailandIntroduction:Chiang Mai, also known as the Rose of the North, is a vibrant city located in Northern Thailand. Renowned for its rich history, ancient temples, and unique cultural experiences, it has become a popular destination for travelers from around the world. In this article, we will delve into the various aspects that make Chiang Mai a must-visit city, from its historical sites to its bustling markets and serene nature.Historical Significance of Chiang Mai:Chiang Mai holds great historical significance as it was once a capital of the Lanna Kingdom. The city is home to several ancient temples that showcase the deep-rooted Buddhist heritage of the region. Among the most famous temples is Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, located on a hilltop overlooking the city. This temple, with its intricate architecture andstunning views, is a major pilgrimage site for Buddhists and offers a peaceful retreat for visitors.Cultural Immersion in Chiang Mai:To truly appreciate the essence of Chiang Mai, immersing oneself in the local culture is a must. The city is famous for its vibrant festivals, with the most popular being the Yi Peng Lantern Festival. During this event, thousands of lit lanterns are released into the night sky, creating a magical spectacle for all to behold. Another significant cultural tradition is the Thai New Year, known as Songkran. This water festival involves friendly water fights in which people splash water on each other to symbolize cleansing and purification.Exploring the Old City:The Old City of Chiang Mai is another highlight that should not be missed. Surrounded by ancient walls and gates, this well-preserved area is a testament to the city's historical past. It is home to numerous temples, including Wat Chedi Luang, which houses the ruins of an ancient pagoda. Strolling through the narrow streets of the Old City, one can discover hidden gems such as local markets, art galleries, and traditional crafts.Food and Night Markets:Chiang Mai is a paradise for food lovers, offering a wide range of culinary delights. From street food stalls to trendy restaurants, visitors can indulge in authentic Thai dishes as well as international cuisines. The city is particularly famous for its night markets, such as the Sunday Walking Street Market and the Night Bazaar. These markets not only offer a variety of delicious food but also present an opportunity to shop for handmade crafts, clothing, and souvenirs.Natural Beauty and Outdoor Activities:Beyond its cultural and historical attractions, Chiang Mai is blessed with astounding natural beauty. The surrounding countryside boasts lush green mountains, cascading waterfalls, and tranquil rivers. Nature lovers can embark on adventurous activities such as trekking, zip-lining, and elephant sanctuaries. Doi Inthanon National Park, home to the highest peak in Thailand, is a must-visit for nature enthusiasts, offering breathtaking viewpoints and picturesque trails.Conclusion:Chiang Mai is a realm of cultural immersion, historical wonders, and natural beauty. With its vibrant festivals, awe-inspiring temples, delicious cuisine, and outdoor adventures, it promises an unforgettable experience for every traveler. Whether you seek spiritual enlightenment, wish to explore ancient ruins, or simply want to indulge in Thai hospitality, Chiang Mai offers a diverse range of experiences that will leave you enchanted. Plan your visit to this cultural capital and be prepared to fall in love with all that Chiang Mai has to offer.。

East_Meets_West

Of course, in the literature of Chinese naval history, “divine lamps” and “mythical beasts” are fundamental elements of ships. Zhang Heng’s Rhapsody on the Western Capital mentions, “The bow is adorned with the figure of an egret, shadowed by the presence of orchid grass,” with Li Shan’s commentary explaining, “The bow is adorned with the shape of an egret, symbolizing the repulsion of water spirits. Hence, it is a vessel befitting the emperor’s use.” Gao Buyin of the Qing Dynasty notes, “The egret is a large bird. Its likeness painted on the bow leads to the designation ‘egret head’.” The Illustrated Account of the Mission to Korea During the Xuanhe Era
The earliest known Chinese envoy to the Abbasid Caliphate was the Yang Liangyao mission during the Zhenyuan Era of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, as recorded in the Inscription of Yang Liangyao’s Spirit Way. Mr. Rong Xinjiang surmises, “As an official envoy of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Liangyao would likely have chosen to use the dynasty’s ships.” So, what did Yang Liangyao’s sailboat look like? The Inscription of Yang Liangyao’s Spirit Way provides only this basic description of Yang Liangyao’s sea voyage: “Raising sails to cut through the mist-filled air, rowing across the vast expanse of water. By night, guided by divine lamps for direction. By day, led forward by mythical beasts.” These four lines are all that describe Yang Liangyao’s sailboat.

ted演讲martinjacques《了解中国的崛起》(中英对照)_本科论文

Martin Jacques: Understanding the rise of ChinaThe world is changing with really remarkable speed. If you look at the chart at the top here, you’ll see that in 2025 these Goldman Sachs projections suggest that the Chinese economy will be almost the same size as the American economy. And if you look at the chart for 2050, it’s projected that the Chinese economy will be twice the size of the American economy, and the Indian economy will be almost the same size as the American economy. We should bear in mind here these projections were drawn up before the Western financial crises.世界正在以惊人的速度飞快得改变着。

如果你看着这上方的图表,你会看到在2025年，高盛投资公司的这些预测表明中国经济规模会和美国经济几乎相当。

如果看2050年的图表，预测表明中国经济规模将会是美国经济的两倍，印度的经济规模将会和美国的经济几乎持平。

在这里，我们应该记住这些预测是在西方经济危机之前做出的。

A couple of weeks ago, I was looking at the latest projection by BNP (Banque Nationale de Paris) PARIBAS for when China will have a larger economy than the United States. Goldman Sachs projected 2027. The post-crisis projection is 2010. That’s just a decade way.几周前，我查看法国巴黎银行的最近预测，中国在什么时候会超越美国经济，成为第一大经济体。

Wild China第一集中英文字幕-英语学习

最后的隐世净土The last hidden world中国China数世纪来旅人传诵着关于这片神奇土地For centuries, travellers to China have told tales of magical landscapes 以及那些神奇生物的传说and surprising creatures中国文明是世界最古老的文明Chinese civilization is the world's oldest而如今是最宏博的and today it's largest那数十亿的人民with well over a billion people现存超过五十个民族It's home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups以及各式各样贴近自然的and a wide range of traditional life styles传统生活方式often inclose partnership with nature我们都知道中国面对着着众多社会环境问题We know that China faces immense social and environmental problems 但这里也存在着令人窒息的美丽but there is great beauty here too中国有着世界最高峰China is home to the world's highest mountains,从无垠的炙热沙漠vast deserts ranging from from searing hot到麻木大脑的寒冷地带to mind numbing cold以及那蒸笼般的森林中steaming forests隐匿的各种珍稀生物harboring rare creatures天际下广阔无垠的草原grassy plains beneath vast horizons以及富饶的热带海洋and rich tropical seas现在我们第一次有机会Now, for the first time ever深入探索这片伟大的土地we can explore the whole of this great country接触栖息于此的珍奇生物meet some of the surprising and exotic creatures that live here目睹中国这片神奇土地上and consider the relationship of the people and wildlife of China人与野生世界的羁绊to the remarkable landscaping which they live这就是最原味的中国This is wild China仅以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国For our troubled but drop-dead beautiful motherland我们的中国探索之旅始于南方的亚热带Our exploration of China begins in the warm subtropical south漓江的渔人和鱼鸟栖坐在竹筏上On the Li River fishermen and birds perch on bamboo rafts这个组合已延续千年之久a partnership that goes back more than a thousand years这景致已为世人所熟悉This scenery is known throughout the world那是中国水墨永恒的主题a recurring motif in Chinese paintings和旅人永远的胜地and a major tourist attraction中国南部是片有英国国土The south of China is a vast area九倍之大的广阔土地eight times larger than the UK这里It's a landscape of hills but also of water是山雨的国度这里一年之中有250天在降雨It rains here for up to 250 days a year到处都是积水and standing water is everywhere在扬子江的涝原In a floodplain of the Yangtse River黑尾鹬在泥泞中寻索着虫子black-tailed godwits probe the mud in search of worms并非只有野生动物在这样的环境下茁壮成长But it isn't just wildlife that thrive in this environment沼泽般湿润肥沃的土地为作物家族最显著的成员提供了最理想的环境the swampy ground provides ideal conditions for the remarkable member of the grass family 这就是稻米rice中国有着至少8000年的稻米种植史The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8 thousand years他们改变了这块土地It has transformed the landscape对云南南部的农民而言冬末是个繁忙的季节Late winter in southern Yunnan is a busy time for local farmers因为他们要为即将来临的春天整顿这片古老的稻田as they prepare the age-old paddy field ready for the coming spring元阳县的山坡以2000M之势These hill slopes of Yuanyang county斜插于红河谷地的河床plunge nearly 2000m to the floor of the Red River Valley包含了上千由原始刨掘工具所创造出的梯田each contains literally thousands of stack terraces carved out by hand using basic digging tools5000:05:07,400 --> 00:05:12,000云南的梯田是中国最古老人类耕作痕迹中Yunnan's rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China5100:05:13,000 --> 00:05:15,400依旧被耕种使用的土地still ploughed as they always have been5200:05:15,800 --> 00:05:18,300正如千百年来的习俗一样by domesticated water buffaloes源自云南河谷的家养水牛承担了耕作的重任whose ancestors originated in these very valleys这片人力开拓的土地是工业化前中国最惊奇宏伟的壮景This man-made landscape is one of the most amazing engineering feats of preindustrial China 似乎这里的每一寸土地It seems as if every square inch of land5600:06:03,200 --> 00:06:05,400都被打上了农耕的痕迹has been pressed into cultivation5700:06:21,400 --> 00:06:22,800当薄暮降临As evening approaches5800:06:23,300 --> 00:06:26,300另一场古老的仪式上演an age-old ritual unfolds现在是交配的季节It's the mating season雄禾田蛙们为了吸引异性而卖力高鸣and male paddy frogs are competing for the attention of females但这并非总能为你吸引来关注的目光But it dosen't always pay to draw too much attention to youself中国池鹭是个饕餮掠食者The Chinese Pond Heron is a crapulous predator就算在耕作过的稻田中央Even in the middle of a ploughed paddy field也会上演喙与爪的血腥剧目<i>nature is red in beak and claw或许这看上去像一场屠杀This may look like a slaughter但每只池鹭一次只能吞噬一只蛙but as each heron can swallow only one frog at a time此时剩余的多数派得以逃生并获得了明日再度高歌的机会the vast majority will escape to croak another day元阳县这样广泛种植水稻的Terrace paddies like those of YunYang county are found across much of southern China梯田横贯中国南部This whole vast landscape is dominated by rice cultivation苗族人在炎热的贵州发展了高度发达的水稻种植In heated Guizhou province the Miao minority have developed a remarkable rice culture 苗族人把木屋建立在陡峭低产的山壁上With every inch of fertile land given over to rice cultivation用其余每寸丰饶的土地来种植水稻the Miao build their wooden houses on the steepest and least productive hillsides所有东西在中国农村都自有其用处In Chinese rural life everything has a use牛棚里的肥料在太阳下晒干用作煮饭的燃料dried in the sun manure from the cowsheds would be used as cooking fuel中午时分宋家人正饱餐以米和蔬菜为主的中饭It's midday and the Song family aretucking into a lunch of rice and vegetables老祖父宋古永置身于天伦之乐外Oblivious to the domestic chitchat寻思着重要的事情granddad Guyong Song has serious maters on his mind春季是稻禾生长的伊始时节Spring is a start of the rice growing season庄稼的长势决定了来年宋家人的生计the success of the crop will determin how well the family will eat next year因而选择合适的时机进行耕作是至关重要的so planting at the right time is critical时机的选择取决于当年的天气情况The ideal date depends on what the weather will do this year而这些却是永难估料的never easy to predict但是身边就存在着贴心小帮手But there is some surprising help at hand宋家厅堂房梁上的是一对刚从冬季迁徙中归来的金腰燕On the cielling of the Song's living rooma pair of red-rumped swallow newly arrive from their winter migration他们正在为装潢新一年度的宅邸而忙碌is busy fixing up last year's nest在中国动物们被赋予独特的象征意义并被细心呵护In China animals are valued does much for their symbolic meaning as for many good they may do 苗族人笃信成双燕终身相伴不离不弃Miao people believe that swallow pairs remain faithful for life因此他们的存在被视为so their presence is a favor and a blessing幸福生活与美满婚姻的象征bringing happiness to a marriage and good luck to a home如大多数苗人一样宋家起居室的窗子可以眺望见成片的梯田Like most Miao dwellings, the Song's living room windows look out over the paddy fields从早春起一扇窗子便为了方便燕子往返穿飞而敞开From early spring, one of these windows is always left open to let the swallows come and go freely 古老爹知晓每年燕子归来的确切时间Each year granddad Gu knows the exact day the swallows return苗族人坚信这些鸟儿的归来预示着春季的来临Miao people believe the birds arrival predicts the timing of a season ahead然而今年他们姗姗来迟This year, they were late因而古老爹和其他族中长老一致认为今年的插秧应当推迟so Gu and the other community elders have agreed that rice planting should be delayed accordingly 当苗族人为了插秧而整备田地时As the Miao prepare their fields for planting燕子们或搜集修整巢穴用的泥巴the swallows collect mud to repair their nests或穿越新耕的稻田追逐昆虫and chase after insects across the newly ploughed paddies最终经过了几周的准备Finally, after weeks of preparation这个预定种植的时刻来临了the ordained time for planting has arrived首先秧苗必须从苗床上连根拔起but first the seedlings must be uproot from the nursery beds扎成捆移植到高处山地and bundled up ready to be transported to their new paddy那崭新的苗床上higher up the hillside宋家邻里乡亲全员出动帮助移植All the Song's neighbors have turned out to help with the transplanting这是一直来他们的集体协作方式It's how the community has always worked当然一旦时刻来临宋家人也会做出相同行为来报恩when the time comes, the Songs will return the favor当农户们忙碌在田埂间时While the farmers are busy in the fields飞燕们则衔着修整巢穴的材料来来往往the swallows fly back and forth with material for their nest人多力量大Many hands make light work插秧的整个过程只持续了仅一个多小时planting the new paddy takes a little more than an hour当工作完成农户们得以休息Job done, the villagers can relax至少在明天来临之前at least until tomorrow然而对这些筑巢的飞鸟而言修筑家园的宏大工程But for the nesting swallows, the work of raising a family才刚刚开始has only just begun新耕种的田地里In the newly planted fields白鹭在寻找食物little egrets hunt for foods稻田成了虫鱼蝌蚪的乐园The rice paddy harbor tadpoles fish and insects而白鹭正好以此哺育幼鸟and egrets have chicks to feed重庆自然保护区建立于1996年This colony in Chongqing province is established in 1996当成群的鸟儿安家在阳光村后方的小竹林when a few dozen birds build nests in the bamboo grove behind YanGuang village 当地人将其视为幸运的使者Believing they were assigned of luck他们最初小心保护这些白鹭和他们的栖息地local people initially protected the egrets and the colony grove但当村长病重后他们的态度发生了转变But their attitude change when the head of the village fell ill当政府开始介入保护鸟群时They blame the birds and were all set to destroy their nests他们开始敌视鸟群并着手摧毁巢穴when the local government stepped in to protect them易弯曲的竹子或许并非安家的最佳场所Bendy bamboo may not be the safest nesting place但至少这些小家伙们不会成为捕食者的腹中餐but at least these youngsters won't end up at someone's dinner这些小家伙刚从母亲嘴里分得美食These chicks have just had a meal delivered by their mom对新生的小嘴着实是一大挑战quite a challenge for litter beaks介于他们的栖息地是受保护的Providing their colonies are protected像白鹭这样的候鸟是少数直接从发达的水稻种植中获益的鸟类wading birds like egrets are among the few wild creatures which benefit directly from intensive rice cultivation水稻生长需要大量的水Growing rice needs lots of water但即便是在多雨的南方有些土地也面临缺水的危机but even in the rainy south, there are landscapes where water is surprisingly scarce相当于法国和西班牙国土加起来那么大This vast area of southwest China的中国西南的广阔土地the size of France and Spain combined因为宛如被干燥中空的谷地隔离开来的巨大蛋盒般is famous for its clusters of conical hills连绵的锥形山脉而闻名于世like giant upturned egg carton seperated by dry empty valleys这就是喀斯特地貌This is the karst石灰石地貌俨然成为南部中国的标志性特征a limestone terrain which has become the defining image of southern China喀斯特地貌通常以突起的裸岩状态分布Karst landscapes are often studded with rocky outcrops这迫使当地农民只得在破碎的小块土地上耕作forcing local farmers to cultivate tiny fields当地人是中国最贫穷的居民之一The people who live here are among the poorest in China在毗邻的云南省In neighboring Yunnan province遍布着石灰石limestone rocks have taken over entirely这就是著名的石林This is the famous Stone Forest无数年侵蚀作用的产物the product of countless years of erosion造就了无数的狭道与巅峰producing a maze of deep gullets and sharp-edged pinnacles石灰石有一个独性那就是能被雨水分解Limestone has a strange property that is dissolves in rain water在数千年的漫长光阴中水的侵蚀深入到岩床的心脏地带Over many thousands of years, water has corrode its way deep into the heart of the bedrock itself这一自然奇观成为了著名的旅游景点This natural wonder has a famous tourist spot每年的访客数量多达200万人receiving close to 2 million visitors each year中国人特别喜好奇形怪状的岩石The Chinese are fond of curiously shaped rocks并以为嶙峋怪石冠上千奇百怪的名字为乐and many have been given fanciful names但没人来猜测这个块怪石的名字No prices for guessing what this one is called但百闻不如置身这片奇妙山地亲身一见But there is more to this landscape than meets the eye在中国醒目的喀斯特地貌下China has literally thousands of mysterious caverns15700:17:04,800 --> 00:17:07,600隐匿着无数的神秘洞穴concealed beneath the visible landscape of the karst15800:17:08,700 --> 00:17:12,400这些隐秘世界大多不为世人所知Much of this hidden world has never been seen by human eyes15900:17:12,700 --> 00:17:16,000而现在他们将被展现在世人眼前And it's only just now being explored16000:17:24,100 --> 00:17:27,000奇险洞穴中再现了一场终极的探险For a growing band of intrepid young Chinese explorers16100:17:27,300 --> 00:17:32,000主角是一群日渐成长初生牛犊般的年轻探险家caves represent the ultimate adventure16200:17:34,300 --> 00:17:37,400探索一个洞穴犹如一场穿越时空的探险Exploring a cave is like taking the journey through time16300:17:37,800 --> 00:17:42,400常年积水叮咚伴随着无止境般的旅途a journey which endless raindrops would have followed over countless centuries16400:17:53,400 --> 00:17:55,600水滴潺潺落下Fed by countless drips and trickles16500:17:56,000 --> 00:17:59,500地下河流深切入岩the subterranean river carves ever deeper into the rock16600:18:09,600 --> 00:18:13,000石灰岩河床将洞穴的河道分割成千沟万壑The cave river's course is channeled by the beds of limestone16700:18:13,600 --> 00:18:18,000石灰岩薄弱处被河水冲刷差距的陡坡处水量激增A weakness in the rock can not allow the river to increase its gradient flowrate16800:18:18,160 --> 00:18:22,600为洞穴探险带来相当的挑战providing a real challenge for the cave explorers16900:19:02,400 --> 00:19:05,600水流到达地下水位后便停止下流The downward rushes halted when the water table is reached17000:19:06,600 --> 00:19:10,800这里缓缓流动的河流切割出一条圆形隧道Here the slow flowing river carves tunnels with a more rounded profile17100:19:15,800 --> 00:19:19,600这静谧的世界是穴居鱼的家This tranquil world is home to specialized cave fishes17200:19:20,400 --> 00:19:22,700比如无目金鲃like the eye-less Golden Barb17300:19:24,000 --> 00:19:27,600中国或许拥有地球上种类最为繁多的China may have unique kinds of cave evolved fishes17400:19:27,900 --> 00:19:30,700洞穴进化鱼than anywhere else on Earth17500:19:35,400 --> 00:19:36,900在地下水位线Above the water table17600:19:37,200 --> 00:19:43,500远古洞穴溢满的河水中充斥着石笋和钟乳石ancient caverns abandoned by the river slowly fill up with stalactites and stalagmites17700:19:48,120 --> 00:19:52,700含有沉积物的水流Stalactites form as trickling water deposites tiny quantities of rock17800:19:52,980 --> 00:19:55,400在千万年间“滴水成石”over hundreds or thousands of years17900:19:56,700 --> 00:20:01,500含有石灰质的水滴落石床形成石笋Stalagmites grow up where lime laid and drips hit the cave floor18000:20:22,400 --> 00:20:27,000迄今为止被探索发掘的中国洞穴是中国大地上的九牛一毛So far, only a fraction of China's caves have been thoroughly prospected18100:20:27,200 --> 00:20:30,600而被发掘的洞穴不断为我们展现地底奇观and caves are constantly discovering new subterranean marvels18200:20:30,800 --> 00:20:36,200许多在后来被开发成了商业景点many of which are subsequently developed into commercial show caves18300:20:44,250 --> 00:20:46,300探索者沿着洞穴河流出山谷的轨迹逃离了黑暗Finally escaping the darkness18400:20:46,700 --> 00:20:52,700在远离出发地的河谷the cave river and its human explorers emerge in a valley far from where their journey began18500:20:53,600 --> 00:20:56,300这场冒险拉上了帷幕or now the adventure is over18600:20:60,290 --> 00:21:02,000源自洞穴河流Rivers which issue from caves18700:21:02,100 --> 00:21:04,400为喀斯特地区提供了生命之泉are the key to survival in the karst country18800:21:04,990 --> 00:21:07,200贵州的垂直峡谷This vertical gorge in Guizhou province18900:21:07,500 --> 00:21:12,200成为了当地野生动物的密集焦点is a focal point for the region's wildlife19000:21:26,150 --> 00:21:28,400这是世界上最珍稀的灵长类之一This is one of the world's rarest primates19100:21:29,600 --> 00:21:31,700白颊黑叶猴Francois's langur19200:21:33,000 --> 00:21:36,200在中国他们只残存于两个南部省份In China, they survive in just two southern provinces19300:21:36,700 --> 00:21:38,600贵州与广西Guizhou and Guangxi19400:21:39,220 --> 00:21:42,500多半栖息于崎岖的石灰岩地貌地带always in ragged limestone terrains19500:21:44,400 --> 00:21:46,700正如大多数猴子一样他们是社会性生物Like most monkeys, they're social creatures19600:21:47,400 --> 00:21:50,300并且他们乐于耗费大把时间为彼此整理仪容and spend a great deal of time grooming each other19700:21:59,300 --> 00:22:05,300叶猴是个不折不扣以嫩芽、嫩叶、水果为食的素食主义者Langurs are essentially vegetarian with a diet of buds, fruits, and tender young leaves19800:22:17,190 --> 00:22:19,200叶猴宝宝裹着姜黄色的毛发出生Babies are born with ginger fur19900:22:19,500 --> 00:22:22,400这些毛发随着生长逐渐从尾部开始变成黑色which gradually turns black from the tail end20000:22:29,400 --> 00:22:31,800叶猴宝宝虎钳般的爪Young infants have a vise-like grip20100:22:31,990 --> 00:22:34,200帮助他们附着在妈妈身上以保证安全used for cling on to mom for dare life20200:22:36,800 --> 00:22:37,700随着年龄的增长As they get older20300:22:37,980 --> 00:22:40,500他们越发胆大，并开始常识更多刺激they get bolder and take more risks20400:22:45,000 --> 00:22:47,600这些是经历诸多冒险后的幸存者Those have survive spend a lot of time travelling20500:22:48,280 --> 00:22:52,300尽管经验丰富的成年叶猴深知Yet experienced adults know exactly where to find seasonal food20600:22:52,500 --> 00:22:56,400到守备范围内不同区域的哪里去寻觅当季的食物in different parts of their range20700:22:58,600 --> 00:23:00,000在如此陡峭的地带In such steep terrain20800:23:00,600 --> 00:23:03,400旅途顺利包含了高超的攀爬技巧travel involves a high level of climbing skill20900:23:03,900 --> 00:23:12,200这些猴子打会走路起就是卓越的攀岩专家These monkeys are spectacularly good rock climbers from the time they learnt to walk21000:23:19,900 --> 00:23:21,300叶猴族群In langur society21100:23:21,500 --> 00:23:23,200是母系社会females rule the roost21200:23:23,500 --> 00:23:26,400并且是举家迁徙的领队人物and take the lead when the family is on the move21300:23:52,500 --> 00:23:53,600峭壁一侧One section of cliff21400:23:53,980 --> 00:23:56,400分泌的水是富含矿物质的woops is a trickle of mineral-rich water21500:23:56,900 --> 00:23:59,600这对猴子们而言是不可抗拒的诱惑which the monkeys seem to find irresistible21600:24:14,600 --> 00:24:20,400如今麻阳河自然保护区已鲜有危及猴宝宝的捕食者These days there are few predators in the Mayanghe Reserve which might pose a risk to baby monkey21700:24:20,880 --> 00:24:23,200然而在过去的数个世纪but in past centuries, this area of south China21800:24:23,700 --> 00:24:27,200中国南部的这个地区是豹子巨蟒甚至老虎的家was home to leopards, pythons, and even tigers21900:24:30,000 --> 00:24:32,500为了在暗夜潜行者的利爪下存活To survive dangerous night prowlers22000:24:32,800 --> 00:24:34,400叶猴们前往地底the langurs went underground22100:24:35,200 --> 00:24:40,000用他们的高超的攀爬技巧爬到洞穴上方寻找庇护所using their rock climbing skills to seek shelter in inaccessible caverns22200:24:55,200 --> 00:24:58,300夜视镜在近乎黑暗的坏境下记录下Filmed in near darkness using a night vision camera22300:24:59,200 --> 00:25:02,300叶猴一家爬上了the troop clambers along familiar ledges22400:25:02,600 --> 00:25:05,200被数代猴族磨蚀光润的石壁的情景worn smooth by generations before them22500:25:12,700 --> 00:25:14,400当冬日寒冷来袭During cold winter weather22600:25:14,880 --> 00:25:17,400猴子们则冒险潜入the monkeys venture deeper underground22700:25:17,600 --> 00:25:20,400空气相对保持温暖的地下where the air stays comparatively warm22800:25:37,400 --> 00:25:39,200旅途的终点At last, journeys end,22900:25:39,600 --> 00:25:43,999高悬的庇护所使得最激进的捕食者都束手无策a coated niche beyond the reach of even the most enterprising predator23000:25:47,800 --> 00:25:50,600并非只有猴子们在洞穴中寻找遮蔽But it's not just monkeys that find shelter in caves23100:25:51,000 --> 00:25:53,000这些孩子们刚放学These children are off to school23200:25:54,400 --> 00:25:58,000在中国农村每天早上都意味着一段In rural China, that may mean a long trek each morning23300:25:58,200 --> 00:26:00,400穿越一两个洞穴的艰苦跋涉passing through a cave or two on the way23400:26:02,600 --> 00:26:05,000然而并非所有孩子都要徒步上学But not all pupils have to walk to school23500:26:06,200 --> 00:26:08,300这些孩子是寄宿生These children are boarders23600:26:11,400 --> 00:26:13,600当孩子们快要到达学校时As the day pupils near journey's end23700:26:14,500 --> 00:26:16,600住宿生还在做早饭the boarders are still making breakfast23800:26:20,900 --> 00:26:24,600校园内仿若被关掉了灯一般黑暗In the school yard, someone seems to have switched the lights off23900:26:28,200 --> 00:26:30,000但这里其实并没有正规的操场But this is no ordinary play ground24000:26:30,900 --> 00:26:32,500以及正规的学校and no ordinary school24100:26:36,880 --> 00:26:37,880只不过是座Its house24200:26:38,700 --> 00:26:40,000洞穴中的房屋而已inside a cave24300:26:43,500 --> 00:26:46,200天然拱顶阻隔了雨水A natural vault of rock keeps out the rain24400:26:46,500 --> 00:26:49,200为教室省去了屋顶so there is no need for a roof on the classroom24500:27:01,000 --> 00:27:04,400中东洞穴学校由六个班级Zhongdong cave school is made up of 6 classes24600:27:04,600 --> 00:27:06,900共200名学生组成with a total of 200 children24700:27:09,400 --> 00:27:13,400如同这所学校般这个洞穴住宅区As well as a school, the cave houses 18 families24800:27:14,400 --> 00:27:16,200是18户人家和他们牲畜的聚居地together with their livestock24900:27:18,500 --> 00:27:22,000这或许是世界上唯一在洞穴中饲养的牛了This could be the only cave dwelling cows on Earth25000:27:27,500 --> 00:27:30,300放学后是游戏的时间With school work over, it's play time at last25100:27:43,000 --> 00:27:46,000在中国南方洞穴不仅用于遮蔽In southern China, caves aren't just used for shelter25200:27:46,400 --> 00:27:49,300他们也能为当地人带来恩惠they can be a source of revenue for the community25300:28:22,600 --> 00:28:25,600数代的人持续受到洞穴的恩泽People have been visiting this cave for generations25400:28:25,900 --> 00:28:28,300洞穴地底覆盖了满满鸟粪The cave floor is covered in guano25500:28:28,700 --> 00:28:32,500仅仅十分钟时间就能让农人满载而归so plentiful that 10 minutes' work can fill these farmer's baskets25600:28:33,650 --> 00:28:36,200这是一种宝贵的天然肥料This used as a valuable source of fertilizer25700:28:45,000 --> 00:28:50,500鸟粪的源头能听到河水上空的鸟鸣A clue to the source of the guano can be heard above the noise of the river25800:28:51,300 --> 00:28:54,000噪音因为山洞而被放大The sound originates high up in the roof of the cave25900:28:57,000 --> 00:28:59,800入口处聚满了雨燕The entrance is full of swifts26000:29:02,600 --> 00:29:04,500他们是社交性动物They are very sociable birds26100:29:04,900 --> 00:29:09,500约200000多的共享贵州南部的洞穴more than 200,000 of them share this cave in southern Guizhou province26200:29:09,800 --> 00:29:12,200中国最大的雨燕栖息地The biggest swift colony in China26300:29:13,000 --> 00:29:18,200如今中国的家燕多数将巢穴建在建筑物的屋顶These days, Chinese house swiftsmostly nest in the roofs of buildings26400:29:18,400 --> 00:29:21,300但其实在房屋被发明出来之前but rock crevasses like these were their original home26500:29:21,500 --> 00:29:23,600这样的岩缝才是他们原本安家的地方long before houses were invented26600:29:28,800 --> 00:29:31,200尽管雨燕依靠洞穴遮蔽Though the swifts depend on the cave for shelter26700:29:31,700 --> 00:29:34,300他们却必定在日落前归巢they never stray further than the limits of daylight26800:29:34,900 --> 00:29:37,200因为他们的眼睛无法在黑夜中看清事物as their eyes can't see in dark26900:29:39,500 --> 00:29:41,500然而洞穴深处However, deep inside the cavern27000:29:41,990 --> 00:29:44,500是一群更适应地下are the creatures are better equipped27100:29:44,600 --> 00:29:46,300隐秘生活的居民for subterranean life27200:29:50,999 --> 00:29:53,400一群蝙蝠刚刚醒来A colony of bats is just waking up27300:29:53,700 --> 00:29:58,000他们运用超声波在黑夜中确定自己的方位using ultrasonic squeaks to orientate themselves in the darkness27400:30:02,500 --> 00:30:05,200夜晚是狩猎时间Night is the time to go hunting27500:30:57,990 --> 00:31:05,000Rickett鼠耳蝠是亚洲蝙蝠中唯一Rickett's mouse-eared bat is the only bat in Asia which specializes in catching fishes27600:31:05,200 --> 00:31:10,000通过在水面依靠声波对涟漪的反射追踪游鱼的蝙蝠种tracking them down from the sound reflection of ripples on the water surface27700:31:30,400 --> 00:31:35,000这种非凡的技巧仅在数年前被发现This extraordinary behavior was only discovered in the last couple of years27800:31:35,800 --> 00:31:38,100现在首次被记录下来展示给世人and has never been filmed before27900:31:46,500 --> 00:31:49,200如果说在黑暗中追捕游鱼是如此的不可思议If catching fish in the dark is impressive28000:31:50,300 --> 00:31:55,000想象下倒挂状态下不用爪子吞食滑溜溜的米诺鱼是怎样的神奇场景imagine eating a slippery minnow with no hands while hanging upside down28100:32:05,300 --> 00:32:08,400拂晓降临至桂林的喀斯特山地Dawn, over the karst hills of Guilin28200:32:11,000 --> 00:32:14,000这些山地的嶙峋奇秀归功于These remarkable hills owe their peculiar shapes28300:32:14,300 --> 00:32:17,200漓江那弱酸性的水质to the mildly acid waters of the Li River28400:32:17,400 --> 00:32:22,200亿万年的侵蚀褪去了他们的本来面目whose meandering course over eons of time has corrode away their basis28500:32:22,500 --> 00:32:25,200只剩下坚硬的河道残留下来until only the rocky course remained28600:32:30,400 --> 00:32:33,200漓江是中国最清澈的河流之一Li is one of the cleanest rivers in China28700:32:33,900 --> 00:32:37,300是捕鱼者和他们训练有素的鸬鹚最爱的捕获点a favorite spot for fishermen with their trained cormorants28800:32:41,000 --> 00:32:44,600这帮七八十岁的男人全部姓黄The men, all called Huang, come from the same village28900:32:44,900 --> 00:32:47,000他们来自同一个村落now in their seventies and eighties29000:32:47,400 --> 00:32:49,300他们毕生都以捕鱼卫生they've been fishermen all their lives29100:32:54,990 --> 00:32:56,400在释放鱼鸟之前Before they release the birds29200:32:56,500 --> 00:32:58,700他们在鸟的脖子上松松的系一条套索they tie a noose, loosely around the neck29300:32:59,000 --> 00:33:01,800以防止鸟儿私自将捕到的鱼吞进肚子里to stop them swallowing any fish they may catch29400:33:09,000 --> 00:33:14,100伴随着即兴的舞蹈，黄老汉鼓励着他的鸟儿们跳入水中Chancing and dancing, the Huangs encourage their birds to take the plunge29500:33:18,300 --> 00:33:19,100在水下Underwater29600:33:19,400 --> 00:33:21,800鸬鹚的狩猎本能暴发the cormorant's hunting instinct kicks in29700:33:21,990 --> 00:33:24,700他们化身为水下的游鱼追踪导弹turning them into fish seeking missiles29800:33:48,200 --> 00:33:49,300一只鸬鹚小分队搭档合作齐心协力Working together,29900:33:49,900 --> 00:33:55,000一早上便能收获颇丰a good cormorant team can catch a couple of dozen decent-sized fish in a morning30000:34:33,500 --> 00:34:37,800鸟儿们被训练过只能带着鱼儿回到筏子The birds return to the raft with their fish because they've been trained to do so30100:34:38,700 --> 00:34:40,400从出生的那一刻起From the time it first hatched30200:34:40,600 --> 00:34:44,700鸬鹚们就开始被训练为忠仆each of these cormorants has been reared to a life of obedience to its master30300:34:45,190 --> 00:34:48,200这些鸟儿是高效的奴隶The birds are, in effect, slaves30400:34:49,990 --> 00:34:51,500但是它们并不是白痴But they are not stupid30500:34:52,000 --> 00:34:55,400据说鸬鹚能够记住它们捕获的鱼的数目It's said the cormorants can key the tally of the fish they catch30600:34:55,600 --> 00:34:57,200至少能记住七条at least up to seven30700:34:57,500 --> 00:35:01,600除非它们不时得到打赏当然这不过是收回一点自己的劳动成果罢了So unless they get a reward now and then,they simply withdraw their labor30800:35:02,700 --> 00:35:05,700渔夫理所当然得把最好的鱼留给自己The fishermen of course keep the best fish for themselves30900:35:06,300 --> 00:35:08,700鸬鹚则能享受剩余的部分The cormorants get the leftover tiddlies31000:35:15,300 --> 00:35:19,600项圈摘除后鸟儿们终于能享用它的战利品了With its collar removed，the bird can at last swallow its prize31100:35:20,600 --> 00:35:23,000最美妙的莫过于得到额外的打赏Best of all,when it isn't meant to have...31200:35:33,500 --> 00:35:36,500而如今现代捕鱼技术的激烈竞争These days,competition for modern fishing techniques31300:35:36,700 --> 00:35:40,700意味着使黄老汉已不能仅靠鸬鹚捕鱼这一传统的手段谋生了means the Huangs can't make a living from traditional cormorant fishing alone31400:35:41,000 --> 00:35:43,500这一流传了1300多年的传统And this 1300-year old tradition。

赴马拉威拓商、投资建议

赴马拉威拓商，投资建议1. 介绍马拉威位于非洲东南部，是一个潜力巨大的投资目标。

该国拥有丰富的自然资源和独特的地理位置，为投资者提供了许多商机。

本文将向投资者介绍马拉威的商业环境，并给出相关的投资建议。

2. 马拉威的商业环境2.1 经济形势马拉威是一个农业国家，农业部门是该国最重要的经济支柱。

主要农产品包括烟草、茶叶、蔬菜和水果等。

此外，马拉威还拥有丰富的矿产资源，如石油、煤炭和铜矿。

然而，由于经济基础薄弱、基础设施不完善等因素，马拉威的经济发展仍面临许多挑战。

尽管面临挑战，马拉威仍然具有许多投资优势。

首先，马拉威拥有相对稳定的政治环境，政府鼓励外商投资，并提供各种投资奖励政策。

其次，马拉威地理位置优越，与其他东南非洲国家相邻，便于跨境贸易。

此外，马拉威还具有充足的廉价劳动力资源，劳动力成本相对较低。

3.1 农业领域由于农业是马拉威经济的重要组成部分，投资农业领域是一个明智的选择。

你可以考虑投资农产品种植、加工和出口等方面。

茶叶、咖啡和蔬菜等农产品在国际市场上有很高的需求，可以提供丰厚的回报。

3.2 矿业领域马拉威拥有丰富的矿产资源，特别是石油、煤炭和铜矿等。

投资矿业领域可以享受资源开发的红利。

然而，需要注意的是，矿业投资一般要求大规模投入和长期回报的周期。

在投资矿业之前，应仔细评估风险和回报。

3.3 旅游业马拉威拥有得天独厚的自然风景和丰富多样的野生动植物资源，具有巨大的旅游发展潜力。

投资旅游业可以开发酒店、度假村和观光旅游等项目。

然而，马拉威的旅游业发展仍面临一些挑战，如基础设施不完善和安全问题等。

4. 投资风险和挑战在考虑投资马拉威时，需要注意以下风险和挑战：•政治不稳定性：尽管目前马拉威的政治环境相对稳定，但政治风险仍然存在。

投资者应密切关注政治动态，做好风险管理工作。

•基础设施不完善：马拉威的基础设施建设相对滞后，特别是交通和电力方面。

投资者应考虑到这一点，并预留足够的预算用于基础设施建设和改善。