初中英语宾语从句讲解练习

二、宾语从句
1．语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
3．时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：
I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
They found that the box was very heavy.→They found the box very heavy
练习题：
一．单项选择
1. I don't know __ he will come tomorrow. __ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; WhetherC. if; That D. if; If
Could you tell mehowI can getto the station？→Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.→The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.→Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win.→The boys seemed to win.
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
1在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：
Do you know which class he is in？你知道他在哪个班吗？
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2．连接词
1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.→I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether（在句中不充当任何成分）。如：
—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
★宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句（六种方法），使其与原句意思相同（或相近）。
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise（和主观决定有关）等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
宾语从句
一、概述
宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。
主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。
简单句She knew the teacher(宾语）复合句She knew that the teacher had seen the film.(宾从）
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西.
I don't know which belongs to my father.
2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us.→He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and whnow the time and the place of his birth.
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him.→We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell（和记忆认知有关）等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)
I don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：