subcouplingPN
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couplingCoupling: An Essential Concept in Systems Design and AnalysisIntroductionIn the field of systems design and analysis, the concept of coupling plays a critical role in understanding and evaluating the complexity and efficiency of a software system. Coupling refers to the degree of interdependence between different modules or components within a system. It measures how closely one module is connected with another, and how much one module relies on another to perform its functionality. This document aims to provide a comprehensive overview of coupling, its types, impacts, and strategies to reduce coupling in software systems.Types of CouplingThere are several types of coupling that can exist in a software system. Each type represents a different level of interdependence between modules. Understanding thesetypes is crucial for analyzing software systems and identifying potential areas for improvement.1. Content Coupling: Content coupling refers to the highest level of interdependence between modules. In this type of coupling, one module directly accesses the internal data or methods of another module. This close dependency can make the system fragile and less maintainable, as any changes in one module may require modifications in other closely coupled modules.2. Common Coupling: Common coupling occurs when multiple modules share a global data item. Any changes in the shared data can impact the behavior of multiple modules. This type of coupling can make it difficult to maintain and reason about the system, as modifications in one module can have unintended consequences on others.3. Control Coupling: Control coupling happens when one module controls the flow of execution of another module by passing parameters, flags, or function calls. This type of coupling can lead to code complexity and reduce modularity, as changes in one module can have ripple effects on other modules that rely on the control flow.4. Stamp Coupling: Stamp coupling occurs when modules share a structure with multiple related elements, but only a subset of the elements is actually used by each module. This can lead to inefficiency and code bloat, as modules may require unnecessary data or functionality.5. Data Coupling: Data coupling represents a lower level of interdependence, where modules share data through parameters or return values. However, they do not rely on each other's internal implementation details. This is considered a desirable type of coupling, as it promotes modular and independent development of components.Impacts of CouplingHigh coupling in a software system can have various negative impacts on its maintainability, extensibility, and overall performance. Some of the key impacts of coupling include:1. Difficult Maintenance: When modules are tightly coupled, any changes or bug fixes in one module can have unintended consequences on other modules. This makes it more difficult to identify and fix issues, increasing the risk of introducing new bugs and errors.2. Limited Extensibility: In a system with high coupling, making changes or adding new features becomes a challenging task. The interdependence between modules can restrict the flexibility and modularity needed for easy extensibility. This can limit the ability to adapt to evolving requirements or integrate with new technologies.3. Testing Complexity: Closely coupled modules often require more extensive testing efforts. The high interdependence between modules makes it harder to isolate and test individual components. Any changes to one module may require retesting of multiple other modules, increasing the time and effort required for testing.Strategies to Reduce CouplingReducing coupling is crucial for developing and maintaining robust, flexible, and efficient software systems. Here are some strategies to minimize coupling and improve the overall quality of the system:1. Encapsulate Functionality: Encapsulating the functionality of modules and exposing only necessary interfaces canreduce the level of interdependence. This promotes modularity and allows changes to be localized within individual modules, minimizing the impact on other parts of the system.2. Use Abstraction and Interfaces: Instead of tightly coupling modules with concrete implementations, use abstractions and interfaces to define contracts between components. This allows for loose coupling, as modules can interact through well-defined interfaces without relying on the concrete implementation details.3. Apply Design Patterns: Design patterns like the Observer pattern, Dependency Injection, or Strategy pattern can help reduce coupling by decoupling modules and promoting more flexible interactions. These patterns provide standardized approaches for achieving loose coupling and modular designs.4. Follow Separation of Concerns: Ensure that each module or component has a clear and single responsibility. This helps to minimize the dependencies between modules and allows for better separation of concerns. By separating the functionality, changes or updates in one aspect of the system will have minimal impact on other components.5. Continuous Refactoring: Regularly review and refactor the codebase to identify and reduce coupling. Refactoring involves restructuring the code without changing its external functionality. By continuously refactoring, developers can identify opportunities to decouple modules and improve the overall code quality.ConclusionCoupling is a fundamental concept in systems design and analysis, influencing the complexity and maintainability of software systems. Understanding the different types of coupling and their impacts is essential for evaluating and improving the quality of a system. By adopting strategies like encapsulation, abstraction, design patterns, separation of concerns, and continuous refactoring, developers can minimize coupling and build more flexible, modular, and maintainable software systems.。
pn结(pnjunction)物理知识大全
pn结〔p-njunction〕物理知识大全当今社会是一个高速开展的信息社会。
生活在信息社会,就要不断地接触或获取信息。
如何获取信息呢?阅读便是其中一个重要的途径。
据有人不完全统计,当今社会需要的各种信息约有80%以上直接或间接地来自于图书文献。
这就说明阅读在当今社会的重要性。
还在等什么,快来看看这篇pn结(p-njunction)物理知识大全吧~pn结〔p-njunction〕pn结(p-njunction)在一块n型(或p型)半导体单晶上,用适当的工艺方法(如合金法、扩散法和离子注入法等)把p型(或n型)杂质掺入其中,使这块单晶的不同区域分别具有p型和n型的导电类型,在二者的交界面处就形成了pn结。
pn结刚形成时,p区的多数载流子空穴向n区扩散,在n区边界附近与电子复合。
p区失去空穴,在其边界附近就剩下带负电的受主离子;同理,n区电子也向p区扩散,在其边界附近剩下带正电的施主离子。
结果在p区和n区交界面的两侧形成带正、负电荷的区域,称为空间电荷区,也叫耗尽区(多数载流子缺乏)。
空间电荷区内正、负离子电荷总量相等,其中形成的电场方向由n区指向p区,它就是pn结的自建电场。
在平衡时,自建电场的大小正好能阻止空穴和电子进一步扩散,使空间电荷区宽度保持一定。
当结上加正向电压时(即p区接电源正极,n区接负极),自建电场削弱,使多数载流子(p区的空穴,n区的电子)容易通过pn结,因此电流较大,这时pn 结叫做正偏结,电流称为正向电流;当结上加反向电压时,内建电场增加,只有少数载流子(p区的电子,n区的空穴)易通过pn结,因此电流很小,这时pn结叫做反偏结,电流叫做反向电流。
pn结具有单向导电性,这是pn结最根本的性质之一。
pn结这种整流特性是很多半导体器件和电路的核心。
整流器及许多其他类型的二极管都是只含1个pn结的器件;一般结型晶体管是2个pn构造成的器件;晶体闸流管是含有3个或4个pn结的器件。
这篇pn结(p-njunction)物理知识大全,你推荐给朋友了么?。
pn序列产生原理
PN序列的基本原理1. 引言PN序列(Pseudo-Noise sequence)是一种伪随机序列,具有良好的随机性质,被广泛应用于通信、密码学和信号处理等领域。
本文将详细解释PN序列的产生原理,包括线性反馈移位寄存器(LFSR)和Gold序列的生成方法。
2. 线性反馈移位寄存器(LFSR)LFSR是产生PN序列的主要工具,它是一种由多个触发器组成的寄存器,在每个时钟周期内,通过对寄存器的状态进行移位和反馈,生成下一个时刻的输出。
LFSR由以下三个要素组成: - 寄存器:由若干个触发器(一般是D触发器)组成,每个触发器有一个时钟输入和一个输出。
- 反馈多项式:用于决定每个触发器的输入。
它是一个多项式,其系数为0或1,表示每个触发器的输出是否参与反馈。
- 反馈方式:决定每个触发器的输出是否参与反馈,可以是异或、与或非等逻辑运算。
LFSR的工作过程如下: 1. 初始状态:将寄存器的初始值设定为一个非零值。
2. 时钟触发:在每个时钟周期内,寄存器的状态向左移位,即将每个触发器的输出传递给下一个触发器。
3. 反馈:根据反馈多项式和反馈方式,计算新的输入值。
一般来说,将参与反馈的触发器的输出进行逻辑运算,得到新的输入值。
4. 输出:取寄存器的最低位作为输出。
LFSR的输出序列称为线性反馈移位寄存器序列,具有周期性。
当寄存器的状态重新回到初始状态时,序列将重复。
3. PN序列的生成方法PN序列的生成方法主要有两种:简单LFSR和Gold序列。
3.1 简单LFSR简单LFSR是最基本的PN序列生成方法,其特点是只使用一个LFSR。
简单LFSR的生成过程如下: 1. 初始化:选择适当的寄存器初始值。
2. 时钟触发和反馈:根据LFSR的结构,进行时钟触发和反馈操作。
3. 输出:取LFSR的最低位作为输出。
简单LFSR生成的PN序列周期性较短,安全性较低,易受到攻击。
3.2 Gold序列Gold序列是一种通过两个LFSR相互协作生成的PN序列,其特点是周期性较长,安全性较高。
南京大学博士入学专业英语词汇大全
A ayes贝叶斯Abbreviation缩写(词)Abrasion磨损abrade磨损Abrupt生硬的、突然的abrupt junction 突变结Absorb、absorption 吸附、吸收Absorption Spectra 吸收光谱absorptivity吸收能力ACC(accept)允收acceptor受主acceptor atom受主原子deep acceptor (lever) 深受主(能级)accepted mechanism常用机构acceptance接受REE(reject)拒收Accelerated testing 加速实验accelerator加速器Accent强调、口音accent lighting重点照明Access存取interprocessor access处理器间存取accessibility易接近、可以得到的、可亲accessible无障碍、易接近Accessories附件Acclimatization适应环境、气候适应acclimatization duration转换时间climate气候、环境条件Accomplish完成Accommodate使适应、容纳Accompanied伴随的Accumulation积累、堆积accumulating contact积累接触accumulation region积累区accumulation layer积累层cumulant累积accumulator累加器Accuracy精准度Achievable可完成的Acknowledge应答、承认clock/acknowledge时钟/应答Acoustic声学的Acquisition获取acquisition and tracking radar搜索与跟踪雷达acquisition probability目标探测几率Activation 激活active component 有源元件active device 有源器件activation energy 激活能active region 有源(放大)区active layer有源层、活性层activity ratio活动率activator活化剂Actuate开动、促使、驱使、激励actuated开动的actuator驱动器cylinder actuator油缸促动器Acute剧烈的Adaptation自适应adaptive filter自适应滤波器adapter适配器ADPCM自适应音频脉冲编码Adatom吸附原子Add-on追加Additive添加剂、附加的Address question提出问题direct addressing直接寻址indirect addressing间接寻址address assignment地址分配address bus数据总线Adduct加合物bis-adduct二度加合物Adhesion 附着adherence坚持、依附adherence to遵守conductive adhesive粘合剂silver paste conductive adhesive=conducting resin银浆导电胶anisotropic conductive adhesive单向导电胶Adiabatic绝热的adiabatic condition绝热条件adiabatically在绝热条件下Adjacent channel相邻信道Administrative行政的administration管理、行政(部)、总务部=general affairs deptAdmittance导纳、入场权、进入、通道admittance mechanism准入机制adolescence青春期Advancement 进步、提升advent出现Adverse不利的、相反的adverse effect不利影响adversely不利地、相反地Aerial天线dipole aerial偶极子天线antenna天线Aero航空的aeronautical航空的Affinity亲和、密切关系Aforementioned上述的、前面提及的Afterward后来、然后Agglomeration凝聚、附聚Airborne radar机载雷达spaceborne radar星载雷达Albeit 虽然、即使Alcohol酒精industrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台wet station沾湿台Alcove凹室、壁龛、盒子Algorithm算法imaging algorithm成像算法Aliasing混淆现象、混迭time-aliasing时间混迭time-domain aliasing时域混迭Alignment对齐mask alignment 掩膜对准alignment precision对准精度-mask aligner光刻机projection mask aligner 投影光刻机aligned对齐的、均衡的positive alignment自动校准aligned对齐的、均衡的Alkalidipping=degrease脱脂Alleviate 减轻、缓和Allowed band 允带Alloy 合金、化合物alloy-junction device合金结器件disordered alloy无序合金Alphabetize以字母顺序排列Alter更换alternative交替的alterential差速器alterential etbuttong微分腐蚀alterential coable微分系数alternating current 交流电流alterential差速器alterential etbuttong微分腐蚀alterential coable微分系数Aluminum=Aluminium 铝aluminum-oxide 铝氧化物aluminum passivation 铝钝化Ambiguous模糊不清的、引起歧义的umambiguous不含糊的、清楚的ambiguity模糊Ambipolar双极的Ammonia 氨Amorphous 非晶形的、无定型的amorphous silicon非晶硅morphology形态Amount量adsorption amount吸附量amounts of大量的amount to相当于、总计为amount due到期金额Ampacity安培容量、载流容量Amplifier 功放、运算放大器analogue comparator 模拟比较器Amplitude振幅magnitude幅度Analytically 分析analytically and pictorially 分析和绘图finite element analysis有限元分析法semi-analytical thermal analysis半解析热分析法analytical解析(法)numerical method数值分析法equivalent load method等效载荷法experimental method实验法analysis equation分解方程Angstrom 埃Anode 阳极(埃是光谱线波长单位)Animation动画Anisotropy 各向异性anisotropic 各向异性的isotropic各向同性的Annealing (低温)退火isothermal annealing 等温退火laser annealing激光退火Annihilated废止的、歼灭、宣告…无效、视…为无关紧要、废除、消除、取消Anodize阳极处理、阳极氧化ANSI美国国家标准American national standards institute美国国家标准学会Antenna天线loop antenna环天线Anticipated预期的Antifouling防污fouling污染、污垢contamination治污Antimonide锑化物antimony锑Aperture孔、孔径Apparatus装置ring-and-ball apparatus环球仪Apparent 显然的、表面上的、磁面apparently显然地apparent barrier障面Appealing吸引人的appeal申诉、上诉、吸引力appeallant上诉人petition for appeal上诉状Appendix附录Applicate将…置于…表面上applicator涂药器Appointed指定的Approach方法Appropriate适当的inappropriate不适当的Approval批准、审核verify核实approved by/checked by/prepared by核准/审核/承办AQL(acceptable quality level)允收品质水准/等级Arbitrarily武断、反复无常arbitrary任意、随意arbitrary value任意值arbitrary scale任意标尺arbitration仲裁Arcane不可思议的Architecture结构Archive存档Argon氩Ar-ion氩离子argon welding氩弧焊Argument自变量Arithmetic算术、运算algorithm算法Array阵列、一系列、数组、排列Arrhenius plot曲线图Arsenic (AS) 砷Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs) 砷化嫁arsenate砷酸盐arsenal兵工厂、军械库Arsine胂、三氢砷化、阿尔西内(人名)Article章程articles of association=articles of incorporation企业章程articulate probe (with web stop)高灵敏度的探针(实验弯指)probe with web stop实验弯指Artificial intelligence人工智能Asbesto(s)石棉ASAP(as soon as possible)尽快Asphalt沥青A-Si films非晶硅薄膜=amorphous siliconAs-received 据接收情况as-deposited由沉积获得as-loaded据载荷as-grown未退火Assemble/assembly装配reassemble重新装配assembly line组装线subassembly组件、部件Assess评估assess fracture断裂评估Asset资产Associative结合的Assistance援助financial assistance财政资助assisted辅助的asymptotic渐近(线)的As such同样地Asynchronous异步的synchronous同步的Atmospheric noise大气噪声Atomic原子的Atomically 利用原子能地atomic force microscopy (AFM) 原子力显微镜(技术) adatom吸附原子atomic spacing原子间距Attainable可达到的、可得到的attain达到、实现、获得、到达attain to达到、获得attainment达到、成就、学识pertain to关于、属于Attenuate衰减attenuator衰减器Attractor吸引子、吸引区attractive force引力point attractor点吸子Attribute属性Audio音频、音频的Audit审核audit programme审核方案audit criteria审核准则audit evidence审核证据audit finding审核发现audit conclusion审核结论audit client审核委托方auditee受审核方auditor审核员audit plan审核计划audit scope审核范围Auger 俄歇auger process 俄歇过程Authentic真正的、可信的Autonomous system自治系统authentic真正的、可信的Autoregressive filter自回归滤波器regressive回归的、后退的、退化的Auspice 赞助、主办Authorized user授权用户Automated自动的Auxiliary辅助的auxiliary windding辅助线圈Available有效的、可利用的limited availability供应量有限Avalanche雪崩avalanche breakdown雪崩击穿avalanche excitation雪崩激发Avoid避免Unavoidable不可避免的avoidance逃避、废止voidable可撤销的、可使无效的voided废弃的、有空间的、中心区空白的AWG(American wire gauge)美国线规Axis轴C-axis C轴B ackbone骨干Backward反向backside后方、背面back off后退、减轻Bake烤、烘焙baking finish/stoving varnish烤漆mirage black/piano black/piano finish/piano bake钢琴烤漆metal drawing 金属拉丝Balance平衡、相称balanced平衡的、匹配的Band能带band gap 能带间隙(带隙) band-edge emission 带边发射allowed band 允带blocking band阻挡能带conduction band (edge) 导带(底) empty band空带filled/occupied band满带flat band平带narrow band窄带forbidden band禁带band width通带宽度band-elimination带阻滤波器bandlimited function有限带宽函数(带限函数)band bending=energy-band bending能带弯曲、折弯banddiagram能带subbands部分波段、子带、次频带subband samples 次频带取样heavy/light hole band重/轻空穴带heavy/light hole band重/轻空穴带band alignment能带排列stopband阻带folded block折弯块sliding block=cam block滑块padding block垫块Ballast整流器ballasting resistor 整流电阻Ballistic弹道ballistic electron弹道电子quasiballistic准弹道Bankrupt破产的bankruptcy=insolvency破产Bar禁止、条(形)barcode条码barcode scanner条码扫描器bar diagram条形图Bare空的、赤裸的、露出Barreling=barrel burnishing=roll finish=slid abrading=tumbling滚光Barrier势垒、屏蔽barrier layer 势垒层barrier width 势垒宽度barricade=isolating plate=baffle plate隔板Base基极base contact 基区接触base stretching 基区扩展效应base transit time 基区渡越时间base transport efficiency基区输运系数base-width modulation基区宽度调制basis vector 基矢base、bear和bull转折点、空头和多头basement地下室baseline底线、基线Bath溶液copper plating bath镀铜溶液Baud波特Beam束beam lead 梁式引线beam density束淋度beam diameter射束直径beam divergence射束发散beam displacement束位移beam deviation factor射束偏移系数convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED)会聚束电子衍射Bear out(borne out)证实bear轴承、承受、熊(空头)bear、bull和base空头、多头和转折点bearing轴承、忍受Behaved举止、行为、表现well-behaved良性的well-behaved preferences良好性状的偏好well-behaved technologies 良好性状的技术Bending弯曲度bending moment 弯矩wave induced bending moment波浪(诱导)弯矩upward bending上凸弯曲buckling压曲bow弯曲的Beryllium (Be)铍Be-doped铍掺杂beryllia氧化铍beryllium ceramics氧化铍陶瓷Bias偏置backward bias反向偏置biased偏置的Biaxially双轴的Bibliography书目提要Bilateral双向的bilateral switch双向开关lateral侧面的、横向的Bilayer双分子层bilayer system双层薄膜Bilinear transformation双线型变换Binding有约束力的、捆绑binding energy束缚能、键能Lattice binding晶格结合力=boundBinary二进制的binary code二进制代码binary compound semiconductor 二元化合物binary collision双碰撞binary alloy二元合金binary coded decimal system二进化系统binary intermolecular collision二元分子间碰撞binary collision approxima tion双体碰撞近似singe-binary collision单次双体碰撞binary counter二进计数器Bipolar双极性的bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 双极晶体管Bisector二等分线perpendicular bisector垂直平分线Bit位、比特、很小的bit manipulation位操作Blade刀片、插头的插片Blame责备、归咎于blamed the problem on把这个问题归咎于Blast冲击波blaster喷丸砂sand blast喷用沙grit blast喷砂=abrasive blasting=shot blastingBlend调配blends混合物blended混合、混杂的Blister气泡、气泡砂眼、吸塑blister card吸塑卡Bloch布洛赫Blooming爆发Blotchy有斑点的speckle斑点Blow dry吹干dryer干燥机、烘干机Blunt钝的、生硬的、直率的dull钝的Blurred模糊不清的picture blurred图像模糊Board看板、厚纸板、板Bobbin骨架flanged bobbin带法兰的骨架Bode plot博德图Body-centered体心立方body-centered cubic structure 体立心结构face-centered面心立方Boldface黑体字Bolt螺栓hinge铰链fastener扣件tight a bolt拧紧螺栓looser a bolt拧松螺栓Boltzmann 波尔兹曼Bond键、债券(bond rating债券评级)Bonding键合debonding剥离bonded胶合bonding electron价电子wafer bonding 晶体键合fusion bonding 熔融键合anodic bonding 阳极键合low temperature glass bonding 低温玻璃键合Eutectic bonding 低共熔体键合adhesive bonding粘合键合direct bonding直接键合low temperature UHV bonding低温真空键合lead bonding引线键合lead frame bonding引线框式键合tape automated bonding (TAB)带式自动键合laser bonding激光键合ultrasonic bonding 超声键合infrared bonding 红外键合wedge bonding 楔焊inner lead bonding内引线焊接outer lead bonding外引线焊接ball bonding (球形键合)球焊thermocompression bonding热压焊thermosonic bonding热超声焊bonding pad键合点dangling bonds悬挂键bonded pairs键合对bond delamination粘结分层测量bonding medium键合介质band strength键合强度low temperature melting bonding低温共熔体键合Boolean布尔值Boot导入Bootstrap circuit自举电路bootstrapped emitter follower自举射级跟随器Boule 梨形人造宝石、议会、立法会议、众议院senate参议院parliament议会、国会Bound electron 束缚电子Binding(同义)lower bound下限upper bound上限Boundary边界(线)、晶界boundary condition边界条件grain boundary晶粒间界bounded有界限的、有限的Boron硼Boron-phosphorosilicate glass硼磷硅玻璃borosilicate glass 硼硅玻璃Bow(弯曲的) bending弯曲Borne out证实(bear out)Bracket括号、小磁导Bragg 布拉格distributed bragg reflector 分布布拉格反射层Bragg scattering布拉格散射Bragg curve布拉格曲线Bragg condition布拉格条件Branch分支、分歧branches conditional branch条件分支branch analysis支路法loop analysis回路法Brass=yellow coper=yellow metal黄铜red copper紫铜bronze青铜Bravais布拉韦brava好(向女性喝彩)bravado虚张声势、冒险Braze/brazing铜焊copper welding rod铜焊条TIG (tungsten-inert gas welding)钨极氩弧焊MIG(metal-inert gas welding)惰性气体保护焊Breadboard模拟板、实验板Breakdown 击穿breakdown field 击穿电场、崩溃电场breakthrough 突破break over转折channel breakdown沟道击穿breaker裂片、断路器break中断break point出像点、影像点break-out破出Brillouin布里渊brillouin zone布里渊区Brittle脆的ductile韧的、柔软的temperature embrittlement回火脆性Broadening增宽broadband microwave amplifiers宽频/宽带微波放大器broadcasting广播Broken line graph/line chart/line graph折线图curve曲线图Brow眉毛browbeat恫吓、吓唬brower浏览器Brownian布朗Bubble泡沫bubblers气泡器balloon气球bubble chart/graph气泡图Buckling压曲local buckling局部纵弯buckle带扣cord buckle线扣Budget预算energy budgets common常见的能源预算link budget链路预算Buffer缓冲器、备件double-buffered双缓冲spare parts=buffer备件Built-in 内建的build-in electric field 内建/固有电场build-in potential固有电位built-up组合的、相接的、合成的Bulb球泡灯Bulk 体、大量bulky体积庞大的bulk absorption 体吸收bulk generation 体产生bulk recombination 体复合bulk crystal growth单晶生长(技术) ZnO bulk crystal ZnO体晶bulk-like material类体材料Bureau局Burgers vector伯格斯矢量Burn - in 老化burn out 烧毁buried channel 埋沟buried diffusion region 隐埋扩散区bury隐藏、埋葬Burr金属、毛边deburr=coin压毛边Burst脉冲、猝发、爆发Bus总线deburring去毛头Bushing= sleeve 套管Button按键power button电源按键reset button重置键Buzzle蜂鸣器Butadiene丁二烯Buy-off认可C abinet机柜、箱体Cable电线、电缆cord软线Cache高速缓存Calcium钙calcium carbonate碳酸钙Calibrate 校准Maury calibrated莫里校准法Call out唤起、出动、大声叫唤Can 外壳Case 管壳Cathode阴极Capacitor 电容Center中心capacitively容性的production capacity生产力channel capacity信道容量Cancellation取消、删除echo cancellation回波对消Candidate候选人Candle烛泡灯Canonical权威的Cantilever悬臂cantilever beam 悬臂梁cantilever shear beam method悬臂剪切梁法cantilever-beam impact testing悬臂梁式冲击实验Capability特指组织、体系或过程的“能力”competence特指人员的“能力”capable能胜任的、有才华的、能干的Capital大写字体、大写字母、首都、省会、资本家capital economic资本经济Capping effect覆盖效应diode capped表面修饰的二极管Capstan绞盘Capture 俘获capture cross section俘获截面capture carrier 俘获载流子CAR(corrective action request/report)改正行动要求/报告Carat ^(估计的符号)Carbide碳化物carbonate碳酸盐calcium carbonate碳酸钙carbonization碳化carbon brush碳刷carbonized碳化Career card履历卡Carry bit 进位位carry-in bit进位输入carry-out bit进位输出Carrier 载流子、载波carrier concentration载流子浓度carrier confinement载波限制carrier concentration layer 载子集聚层background carrier本底载流子capture carrier 俘获载流子excess carrier过剩载流子carrier recombination载子复合single carrier单载波carrier gas载气excess error超调误差Carton纸箱carton box纸箱Case案件、案子case by case一个一个案子(不同的)Cascade级联cast短阵cascade connection串联parallel connection并联cascade resonance串联谐振Cassette盒式磁带Cast铸件die-cast压铸的die-casting压铸cast metal金属铸件cast malleable iron可锻铸铁blow molding吹塑injection molding/molding注塑stretching die/drawing die拉伸模keel龙骨bar/section/section bar/profile/sectional material型材extruded section/extrusion profile挤压型材stamping冲压stamping parts冲压件punch forming冲压成型punch冲压机diel/stamping die/pressure die冲压模具mold模具cold forging冷锻anodize阳极处理、阳极氧化painting/spray paint 喷漆electroplate电镀oxidation氧化shot blasting抛丸、喷丸sand blasting喷砂baking finish/stoving varnish烤漆mirage black/piano black/piano finish/piano bake钢琴烤漆metal drawing金属拉丝Catalysts催化剂Catastrophic灾难的Categorize分类Causality因果性CCD电耦合器件CCM连续模式Ceased中断、停止ceaseless不断的、不停的cease to停止、不再出现某种情况Cell单元、单人小室work cell工作间Cellular多孔的、细胞的、蜂窝式的cellular phone移动电话、便携式电话Cement粘接、粘牢、结合剂、水泥solvent cementing溶剂粘接(剂)、液状粘固(剂)Ceramic陶瓷(的)Certain确信的uncertainties不确定因素Certificate证书qualification certificate资格证certification证明、认证Chain链、链条、链条槽Chamfer =reverse angle倒角、去掉直角Changeover转变Channel沟道、信道channel breakdown沟道击穿channel current沟道电流Channel doping沟道掺杂Channeling effect 沟道效应channel shortening沟道缩短channel width沟道宽度induced channel感应沟道channel resistance沟道电阻Chaotic混沌(类)的chaotic time sequence混沌时间序列chaos混沌stochastic随机的Characteristic特性、特征characteristic impedance特征阻抗characterization tools特性描述工具quality characteristic 质量特性Charge电荷、充电charge-compensation effects 电荷补偿效应charge conservation 电荷守恒charge neutrality condition电中性条件charge drive/exchange/sharing/transfer/storage电荷驱动/交换/共享/转移/存储electrical charge电荷overcharge过充Chart file=figure file图档flow chart流程图Chassis底板、底架、底壳、基座Cheesecloth粗棉布cheesed厌烦的、厌腻的Chip芯片、凿、劈、碎屑物、碎片chip yield芯片成品率on-chip片上Chloride氯化物chlorine氯chloral三氯乙醛chlorite亚氯酸盐Chop断续、斩波chopper斩波器scrap chopper=under cut清角Chroma浓度(色彩)、色度(光)Chromatography色谱分析法chrome色度Chuck丢弃、轻击Circular圆形的Clamped钳位clamping diode钳位二极管air-circulating空气循环cir-choke空气扼流圈air-cleaning facility空气净化装置circuitry电路、电路系统、电路学、一环路Circumstance环境circumstantial evidence旁证Citation index引用索引Civil民事的civil case民事案件civil mediation民事调解civil litigation民事诉讼citizens band民用波段Cladding电镀、包层、披覆cladding overlapping熔覆metal-clad金属包层metal chip金属碎片metal cover金属封盖metal coating金属镀层Clamper钳位电路Clarify阐明elucidate阐明、说明、提出Classical经典的classifier分类器classification整理、分类、等级、分级Cleaned清洗的cleaning cloth抹布cleanness清扫clean room无尘室cleanliness清洁度Clearance空间距离creepage爬电距离Cleavage解理cleavage plane解理面Click点击、单击、滴答声、定位销Client客户Climate气候、环境条件acclimatization适应环境、气候适应acclimatization duration转换时间Clipping剪切clipper diode限幅二极管Clock时钟clock rate时钟频率clock generator 时钟发生器clock flip-flop时钟触发器clock/acknowledge时钟/应答Close密、闭close-packed structure密堆积结构close-loop gain闭环增益close up靠近Cluster簇、组、集合clustering聚类Clutter杂波Coable系数dbreach coable漂移系数scattering coable散射系数engel coable恩格尔系数Coalescence 结合、聚结coalesced合并coalescence fronts联合战线、联合锋面island coalescence岛聚结voids coalescence孔洞聚合Coarse粗糙的Coat覆盖…的表面uncoated未经涂覆的coating涂覆Coaxial同轴的coaxial cable同轴电缆COB(chip on board)晶片在板上直接组装COC(certificate of compliance)出货合格书Coherently连贯地coherence一致、连贯性coherency相干性coherent相干的coherency strain相干应变coherencyCoil线圈core磁芯、铁芯copper铜皮uncoiler开卷机、展卷机corner剪切机、冲压机SEAM焊接机ball磨光机、洗涤干燥机uncoiler and strainghtener整平机Cold-walled=cold wall 冷壁hot wall 热壁cold-cleanning agent冷洗涤剂Color center色心Coloration着色、染色mixed color杂色discoloration羿色Collaborative合作的、协作的Collapse塌落Collector集电极collective集体的、共同的collectively共同地、全体地Collision碰撞collide碰撞Imping碰撞collision integral碰撞积分collisionless无碰撞的=impactColloidal胶体的、胶状的、胶质的collagen-like region胶原样区Column柱状图histogram直方图、柱状图stacked column分层柱状图Commenced 开始Commercial商业的Commit犯错误Common共、常用的、常见的common-base/collector/emitter connection共基极/集电极/发射极连接common-gate/drain/source connection共栅/漏/源极连接common-mode gain/noise/input共模增益/噪音/输入common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)共模抑制比Communication通讯spread spectrum communications扩频通信Community群体Commutative交换的commutator转接器Companding=compress压缩、压缩扩展Compartment隔间、格、舱、室wiring compartment接线盒、配线空间wiring compartment securement test布线稳定性测试Compatibility兼容性compatible兼容的compliant兼容的complain抱怨complaint抱怨、投诉、诉状Compensated补偿compensated OP-AMP补偿运放Compensation补偿compensated impurities补偿杂质compensated semiconductor补偿半导体compatible format兼容格式upward compatible向上兼容的Compiler编译器percompile预编译compile编译Competence特指人员的“能力”capability特指组织、体系或过程的“能力”Competitive with与…不相上下Complementary互补complementary error function/error function complement 余误差函数complementary Darlington circuit互补达林顿电路complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (CMOS) 互补金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管Compliment恭维、称赞、问候、道贺、祝贺Composite合成的Competing竞争competing product产品竞争、竞争性产品Complex 复杂的complex multiplication复乘complex exponential复指数Compound化合物、胶compound semiconductor化合物半导体potting compound灌封胶Composition 组成compositional组成的、创作的compositionally成份、组份、合成、合成物compositionally modulated film成份调制膜composite tape layer复合带层conposite insulating layer复合保温层conposite layer复合层axial composition fluctuation轴向成份波动Comprehensive综合的、广泛的、有理解力的Compression压缩compression strength抗压强度compression point压缩点compression yield point压缩屈服点Comprise/comprising包含、由…组成Computational计算的Concave凹的、凹面的Concealed隐蔽的、隐匿的concealed space隐藏空间concealed sprinkler隐藏式洒水喷头Concentration 浓度concentrators集线器、聚光器Concentric同轴的concentrically同轴地concentrically-wound同轴卷绕Concession让步scrap报废release放行regrade降级repair返修rework返工deviation permit偏离许可Concomitantly 附随地Condensation冷凝Conditioning调节、整修、训练、以…为条件conditioned有条件的、受制约的、习惯于…的、以…为条件、使适应conditioning time约束时间Conducted传导conduction/conductor导体conductance 电导conductivity电导率be conducted 执行conduction band (edge) 导带(底) conduction level/state导带态Valence band 价带conductive传导non-conductive非传导的conductor 导体Conduit护线管、导线槽、导线管、走线管道conduit connection导管连接metallic conduit金属导管bush connection 套管连接conduit fitting导线管接头、导管配件field-wiring connection现场连接conduit bushing导管套conduit openings 导管开口Cones锥形体cone角锥conical锥形conic圆锥的cone chart圆锥图Confer授予、给予confers to= granted赋予了、带来Conference会议video conferencing电视会议、视频会议conference call电话会议Confect混合、调制Configuration配置configuration file配置文件Confine 限制confinement限制confining受限的de-confined退禁闭carrier confinement载波限制refinement细化Confirm确认metrological confirmation计量确认Conflict冲突Conform to符合、遵照、适应环境Conformal共形的、正形的conformal coating贴护层、保形涂层Conformity合格(符合)、吻合性nonconformity不合格(不符合)Conjugated共轭的、成对的conjunction with与…结合Conpled configuration devices结构组态Consequential间接的incidental附带的、偶然的Conservation守恒、清洁charge conservation 电荷守恒conserve保存conserved保守的nonconservative非守恒的Consistent一致的self-consistency自洽性self-consistent field自洽场inconsistent不协调的、不一致的consistency结合、相容、一致Consolidate巩固、联合、使固定consolidate mechanical/electrical construction联合机械/电子结构Constituent成分Consumption消耗power consumption功耗Constant常数、常量constant energy surface等能面constant-source diffusion恒定源扩散variable变量Constantan wire康铜丝(镍铜合金,用于制作热电偶和热电阻)Constituent成分、组分、结构成分chemical constituent化学成分Constructive建设性的、相干的destructive破坏性的、相消的constructively or destructively相干干涉或相消干涉nondestructive testing无损检测Contact接触complex back contact复合背接触back contaction后部触点contact hole 接触孔Contain包含container容器、集装箱alcohol container沾湿台Contamination治污antifouling防污Contention争论、争辩、论点、争用Context内容、上下文Contingency可能性Continuity equation连续性方程continuity condition连续性条件continuum连续介质continual improvement持续改进Contour电路、轮廓、概要contour integral围线积分false contour伪轮廓Contract收缩、感染、合同、使缩短contractor合约商、承包人to bring a contract into effect使合同生效renewal of contact 合同的续订cancellation of contract=cancel the contract撤销合同breach of contract违反合同break the contract毁约tear up the contract撕毁合同annual the contract废除合同terminate the contract解除合同alter the contract修改合同abide by the contract遵守合同wages工资dispute争议obligation义务terms and conditions条款和条件guarantee担保employment/engagement雇佣interpretation 解释expiration期限Contrary相反的Contrast对比、对比度contrast ratio对比度Contribute to有助于Controlled受控的、受管制的Controversy争论、辩论Conventional常见的、传统的Convergent收敛的convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED)会聚束电子衍射converging合并、会聚convergent、converged收敛的divergent发散的Convolution卷积cyclic convolution循环卷积linear convolution线性卷积circular convolution圆周卷积Convey传输conveyer传输器、流水线物料板converter转换器conveyer belt传送带Coolant冷却液、制冷剂coolant additive制冷剂添加剂cooler冷却器cooling冷却Coordination坐标coordinate坐标Copper铜、铜皮、铜片copper interconnection system 铜互连系统copper plating bath镀铜溶液Core核心的、关键的、磁芯、铁芯copper铜皮coil线圈Cord软线cable线材、线缆power cord电源线Correction校准、纠正highly correctable高度可校正的correction纠正(用以消除不合格)proventive action预防措施(用以消除不合格的原因)Correlation关联、相关temporal correlation时间关联spatio-temporal correlation时空关联Correspondingly相应地Corroborate证实、使坚固correlation function相关函数cross-correlation互相关Corrosion腐蚀Corundum刚玉(蓝宝石)=sapphireCorrupte掺杂Cosine余弦sinusoid正弦triangle三角pulse脉冲square方形Cosmetic inspect外观检查Cost成本Coulomb库仑Coulomb nature库仑性质Counter-intuitive反直观、与直观相反counteract抵消、中和、阻碍Countermeasure对抗Countersink埋头孔、盲孔through hole通孔bilind hole/blind via盲孔via过孔Courtesy好意、礼貌courtesy lamp踏步灯、门控灯、礼仪灯、车室照明灯by courtesy出于好意、习惯上Coupling耦合Covalent 共价的Coverage覆盖CP(capability index)能力指数CPK(capability index of process)(模具)制程能力参数Crack arrests 止裂tube crack管式炉裂解(技术)cracking裂化、裂纹Crash碰撞head crashes磁头碰撞Crayon蜡笔crayon chart/plot蜡笔图Crazing白斑Creep爬行creepage爬电距离clearance空间距离Criminal刑事的、犯罪Crimped起皱褶的、有波纹的crimped and plug connections压接连接和插接连接Criterion/criteria标准、准则、规范objective criterion客观准则CR(critical)临界的、关键的、极严重的critical shear stress临界切应力critical feature关键特征MAJ(major)主要的MIN(minior)轻微的Crossover 夸交crossunder穿交cross-term diffusion coefficient交叉期扩散系数cross-reference交叉引用Cross-section 截面、横截面standard stopping cross-section标准阻止截面capture cross section俘获截面Crosstalk串话、杂讯、串讯Crucial重要的、决定性的crucially重要地Crucible坩埚rude粗鲁Crudely estimated粗略估计cruel残酷的、无情的rude粗鲁的Crusher破碎机、粉碎机Cryptography密码学Crystal-field晶场Crystallographic 结晶的Crystal-field effect晶场效应Crystal-field splitting parameter光学化学序列Crystal-field-caused color晶体场致色crystal defect/face/orientation/lattice晶体缺陷/晶面/晶向/晶格Crystalline晶制的micro crystalline微晶crystallinity结晶度、结晶性absolute crystallinity绝对结晶性crystalline quality 结晶品质Cubic立方的、立方体的Culmination顶点Culture文化、教养Cumulant累积(量/数) accumulation积累cumulatively累积地、渐增地Current density电流密度current drift/drive/sharing电流漂移/驱动/共享current sense电流取样dark current暗电流current-gate电流-栅Cursor光标、指针mouse cursor鼠标cursory粗略的Curvature曲率、弯曲Cushion垫子、缓冲Custom定制、海关custom integrated circuit定制集成电路customer satisfaction顾客满意custom clearance/clearance of goods报关customary习惯性的Cutedges =side cut=side scrap切边Cutting 切削under cutting 钻蚀cut off截止、关断cut through刺穿、抄近路走过undercutting钻蚀undercut profile 钻蚀断面图linear cutting线切割Cyclohexane乙烷Cylindrical柱面的cylinder圆筒、汽缸、柱面、圆柱状物、油缸cylindrical plot/chart圆柱图Czochralshicrystal直立单晶czochralski technique 切克劳斯基技术(Cz法直拉晶体J) czochralski (切克劳斯基)牵引生长法D angled悬挂着的dangling bonds悬挂键Damaging有破坏性的Damp潮湿wet湿润dry干燥damping阻尼、衰减DAP(do all possible)尽一切可能Dashed line虚线、短划线Database数据库Datum基准点Daughtercard子卡daughterboard子板motherboard母板Dbreach coable漂移系数DCM断续模式Dead time空载时间、死区时间Debonding剥离Debye temperature 德拜温度Debye length德拜长度De.broglie德布洛意Debug调试debugger调试器Decay衰退、衰减Decderate减速deceleration减速Decibel (dB) 分贝Decimeter radiation次米波辐射decimal小数的、十进位的decimation抽选Decision element判定元件Decline下降、衰退Decode译码decoder解码器encoder编码器Decomposition分解thermal decomposition热分解Decompression解压缩Decreasing减少nondecreasing非减的Decrement消耗Decrypt/decryption解密encrypt/encryption加密Dedicated专门的、专注的、奉献的Deduced from 从…求出Defect 缺陷stress-induced defect 应力感生缺陷defect-trapping layer缺陷俘获层defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良defective product label不良标签excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷defective products=not up-to-gradeproducts不良品Defendant=the accused被告plaintiff原告Defer延期、服从Deficiency不足deficient purchase来料不良deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良Deform使变形、使畸变deformation变形shear deformation effect剪切变形对薄膜屈曲的影响Degate打浇口Degauss消磁erase擦除、消磁Degenerate简并、退化degeneracy简并度degenerate semiconductor简并半导体degenerate electron gas简并电子气Degradation退化thermal degradation热降解Degreasing除油、脱脂=Oil removing =unoilDegree度degree Celsius (centigrade)/Kelvin 摄氏/开氏温度degree of order有序程度Dehydration脱水hydrophobicity疏水性Delaminated分层、脱层had delaminated off剥落下来delamination rate剥离率delamination resistance抗脱层性bond delamination粘结分层测量delamination supply分层供给speck瑕疵、污点、小颗粒short射料不足shine亮斑splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞Deliberate故意的、深思熟虑的Delineated/delineating描述Delivery交付、递送、供货future delivery期货delivery deadline交货期Delta rule准则Demand需求Demonstrated介绍了、证明了、展示了、示范了Denote指示、表示Densification致密化、封严Density 密度、浓度density of states态密度Dent压痕Department (dept)部门personnel resource department人力资源部production department生产部planning department企划部section科accounting department会计部financial department财会部distribution department分发单位reponsible department负责单位Dependability可信性Dependent依赖time-dependent时间依赖、时间敏感Depict/depicted描述Depletion耗尽depletion effect耗尽效应depletion depth/layer/effect/MOS/region 耗尽深度/层/效应/MOS/区depletion of valence价耗尽Deployment部署Deposit 淀积、形成Deposition 沉积物Deposited 形成、存放、堆积deposited film淀积薄膜deposition process淀积工艺pulsed laser deposition激光脉冲沉积法Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) 有机金属化学气相淀积plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition等离子增强化学气相沉积Derived推导、由…而来derivation引出、推导derivational得来的、诱导的derivative衍生物、导数、微分derivative feedback微分反馈time derivative时间导数Descent下降steepest descent最陡下降法Describe/description描述description品名P/N(part number)品号、料号L/N(lot number)特采Design设计design and development设计和开发designated指定的、特指的Desorption flux去吸附通量Destructively相消干涉constructively or destructively相干干涉或相消干涉nondestructive testing无损检测Deterioration变坏、劣化、退化Determination决心、果断deterministic确定性的Detected检测到的detectable可检测的Development开发、显影projection投影design and development设计和开发development tool开发工具developer显像液Deviation偏差、背离frequency deviation noise=straggle频率漂移噪声concession让步scrap报废release放行regrade 降级repair返修rework返工deviation permit偏离许可DFM(dirty foreign materials)异物、杂质Diagnose诊断diagnostic诊断的Diagonal对角的diagonal matrix对角阵Dialog对话框dialogue对话Diamant=diamond knif金刚刀Die 管芯、芯片die-cast压铸的compound die合模die block模块spare die模具备品male die公模female die母模plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模gang dies复合模extrusion die挤出模Dielectric介电的、介质dielectric isolation介质隔离dielectric constant介质常数、介电常数Diesel fuel柴油Different区别difference-mode input差模输入differential amplifier差分放大器differential capacitance微分电容difference frequency差频differentiable可微的differentiator微分器adder加法器divider除法器counter计数器subtracter 减法器integrator积分器tirgger触发器timer定时器latch锁存器multiplexer数据选择器follower跟随器detector检波器encoder编码器decoder解码器Diffraction衍射reflectance 反射refraction 折射symmetric diffraction 对称衍射asymmetric diffraction 非对称衍射convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED)会聚束电子衍射diffraction disks衍射光斑Diffusion 扩散(层) diffusion Coefficient 扩散系数、扩散率diffused junction扩散结diffusion constant扩散常数diffusivity扩散率diffusion capacitance/barrier/current/furnace扩散电容/势垒/电流/炉double-diffusive MOS (DMOS)双扩散MOS diffuse nuclei扩散核Self diffusion 自扩散diffusional flow扩散流动Triple diffusion 三重扩散Buried diffusion region 隐埋扩散区constant-source diffusion恒定源扩散diffusive普及的、散布的、冗长的diffusive approximation扩散近似Diluent 稀释剂dilute 稀释的diluent gas稀释气。
USB Type-C 规范1.2(中文版)
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石油英语词汇P1解析
石油英语词汇(P1)P and A 封堵废弃P and I 承担保赔责任的承保人P and S 封堵搁置P band P频带p curve 压力曲线P 泊P 部分P 插头p 抽汲P 二叠纪P 菲P 功率P 螺距P 每P 模型P 拍它P 偏振P 品脱P 弱P 微微P 压力P 原型P 正的P&A 堵井P&L 利润及亏损p-aminobenzoic acid 对氨基苯酸p-dichlorobenzene 对二氯苯p-dihydroxy-benzene 对苯二酚p-hydroxybenzoic acid P-羟基苯甲酸p-i-n diode 正-本-负二极管p-m erasing head 永磁消磁头p-methylstyrene 对甲基苯乙烯p-n junction rectifier p-n结整流器p-n junction silicon diode p-n结硅二极管p-n junction p-n结p-n-p diffused-junction transistor p-n-p 扩散结晶体管p-n-p-n transistor p-n-p-n 晶体管p-oxybenzoyl copolyester fibre 对氧基苯甲酰共聚聚酯纤维p-p junction p-p 结P-PH-M 脉冲相位调制p-phenylene diamine 对苯二胺p-region p 区P-S converted reflections 纵-横转换波反射P-shooter 落锤震源p-slowness graph P慢度图p-t-butyl phenol 对叔丁基苯酚p-tau mapping p-τ映射p-tert-amyl phenol 对叔戊基酚p-tert-butyl benzoic acid 对叔丁基苯甲酸p-to-p 从最大值到最小值p-toluenesulfonic acid 对甲苯磺酸p-type conduction 正电导性p-type semiconductor P型半导体P-V-T relationship 压力-体积-温度关系P-wave interval velocity 纵波层速度P-wave P 波P-xylene 对二甲苯P. 页p.a. 每年P.A. 特别海损P.A.D. 国防石油管理局P.A.F.M. 质点和力计算法P.B. 回堵p.c. 百分率p.c. 百分数P.C. 零用现金p.c. 原价P.C.E. 测温锥等值p.d. 动力传动的p.d. 棱镜屈光度p.d. 皮带轮传动p.d. 中径;节径p.d.i. 交付前检查P.D.S. 石油数据系统P.ds. 位差P.E. 参数估计P.E. 动力设备P.E. 光电的P.e.c. 印刷电路P.F. 功率因数P.h. 泵房P.L. 合用线;同线电话P.L.E.M. 管端汇管p.m. 每月p.m. 下午p.m.entry 备忘录p.m.h. 每人每小时的产量P.O. 电动的;机动的P.O. 功率振荡器P.O.C. 停靠港P.O.D. 货到付款P.O.R 可在收到后付款P.O.R 收到回信后即付款P.P. 分压P.P. 拉出的管子P.P. 人身防护P.P. 推挽的P.P. 邮包;包裹邮务处P.P. 最大功率P.P.I 平面位置显示器p.p.m. 件分p.p.m. 纬分p.s. 每秒钟p.st. 泵站P.U. 动力装置p.u. 孔隙度单位P.V. 票面价值P.V. 塑性粘度P.V.T.test 压力-体积-温度试验P.W. 毛重P.W. 每周P.W. 胨水P3D 拟三维的PA tube 聚丙烯管PA key 程序注意键PA 参量放大器PA 初步验收PA 功率放大器PA 过程自动化PA 聚酰胺PA 扩音装置pa 论文PA 满眼钻具组合Pa 帕PA 授权书PA 往来帐户PA 微微安PA 选择吸附PA 压力角PA 压力警报器PAA 光子活化分析paar 地裂坳陷PAB 阿特拉斯专用总线PABX 专用自动小交换机PAC HV 高粘度聚阴离子纤维素PAC 聚阴离子纤维素衍生物pacch bolt 修补螺栓pace method 步测法pace 步;步宽;进度;步测;步态;随机控制;并行前进paceaged boiler 快装锅炉pachimeter 测重机pachoidal structure 皱扁豆构造pachometer 测厚计pachymeter =pachometerPachypora 厚孔珊瑚属Pacific belt 环太平洋带Pacific equatorial undercurrent 太平洋赤道潜流Pacific island arc 太平洋岛弧Pacific mid-ocean ridge 太平洋中脊Pacific orogen 太平洋造山带Pacific protocontinent 太平洋古陆Pacific suite 太平洋岩群Pacific-oceanic plate 太平洋板块Pacific-petal drift 太平洋瓣状漂移Pacific-type continental margin 太平洋型大陆边缘Pacific-type geosyncline 太平洋型地槽Pacific-type orogeny 太平洋式造山运动pacing items 基本条件pack assembly 喷丝头组件pack carburizing 固体渗碳pack completeness 充填率pack confinement 充填层位封隔pack continuity 充填连续性pack densification 充填密实度pack density 充填密度pack effectiveness 充填效率pack grain 充填颗粒pack gravel 充填砾石pack hardening 装箱渗碳硬化pack height 充填高度pack ice barrier 浮冰防护提pack ice 大块浮冰pack life 纺丝头组合件使用周期pack of equal sphere 等球粒人造岩心pack period 充填周期pack permeability 充填体渗透率pack porosity 充填体孔隙度pack portion 充填部分pack rate 充填泵量pack sand contamination 充填砂污染pack sand filter 充填砂过滤层pack settling 充填物沉降pack slumping 充填物坍塌pack stability 砾石充填稳定性pack uniformity 充填均匀性pack void 充填体中的空穴pack washing 充填层冲洗pack 包装;堵塞pack-off adapter 密封接头pack-off bushing 封隔衬套pack-off element 封隔元件pack-off sealing area 封隔密封区pack-thread 包装线pack-to-formation median grain size ratio 充填物与地层砂粒度中值比package bid 一揽子投标package deal 成套交易;一揽子交易package deal 整套工程package installation 成组安装package investment 一揽子投资package of equipment 成套设备package of service 成套服务package plant 包装厂package price 成套价格;一揽子价格package program 组装程序package 程序组packaged compressor plant 组装式压缩机站packaged equipment 整装设备packaged explosive 成型炸药packaged production 小批生产packaged rig 块装式钻机packaged waterflood installation 组装式注水装置packaged waterflood plant 组装式注水站packaged well servicing system 组装式修井设备packaged 成组的packaging adhesive 包装胶粘剂packaging density 封装密度packaging machine 包装机packaging material 包装材料packaging standard 包装标准packaging unit 包装工厂或设备packaging 包装packed assembly 满眼井下钻具组合packed bed 人造油层packed biomicrite 密集生物微晶灰岩packed bottom-hole assembly 满眼底部钻具组合packed capillary column 填充毛细管柱packed column 人造岩心;填充塔;充填柱packed decimal string 压缩十进数串packed decimal 压缩十进制packed density 填充密度packed fracture 填砂裂缝packed height 填充高度packed hole assembly 满眼钻具组合packed hole BHA 满眼底部钻具组合packed hole drilling 满眼钻进packed hole technique 满眼法技术packed hole 满眼packed intramicrite 密集内碎屑微晶灰岩packed layer 填充层packed tower 填料塔packed tunnel 充填的炮眼packed 包装的;填密的packed-gland joint 填料函式连接packed-off interval 被封隔的井段packer adapter 封隔器接头packer body 封隔器主体packer cup 封隔器皮碗packer deflection 封隔器变形packer device 封隔器装置packer element 封隔器密封元件packer flapper valve 封隔器活瓣阀packer flowmeter 集流式流量计packer fluid 封隔器以上的液体packer inflation 封隔器膨胀packer location 封隔器位置packer mill 封隔器铣刀packer pressure test 封隔器压力试验packer retriever spear 封隔器收回打捞矛packer ring 密封橡胶环packer rubber grap 胶皮碗定位卡packer rubber 封隔器胶皮筒packer setting ball 封隔器坐封球packer setting control line 封隔器坐封液压控制管packer setting depth 封隔器坐封深度packer setting tool 封隔器坐封工具packer setting travel 封隔器坐封距packer setting 封隔器坐封packer slip 封隔器卡瓦packer squeeze method 封隔器挤注法packer thread 封隔器螺纹packer 封隔器;包装机packer-crossover assembly 封隔器与转换工具总成packer-whipstock 封隔器-导斜器packerless completion 无封隔器的完井packerless single selective gravelpacked completion 无封隔器的单层选择性砾石充填完井packerless single-selective scheme 无封隔器的单层选择性完井方案packet assembler 包装配程序packet assembly 包装配packet compass 袖珍罗盘packet disassembler 包解装程序packet 束packing action 充填作用packing assembly 密封装置packing bolt 填密螺栓packing box flange 填料函法兰packing box 盘根盒packing characteristics 充填特性packing charge 包装费packing chest 包装箱packing chromatography 填充色谱packing clamp 封严箍packing coefficient 堆砌系数packing container 包装箱packing cord 填料绳packing density 填实密度packing drawer 填料扒钩packing efficiency 充填效率packing element extrusion 密封元件挤胀packing element 密封元件packing expansion ring 填料膨胀圈packing fluid 充填液packing gland nut 盘根压盖帽packing gland 盘根压盖packing groove 填料槽packing hole tool 贴壁防斜工具packing index 填集指数packing job 充填作业packing kit 盘根盒packing list 包装清单packing lubrication 填充润滑packing material 填料packing means 充填工具packing method 包装法packing nut 填密螺母packing off 封严packing operation 充填作业packing plate 包装板packing proximity 填集趋近度packing ring 填密圈packing rubber 橡皮垫圈packing set 盘根packing stage 充填阶段packing structure 堆砌结构packing surface 密封面积packing technique 充填技术;密封技术packing tool 充填工具packing unit 密封胶芯packing washer 密封垫圈packing water seal 水封packing 填料packing-plugging fine 堵塞充填体的细砂packless seal 无填料密封packless valve 无填料阀packless 无填料的packoff nipple 密封短节packoff preventers 封隔防护设备packoff shoe 封隔套管鞋packoff 密封装置packperf completion system 注水膨胀式封隔器与射孔完井系统packsand 松散钙质细粒砂岩packstone 粒灰岩PACLV 低粘度聚阴离子纤维素pact 合同PACT 生产分析控制技术pad bearing 填料轴承pad contact 极板贴井壁pad eye 系缆环板pad fluid 前置液;缓冲液pad lubrication 填料润滑pad resistivity device 极板电阻率装置pad system 极板系统pad volume 填满体积;前置液体积pad 垫pad-to-pad feature correlation 极板对极板的特征对比pad-to-pad interval correlation 极板对极板的间隔对比pad-type tool 极板型下井仪Padangia 巴东虫属PADAR 无源探测定位装置padder 微调电容器padding capacitor 垫整电容器padding machine 管路填土机padding 填塞paddle agitator 浆式搅拌器paddle beam 明轮梁paddle box 明轮罩paddle mixer 桨叶式拌合机paddle reaction chamber 叶片式反应池paddle reaming bit 翼状扩孔钻头paddle shaft 明轮轴paddle steamer 明轮船paddle stirrer 桨式搅拌器paddle tank 叶片混合罐paddle wheel 搅拌叶轮paddle 明轮翼;桨身paddle-type mixer 叶片状搅拌机paddy bit 伸缩式钻头paddy 刀翼受压张开的钻头PADLOC 干扰台无源探测和定位PADLOC 无源-有源探测定位padlock 挂锁paehoehoe lava 绳状熔岩paenaccordance 假整合page addressing 页面寻址page back 后退一页page boundary 页面边界page fault frequency 页面出错频率page fault rate 页面出错率page fault 页面出错page frame 页框page on 前进一页page printer 页式打印机page size 页面大小page stone 书页岩page table entry 页面项page turning 页转换page 页;记录;专栏;标页码;呼唤paged memory management 页面存储器管理pageos 被动式大地测量卫星pager 呼唤器paging rate 页传输率paging 划分页面pagodastone 宝塔石灰岩PAH 核芳烃PAH 环芳烃paha 浑圆冰碛低丘pahoehoe basalt 绳状玄武岩pahoehoe lava 绳状熔岩pahoehoe 绳状熔岩paid in capital 实收资本paid 付讫paid-up 还清pail 桶;一桶的量pailful 满桶的paint base 底漆paint brush 漆刷paint chipping 油漆碎片paint film thickness test 漆膜厚度测定法paint remover 除漆剂paint rock 铁质粘土paint roller 油漆辊子paint thixotropy 涂料触变性paint 颜料;油漆;涂料;雷达显示器上显形;画painted tailpipe 涂漆尾管painter 系索;油漆工具painting spray 喷漆painting 涂刷pair annihilation 对湮没pair creation 电子对的形成pair of immiscible fluid 非混流体对pair of laminae 明暗层偶pair of stations 台对pair of stereoscopic pictures 立体象对pair production absorption 产生电子对的吸收pair production cross-section 对产生截面pair production 电子对的产生;质点的成对产生pair 对pair-generation cross-section 对生成截面paired basin framework 双盆地格局paired belts 双变质带paired cable 双股电缆paired facies belts 双相带paired faults 对偶断层paired metamorphic belts 双变质带paired photograph 成对相片pairing comparision 对比法pairing energy 配对能pairing twist factor 对偶捻系数pairing twist 对偶捻度pairing 配对;电缆心的对绞;行偏对偶现象;隔行帧配置;叠行现象paisanite 钠闪微岗岩PAL 可编程阵列逻辑pal 帕耳PAL 套管分析测井Pal-Amerika 古美洲大陆Pal-Asia 古亚洲大陆Pal. 古生物学Palaearaea 孔壁星珊瑚属Palaearctic 古北极的palaeides 古褶皱带palaeo-groundwater 古地下水palaeo-ocean 古大洋palaeo-oceanographical reconstruction 古海洋再造palaeo-orientation 古方位palaeo-subduction zone 古俯冲带Palaeoacris 古虾属palaeoagrostology 古草本学palaeoaktology 古滨海浅水环境学palaeoalgology 古藻类学palaeoanthropology 古人类学palaeoaquifer 古含水层palaeoareal map 古地理图palaeoareal 古区域的;古区域分布palaeoaulacogen 古拗拉槽Palaeoautecology 门类古生态学palaeoautochthon 古原地岩体palaeoazimuth 古方位palaeobasement 古基底palaeobasin 古盆地palaeobathymetric analysis 古水深分析palaeobathymetric map 古等深线图palaeobiochemical 古生物化学的palaeobiocoenosis 古生物群落palaeobiogeographic map 古生物地理图palaeobiogeographic province 古生物地理区palaeobiogeography 古生物地理学palaeobiotope 古生物境Palaeobolus 古圆货贝属palaeobotanic province 古植物区palaeobotany 古植物学palaeoburial depth 古埋藏深度palaeocalcite 文石Palaeocathaysian 古华夏式Palaeocene epoch 古新世Palaeocene series 古新统Palaeocene 古新世palaeochannel 古河道Palaeochara 古轮藻属Palaeochronology 古年代学palaeoclimate 古气候palaeoclimatic reconstruction 古气候再造palaeoclimatic sequence 古气候序列palaeoclimatic 古气候的palaeoclimatologic map 古气候图palaeoclimatology 古气候学palaeoclosure 古圈闭构造palaeocoenosis 古生物群落palaeocommunity 古群落Palaeoconiferus 古松柏粉属palaeocontinental map 古大陆图palaeocurrent analysis 古水流分析palaeocurrent indicator 古水流标志palaeocurrent 古水流palaeodelta 古三角洲palaeodepth 古深度palaeodrainage pattern 古水系palaeoecologic map 古生态图palaeoecologic zonation 古生态分带palaeoecologic =palaeoecological 古生态的palaeoecology 古生态学palaeoenvironment 古环境palaeoenvironmental reconstruction 古环境再造palaeoenvironmental setting 古环境palaeoenvironmental 古环境的palaeoequator 古赤道palaeofauna 古动物区系palaeofluminology 古河系学Palaeofusulina 古纺锤属Palaeogene period 早第三纪Palaeogene system 下第三系Palaeogene 早第三纪palaeogeographic event 古地理事件palaeogeographic interpretation 古地理解释palaeogeographic map 古地理图palaeogeographic model 古地理模型palaeogeographic province 古地理区palaeogeographic reconstruction 古地理再造palaeogeographic stage 古地理期palaeogeographic =palaeogeographical古地理的palaeogeography 古地理学palaeogeologic map 古地质图palaeogeology 古地质学palaeogeomorphic map 古地貌图palaeogeomorphic trap 古地貌圈闭palaeogeomorphic 古地貌的palaeogeomorphologic =palaeogeomorphological 古地貌的palaeogeomorphology 古地貌palaeogeothermal 古地温palaeohigh 古隆起palaeohydrodynamic condition 古水动力条件palaeohydrology 古水文学palaeoichnology 古遗迹化石学palaeoisotherm 古等温线palaeokarst 古岩溶palaeolatitude 古纬度palaeolatitudinal consideration 古纬度条件palaeolatitudinal 古纬度的palaeoliparite 古流纹岩palaeolithologic map 古岩性图palaeolithologic 古岩性的palaeolongitude 古经度Palaeolucina 古满月蛤属palaeomagnetic dating 古地磁年龄测定palaeomagnetic field intensity 古地磁强度palaeomagnetic field 古地磁场palaeomagnetic polar wander 古地磁极移palaeomagnetic stratigraphy 古地磁地层学palaeomagnetic time scale 古地磁年代表palaeomagnetism 古地磁;古磁性Palaeomastodon 古乳齿象属palaeomeridian 古子午线palaeometamorphism 早期变质Palaeomicrocystis 古微孢藻属palaeomorphism 早期变质作用palaeomorphology 古形态学palaeomycology 古真菌学palaeon 古生物学palaeontologic clock 古生物钟palaeontologic correlation 古生物对比palaeontologic dating 古生物学断代palaeontologic facies 古生物相palaeontologic marker 古生物标志palaeontologic =palaeontological 古生物的palaeontologist 古生物学家palaeontology 古生物学palaeoolimatologic 古气候学上的palaeopalynology 古孢粉学palaeopathology 古病理学palaeophotobiology 古光生物学palaeophysiography 古地貌学;古地理学palaeophyte 古植代palaeophytic 古植物地质时期的palaeophyticum 古生代植物palaeophytogeography 古植物地理学palaeophytology 古植物学palaeopole 古地磁极palaeoprofile 古剖面Palaeoproterozois 始元古代Palaeoprotozoic 古原生代palaeosalinity 古咸度palaeosection 古剖面palaeosedimentary environment 古沉积环境palaeosere 古生态演替进程palaeoshoreline 古滨线palaeoslab 古板块palaeoslope 古斜坡palaeosoides 古生代褶皱带palaeosol 古土壤palaeosole 古基底palaeospecies 古物种palaeostrain analysis 古应变分析palaeostream 古河道palaeostress field 古应力场palaeostructure map 古构造图palaeostructure 古构造palaeosynchorology 古群落分布学palaeosynecology 古群落生态学Palaeosyops 古雷兽属palaeotectonic map 古构造图palaeotectonic model 古构造模型palaeotectonic stress field 古构造应力场palaeotectonic system 古构造体系palaeotectonic 古构造的palaeotectonics 古构造palaeotemperature scale 地质温标palaeotemperature 古温度palaeothanatocoenosis 化石埋藏群palaeothermal 古温暖气候的palaeothermometry 古温度测定palaeotidal range 古潮汐差palaeotide 古潮汐palaeotopographic map 古地形图palaeotopographic trap 古地形圈闭palaeotopographic =palaeotopographical 古地形的palaeotopography 古地形palaeotropic 古热带的palaeotropical disjunction 古热带间断分布palaeotropical realm 古热带区palaeotropical region 古热带区palaeotypal rock 古相岩palaeotypal 古相的palaeowind direction 古风向palaeowind 古风向Palaeozoic era 古生代Palaeozoic fold belt 古生代褶皱带Palaeozoic group 古生界Palaeozoic relief 古生代地形起伏Palaeozoic source rock 古生代生油岩Palaeozoic 古生代palaeozoogeographic province 古动物地理区palaeozoogeography 古动物地理学palaeozoology 古动物学palagonite mud 玄玻质软泥palagonite tuff 玄玻凝灰岩palagonite 橙玄玻璃Palatinian orogeny 帕拉蒂尼造山运动palatinite 方辉玄质岩palau alloy 钯金合金palau 钯金合金pale oil 浅色润滑油pale 苍白的;浅的;暗淡的;变苍白;失色;尖板条;栅栏paleo information 化石资料paleo- 古paleo-data 古资料paleo-seismic section 古地震剖面paleo-streams 古河道Paleoalgology 古藻类学paleoareal map 古地理图paleobathymetry 古水深测量paleobiochemical 古生物化学的paleobiochemistry 古生物化学paleobiology 古生物学paleobiopetrography 化石岩石学paleobotany 古植物学Paleocene epoch 古新世paleochannel 古河道paleoclimate 古气候paleoclimatology 古气候学paleocurrent direction 古水流方向paleocurrent 古河道paleoenvironment 古环境paleofield 古磁场paleofluid migration 古流体运移作用paleofold amplitude 古褶皱辐度paleofold 古褶皱Paleogene period 早第三纪Paleogene system 下第三系Paleogene 早第三纪;下第三系paleogeographic limit 古地理界限paleogeographic pattern 古地理型式paleogeomorphic trap 古地形圈闭paleogeomorphogloic map 古地貌图paleogeophysics 古地球物理paleogeothermal gradient 古地温梯度Paleohelcura 古拖拉迹paleohydrogeological reconstruction 古水文地质再造paleohydrogeology 古水文地质学paleointensity 古强度paleolimnology 古湖沼学paleomagnetic belt 古地磁条带paleomagnetic chronological scale 古地磁年代表paleomagnetic 古地磁的paleomagnetism 古磁力学paleometamorphism 早期变质作用paleontologic evidence 古生物标志paleontologic zonation 古生物带paleontological correlation 古生物对比Paleontological Research Institution 古生物研究学会paleontological) 古生物学的paleontology 古生物学paleontology) 古生物学paleopalynology 古孢粉学paleophycology 古藻学paleophytic 裸植代paleoplain 古平原paleopore pressure 古孔隙压力paleopressure 古压力paleoprotitilogy 古原生生物学paleosalinity 古盐度paleoshoreline 古岸线paleoslope 古斜坡paleostructural closure 古构造闭合度paleostructural growth 古构造增长paleostructural map 古构造图paleotemperature value 古温度值Paleotethys 古特提斯海paleotilt 古倾斜paleotopography 古地形学paleotrap 古圈闭paleovalley 古谷Paleozoic erathom 古生界paleozoology 古动物学palevent 古地理事件pali palus的复数Palibiniopteris 帕利宾蕨属palichnology 古遗迹化石学Palid 巴里特合金paligorskitization 坡缕石化palilate 乳头状palimpsest sediment 变余沉积物palimpsest structure 变余构造palimpsest 变余构造;水系叠加palingenesis 再生作用palingenetic 再生的palinspastic map 复原图palinspastic reconstruction 古构造古地理再造palinspastic section 古地理-古构造再造剖面Palisade disturbance 帕利塞德造山运动palite 闪长变质岩类pall 棘轮palladium bearing metal 钯轴承合金palladium chloride catalyst 氯化钯催化剂palladium diffusion process 钯扩散过程palladium sponge 海绵钯palladium 钯palladium-copper alloy 钯铜合金palladium-gold 钯金合金pallet 垫衬palliation 减缓palliative 减轻pallograph 船舶振动记录仪palm oil 棕榈油palm 手掌;掌状物;桨的扁平部;锚爪;棕榈Palmaepollenites 棕榈粉属Palmatodella 小掌牙形石属palmeter 帕耳计palmic acid 棕榈酸Palmidites 拟棕榈粉属palmitate 棕榈酸盐palmitic acid 棕榈酸palmitin 棕榈精palnning department 计划部palpability 明显性;可触知性palpation 摸PALS 位置测定系统palstage 古地理阶段palstance 角速变Paltodus 短矛牙形石属paludal facies 沼泽相paludal sediment 沼泽沉积物paludal 沼泽的paludification 沼泽沉积作用paludine =paludous 沼泽的palus 沼泽palustral 沼泽的palustrine 沼泽环境palycyclic aromatic 多环芳烃palygorskite 坡缕石palyniferous 含孢粉的palynoevent 孢粉演变palynofacies 孢粉相palynogram 孢粉图解palynologic maceration 孢粉浸渍palynologic =palynological 孢粉的palynologist 孢粉学家palynology 花粉分析palynomorph 孢粉型palynostratigraphy 孢粉地层学PAM section 保持振幅剖面PAM 保持振幅方式PAM 聚丙烯酰胺PAM 脉冲幅度调制pamphlet 小册子PAMS 多次波的预测自适应压制Pan Am. 泛美石油公司pan head screw 大柱头螺钉pan lake 盘形湖PAN 聚丙烯腈pan 盘;凹地pan- 全PAN-based carbon fiber 聚丙烯腈基碳纤维pan-ice 浮冰pan-range 扫描范围panadapter 扫调附加器panalarm 报警设备panallotriomorphic texture 全他形结构panalyzor 调频发射机综合测试仪Panama Canal 巴拿马运河panautomorphic granular texture 全自形粒状结构panavision 宽屏幕电视;宽银幕电影pancake auger 绷绳固定锚埋墩pancake coil 扁平线圈pancake engine 水平对置式发动机pancake oil column 薄含油层段pancake 水平圆形裂缝;扁的panchromatic film 全色胶片panchromatic mode 全色型panchromatic photo 全色相片panchromatic photography 全色摄影panchromatic plate 全色底片panchromatic print 全色相片panchromatic 全色的Panderodella 小潘德尔牙形石属Panderolepis 潘德尔鳞牙形石属pane 窗格玻璃;长方格;锤头;嵌板;嵌玻璃panel board 仪表盘panel box 配电箱panel coker test 成漆板焦化试验panel discussion 会议讨论panel map 栅状图panel rack 面板架panel saw 手板锯panel work 构架panel 盘paneling 镶板;分段法paneplatform 准地台Panex 潘内克斯公司Pangea break-up 泛大陆解体Pangea 联合古陆pangeosyncline 泛地槽panhead 截锥头panic buying 抢购panidiomorphic granular texture 全自形粒状结构panland 浅洼区Pannonian 潘农阶Pannonian 潘农介pano- 全panopticon 望远显微镜panorama correction 全景校正panorama sketch 全景图panorama 全景;全景装置panoramic camera 全景摄影机panoramic comparison 扫描比较panoramic display 全景显示panoramic distortion 全景失真panoramic image distortion 全景图象失真panoramic imagery 全景成象panoramic infrared photo system 全景红外摄影系统panoramic photograph 全景相片panoramic photography 全景摄影学panoramic picture 全景相片panoramic radar 全景雷达panoramic receiver 全景接收机panoramic scanning distortion 全景扫描失真panoramic scanning 全景扫描panoramic sonar 全景声呐panoramic transforming printer 全景纠正仪panoramic 全象的panplatform 泛地台pant 喘;喷气;渴望pantagraph =pantographpantano 淡水沼泽pantelegraph 传真电报pantelegraphy 传真电报术pantelephone 灵敏度特高的电话机pantellerite 碱流岩Panthalassa 联合古洋panting beam 强胸横梁panting 脉动panto- 全部pantobase 万能起落设备Pantodonta 全齿亚目pantodrill 自动钻床pantograph 缩放仪;偏移位置标绘仪;动臂装置Pantolambdodontidae 全棱齿兽科pantometer 经纬测角仪pantostrat 连续层pantothenate 泛酸盐pants 罩panzer 装甲的;装甲车;铠装运输机PAP 保持振幅处理paper advance 向前走纸paper audit 书面审计;书面检查paper barrel 纸面石油paper cartrige filter 纸筒式过滤器paper chromatoelectrophoresis 纸色谱电泳法paper chromatographic method 纸色谱分析法paper chromatography 纸色谱分析法paper clay 纸状粘土paper coal 纸煤paper credit system 证券信用制paper drive pulse 走纸脉冲paper drum 自动记录器转筒paper electrophoresis 纸上电泳paper empty 纸已完paper feed tractor 走纸牵引装置paper feed 走纸paper guide 紧带机构paper jam 卡纸paper magazine 储纸箱paper method 图上作业法paper paraffined condenser 纸介石蜡电容器paper peat 纸状泥炭paper reverse 倒纸paper shale 纸状页岩paper speed 记录速度paper strip 纸带paper tape coder 纸带编码器paper tape decoder 纸带译码器paper tape reader 纸带读出机paper tape 纸带paper 纸;论文;文件;证券paper-feed roll 送纸辊paper-tape punch 纸带穿孔机paperback 纸面平装本paperboard 纸板paperless office 无纸张办公室papilla 乳头状突起Papillopollis 隆极粉属Par avion 航空邮递par exemple 例如par value 票面值PAR 参数par 插入语;括号PAR 精确进场雷达par 平行的;并联的;平行线par 同等PAR 圆周搜索雷达par- 旁par. 节para tape 绝缘带para 节para-allochthon 准异地体para-compound 对位化合物para-curve 抛物线para-derivative 对位衍生物para-ecology 副生态学para-isomer 对位异构体para-isomeride 对位异构体para-linkage 对键合para-orienting group 对位取代基para-time-rock unit 实用时间岩石单位para-time-stratigraphic unit 实用时间地层单位Paraalnipollenites 异常桤木粉属paraballon 充气天线;跳伞用氧气瓶parabituminous coal 副烟煤parabituminous 水成沥青的parabola antenna 抛物面天线parabola 抛物线;抛物面反射器;碗状物parabolic asymptote 渐近抛物线parabolic curve 抛物线parabolic differential equation 抛物型微分方程parabolic dune 抛物线形沙丘parabolic equation 抛物型方程parabolic interpolation 抛物线内插parabolic mirror 抛物面镜parabolic partial differential equation 抛物型偏微分方程parabolic profile 抛物线外形parabolic regression 抛物线回归parabolic sand dune 抛物线形沙丘parabolic spiral 抛物螺线parabolic type 抛物型parabolic =parabolical 抛物线的paraboloid 抛物体;抛物面paraboloidal coordinate 抛物线坐标parabomb 伞投炸弹;自动打开降落伞装置Paraboultonia 拟布尔顿属Paracardiograptus 拟心笔石属Parachirognathus 副掌颚牙形石属Parachitina 副几丁虫属parachor 等张比容parachute distress rocket signal 降落伞遇险火箭信号parachute life boat 降落伞救生艇parachute signal 降落伞信号parachute 降落伞;伞投;跳伞paraclase 断层paraclinal 平行于褶皱轴向的Paracolonnella 拟圆柱叠层石属paraconductivity 顺电导paracone 前尖paraconformity 似整合paraconglomerate deposit 副砾岩沉积paraconglomerate 副砾岩paraconid 下前尖Paraconophyton 拟锥叠层石属paracontinental crust 准陆壳paracontinental 准大陆的paracontinuity 假连续性Paracordylodus 拟肿牙形石属paracrate 降落伞空投器paracrystalline rock 类结晶岩paracycle 准周期paradiagenetic 准成岩作用的paradigm 范例paradox of anisotropy 各向异性交错paradox 奇论paradrop 空投paraeluvium 副淋溶物Paraeucypris 似真星介属parafacies 副相paraffin base lubricating oil 石蜡基润滑油paraffin base 石蜡基paraffin bit 清蜡钻头paraffin blockage 蜡堵paraffin coal 沥青煤paraffin content 含蜡量paraffin control 防止结蜡paraffin cutter 刮蜡片paraffin cutting 刮蜡paraffin deposit 结蜡paraffin dirt 石蜡垢paraffin dispersant 石蜡分散剂paraffin distillate 链烷烃馏分paraffin electrothermal cable 清蜡电热电缆paraffin hoist 清蜡绞车paraffin hydrocarbons 石蜡族烃paraffin inhibitor chemical 防蜡剂paraffin inhibitor 防蜡剂paraffin knife 刮蜡片paraffin laden formation 含蜡地层paraffin mass 石蜡块paraffin melting point 石蜡熔点paraffin oil 石蜡油paraffin plugging 蜡堵paraffin press 石蜡过滤器paraffin removal unit 清蜡装置paraffin removal 清蜡paraffin remover 清蜡剂paraffin scale 粗石蜡paraffin scraper 刮蜡片paraffin series 石蜡族烃paraffin shale 石蜡页岩paraffin slack wax 含油石蜡paraffin soil 石蜡泥paraffin solvent 石蜡溶剂paraffin sweated wax 粗石蜡paraffin sweating 石蜡发汗paraffin toubles 结蜡事故paraffin treatment 清蜡paraffin valve 清蜡阀paraffin wax 石蜡paraffin wire 石蜡绝缘线paraffin 石蜡paraffin-asphalt petroleum 石蜡沥青混合基原油paraffin-base crude 石蜡基原油paraffin-troubled well 结蜡井paraffinaceous 石蜡质的paraffine 石蜡paraffinic base 石蜡基paraffinic chain 链烷链paraffinic crude 石蜡基原油paraffinic 石蜡的paraffinicity 链烷烃含量paraffinite 地蜡paraffinning 结蜡paraffinum liquidum 石蜡油paraffinum 石蜡parafoil 可转向降落伞paraformaldehyde flake 片状多聚甲醛paraformaldehyde 多聚甲醛paragastric cavity 拟消化腔paragenesis 共生paragenetic association 共生组合paragenetic sequence 共生次序paragenetic 共生的parageosyncline 副地槽Paragloborilus 拟球管螺属paragneiss 副片麻岩Paragondolella 似舟牙形石属paragonite 钠云母paragraph 段paragutta 假橡胶parahelium 仲氦Parahippus 副马属parahydrogen 仲氢paraisopolar 亚等级的Parakunmingella 小昆明介属paralagoon 边缘泻湖paraldehyde 三聚乙醛Paraleperditia 似豆石介属Paraleptestheria 近狭叶肢介属paraliageosyncline 海滨地槽paralic basin 近海盆地paralic deposit 近海沉积paralic environment 近海环境paralic facies 近海相paralic sedimentation 近海沉积作用paralic swamp 近海沼泽paralic 近海的;海陆交互的paralimestone 变质灰岩paralimnion 湖的沿岸部分parallactic angle 视差角parallactic displacement 视差位移parallactic movement 视差移动parallax bar constant 视差杆常数parallax bar 视差杆parallax difference 视差差数parallax effect 视差效应parallax equation 视差方程parallax error 视差parallax of cross-hairs 十字丝视差parallax of reticule 十字丝视差parallax of wires 十字丝视差parallax range transmitter 视差校正发射机parallax reading 视差读数parallax table 视差台parallax wedge 视差楔parallax 视差;倾斜线parallaxial displacement 视差位移paralled yarn 并线;并丝parallel access 并行存取parallel adder 并行加法器parallel addition 并行加法parallel algorithm 并行算法parallel arithmetic unit 并行运算器parallel banded structure 平行带状构造parallel bedding 平行层理parallel binary accumulator 并行二进制累加器parallel binary computer 并行二进制计算机parallel bus 并联总线parallel channel printer 并联通路打印机parallel circle 纬圈parallel circuit 并联电路parallel computation technique 并行计算法parallel computer 并行计算机parallel connection 并联parallel control flow 并行控制流parallel detection 并行检测parallel determination 平行测定parallel disk method 平行圆盘法parallel displacement 平行位移parallel drainage pattern 平行水系parallel event 并行事件parallel experiment 平行试验parallel fault 平行断层parallel field 平行场parallel fold 平行褶皱parallel force 平行力parallel form 并行格式parallel gears 平行齿轮parallel grid 平行网格parallel heave 平行平错parallel inputoutput 并行输入-输出parallel installed 并联的parallel IO 并行输入-输出parallel key 平行键parallel lines 平行线parallel message input 并行信息输入parallel migration 平行运移parallel modulation 并联调制parallel oblique seismic reflection configuration 平行斜交地震反射结构parallel of latitude 黄纬圈parallel offloading 并列式卸载parallel operation 并行操纵;并联运行parallel output signal 并行输出信号parallel perforation 平行射孔parallel perspective projection 平行透视投影parallel plate model 隙缝槽模型parallel plate pore model 平行板孔隙模型parallel plate reactor 平行板反应器parallel plate rhelogy measurement 平行板流变性测量法parallel printer 并行打印机parallel priority resolution 并行优先级分辨率parallel processing capability 并行处理能力parallel processing 并行处理parallel processor 并行处理机parallel profiles 平行剖面parallel pumps 并联泵parallel reach 平行河段parallel reaction 平行反应parallel reactor 平行反应parallel record 平行记录parallel register 并行寄存器parallel regulator 分流调节器parallel representation 并行表示法parallel resonance 电流谐振parallel ring register 并行环形寄存器parallel running 并联工作parallel scan 并行扫描parallel seal 平行封闭parallel sections 平行剖面parallel seep 平行渗漏parallel seismic reflection configuration 平行地震反射结构parallel shafts 平行轴parallel slide valve 平行闸板阀parallel slot 平行割缝parallel sorting 并行分类parallel spinning 平行纺丝parallel storage 并行存储器parallel swaths 平行测线束parallel tables 对照图表parallel throw 平行落差parallel transfer 并行传送parallel transgression 平行海进parallel translation 平行移动parallel transmission 并行传输parallel tubing string 平行油管柱parallel two-terminal pair network 并联对偶二端网络parallel unconformity 平行不整合parallel wire strand wire rope 平行绳股钢丝绳parallel wire 矩形截面钢丝parallel work-flow 并行操作parallel working 平行作业parallel 平行parallel-axes gears 平行轴齿轮parallel-beam transform 平行射线束变换parallel-by-character 字符并行parallel-flow heating furnace 顺流式连续加热炉。
半导体器件物理II必背公式考点摘要
%=—[_£珂'、丨一為(夫1丨]半二复习笔记1.11.MOS 吉构 费米势:禁带中心能级(EFi )与费米能级(EF )之差的电势表示表面势:半导体表面电势与体内电势之差,体内 EFi 和表面EFi 之差的电势表示2. 3. 金半功函数差4. MetalP 沟道阈值电压Silicon dioxide 1 p-Lypc silicon意faifn 是个负值1.3 MOS 原理1. MOSFET 非饱和区IV 公式g =岑5% —耳)瞎-氐](当 V GS > go <V DS < "2(如 J2. 跨导定义:VDS —定时,漏电流ID 随VGS 变化率,反映了 VGS 对ID 的控制能力戶F 饱和区(含线性区卫“缶"冋切)SmL -------- : ------ * as饱和区(厂氏注厂肌(的))3.提咼饱和区跨导途径T ¥D =^7^[2(%-冷)%-氐]2L。
二仝牛竺T GS -厲广 2昨畑“”叫无关GS —「T密勒电容G =c 叭(1+爲几)阈值反型点时的变化,最大耗尽层和最大耗尽层电荷面密度变化:2017/10/235.背栅定义:衬底能起到栅极的作用。
VSB 变化,使耗尽层宽度变化,耗尽层电荷变化;若VGS 不变,则反型沟道电荷变化,漏电流变化1.4频率特性1. MOSFET 频率限制因素: ①沟道载流子的沟道运输时间(通常不是主要的限制因素)② 栅电容充放电需要时间2.截止频率:器件电流增益为1时的频率'炳> a2卩血十"防 JV2 I「迟(现+4)广 1现」4.衬底偏置电压VSB>0其影响高频等效模型如下:1.5 CMOS1. 开关特性开关时间:输出相对于输入的时间延迟,包括导通时间如和关断时间(针对驱动管、NOS 而言) 载流子沟道输运时间b (本征延迟〉 取决于沟道的长度和载流子的漂移速度 输出端对地电容的充放电时间(负载延迟)取决于输出端对地总电容G T 大小和充放电电流(』广人)的大小输入电励可恥爲+01/ 、=>电流增益 打输出电流仃=為仪]A2#(C^+C V )截1E 频率可」Irr 1跨盹E 等效输入栅极电容cG = c gs T +C M:跨导加栅极总电容CG 看题目所给条件。
coupling (to be constructed by the contractor)
coupling (to be constructed by the contractor)全文共四篇示例,供读者参考第一篇示例:Coupling (由承包商制造) 是一个在工程领域中常见的连接器件,用于连接两个不同的机械部件或管道,使其能够一起运行或传递能量。
在建筑、机械制造、供水系统、供气系统等领域中,coupling 被广泛使用,以确保各种设备和管道的顺畅运行。
承包商在施工过程中通常会根据实际需要制造各种类型的coupling,并按照项目要求进行安装。
在一些特定的工程项目中,承包商可能会根据工程设计图纸中的要求,选择合适的材料和工艺来制造coupling,以满足工程质量和性能要求。
coupling 的制造通常包括以下几个步骤:首先是根据设计图纸确定coupling 的尺寸、材料和工艺要求;然后是选择合适的材料,比如钢、铜、铝等,根据要求进行加工和成型;接着是进行表面处理,比如镀锌、喷漆等,以提高耐腐蚀性能;最后是根据设计要求进行组装和检验。
在制造coupling 的过程中,承包商需要严格控制每个环节,确保coupling 的质量和性能符合标准要求。
这包括材料的选择、加工精度、表面处理质量、组装技术等方面。
只有确保每个环节都符合要求,才能保证coupling 的可靠性和稳定性。
除了制造coupling,承包商还需要根据具体情况选择合适的连接方式,比如螺纹连接、焊接连接、搭接连接等。
不同的连接方式适用于不同的工程环境和要求,在选择时需要考虑材料的性能、连接强度、安装方便性等因素。
在实际施工过程中,承包商可能会遇到各种挑战和问题,比如材料供应不足、加工设备故障、施工现场条件限制等。
在这种情况下,承包商需要灵活应对,及时调整计划,确保coupling 的制造和安装工作顺利进行。
coupling (由承包商制造) 在工程领域中起着重要的连接作用,承包商在制造和安装coupling 过程中承担着重要的责任。
采暖通风与空气调节术语标准中英文对照
采暖通风与空气调节术语标准中英文对照AA-weighted sound pressure level A声级absolute humidity绝对湿度absolute roughness绝对粗糙度absorbate 吸收质absorbent 吸收剂absorbent吸声材料absorber吸收器absorptance for solar radiation太阳辐射热吸收系数absorption equipment吸收装置absorption of gas and vapor气体吸收absorptiong refrige rationg cycle吸收式制冷循环absorption-type refrigerating machine吸收式制冷机access door检查门acoustic absorptivity吸声系数actual density真密度actuating element执行机构actuator执行机构adaptive control system自适应控制系统additional factor for exterior door外门附加率additional factor for intermittent heating间歇附加率additional factor for wind force高度附加率additional heat loss风力附加率adiabatic humidification附加耗热量adiabatic humidiflcation绝热加湿adsorbate吸附质adsorbent吸附剂adsorber吸附装置adsorption equipment吸附装置adsorption of gas and vapor气体吸附aerodynamic noise空气动力噪声aerosol气溶胶air balance风量平衡air changes换气次数air channel风道air cleanliness空气洁净度air collector集气罐air conditioning空气调节air conditioning condition空调工况air conditioning equipment空气调节设备air conditioning machine room空气调节机房air conditioning system空气调节系统air conditioning system cooling load空气调节系统冷负荷air contaminant空气污染物air-cooled condenser风冷式冷凝器air cooler空气冷却器air curtain空气幕air cushion shock absorber空气弹簧隔振器air distribution气流组织air distributor空气分布器air-douche unit with water atomization喷雾风扇air duct风管、风道air filter空气过滤器air handling equipment空气调节设备air handling unit room空气调节机房air header集合管air humidity空气湿度air inlet风口air intake进风口air manifold集合管air opening风口air pollutant空气污染物air pollution大气污染air preheater空气预热器air return method回风方式air return mode回风方式air return through corridor走廊回风air space空气间层air supply method送风方式air supply mode送风方式air supply (suction) opening with slide plate插板式送(吸)风口air supply volume per unit area单位面积送风量air temperature空气温度air through tunnel地道风air-to-air total heat exchanger全热换热器air-to-cloth ratio气布比air velocity at work area作业地带空气流速air velocity at work place工作地点空气流速air vent放气阀air-water systen空气—水系统airborne particles大气尘air hater空气加热器airspace空气间层alarm signal报警信号ail-air system全空气系统all-water system全水系统allowed indoor fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity室内温湿度允许波动范围ambient noise环境噪声ammonia氨amplification factor of centrolled plant调节对象放大系数amplitude振幅anergy@angle of repose安息角ange of slide滑动角angle scale热湿比angle valve角阀annual [value]历年值annual coldest month历年最冷月annual hottest month历年最热月anticorrosive缓蚀剂antifreeze agent防冻剂antifreeze agent防冻剂apparatus dew point机器露点apparent density堆积密度aqua-ammonia absorptiontype-refrigerating machine氨—水吸收式制冷机aspiation psychrometer通风温湿度计Assmann aspiration psychrometer通风温湿度计atmospheric condenser淋激式冷凝器atmospheric diffusion大气扩散atmospheric dust大气尘atmospheric pollution大气污染atmospheric pressure大气压力(atmospheric stability大气稳定度atmospheric transparency大气透明度atmospheric turblence大气湍流automatic control自动控制automatic roll filter自动卷绕式过滤器automatic vent自动放气阀available pressure资用压力average daily sol-air temperature日平均综合温度axial fan轴流式通风机azeotropic mixture refrigerant共沸溶液制冷剂Bback-flow preventer防回流装置back pressure of steam trap凝结水背压力back pressure return余压回水background noise背景噪声back plate挡风板bag filler袋式除尘器baghouse袋式除尘器barometric pressure大气压力basic heat loss基本耗热量hend muffler消声弯头bimetallic thermometer双金属温度计black globe temperature黑球温度blow off pipe排污管blowdown排污管boiler锅炉boiller house锅炉房boiler plant锅炉房boiler room锅炉房booster加压泵branch支管branch duct(通风) 支管branch pipe支管building envelope围护结构building flow zones建筑气流区building heating entry热力入口bulk density堆积密度bushing补心butterfly damper蝶阀by-pass damper空气加热器〕旁通阀by-pass pipe旁通管Ccanopy hood 伞形罩capillary tube毛细管capture velocity控制风速capture velocity外部吸气罩capturing hood 卡诺循环Carnot cycle串级调节系统cascade control system铸铁散热器cast iron radiator催化燃烧catalytic oxidation 催化燃烧ceilling fan吊扇ceiling panelheating顶棚辐射采暖center frequency中心频率central air conditionint system 集中式空气调节系统central heating集中采暖central ventilation system新风系统centralized control集中控制centrifugal compressor离心式压缩机entrifugal fan离心式通风机check damper(通风〕止回阀check valve止回阀chilled water冷水chilled water system with primary-secondary pumps一、二次泵冷水系统chimney(排气〕烟囱circuit环路circulating fan风扇circulating pipe循环管circulating pump循环泵clean room洁净室cleaning hole清扫孔cleaning vacuum plant真空吸尘装置cleanout opening清扫孔clogging capacity容尘量close nipple长丝closed booth大容积密闭罩closed full flow return闭式满管回水closed loop control闭环控制closed return闭式回水closed shell and tube condenser卧式壳管式冷凝器closed shell and tube evaporator卧式壳管式蒸发器closed tank闭式水箱coefficient of accumulation of heat蓄热系数coefficient of atmospheric transpareney大气透明度coefficient of effective heat emission散热量有效系数coficient of effective heat emission传热系数coefficient of locall resistance局部阻力系数coefficient of thermal storage蓄热系数coefficient of vapor蒸汽渗透系数coefficient of vapor蒸汽渗透系数coil盘管collection efficiency除尘效率combustion of gas and vapor气体燃烧comfort air conditioning舒适性空气调节common section共同段compensator补偿器components(通风〕部件compression压缩compression-type refrigerating machine压缩式制冷机compression-type refrigerating system压缩式制冷系统compression-type refrigeration压缩式制冷compression-type refrigeration cycle压缩式制冷循环compression-type water chiller压缩式冷水机组concentratcd heating集中采暖concentration of narmful substance有害物质浓度condensate drain pan凝结水盘condensate pipe凝结水管condensate pump凝缩水泵condensate tank凝结水箱condensation冷凝condensation of vapor气体冷凝condenser冷凝器condensing pressure冷凝压力condensing temperature冷凝温度condensing unit压缩冷凝机组conditioned space空气调节房间conditioned zone空气调节区conical cowl锥形风帽constant humidity system恒湿系统constant temperature and humidity system恒温恒湿系统constant temperature system 恒温系统constant value control 定值调节constant volume air conditioning system定风量空气调节系统continuous dust dislodging连续除灰continuous dust dislodging连续除灰continuous heating连续采暖contour zone稳定气流区control device控制装置control panel控制屏control valve调节阀control velocity控制风速controlled natural ventilation有组织自然通风controlled plant调节对象controlled variable被控参数controller调节器convection heating对流采暖convector对流散热器cooling降温、冷却(、)cooling air curtain冷风幕cooling coil冷盘管cooling coil section冷却段cooling load from heat传热冷负荷cooling load from outdoor air新风冷负荷cooling load from ventilation新风冷负荷cooling load temperature冷负荷温度cooling system降温系统cooling tower冷却塔cooling unit冷风机组cooling water冷却水correcting element调节机构correcting unit执行器correction factor for orientaion朝向修正率corrosion inhibitor缓蚀剂coupling管接头cowl伞形风帽criteria for noise control cross噪声控频标准cross fan四通crross-flow fan贯流式通风机cross-ventilation穿堂风cut diameter分割粒径cyclone旋风除尘器cyclone dust separator旋风除尘器cylindrical ventilator筒形风帽Ddaily range日较差damping factot衰减倍数data scaning巡回检测days of heating period采暖期天数deafener消声器decibel(dB)分贝degree-days of heating period采暖期度日数degree of subcooling过冷度degree of superheat过热度dehumidification减湿dehumidifying cooling减湿冷却density of dust particle真密度derivative time微分时间design conditions计算参数desorption解吸detecting element检测元件detention period延迟时间deviation偏差dew-point temperature露点温度dimond-shaped damper菱形叶片调节阀differential pressure type flowmeter差压流量计diffuser air supply散流器diffuser air supply散流器送风direct air conditioning system 直流式空气调节系统direct combustion 直接燃烧direct-contact heat exchanger 汽水混合式换热器direct digital control (DDC) system 直接数字控制系统direct evaporator 直接式蒸发器direct-fired lithiumbromide absorption-type refrigerating machine 直燃式溴化锂吸收式制冷机direct refrigerating system 直接制冷系统direct return system 异程式系统direct solar radiation 太阳直接辐射discharge pressure 排气压力discharge temperature 排气温度dispersion 大气扩散district heat supply 区域供热district heating 区域供热disturbance frequency 扰动频率dominant wind direction 最多风向double-effect lithium-bromide absorption-type refigerating machine 双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机double pipe condenser 套管式冷凝器down draft 倒灌downfeed system 上分式系统downstream spray pattern 顺喷drain pipe 泄水管drain pipe 排污管droplet 液滴drv air 干空气dry-and-wet-bulb thermometer 干湿球温度表dry-bulb temperature 干球温度dry cooling condition 干工况dry dust separator 干式除尘器dry expansion evaporator 干式蒸发器dry return pipe 干式凝结水管dry steam humidifler 干蒸汽加湿器dualductairconing ition 双风管空气调节系统dual duct system 双风管空气调节系统duct 风管、风道dust 粉尘dust capacity 容尘量dust collector 除尘器dust concentration 含尘浓度dust control 除尘dust-holding capacity 容尘量dust removal 除尘dust removing system 除尘系统dust sampler 粉尘采样仪dust sampling meter 粉尘采样仪dust separation 除尘dust separator 除尘器dust source 尘源dynamic deviation动态偏差Eeconomic resistance of heat transfer经济传热阻economic velocity经济流速efective coefficient of local resistance折算局部阻力系数effective legth折算长度effective stack height烟囱有效高度effective temperature difference送风温差ejector喷射器ejetor弯头elbow电加热器electric heater电加热段electric panel heating电热辐射采暖electric precipitator电除尘器electricradian theating 电热辐射采暖electricresistance hu-midkfier电阻式加湿器electro-pneumatic convertor电—气转换器electrode humidifler电极式加湿器electrostatic precipi-tator电除尘器eliminator挡水板emergency ventilation事故通风emergency ventilation system事故通风系统emission concentration排放浓度enclosed hood密闭罩enthalpy焓enthalpy control system新风〕焓值控制系统enthalpy entropy chart焓熵图entirely ventilation全面通风entropy熵environmental noise环境噪声equal percentage flow characteristic等百分比流量特性equivalent coefficient of local resistance当量局部阻力系数equivalent length当量长度equivalent[continuous A] sound level等效〔连续A〕声级evaporating pressure蒸发压力evaporating temperature蒸发温度evaporative condenser蒸发式冷凝器evaporator蒸发器excess heat余热excess pressure余压excessive heat 余热cxergy@exhaust air rate排风量exhaust fan排风机exhaust fan room排风机室exhaust hood局部排风罩exhaust inlet吸风口exhaust opening吸风口exhaust opening orinlet风口exhaust outlet排风口exaust vertical pipe排气〕烟囱exhausted enclosure密闭罩exit排风口expansion膨胀expansion pipe膨胀管explosion proofing防爆expansion steam trap恒温式疏水器expansion tank膨胀水箱extreme maximum temperature极端最高温度extreme minimum temperature极端最低温度Ffabric collector袋式除尘器face tube皮托管face velocity罩口风速fan通风机fan-coil air-conditioning system风机盘管空气调节系统fan-coil system风机盘管空气调节系统fan-coil unit风机盘管机组fan house通风机室fan room通风机室fan section风机段feed-forward control前馈控制feedback反馈feeding branch tlo radiator散热器供热支管fibrous dust纤维性粉尘fillter cylinder for sampling滤筒采样管fillter efficiency过滤效率fillter section过滤段filltration velocity过滤速度final resistance of filter过滤器终阻力fire damper防火阀fire prevention防火fire protection防火fire-resisting damper防火阀fittings(通风〕配件fixed set-point control定值调节fixed support固定支架fixed time temperature (humidity)定时温(湿)度flame combustion热力燃烧flash gas闪发气体flash steam二次蒸汽flexible duct软管flexible joint柔性接头float type steam trap浮球式疏水器float valve浮球阀floating control无定位调节flooded evaporator满液式蒸发器floor panel heating地板辐射采暖flow capacity of control valve调节阀流通能力flow characteristic of control valve调节阀流量特性foam dust separator泡沫除尘器follow-up control system随动系统forced ventilation机械通风forward flow zone射流区foul gas不凝性气体four-pipe water system四管制水系统fractional separation efficiency分级除尘效率free jet自由射流free sillica游离二氧化硅free silicon dioxide游离二氧化硅freon氟利昂frequency interval频程frequency of wind direction风向频率fresh air handling unit新风机组resh air requirement新风量friction factor摩擦系数friction loss摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦阻力fume烟〔雾〕fumehood排风柜fumes烟气Ggas-fired infrared heating 煤气红外线辐射采暖gas-fired unit heater 燃气热风器gas purger 不凝性气体分离器gate valve 闸阀general air change 全面通风general exhaust ventilation (GEV) 全面排风general ventilation 全面通风generator 发生器global radiation总辐射grade efficiency分级除尘效率granular bed filter颗粒层除尘器granulometric distribution粒径分布gravel bed filter颗粒层除尘器gravity separator沉降室ground-level concentration落地浓度guide vane导流板Hhair hygrometor毛发湿度计hand pump手摇泵harmful gas andvapo有害气体harmful substance有害物质header分水器、集水器(、)heat and moisture热湿交换transfer热平衡heat conduction coefficient导热系数heat conductivity导热系数heat distributing network热网heat emitter散热器heat endurance热稳定性heat exchanger换热器heat flowmeter热流计heat flow rate热流量heat gain from lighting设备散热量heat gain from lighting照明散热量heat gain from occupant人体散热量heat insulating window保温窗heat(thermal)insuation隔热heat(thermal)lag延迟时间heat loss耗热量heat loss by infiltration冷风渗透耗热量heat-operated refrigerating system热力制冷系统heat-operated refrigetation热力制冷heat pipe热管heat pump热泵heat pump air conditioner热泵式空气调节器heat release散热量heat resistance热阻heat screen隔热屏heat shield隔热屏heat source热源heat storage蓄热heat storage capacity蓄热特性heat supply供热heat supply network热网heat transfer传热heat transmission传热heat wheel转轮式换热器heated thermometer anemometer热风速仪heating采暖、供热、加热(、、)heating appliance采暖设备heating coil热盘管heating coil section加热段heating equipment采暖设备heating load热负荷heating medium热媒heating medium parameter热媒参数heating pipeline采暖管道heating system采暖系统heavy work重作业high-frequency noise高频噪声high-pressure ho twater heating高温热水采暖high-pressure steam heating高压蒸汽采暖high temperature water heating高温热水采暖hood局部排风罩horizontal water-film syclonet卧式旋风水膜除尘器hot air heating热风采暖hot air heating system热风采暖系统hot shop热车间hot water boiler热水锅炉hot water heating热水采暖hot water system热水采暖系统hot water pipe热水管hot workshop热车间hourly cooling load逐时冷负荷hourly sol-air temperature逐时综合温度humidification加湿humidifier加湿器humididier section加湿段humidistat恒湿器humidity ratio含湿量hydraulic calculation水力计算hydraulic disordeer水力失调hydraulic dust removal水力除尘hydraulic resistance balance阻力平衡hydraulicity水硬性hydrophilic dust亲水性粉尘hydrophobic dust疏水性粉尘Iimpact dust collector冲激式除尘器impact tube皮托管impedance muffler阻抗复合消声器inclined damper斜插板阀index circuit最不利环路indec of thermal inertia (valueD)热惰性指标(D值)indirect heat exchanger表面式换热器indirect refrigerating sys间接制冷系统indoor air design conditions室内在气计算参数indoor air velocity室内空气流速indoor and outdoor design conditions室内外计算参数indoor reference for air temperature and relative humidity室内温湿度基数indoor temperature (humidity)室内温(湿)度induction air-conditioning system诱导式空气调节系统induction unit诱导器inductive ventilation诱导通风industral air conditioning工艺性空气调节industrial ventilation工业通风inertial dust separator惯性除尘器infiltration heat loss冷风渗透耗热量infrared humidifier红外线加湿器infrared radiant heater红外线辐射器inherent regulation of controlled plant调节对象自平衡initial concentration of dust初始浓度initial resistance of filter过滤器初阻力imput variable输入量insulating layer保温层integral enclosure整体密闭罩integral time积分时间interlock protection联锁保护intermittent dust removal定期除灰intermittent heating间歇采暖inversion layer逆温层inverted bucket type steam trap倒吊桶式疏水器irradiance辐射照度isoenthalpy等焓线isobume等湿线isolator隔振器isotherm等温线isothermal humidification等温加湿isothermal jet等温射流Jjet射流jet axial velocity射流轴心速度jet divergence angle射流扩散角jet in a confined space受限射流Kkatathermometer卡他温度计Llaboratory hood排风柜lag of controlled plant调节对象滞后large space enclosure大容积密闭罩latent heat潜热lateral exhaust at the edge of a bath槽边排风罩lateral hoodlength of pipe section侧吸罩length of pipe section管段长度light work轻作业limit deflection极限压缩量limit switch限位开关limiting velocity极限流速linear flow characteristic线性流量特性liquid-level gage液位计liquid receiver贮液器lithium bromide溴化锂lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine溴化锂吸收式制冷机lithium chloride resistance hygrometer氯化锂电阻湿度计load pattern负荷特性local air conditioning局部区域空气调节local air suppiy system局部送风系统local exhaustventilation (LEV)局部排风local exhaust system局部排风系统local heating局部采暖local relief局部送风local relief system局部送风系统local resistance局部阻力local solartime地方太阳时local ventilation局部通风local izedairsupply for air-heating集中送风采暖local ized air control就地控制loop环路louver百叶窗low-frequencynoise低频噪声low-pressure steam heating低压蒸汽采暖lyophilic dust亲水性粉尘lyophobic dust疏水性粉尘Mmain 总管、干管main duct通风〕总管、〔通风〕干管main pipe总管、干管make-up water pump补给水泵manual control手动控制mass concentration质量浓度maximum allowable concentration (MAC)最高容许浓度maximum coefficient of heat transfer最大传热系数maximum depth of frozen ground最大冻土深度maximum sum of hourly colling load逐时冷负荷综合最大值mean annual temperature (humidity)年平均温(湿)度mean annual temperature (humidity)日平均温(湿)度mean daily temperature (humidity)旬平均温(湿)度mean dekad temperature (humidity)月平均最高温度mean monthly maximum temperature月平均最低温度mean monthly minimum temperature月平均湿(湿)度mean monthly temperature (humidity)平均相对湿度mean relative humidity平均风速emchanical air supply system机械送风系统mechanical and hydraulic联合除尘combined dust removal机械式风速仪mechanical anemometer机械除尘mechanical cleaning off dust机械除尘mechanical dust removal机械排风系统mechanical exhaust system机械通风系统mechanical ventilation机械通风media velocity过滤速度metal radiant panel金属辐射板metal radiant panel heating金属辐射板采暖micromanometer微压计micropunch plate muffler微穿孔板消声器mid-frequency noise中频噪声middle work中作业midfeed system中分式系统minimum fresh air requirmente最小新风量minimum resistance of heat transfer最小传热阻mist雾mixing box section混合段modular air handling unit组合式空气调节机组moist air湿空气moisture excess余湿moisure gain散湿量moisture gain from appliance and equipment设备散湿量moisturegain from occupant人体散湿量motorized valve电动调节阀motorized (pneumatic)电(气)动两通阀-way valvemotorized (pneumatic)-way valve电(气)动三通阀movable support活动支架muffler消声器muffler section消声段multi-operating mode automtic conversion工况自动转换multi-operating mode control system多工况控制系统multiclone多管〔旋风〕除尘器multicyclone多管〔旋风〕除尘器multishell condenser组合式冷凝器Nnatural and mechanical combined ventilation联合通风natural attenuation quantity of noise噪声自然衰减量natural exhaust system自然排风系统natural freguency固有频率natural ventilation自然通风NC-curve[s]噪声评价NC曲线negative freedback负反馈neutral level中和界neutral pressure level中和界neutral zone中和界noise噪声noise control噪声控制noise criter ioncurve(s)噪声评价NC曲线noisc rating number噪声评价NR曲线noise reduction消声non azeotropic mixture refragerant非共沸溶液制冷剂non-commonsection非共同段non condensable gas 不凝性气体non condensable gas purger不凝性气体分离器non-isothermal jet非等温射流nonreturn valve通风〕止回阀normal coldest month止回阀normal coldest month累年最冷月normal coldest -month period累年最冷三个月normal hottest month累年最热月(3)normal hottest month period累年最热三个月normal three summer months累年最热三个月normal three winter months累年最冷三个月normals累年值nozzle outlet air suppluy喷口送风number concentration计数浓度number of degree-day of heating period采暖期度日数Ooctave倍频程/ octave倍频程octave band倍频程oil cooler油冷却器oill-fired unit heater燃油热风器one-and-two pipe combined heating system单双管混合式采暖系统one (single)-pipe circuit (cross-over) heating system单管跨越式采暖系统one(single)-pipe heating system单管采暖系统pne(single)-pipe loop circuit heating system水平单管采暖系统one(single)-pipe seriesloop heating system单管顺序式采暖系统one-third octave band倍频程on-of control双位调节open loop control开环控制open return开式回水open shell and tube condenser立式壳管式冷凝器open tank开式水箱operating pressure工作压力operating range作用半径opposed multiblade damper对开式多叶阀organized air supply有组织进风organized exhaust有组织排风organized natural ventilation有组织自然通风outdoor air design conditions室外空气计算参数outdoor ctitcal air temperature for heating采暖室外临界温度outdoor design dry-bulb temperature for summer air conlitioning夏季空气调节室外计算干球温度outdoor design hourly temperature for summer air conditioning夏季空气调节室外计算逐时温度outdoor design mean daily temperature for summer air conditioning夏季空气调节室外计算日平均温度outdoor design relative humidityu for summer ventilation夏季通风室外计算相对湿度outdoor design relative humidity for winter air conditioning冬季空气调节室外计算相对湿度outdoor design temperature ture for calculated envelope in winter冬季围护结构室外计算温度outdoor design temperature ture for heating采暖室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for summer ventilation夏季通风室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for winter air conditioning冬季空气调节室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for winter vemtilation冬季通风室外计算温度outdoor designwet-bulb temperature for summer air conditioning夏季空气调节室外计算湿球温度outdoor mean air temperature during heating period采暖期室外平均温度outdoor temperature(humidity)室外温(湿)度outlet air velocity出口风速out put variable输出量overall efficiency of separation除尘效率overall heat transmission coefficient传热系数ouvrflow pipe溢流管overheat steam过热蒸汽overlapping averages滑动平均overshoot超调量Ppackaged air conditioner整体式空气调节器。
2016教资统考英语专业知识:词缀记忆法——通过词缀认识单词(五)
2016教资统考英语专业知识:词缀记忆法——通过词缀认识单词(五)云南教师资格考试请访问云南教师考试网,为了更好的协助大家备考云南教师招聘考试,中公云南教师考试网为大家准备了云南教师资格证的相关考试题型,大家可以参考学习,云南教师考试网祝大家早日成功。
1.sub-①表示“在下面,次一等,副手”subdue征服;减轻(sub+due从属→从属在下面→征服)subjugate镇压;征服(sub+jug牛轭+ate→套上牛轭→镇压)subliminal潜意识的(sub+limin门槛+al→在门槛下→在意识之下→潜意识的)submerge沉没,淹没(sub+merge淹没→淹没下去)submissive恭顺的(sub+miss给→ive→在下面给→恭顺的)subordinate附属的(sub+ordin顺序+ate→顺序在下→附属的)suborn收买,贿赂(sub+orn装饰→在下面装饰→贿赂)subscribe捐献,订购(sub+scribe写→在下面写上名字→订购)subside下陷;平息(sub+terr地+anean→地下的)subterranean地下的(sub+terr转→转下去→推翻)subcontinent次大陆(sub+continetn大陆)subtropics亚热带(sub+tropics热带)subtitle副标题(sub+tropics热带)subeditor助理编辑(sub+editor编辑)suboffice分办事处(sub+office办公室)②表示“接近,靠近”subcentral接近中心的(sub+central中心的)subarctic近北极的(sub+arctic北极的)subadult接近成年的(sub+adult成年人)subacid略酸的(sub+acid酸)subarid有点干燥的(sub+arid干燥的)2. suc-, suf-, sup-, sur-等在同辅音词根前表示“在…下面”succeed成功(suc+ceed走→从下走到上面→成功)succinct简洁的,简明的(suc+cinct捆→在下面先捆好→简洁的) succumb屈从;死亡(suc+cumb躺→躺下去→屈从;死亡) sufficient足够的(suf+fici做+ent→在下面先做好,用的时候→足够的) suffer受苦(suf+fer带→带到下面去→受苦)suffix后缀(suf+fix固定→在后面固定→后缀)suffocate窒息(suf+foc喉咙+ate→把〔手〕放喉咙下→窒息) suffuse弥漫,染遍(suf+fuse流→流下去→流遍,染遍)supplant排挤,取代(sup+plant种植→种在下面,把上面的取代) supplicant哀求的恳求的(sup+plic重量+ant→双膝重叠跪下→哀求的) supplicate恳求,乞求(sup+plic重叠+ate→〔膝盖〕重叠跪下→恳求) support支持(sup+port带→带来支持)suppress镇压,压制(sup+press压→压下去)suppose猜想,推测(sup+pose放→放下去想→猜想)surreptitious鬼鬼崇崇的(sur+rept爬+itious→在下面爬→鬼鬼崇崇的) surrogate代替品;代理人(sur+rog要求+ate→要求下面〔有人〕→代理人) surround包围(sur+round圆圈→在下面围一圈)surrounding环境(surround+ing→被围起来的状态→环境)3. sur-表示“超过,在上面”surface表面(sur+face脸面)surpass超过(sur+pass通过→在上面通过→超越)surrealism超现实主义(sur+realism现实主义)surmount登上,超越(sur+mount山→在山上→登上)surplus多余的(sur+plus多余;加→多出很多)surcharge附加费(sur+charge收费→额外的收费→附加费) surveillance临视;监督;监视(sur+veil看+lance→在上面看→临视) survival幸存,生存(sur+viv活+al→经过事故活着→幸存)4. super-①表示“超级,超过,过度”supersized超大型的(super+sized有范围的)supersonic超音速的(super+sonic声音的)supernatural超自然的(super+natural自然的)superfluous多余的(super+flu流+ous→流出太多)supercilious目中无人的(super+cili眉毛+ous→在眉毛上看人→目中无人) supersensitive过度敏感的(super+sensitive敏感的)supercharge负载过重(super+chrage收费,负担→负担过重)②表示“在…上面”supervise临视(super+vise看→在上面看→临视)superstructure上层建筑(super+structure结构)superimpose放…上面,强加(super+impose放上去→在上面放→强加)superficial肤浅的(super+fic做+ial→在表面上做)superintend监督(super+intend关心→在上面关心→监督)更多云南教师资格证考试、云南教师招聘考试信息尽在云南教师考试网,欢迎广考生访问。
sublevel化学
sublevel化学
“sublevel化学”可能是指“亚层化学”。
在化学中,亚层是指在波尔原子模型中,某一特定轨道上的电子云形状不同,对应电子能量不同,而波尔模型无法解释这种现象,故化学家提出了次能级概念,把某一特定能级上的电子再分别排队分成各小组。
以n=2为例,次能级的电子云形态为2s和2p,p能级上最多能排布6个电子。
在n=3时,次能级的电子云形态为3s、3p和3d,其中3d能级上的电子能量大于4s能级上的电子能量,且3d能级上的电子数小于4s能级上的电子数。
亚层化学是理解原子和分子结构的基础,对于理解化学键的形成和反应机理具有重要作用。
半导体名词解释
突变结近似:认为从中性半导体区到空间电荷区的空间电荷密度有一个突然的不连续。
内建电势差:热平衡状态下pn结内p区与n区的静电电势差。
耗尽层电容:势垒电容的另一种表达。
耗尽区:空间电荷区的另一种表达。
超突变结:一种为了实现特殊电容-电压特性而进行冶金结处高掺杂的pn结,其特点为pn结一侧的掺杂浓度由冶金结处开始下降。
势垒电容(结电容):反向偏置下pn结的电容。
线性缓变结:冶金结两侧的掺杂浓度可以由线性分布近似的pn结。
冶金结:pn结内p型掺杂与n型掺杂的分界面。
单边突变结:冶金结一侧的掺杂浓度远大于另一侧的掺杂浓度的pn结。
反偏:pn结的n区相对于p区加正电压,从而使p区与n区之间势垒的大小超过热平衡状态时势垒的大小。
空间电荷区:冶金结两侧由于n区内施主电离和p区内受主电离而形成的带净正电与负电的区域。
空间电荷区宽度:空间电荷区延伸到p区与n区内的距离,它是掺杂浓度与外加电压的函数。
变容二极管:电容随着外加电压的改变而改变的二极管。
第八章雪崩击穿:电子和(或)空穴穿越空间电荷区时,与空间电荷区内原子的电子发生碰撞产生电子-空穴对,在pn结内形成一股很大的反偏电流,这个过程就成为雪崩击穿。
载流子注入:外加偏压时,pn结体内载流子穿过空间电荷区进入p区或n区的过程。
临界电场:发生击穿时pn结空间电荷区的最大电场强度。
扩散电容:正偏pn结内由于少子的存储效应而形成的电容。
扩散电导:正偏pn结的低频小信号正弦电流与电压的比值。
扩散电阻:扩散电导的倒数。
正偏:p区相对于n区加正电压。
此时结两侧的电势差要低于热平衡时的值。
产生电流:pn结空间电荷区内由于电子-空穴对热产生效应形成的反偏电流。
长二极管:电中性p区与n区的长度大小少子扩散长度的二极管。
复合电流:穿越空间电荷区时发生复合的电子与空穴所产生的正偏pn结电流。
反向饱和电流:pn结体内的理想反向电流。
短二极管:电中性p区与n区中至少有一个区的长度小于少子扩散长度的pn结二极管。
2.2 加偏压的 P-N 结
半导体器件物理 Dr. B. Li &J. Han
W′
P
VR +
能量
N
IR
(E )
q ( 0 + VR ψ
qVR
)
(c )
(c)加反向电压,耗尽层宽度 W ' > W
图2.5 单边突变结的能带图
半导体器件物理 Dr. B. Li &J. Han
反向抽取:反偏PN结空间电荷区电场将N区少 子空穴从N区向P区漂移,将P区少子电子从P区 向N区漂移,这种现象称为载流子的反向抽取。
半导体器件物理 Dr. B. Li &J. Han
在反偏压下,突变结耗尽层宽度为
2k ∈0 (ψ 0 + VR ) 2 W = qN d
1
(2-23)
由上式可知: a. 反偏压使PN结耗尽层展宽。 b. 式(2-23)在较低的正偏压情况下也可以使用。 正偏压将使耗尽层变窄。在大的正偏压下,由 于耗尽层近似不再成立,式(2-23)不再适用。
= n p0 e
(2-29)
= pn0e
(2-30)
半导体器件物理 Dr. B. Li &J. Han
2、空间电荷效应和扩散近似
(1).空间电荷效应 在PN结的中性区,有注入的过量非平衡少子, 建立起一瞬间电场,此电场吸引过量的多子以中和 注入的少子,并使电中性得以恢复。结果造成有很 高的过量载流子浓度但无显著的空间电荷效应。
掌握名词、术语和基本概念: 正向注入、反向抽取、扩散近似、扩散区 正确画出加偏压PN结能带图; 根据能带图和修正欧姆定律分析结的单向导电 性; 根据载流子扩散与漂移的观点分析结的单向导 电性。
半导体器件物理 Dr. B. Li &J. Han
1射频技术小词典经常会遇到一些符...
射频技术小词典经常会遇到一些符号、缩略语与名词,一开始就得知道一些,否则会不知所云。
本资料从实用出发,将它放在前面。
为了简单,先后次序按英文字母排列;对中文部分则按拼音次序排列。
有的内容还会有文提到,有的内容也就点到为止;对有的读者来说,可能也就只需要这一点。
A 安培 电流单位 mA 为毫安, μA 为微安。
. A 或a 常表示面积;有时泛指某一点。
B 磁感应强度 B=μHBNC 一种卡口式射频连接器,详见GB 11315-89BW 频带宽度波束宽度C 电容 单位法拉F .连接器后缀 如:BNC, TNC 等等。
光速 c =3х10s m /8耦合器后缀 如定向耦合器dc.载波 如 dBc ,SCV , s/c 等等。
电流后缀 如:AC, ac, DC, dc 等。
CDMA 码分多址CMRR 共模抑制比 D 天线的方向性天线口面最大尺寸同轴线外导体内径为D ,内导体外经为d 。
双线中心距为D ,线径为d 。
耗散系数d 距离深度DDS 直接数字式频率综合源dB 分贝 表示相对电平的一种名词dB 值 = )log(20)log(101212V V P P = 注意:两电平间用功率比与电压比差了平方倍,但其dB 值却是惟一的;没有功率dB ,或电压dB 一说。
dBc 以载波电平为参考的dB值dBd 以半波振子为参考的天线增益dB值dBi 以点源为参考的天线增益dB值dBm 以mW为参考的功率dB值dBW 以W为参考的功率dB值dBµ以µV/m为参考的场强dB值E 电场强度单位µV/m电动势单位V(伏特) 它是一种能提供电能的势能。
在电磁场理论中电动势的定义是将单位电荷由无穷远外移到此地所作的功。
说简当些,其值即电源的开路电压与电场方向一致的面叫E面,如波导的宽边等等。
EMC 电磁兼容ENR 超噪比噪声源输出超过常温噪声部分与常温噪声相比的dB值。
ESR 等效串联电阻e指数它本身是个无穷小数,前6位为2.71828。
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Substrate Coupling Analysis (SCA) Product Notes
Product Version 5.0
July 2002
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Contents
Substrate Coupling Analysis Product Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Enhancements to Substrate Coupling Analysis Capability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Substrate Coupling Analysis Product Notes
July 2002
Enhancements to Substrate Coupling Analysis Capability
One of the major enhancements in SCA in5.0is the increased capacity which enables SCA to handle a large number of substrate ports at a reasonable cost.This high capacity SCA will enable the user to create the substrate model of an entire production chip.In the5.0release a new algorithm based on graph theory coupled with a state of the art field solver has been implemented that is capable of handling a very large number of substrate ports. The time needed to generate the reduced model of the substrate is proportional to the number of substrate ports.
The SCA product is seamlessly integrated in the Diva/Virtuoso/Analog Circuit Design Environment/SpectreRF flow. It has an engine that extracts the substrate resistance, capacitance, well parasitics, and buried layer parasitics. SCA 5.0 has greatly enhanced its processing capacity in response to our customers' desire to run SCA on full production RF chips.
Thefinal substrate parasitic is a reduced parasitic network,ensuring minimum additional cost to the circuit simulation for parasitic effects.SCA5.0also has better integration with Analog Design Environment and SpectreRF. It supports the environment settings and inherited connection,making it easier to be integrated into various Process Design Kits(PDKs).SCA is the ideal substrate parasitic simulation tool for RFIC designs within the Cadence custom IC design flow.。